Polynomials 3
Polynomials 3
Geometrical meaning of zeroes of a polynomial: The zeroes of a polynomial p(x) are precisely
the x-coordinates of the points where the graph of y = p(x) intersects the x-axis.
Relation between the zeroes and coefficients of a polynomial: If α and β are the zeroes of a
√( )
=( )
( ) √( )
=( ) ( )
=( ) ( )
{( ) }
4 If one zero of the quadratic polynomial 2x2 + p x + 4 is 2, find the other zero. Also, find
the value of p.
ANS: P(x) = 2x2 + p x + 4
One zero = 2
Let other zero = a
Now, sum of zeroes = ...(i)
and product of zeroes = 2
⇒2×a=2
∴ Other zero = 1
∴ Sum of zeroes = 2 + 1 = 3 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
– =3⇒p=–6
5 If are roots of the equation then the value of
( )( ) _____.
ANS:
6 If zeroes of p(x) = 2x2 – 7x + k are reciprocal of each other, then value of k is ______
k=2
7 If graph of a polynomial does not intersects the x-axis but intersects y-axis in one point,
then no. of zeroes of the polynomial is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 0 or 1 (d) none of these
18 If zeroes of p(x) = 2x2 – 7x + k are reciprocal of each other, then value of k is __________.
ANS:
then product of zeros = 1 =
19 Write a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are √ and √ .
then ax + b = x + 2 ⇒ a = 1, b = 2.
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒
( ) ( ) =( ) ( )
⇒ ⇒
27 The graph of y = f(x) is given, how many
zeroes are there of f(x)?
ANS: Graph y = f(x) does not intersect x-axis. f(x) has no zeroes.
28 The graph of y = f(x) is given below, for
some polynomial f(x). Find the number of
zeroes of f(x).
ANS: Graph of f(x) intersects x-axis at three different points. Number of zeroes of
f (x) = 3.
29 Find the product of the zeroes of – 2x2 + k x + 6.
ANS: Here a = – 2, b = k, c = 6
Product of zeroes =
i.e. , α×β= =–3
30 Find the sum of the zeroes of the given quadratic polynomial –3x2 + k.
ANS: Since polynomial is –3x2 + 0x + k ⇒ a = –3, b = 0, c = k
and sum of zeroes =
31
If are roots of then find the value of √ √ √ .
√ √ √ √ √ ⇒ √ √
√ √
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) =
( )
( ) =
33 Write the polynomial, the product and sum of whose zeroes are
respectively.
ANS: Product of zeroes
Sum of zeroes =
Polynomial is ( ) ( )
2
or k (2x + 3x – 9)
34 α , β , γ are zeroes of cubic polynomial k x3 – 5x + 9. If α3 + β3 + γ3 = 27, find the
value of k.
ANS: Here, a = k, b = 0, c = – 5, d=9
α+β+γ= =0 and α β γ =
α+β+γ=0
∴ α3 + β3 + γ3 = 3αβγ
⇒ 27 = 3 × ( ) ⇒ k = –1
3 2
35 If x + x – ax + b is divisible by x2 – x, write the values of a and b.
ANS: p(x) = x3 + x2 – ax + b is divisible by x2 – x.
x(x – 1) is a factor of p(x).
x = 0 and x = 1 are zeroes of p(x).
p(0) = 0 ⇒ (0)3 + (0)2 – a × 0 + b = 0 ⇒ b = 0
and p(1) = 0 ⇒ 13 + (1)2 – a × 1 + b = 0 ⇒ 2–a+0=0 ⇒ a=2
2
36 Find the value of m if polynomial p(x) = 4x – 6x – m is exactly divisible by x – 3.
ANS: p(x) = 4x2 – 6x – m is exactly divisible by x – 3
x = 3 is a zero of p(x) ⇒ p(3) = 0
⇒ 4(3)2 – 6 × 3 – m = 0
36 – 18 – m ⇒ m = 18
37 For what value of k, is 3 a zero of the polynomial 2x2 + x + k ?
ANS: Since 3 is a zero of the polynomial 2x2 + x + k
p(3) = 0 ⇒ p(x) = 2x2 + x + k
⇒ p(3) = 2(3)2 + 3 + k
⇒ 0 = 18 + 3 + k ⇒ k = – 21
38 Find the zeroes of p(x) = 4x2 + 24x + 36 quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and their coefficients.
ANS: p(x) = 4x2 + 24x + 36
For zeroes, p(x) = 0
⇒ 4x2 + 24x + 36 = 0 ⇒ 4(x2 + 6x + 9) = 0
⇒ 4(x2 + 3x + 3x + 9) = 0 ⇒ (x + 3) (x + 3) = 0
⇒ x + 3 = 0 or x + 3 = 0 ⇒ x = –3, x = –3
Zeroes are –3, –3. Now a = 4, b = 24, c = 36
Sum of zeroes = –3 + (–3) = –6
⇒ Sum of zeroes =
Also,
and Product of zeroes = (–3) × (–3) = 9
Product of zeroes =
39 Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are –9 and .
ANS: Sum of zeroes =
Product of zeroes =
Quadratic polynomial = x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes
( )
40 Sum and product of zeroes of quadratic polynomial are 5 and 17 respectively. Find the
polynomial
ANS: Quadratic Polynomial = x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes = x2 – 5x + 17
41 If the product of the zeroes of the polynomial ax2 – 6x – 6 is 4, then find the value of a.
Also find the sum of zeroes of the polynomial.
ANS: p(x) = ax2 – 6x – 6
Product of zeroes = 4
⇒ ⇒
( )
Now sum of zeroes =
43 If α, β are the zeroes of a polynomial, such that α + β = 6 and αβ = 4, then write the
polynomial.
ANS: α, β are the zeroes of a polynomial.
Sum of zeroes, S = α + β = 6, product of zeroes, P = αβ = 4
The required polynomial g(x) is given by
g(x) = k(x2 – Sx + P)
g(x) = k(x2 – 6x + 4) where k is any non zero real number
44 Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum of whose zeroes is 0 and one zero is 5.
ANS: Let zeroes are α and β.
⇒ α + β = Sum of zeroes
⇒ α + β = 0 ⇒ 5 + β = 0 ⇒ β = –5
Now product of zeroes = αβ = 5 × (–5) = –25
Let polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c = ( )
∴ α+β=0= = –25
∴ a = 1, b = 0, c = –25 Hence, p(x) = k(x2 – 25)
45 Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 3 and –5.
ANS: Zeroes are 3 and – 5.
S = Sum of zeroes = 3 + (–5) = –2
P = Product of zeroes = 3 × (–5) = –15
Quadratic polynomial
p(x) = x2 – (S) x + P = x2 + 2x – 15
46 Find a quadratic polynomial whose one zero is 5 and product of zeroes is 30.
ANS: One zero = 5, P = Product of zeroes = 30
∴ Other zero = =6
∴ Sum of zeroes, S = 5 + 6 = 11
Quadratic polynomial
p(x) = x2 – (S) x + P p(x) = x2 – 11x + 30
47 Find a quadratic polynomial whose one zero is 7 and sum of zeroes is –18.
ANS: One zero = 7, S = Sum of zeroes = – 18
∴ Other zero = – 18 – 7 = – 25
∴ Product of zeroes = P = 7 × (– 25) = –175
Quadratic polynomial
p(x) = x2 – (S)x + P = x2 – (–18)x – 175 = x2 + 18x – 175
48 If one root of the quadratic polynomial 2x2 – 3x + p is 3, find the other root. Also, find the
value of p.
ANS: 3 is a root (zero) of p(x)
2
2(3) – 3 × 3 + p = 0
⇒ 18 – 9 + p = 0 ⇒ p = – 9 Now p(x) = 2x2 – 3x – 9 = 2x2 – 6x + 3x – 9
= 2x(x – 3) + 3(x – 3) = (x – 3) (2x + 3)
For roots of polynomial, p(x) = 0 ⇒ (x – 3) (2x + 3) = 0
⇒ x = 3 or x = , Other root =
49 Verify whether 2, 3 and are the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = 2 – 11x2 + 17x – 6.
ANS: p(x) = 2x3 – 17x2 + 17x – 6
When x = 2
p(2) = 2 × 23 – 17 × 22 + 17 × 2 – 6 = 16 – 68 + 34 – 6 = – 24 ≠ 0
x = 2 is not a zero of p(x)
When x = 3
p(3) = 2(3)3 – 17 × (3)2 + 17 × 3 – 6 = 54 – 153 + 51 – 6 = – 54 ≠ 0
x = 3 is not a zero of p(x)
When x = ½
x = ½ a zero of p(x)
50 Given that x – √ is factor of the polynomial x – 3 √ x2 – 5x + 15√ , find all the zeroes
3
of the polynomial.
p(x) = x3 – 3 √ x2 – 5x + 15√
Since x – √ is a factor of p(x).
For other factor
Other factor = x2 – 2√ x – 15
For other zeroes, x2 – 2√ x – 15 = 0
x2 – 3√ x + √ x – 15 = 0
x(x – 3√ ) + √ (x – 3√ ) = 0
(x – 3√ )(x + √ ) = 0
x = 3√ , x = –√
All zeroes of p(x) are √ , 3√ and –√ .
51 If –1 and 2 are two zeroes of the polynomial 2x3 – x2 – 5x – 2, find its third zero.
– 1 and 2 are zeroes of p(x) = 2x3 – x2 – 5x –2
{x – (–1)} (x – 2) = x2 – x – 2 is a factor of p(x)
For other zeroes 2x + 1 = 0 x=
Other zero =
TRY YOURSELF
52 If and are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ( ) 4 – – , then find the
value of
i) ii) iii) iv)
v) vi) vii) viii)
ix) x) xi) xii)
( )
53 Find all the zeroes of the polynomial – , if two of its zeroes are
√ √ .
54 Find all the zeroes of the polynomial – , if two of its zeroes are
√ √ .
55 Find all the zeroes of the polynomial + if two of its zeroes
are √ and √ .
56 If and are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ( ) – then find a
57 If and are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 3 – 2, then find a
quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are ___.
58 Form a quadratic polynomial, one of whose zeroes is √ and the sum of the zeroes is
4.
59 Form a quadratic polynomial with rational coefficient and one of whose zeroes is √ .
60 Find the condition on a, b and c so that one zero of is double the other
zero.
61 If and are the zeroes of the polynomial ,find the value of
( ) ( ) (ANS: )
64 Find all the zeroes of the polynomial , if two of its zeroes are √
and √ .
65 Find a cubic polynomial whose zeroes are 3, 5 and –2.
SUJITHKUMAR KP