Name : Elsa Mutiara

SRN : 6411418062
Class : 5E – Occupational Safety and Health

RESUME ABOUT NOISE

Industrialization will always be followed by the application of high technology, the use
of more complex materials and equipment, but often have bad consequences for both humans
and the environment. In the workplace, there are several hazards that affect the work
environment, such as physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychological factors.
Noise is a source of danger from physical factors in the workplace, which sources of
danger need to be controlled in order to create a work environment that is healthy, safe,
comfortable and productive for workers.

Definition of Noise
Noise problem is not only a problem at work, but also around us such as the sound of
airplanes, gun sounds, etc. The definition of noise is an unwanted sound or sound that is
disruptive and reduces one's hearing power (WHS, 1993). How can our ears hear? The ear is
divided into 3 parts:

 Outside Part
 Middle Part
 The Inside Part

The sound that is picked up by the ear lobe flows through the ear canal to the eardrum.
The eardrum is a thin membrane covered with skin, which separates the middle ear from the
outer ear. Sound vibrations are transmitted from the auditory bone in the middle ear to the
oval window in the inner ear causing vibrations of fluid and hair cells. Different hair cells
respond to different sound frequencies and turn them into nerve waves.
These nerve waves then travel along the auditory nerve fibers which will carry them to
the brain. The vibrations from the eardrum are mechanically amplified by the bones and
transmitted to the oval window. The frequency range of sound that can be heard by the
human ear is roughly from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz at typical amplitudes with varying variations
in the response curve. Very loud noises cause damage to hair cells, because damaged hair
cells can no longer grow, progressive hair cell damage and hearing loss can occur.

Noise Type
1. Continuous noise (continuous) such as engine noise, fan, etc.
2. Intermittent noise that occurs not continuously, such as traffic noise, airplane sound
3. Impulsive noise which has a sound pressure change exceeding 40 dB in a fast time so
as to startle the listener such as the sound of guns, firecrackers, etc.
4. Repetitive impulsive noise that occurs repeatedly in the same period as the sound of a
forging engine.

The effects of noise on labor are as follows:

1. Physiological disorders
Disorders can include increased blood pressure, pulse and can cause pallor and
sensory disturbances
2. Psychological disorders
Psychological problems in the form of discomfort, lack of concentration, emotions
etc.
3. Communication disorders
Communication disturbances can cause work disruption, and can even result in
accidents because you cannot hear any danger signs or signals.
4. Hearing loss (Deafness)
It is the most serious disorder because its effects can cause hearing loss. This
hearing loss is progressive but if not controlled it can cause permanent deafness.
5. Limits of noise levels that can cause hearing loss
 The noise level limitation is divided into 2, namely for environments with 24 hours
of exposure which we know as Environmental Quality Standards and for workplaces
with an exposure time of 8 hours of work or the Threshold Value (NAV).

The table below is the environmental quality standard according to the Minister of
Environment Decree No. 48 of 1996

The table below is Noise NAV according to Permenaker No. 13 / Men / X / 2011

Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is a decrease in sensorineural hearing that is

initially not realized, because it has not interfered with daily speech. Cochlear-type
sensorineural hearing loss in both ears. The factor of length of exposure, noise intensity, age
and other factors will affect the hearing loss. The factor that accelerates the NIHL is the
exposure to noise intensity that exceeds the TLV (> 85 dbA for 8 hours).
NIHL cannot be cured but can be prevented, therefore workplaces that exceed NAB must
implement a Hearing Conservation Program (HCP). The Hearing Conservation Program
includes:

1. Noise Monitoring
2. Audiometry Test
3. Noise Control
4. Personal Protective Equipment
5. Motivation Training
6. Maintenance of records

Noise Monitoring

The measuring instrument for measuring noise in the workplace is the Sound Level
Meter (SLM) and for personal monitoring the Noise Dosimeter is used.

Sound Level Meter

Noise Dosimeter

Before taking measurements, the first thing that must be done is to identify the hazards in
the work area if there are sources of danger from machines or work activities that can cause
noise, you can also do a Work Through Survey, which is a survey to the work place and
identification of hazards.
The next step to measure noise with SLM, it is necessary to know that noise is to use the
logarithmic function, because the human hearing range is very wide with the desible unit
(db).
Perform periodic measurements both in the workplace and in personal monitoring, compare
the measurement data with a Threshold Value.

Audiometric / Hearing Test

If the measurement results at work show that the noise intensity exceeds the NAV, then
do an audiometric test on the employees at least once a year.
Audiometry tests must also be carried out on new employees / rotations / transfers before
being assigned to areas with high noise intensity.
The target of the audiometry test is to check for perceptual, conduction or mixed hearing loss.

Noise Control
Effective steps to prevent hearing loss are controlling the source of the danger by
eliminating, substituting, engineering, administering. At the planning / engineering stage
make sure to choose equipment with the lowest noise effect, machines with high noise
intensity away from areas where there are many workers. If the machine is still noisy, install
a barrier, install a damper if necessary, the total enclosure / partial enclosure. The
Administration Stage can do the following:
- Treat the area as a restricted area, accessible only to trained personnel, using hearing
protection equipment
- Setting the work schedule according to NAV, for example 85 dBA works for 8 hours,
88 dBA works for 4 hours, etc.

Personal Protective Equipment / Hearing Protection Equipment

The use of hearing protection equipment is the last resort in efforts to prevent hearing loss,
there are 2 types, namely Ear Plug and Ear Muff.

Motivation Training
Provide an explanation to employees about the effects of noise and how to prevent it,
prove that no one is immune to noise by providing data on audiometric medical records and
work area measurement data. Visualization method training is an effective way to explain to
employees.

Maintenance Notes
Maintain work area measurement data, employee audiometric tests and periodic
evaluations. Make technical efforts for work areas where noise levels exceed TLV.