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Retaining Walls: CE 264 Geotechnical Engineering Mark Albert H. Zarco 1 Semester 2019-2020

Retaining walls are used to hold back earth and withstand lateral pressures. There are different types including gravity, cantilever, and semi-gravity walls. Failure can occur via overturning, sliding, bearing capacity failure, or deep-seated slope failure. Factors of safety against sliding and overturning must be checked during design. Proper drainage and filter materials are also important design considerations. Mechanically stabilized earth walls use metal or fabric reinforcements to increase stability.

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88 views18 pages

Retaining Walls: CE 264 Geotechnical Engineering Mark Albert H. Zarco 1 Semester 2019-2020

Retaining walls are used to hold back earth and withstand lateral pressures. There are different types including gravity, cantilever, and semi-gravity walls. Failure can occur via overturning, sliding, bearing capacity failure, or deep-seated slope failure. Factors of safety against sliding and overturning must be checked during design. Proper drainage and filter materials are also important design considerations. Mechanically stabilized earth walls use metal or fabric reinforcements to increase stability.

Uploaded by

Charles Warren Go
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Retaining Walls

CE 264 Geotechnical Engineering


Mark Albert H. Zarco
1st Semester 2019-2020
Types of Retaining Walls
Gravity Cantilever
Application of Earth Pressure Theory

Semi Gravity Gravity


Application of Earth Pressure Theory
Failure Mechanisms
• Overturning
• Sliding
• Bearing Capacity Failure
• Deep-seated slope Failure
Failure Mechanisms
Overturning Sliding
Failure Mechanisms
Bearing Failure Slope Failure
Checking for Sliding & Overturning
Checking for Sliding
• Factor of Safety Against Sliding
∑𝐹𝑅
𝐹𝑆𝑆 =
∑𝐹𝐷
• Passive force is generally ignored in
calculations.
• 𝛿 ′ = 𝑘1 𝜙 ′ and 𝑐𝑎 = 𝑘2 𝑐 ′ (where 𝑘1 and 𝑘2
1 2
generally range from to .
3 3
• FS>1.5 is generally acceptable.
Increasing FS against Sliding
• Increase base width
• Use a shear key
• Use a dead man anchor
Increasing FS against Sliding
• Sloped Heel
Checking for Overturning
• Moments are taken about the toe of the wall.
• Factor of Safety Against Overturning
∑𝑀𝑅
𝐹𝑆𝑂 =
∑𝑀𝑂
• Resultant of bearing pressure should be within
the middle one-third of base width to ensure
full contact of foundation.
• FS>2.0 is generally acceptable.
Checking for Bearing Capacity Failure
𝐵 ∑ 𝑀𝑅 −∑𝑀𝑂
• Eccentricity: 𝑒 = −
2 ∑𝑉
∑𝑉 6𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡
• 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1+ ≤
𝐵 𝐵 𝐹𝑆𝐵
∑𝑉 6𝑒
• 𝑞𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1− ≥0
𝐵 𝐵
• Inclination and eccentricity of loads should be
considered when computing 𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡
• 𝐹𝑆𝐵 equal to 3.0 is acceptable. Settlement is not
considered in the computation of 𝐹𝑆𝐵 .
Checking For Slope Failure
• Compute factor of safety using an appropriate
method.
• Allowable factor of safety depends on
reliability of parameters and consequences of
failure.
Construction and Expansion Joints
Wall Drainage
Criteria for Filter Material
Retention Drainage
𝐷15 𝐹 𝐷15 𝐹
• <5 • >4
𝐷85(𝐵) 𝐷15(𝐵)
Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls
Reinforcements General Considerations
• Metal Strips • Internal Stability
• Non-biodegrable/UV – Check to determine if stresses
in reinforcing elements are
resistant fabrics within allowable limits
• Geogrids – Check to determine if stresses
are within pull-out limits.
• External Stability
– Sliding
– Overturning
– Bearing Capacity
– Slope Stability

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