UNIT-1

1. Explain the Amplitude Modulation (Standard AM) with necessary waveforms,

mathematical equations, time - frequency analysis (Spectrum).
2. Define modulation index. Derive the expression in terms of max and min values.
3. Derive the power relations of AM and its efficiency.
4. Explain the AM generation (modulation) and detection.
5. Explain DSB - SC with necessary waveforms, mathematical equations, time - frequency
analysis (Spectrum).
6. Explain the DSB - SC generation (modulation) and detection.
7. Explain SSB - SC with necessary waveforms, mathematical equations, time - frequency
analysis (Spectrum).
8. Explain the VSB - SC generation (modulation) and detection.
9. Explain the VSB - SC generation (modulation) and detection.
10. Compare AM, DSB-SC, SSB - SC, VSB - SC.
11. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of AM, DSB -SC, SSB-SC and VSB - SC.

UNIT-2
1. Explain the principle of angle modulation.  [JNTU: Nov.-15,10 M] OR Derive expression
for angle modulated from  fundamentals. [JNTU: Dec.-04, Marks 5] 
2. Give the relationship between phase and  frequency modulation techniques with suitable 
expressions and sketch the modulated outputs of  both the techniques for sinusoidal
modulating  signal. Choose any carrier signal.  [JNTU: May-04, Marks 5] 
3. Derive the expression for the spectrum of a FM signal with single tone modulation. 
[JNTU: March-16, 17, Dec.-11, 16, Marks 10]  OR What is frequency deviation? Define
modulation index in FM. [JNTU: Nov.-15, March-16, 17, Marks 2]  OR Define
modulation index and bandwidth of FM. [JNTU: May-19, Marks 2] OR Formulate the
equation for FM wave. Define  modulation index and maximum deviation of a FM 
signal.
4. A sinusoidal modulating wave of amplitude  5 V and frequency 1 kHz is applied to a
frequency  modulator. The frequency sensitivity of the  modulator is 50 Hz/V. The carrier
frequency is  100 kHz.  Calculate: a) The frequency deviation,  b) Modulation index.  
5. An FM transmitter has rest frequency  fc = 94 MHz and a deviation sensitivity  k1 = 5
kHz/V. Determine the frequency deviation  for a modulating signal = 4Vp.  [JNTU: Feb.-
10, Marks 8] 
6. For a given input signal, an FM broadcast  transmitter has a frequency deviation   f = 40
kHz. Determine the frequency deviation  if the amplitude of the modulating signal
increases  by a factor of 4.3. [JNTU [H]: Feb.-10, Marks 8] 
7.  A single-tone modulating signal  cos (10 10 t)  3   frequency modulates a carrier of  10
MHz and produces a frequency deviation of  75 kHz. Find i) The modulation index and 
ii) Phase deviation produced in the FM wave iii) If  another modulating signal produces a
 modulation  index of 100 while maintaining the same  deviation, find the frequency and
amplitude of the  modulating signal, assuming k f = 10 kHz/V.  [JNTU: May-09, 16,
Marks 10] 
8. Derive the expression for FM wave in terms of its Bessel function and explain it.  
[JNTU: Dec.-05, Marks 5]  OR State Carson's rule for determining the bandwidth for an
angle modulated wave and explain clearly the  effect of the modulation index on
bandwidth.  [JNTU: May-04, Dec.-16, Marks 5]  OR Explain how FM signal is detected
with the help of PLLs. [JNTU: Dec.-18, Marks 5]  OR Define bandwidth of FM signal.
[JNTU: May-19, Marks 2] 
9. Compute the bandwidth requirement for the transmission of FM signal having a
frequency deviation  75 kHz and an audio bandwidth of 10 kHz. What will be the change
in the bandwidth, if modulating  frequency is double? Determine the bandwidth when
modulating signal amplitude is also doubled.  [JNTU: Dec.-04, May-07, 08, Marks 4,
Sept.-07, 08, April-10, Marks 8] 
10. In an FM system, if mf is doubled by having the modulating frequency, what will be the
effect on the  maximum deviation? [JNTU: Dec.-18, Marks 3] 
11. A carrier is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal modulating of frequency 2 kHz,
resulting in a  frequency deviation of 5 kHz. What is the bandwidth occupied by the
modulated waveform? The amplitude  of the modulating sinusoid is increased by a factor
2 and its frequency lowered by 500 Hz. What is the new  bandwidth? [JNTU: Dec.-16,
Marks 5] 
12. Determine the bandwidth occupied by a sinusoidally frequency modulated carrier for
which the  modulation index is 2.4 and modulating signal frequency is 3 kHz. [JNTU:
Sept.-07, Marks 4] 
13. Compare FM and AM
14. Write short notes on pre-emphasis and de-emphasis
15. What is Narrowband FM. How to generate NBFM.
16. What is Wideband FM. How to generate WBFM.
17. Explain the balanced slope detector and PLL FM demodulation schemes.

UNIT-3
1. Explain the concept of low level modulation and high level modulation  and compare
them.
2. Describe AM transmitters. What are the changes to be made to work like a high level
transmitter?  [JNTU: May-09, Feb.-10, Marks 16] 
3. Draw and explain the block diagram of AM  broadcast transmitter.  
4. Draw and explain the block diagram of FM  transmitter.  
5. Explain the working of TRF receiver with the help of block diagram.  List the
advantages.[JNTU: Sept.-07, 08, March-17, April-18, May-08, 16, Marks 5] 
 6. Draw the block diagram of a super heterodyne receiver and explain the operation of each
stage of the  receiver. List the advantages.[JNTU [H]: Dec.-11, 14, March-16, May-19,
Marks 10] 
7. Explain the terms i) Sensitivity ii) Selectivity  iii) Fidelity iv) Image frequency.  [JNTU:
Dec.-18, May-19, Marks 3] 
8. Draw and explain superheterodyne FM  receiver. 
9. Explain about (i). AGC   (ii). Amplitude limiter  (iii). Frequency changing and tracking  
(iv). Intermediate frequency    (v). Image frequency
10. In a broadcast super heterodyne receiver  having no RF amplifier, the loaded Q of the 
antenna coupling circuit is 100. If the IF  frequency is 455 kHz, determine the image 
frequency and its rejection ratio for running at  1 MHz station. [JNTU: May-16, Marks
5] 
11. The RF, local oscillator and IF frequencies of  an AM receiver are 800 kHz, 1255 kHz
and  455 kHz respectively:  i) Determine image frequency.  ii) Image frequency rejection
ratio for a loaded Q  of 120. [JNTU [H]: May-09, Marks 8] 
 
12. In a broadcast superheterodyne receiver  having no RF amplifier, the loaded Q of the 
antenna coupling circuit (at the input to the  mixer) is 80. If the intermediate frequency is 
455 kHz. Calculate  i) The image frequency and its rejection ratio at  1000 kHz.  ii) The
image frequency and its rejection ratio at  50 MHz. 
UNIT-4

1. Explain PAM generation and reception with neat sketches. List out advantages, disadvantages
and applications of PAM.
2. Illustrate PWM generation and reception with neat sketches. List out advantages, disadvantages
and applications of PWM.
3. Illustrate PPM generation and reception with neat sketches. List out advantages, disadvantages
and applications of PPM.
4. Explain the working of FDM and TDM. Compare the techniques.
5. Explain PCM generation and detection.
6. Explain DPCM generation and detection. Write short notes on ADPCM.
7. Illustrate DM and ADM with necessary equations. List out advantages and applications.
8. Drive the SNR for PCM and DM. Comment your answer.
9. Compare the performances of PCM, DPCM, DM and ADM.
10. Write short notes on the non-uniform quantization and companding.

UNIT-5

1. Illustrate ASK generation and coherent detection.

2. Explain FSK generation and non-coherent detection.
3. Explain BPSK generation and coherent detection.
4. Write short notes on principles of QPSK, DPSK and QAM.
5. Illustrate the baseband signal receiver.
6. Derive the expression for probability of error for the baseband signal receiver.
7. Write short notes on optimum receiver and coherent reception.
8. Write short notes on ISI and eye diagrams.