42 ESci 113: Calculus for Engineers II

Lesson 1.4: Translation of Differentiation

Formulas to Integration Formulas (TDFIF)

Lesson Summary
Indefinite integration formulas are initially derived from differentiation
formulas. It is done by simply switching the inputs and outputs based on the
indefinite integrals being the inverse of derivatives but with a slight difference.
Always add ‫ ܥ‬to the antiderivative solved.

Learning Outcome
Derive integration formulas from differentiation formulas.

Motivation Question
Is it possible to derive all indefinite integration formulas directly from
differentiation formulas?

Discussion
In previous section, indefinite integration was introduced as the inverse of
differentiation. This relationship between indefinite integration and
differentiation is demonstrated by the following formulas.

න ‫ ܨ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ‫ ܨ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ܥ‬

න ݀ ሾ‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ‫ ܨ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ܥ‬

݀
൤න ݂ሺ‫ ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ݔ‬൨ ൌ ݂ሺ‫ ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ܥ‬
݀‫ݔ‬

In Differential Calculus a set of differentiation rules has been repeatedly used

as part of the calculations. Listed in the tables below are the common
integration formulas. How these integration formulas are derived from the
differentiation rules are also shown.

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Table 1. TDFIF for Constant of integration or any constant

Integration
න Ͳ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ܥ‬
Formula

݀
ሾ‫ܥ‬ሿ ൌ Ͳ
Differentiation ݀‫ݔ‬
Formula or
݀ሾ‫ܥ‬ሿ ൌ Ͳ

The formulas above show why indefinite integrals are called as such. Basing
merely on the zeroed term, the best guess of indefinite integration is that it
must be a constant.

There is a way to pinpoint a value for that arbitrary constant. And that is with
the help of initial conditions. These conditions describe the state of the input
‫ ݔ‬and output ‫ ݕ‬values at the start of the scenario of the problem being solved.
This is an example of an initial condition

‫ݕ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ߨ.

More discussion on this topic will be for a later lesson.

Table 2. TDFIF for Identity function

න ͳ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬

Integration
Formula
න ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬

݀
ሾ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ͳ
Differentiation ݀‫ݔ‬
Formula or
݀ሾ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ݀‫ݔ‬

This integration formula in Table 2 may be the easiest one, but also the most
important. It is even the simplest version of the definition of the indefinite
integral.

simplest version of the definition of the indefinite integral

In the next two tables are the third and second general properties of indefinite
integral which were introduced in the previous lesson. The use of these
properties was already demonstrated. Tables 3 and 4 shows how closely they
resemble their differentiation formula counterparts.

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Table 3. TDFIF for General Property Integral: Function multiplied by a constant (k)

Integration
න ݂݇ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ න ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ݔ‬
Formula

݀ ݀
ሾ݂݇ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ݇ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ
Differentiation ݀‫ݔ‬ ݀‫ݔ‬
Formula or
݀ሾ݂݇ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ݇݀ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ

Table 4. TDFIF for Sum Rule

Integration
නሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ േ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ න ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬േ න ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ݔ‬
Formula

Differentiation
݀ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ േ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ݀ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ േ ݀ሾ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ
Formula

The next and last table shows how the Fundamental Integration Formulas are
derived. It starts with the one that we reversed in Lesson 1.1 to introduce the
concept of antiderivatives, the Power Rule. We described what the rule meant
in indefinite integration. In Table 5, the first and second steps of Power Rule
for indefinite integration are shown simultaneously.

The Fundamental Integration formulas are called as such since these

formulas were derived directly form the Fundamental Differentiation formulas.
Do not be confused of the names. These formulas are also referred to as
“basic” and “standard.”

Table 5. TDFIF for the Fundamental Integration Formulas

Power Rule
Integration ‫ݑ‬௡ାଵ
Formula න ‫ݑ‬௡ ݀‫ ݑ‬ൌ ൅‫ܥ‬ ݊ ് െͳ
݊൅ͳ
݀ ௡
ሾ‫ ݑ‬ሿ ൌ ݊‫ݑ‬௡ିଵ
Differentiation ݀‫ݑ‬
Formula or
݀ሾ‫ݑ‬௡ ሿ ൌ ݊‫ݑ‬௡ିଵ ݀‫ݑ‬

Logarithmic Integrals
ͳ
න ݀‫ ݑ‬ൌ Ž ‫ ݑ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬ ,‫ ݑ‬൐ Ͳ
‫ݑ‬
Integration ͳ
න ݀‫ ݑ‬ൌ Žሺെ‫ݑ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ܥ‬ ,‫ ݑ‬൏ Ͳ
Formula ‫ݑ‬
ͳ
න ݀‫ ݑ‬ൌ Žȁ‫ݑ‬ȁ ൅ ‫ܥ‬ ,‫Ͳ ് ݑ‬
‫ݑ‬

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݀ ͳ
ሾŽ ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ
Differentiation ݀‫ݑ‬ ‫ݑ‬
Or
Formula ͳ
݀ሾŽ ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ ݀‫ݑ‬
‫ݑ‬
Exponential Integrals
Integration ܽ௨
න ܽ௨ ݀‫ ݑ‬ൌ ൅‫ܥ‬
Formula Ž ܽ
݀ ௨
ሾܽ ሿ ൌ ሺŽ ܽሻܽ௨
Differentiation ݀‫ݑ‬
Formula Or
݀ሾܽ௨ ሿ ൌ ሺŽ ܽሻܽ௨ ݀‫ݑ‬
Integration න ݁ ௨ ݀‫ ݑ‬ൌ ݁ ௨ ൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula
݀ ௨
ሾ݁ ሿ ൌ ݁ ௨
Differentiation ݀‫ݑ‬
Formula Or
݀ሾ݁ ௨ ሿ ൌ ݁ ௨ ݀‫ݑ‬
Trigonometric Integrals
Integration
න …‘• ‫ ݑ݀ ݑ‬ൌ •‹ ‫ ݑ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula
݀
ሾ•‹ ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ …‘• ‫ݑ‬
Differentiation ݀‫ݑ‬
Formula or
݀ሾ•‹ ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ …‘• ‫ݑ݀ ݑ‬
Integration න •‹ ‫ ݑ݀ ݑ‬ൌ െ …‘• ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula
݀
ሾ…‘• ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ െ •‹ ‫ݑ‬
Differentiation ݀‫ݑ‬
Formula or
݀ሾ…‘• ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ െ •‹ ‫ݑ݀ ݑ‬

Integration
න •‡… ଶ ‫ ݑ݀ ݑ‬ൌ –ƒ ‫ ݑ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula
݀
ሾ–ƒ ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ •‡… ଶ ‫ݑ‬
Differentiation ݀‫ݑ‬
Formula or
݀ሾ–ƒ ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ •‡… ଶ ‫ݑ݀ ݑ‬
Integration
න …•… ଶ ‫ ݑ݀ ݑ‬ൌ െ…‘– ‫ ݑ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula
݀
ሾ…‘– ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ െ …•… ଶ ‫ݑ‬
Differentiation ݀‫ݑ‬
Formula or
݀ሾ…‘– ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ െ …•… ଶ ‫ݑ݀ ݑ‬
Integration
න •‡… ‫ ݑ݀ ݑ ƒ– ݑ‬ൌ •‡… ‫ ݑ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula
݀
ሾ•‡… ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ •‡… ‫ݑ ƒ– ݑ‬
Differentiation ݀‫ݑ‬
Formula or
݀ሾ•‡… ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ •‡… ‫ݑ݀ ݑ ƒ– ݑ‬

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 46 ESci 113: Calculus for Engineers II

Integration
න …•… ‫ ݑ݀ ݑ –‘… ݑ‬ൌ െ …•… ‫ ݑ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula
݀
ሾ…•… ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ െ …•… ‫ݑ –‘… ݑ‬
Differentiation ݀‫ݑ‬
Formula or
݀ሾ…•… ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ െ …•… ‫ݑ݀ ݑ –‘… ݑ‬
Inverse Trigonometric Integrals
Integration ݀‫ݑ‬ ‫ݑ‬ ܽ൐Ͳ
න ൌ ”…•‹ ൅ ‫ܥ‬ǡ
Formula ξܽଶ െ ‫ݑ‬ଶ ܽ ܽ is a constant
݀ ͳ
ሾ”…•‹ ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ 
݀‫ݕ‬ ඥͳ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ
Differentiation
or (i)
Formula ͳ
݀ሾ”…•‹ ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ ݀‫ݕ‬
ඥͳ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ
Proof Let
‫ݑ‬
‫ݕ‬ൌ (ii)
ܽ
݀‫ͳ ݕ‬
ൌ
݀‫ܽ ݑ‬

Multiply Both sides by ݀‫ݔ‬

ͳ
݀‫ ݕ‬ൌ ݀‫ݑ‬ (iii)
ܽ
Substitute (ii) and (iii) into (i)
‫ݑ‬ ͳ ͳ
݀ ቂ”…•‹ ቃ ൌ ൬ ݀‫ݑ‬൰
ܽ ଶ ܽ
ටͳ െ ቀ‫ݑ‬ቁ
ܽ
‫ݑ‬ ͳ ͳ
݀ ቂ”…•‹ ቃ ൌ ൬ ൰ ݀‫ݑ‬
ܽ ଶ ܽ
ටͳ െ ‫ݑ‬ଶ
ܽ
‫ݑ‬ ͳ ͳ
݀ ቂ”…•‹ ቃ ൌ ൬ ൰ ݀‫ݑ‬
ܽ ܽଶ െ ‫ݑ‬ଶ ܽ
ට
ܽଶ

‫ݑ‬ ͳ ͳ
݀ ቂ”…•‹ ቃ ൌ ൬ ൰ ݀‫ݑ‬
ܽ ͳ ଶ െ ‫ݑ‬ଶ ܽ
ܽ ξܽ
‫ݑ‬ ݀‫ݑ‬
݀ ቂ”…•‹ ቃ ൌ
ܽ ξܽଶ െ ‫ݑ‬ଶ
Integration െ݀‫ݑ‬ ‫ݑ‬ ܽ൐Ͳ
න ൌ ”……‘• ൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula ξܽଶ െ ‫ݑ‬ଶ ܽ ܽ is a constant
݀ ͳ ݀‫ݕ‬
ሾ”……‘• ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ ଶ  or
݀‫ݔ‬ ܽ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ݀‫ݔ‬
Differentiation ͳ
݀ሾ”……‘• ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ ଶ ݀‫ݕ‬ or
Formula ܽ ൅ ‫ݕ‬ଶ
‫ݑ‬ െ݀‫ݑ‬
݀ ቂ”……‘• ቃ ൌ
ܽ ξܽଶ െ ‫ݑ‬ଶ

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Integration ݀‫ݑ‬ ͳ ‫ݑ‬ ܽ൐Ͳ

න ൌ ”…–ƒ ൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula ܽଶ ൅ ‫ݑ‬ଶ ܽ ܽ ܽ is a constant
݀ ͳ ݀‫ݕ‬
ሾ”…–ƒ ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ ଶ ଶ

Differentiation ݀‫ݔ‬ ܽ ൅ ‫ݔ݀ ݑ‬
or (i)
Formula ͳ
݀ሾ”…–ƒ ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ ଶ ݀‫ݕ‬
ܽ ൅ ‫ݑ‬ଶ
Proof Let
‫ݑ‬
‫ݕ‬ൌ (ii)
ܽ
݀‫ͳ ݕ‬
ൌ
݀‫ܽ ݑ‬

Multiply both sides by ݀‫ݔ‬

ͳ
݀‫ ݕ‬ൌ ݀‫ݑ‬ (iii)
ܽ
Substitute (ii) and (iii) into (i)
‫ݑ‬ ͳ ͳ
݀ ቂ”…–ƒ ቃ ൌ ൬ ݀‫ݑ‬൰
ܽ ‫ ݑ‬ଶ ܽ
ͳ൅ቀ ቁ
ܽ
‫ݑ‬ ͳ ͳ
݀ ቂ”…–ƒ ቃ ൌ ଶ ൬ ൰ ݀‫ݑ‬
ܽ ܽ ൅ ‫ݑ‬ଶ ܽ
ܽଶ
‫ݑ‬ ͳ ܽଶ
݀ ቂ”…–ƒ ቃ ൌ ή ଶ ݀‫ݑ‬
ܽ ܽ ܽ ൅ ‫ݑ‬ଶ
‫ݑ‬ ܽ
݀ ቂ”…–ƒ ቃ ൌ ଶ ݀‫ݑ‬
ܽ ܽ ൅ ‫ݑ‬ଶ
Divide both sides by ܽ
ͳ ‫ݑ‬ ݀‫ݑ‬
ή ݀ ቂ”…•‹ ቃ ൌ ଶ
ܽ ܽ ܽ ൅ ‫ݑ‬ଶ
Applying formulas from Table 3 on the left side
of equation
ͳ ‫ݑ‬ ݀‫ݑ‬
݀ ൤ ”…–ƒ ൨ ൌ ଶ
ܽ ܽ ܽ ൅ ‫ݑ‬ଶ
Integration െ݀‫ݑ‬ ͳ ‫ݑ‬ ܽ൐Ͳ
න ଶ ൌ ”……‘– ൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula ܽ ൅ ‫ݑ‬ଶ ܽ ܽ ܽ is a constant
݀ ͳ ݀‫ݕ‬
ሾ”……‘– ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ ଶ  or
݀‫ݔ‬ ܽ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ݀‫ݔ‬
Differentiation ͳ
݀ሾ”……‘– ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ ଶ ݀‫ݕ‬ or
Formula ܽ ൅ ‫ݕ‬ଶ
ͳ ‫ݑ‬ െ݀‫ݑ‬
݀ ൤ ”……‘– ൨ ൌ ଶ
ܽ ܽ ܽ ൅ ‫ݑ‬ଶ
Integration ݀‫ݑ‬ ͳ ‫ݑ‬ ܽ൐Ͳ
න ൌ ”…•‡… ൅ ‫ܥ‬ ܽ is a constant
Formula ଶ
‫ݑ‬ξ‫ ݑ‬െ ܽ ଶ ܽ ܽ
݀ ͳ ݀‫ݕ‬ (i)
ሾ”…•‡… ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ 
݀‫ݔ‬ ‫ݑ‬ξ‫ ݑ‬െ ͳ ݀‫ݔ‬
ଶ
Differentiation or
Formula ͳ
݀ሾ”…•‡… ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ ݀‫ݕ‬
‫ݑ‬ξ‫ݑ‬ଶ െ ͳ
Proof Let
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‫ݑ‬ (ii)
‫ݕ‬ൌ
ܽ
ͳ (iii)
݀‫ ݕ‬ൌ ݀‫ݑ‬
ܽ
Substitute (ii) and (iii) into (i)
‫ݑ‬ ͳ ͳ
݀ ቂ”…•‡… ቃ ൌ ൬ ݀‫ݑ‬൰
ܽ ‫ݑ‬ට ‫ݑ‬ ଶ ܽ
െͳ
ܽ ቀܽ ቁ
‫ݑ‬ ͳ ͳ
݀ ቂ”…•‡… ቃ ൌ ൬ ൰ ݀‫ݑ‬
ܽ ଶ
‫ ݑ‬ට‫ ݑ‬െ ܽ ଶ ܽ
ܽ ܽଶ
‫ݑ‬ ͳ ͳ
݀ ቂ”…•‡… ቃ ൌ ൬ ൰ ݀‫ݑ‬
ܽ ͳ െ ‫ݑ‬ଶ ܽଶ ܽ
‫ݑ‬ή ට
ܽ ܽଶ
‫ݑ‬ ݀‫ݑ‬
݀ ቂ”…•‡… ቃ ൌ
ܽ ͳ ଶ
‫ ݑ‬ξ‫ ݑ‬െ ܽଶ
ܽ
ଵ
Multiply both sides by
௔

ͳ ‫ݑ‬ ݀‫ݑ‬
ή ݀ ቂ”…•‡… ቃ ൌ 
ܽ ܽ ‫ݑ‬ξ‫ݑ‬ଶ െ ܽଶ
Applying formulas from Table 3 on the left side
of equation
ͳ ‫ݑ‬ ݀‫ݑ‬
݀ ൤ ”…•‡… ൨ ൌ
ܽ ܽ ‫ݑ‬ξ‫ݑ‬ଶ െ ܽଶ
Integration െ݀‫ݑ‬ ͳ ‫ݑ‬ ܽ൐Ͳ
න ൌ ”……•… ൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula ‫ݑ‬ξ‫ݑ‬ଶ െ ܽଶ ܽ ܽ ܽ is a constant
݀ െͳ ݀‫ݕ‬ or
ሾ”……•… ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ 
݀‫ݔ‬ ‫ݑ‬ξ‫ݑ‬ଶ െ ͳ ݀‫ݔ‬
Differentiation െͳ or
݀ሾ”……•… ‫ݕ‬ሿ ൌ ݀‫ݕ‬
Formula ‫ݑ‬ξ‫ݑ‬ଶ െ ͳ
ͳ ‫ݑ‬ െ݀‫ݑ‬
݀ ൤ ”……•… ൨ ൌ
ܽ ܽ ‫ݑ‬ξ‫ݑ‬ଶ െ ܽଶ
Integration by Parts
Integration
න ‫ ݒ݀ݑ‬ൌ ‫ ݒݑ‬െ න ‫ݑ݀ݒ‬
Formula
Product Rule
݀ ݀‫ݒ‬ ݀‫ݑ‬
ሾ‫ݒݑ‬ሿ ൌ ‫ݑ‬ ൅ ‫ݒ‬ or
݀‫ݔ‬ ݀‫ݔ‬ ݀‫ݔ‬
Differentiation
Formula ݀ሾ‫ݒݑ‬ሿ ൌ ‫ ݒ݀ݑ‬൅ ‫ݑ݀ݒ‬
Rearranging the terms
‫ ݒ݀ݑ‬ൌ ݀ሾ‫ݒݑ‬ሿ െ ‫ݑ݀ݒ‬
Hyperbolic Functions
Integration
න •‹Š ‫ ݑ݀ ݑ‬ൌ …‘•Š ‫ ݑ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula

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Differentiation ݀
ሾ…‘•Š ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ •‹Š ‫ݑ‬
Formula ݀‫ݔ‬
Integration
න …‘•Š ‫ ݑ݀ ݑ‬ൌ •‹Š ‫ ݑ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬
Formula
Differentiation ݀
ሾ•‹Š ‫ݑ‬ሿ ൌ …‘•Š ‫ݑ‬
Formula ݀‫ݔ‬

Example 1.6

Evaluate the following indefinite integrals

ߨ
a) න •‹ ‫ݔ݀ ݔ‬ b) න ͷ‫ݔ݀ݔ‬
ʹ
ߨ
c) ͵ න ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬െ න •‹ ‫ ݔ‬൅ න ݁ ௫
͸

Solution:

The constants can be readily transferred to the left side of the integral sign
(or outside the integral)
ߨ ߨ
a) න •‹ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬ൌ න •‹ ‫ݔ݀ ݔ‬
ʹ ʹ
Except for the variable of integration, the indefinite integral matches on
the of the fundamental trigonometric integrals
ߨ
ൌ ή ሺെ …‘• ‫ ݔ‬ሻ
ʹ
The antiderivative of the integrand has been identified according to the
integration formula. Now to express the general antiderivative or the
indefinite integral, we add the arbitrary constant ‫ܥ‬
ߨ ߨ
න •‹ ‫ݔ݀ ݔ‬ ൌ െ …‘• ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬
ʹ ʹ

b) න ͷ‫ݔ݀ݔ‬ ൌ ͷ න ‫ݔ݀ݔ‬

Using the Power Rule since the form of the integrand fits it
‫ݔ‬ଶ
ൌ ͷή
ʹ
The antiderivative of the integrand has been identified, now to complete
the indefinite integral. Let us add ‫ܥ‬
ͷ ଶ
න ͷ‫ݔ݀ݔ‬ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅‫ܥ‬
ʹ

ߨ
c) ͵ න ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬െ න •‹ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬൅ න ݁ ௫ ݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ
͸
Using Power Rule in the first term
‫ݔ‬ଷ ߨ
ൌ ͵‫ڄ‬ െ න •‹ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬൅ න ݁ ௫ ݀‫ݔ‬
͵ ͸

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 50 ESci 113: Calculus for Engineers II

Trigonometric integral for the second term

‫ݔ‬ଷ ߨ
െ ή ሺെ …‘• ‫ ݔ‬ሻ ൅ න ݁ ௫ ݀‫ݔ‬
ൌ ͵‫ڄ‬
͵ ͸
And the third term fits the exponential integral
‫ݔ‬ଷ ߨ
ൌ ͵‫ڄ‬ െ ή ሺെ …‘• ‫ ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ௫
͵ ͸
Then add ‫ܥ‬
‫ݔ‬ଷ ߨ
ൌ ͵‫ڄ‬ െ ή ሺെ …‘• ‫ ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ܥ‬
͵ ͸
ߨ ߨ
͵ න ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬െ න •‹ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬൅ න ݁ ௫ ݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ …‘• ‫ ݔ‬൅ ݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ܥ‬
͸ ͸

Example 1.7

Evaluate the indefinite integral

ͷ
න ݀‫ݔ‬
‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅Ͷ

Solution:

The integrand almost fits the formula for Arctan indefinite integral except
that there is the constant 5 at the numerator and Ͷ in the denominator is not
an ܽଶ .

Using the general property of indefinite integral on constant factors, we can

factor ͷ out of the integrand.
ͷ ͳ
න ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͷ න ଶ ݀‫ݔ‬
‫ ݔ‬൅Ͷ ‫ ݔ‬൅Ͷ
Multiply ݀‫ ݔ‬with the numerator
݀‫ݔ‬
ൌ ͷන
‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ
Then, rewrite Ͷ in its exponential form
݀‫ݔ‬
ൌ ͷන
‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹଶ

Now the integrand fits the Arctangent integral, where ‫ ݑ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬, ܽ ൌ ʹ, and
݀‫ ݑ‬ൌ ݀‫ݔ‬. Now we use the integration formula to determine the
antiderivative of the integrand,

ͳ ‫ݔ‬
ൌ ͷ ή ”…–ƒ
ʹ ʹ

Then we simplify and add ‫ ܥ‬to complete the indefinite integral

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 For instructional purposes only • 1st Semester SY 2020-2021 51

ͷ ͷ ‫ݔ‬
න ݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ”…–ƒ ൅ ‫ܥ‬
‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ʹ ʹ

Each of the fundamental integration formulas will be discussed in detail in the

next module.

Assessment
Evaluate the following indefinite integrals
ʹ݁ ଶ௫
1. නሺʹ ൅ ʹ –ƒଶ ‫ ݔ‬ሻ ݀‫ݔ‬ 2. න ݀‫ݔ‬
݁௫

3. නሺ͵ ൅ …‘• ‫ ݔ‬ሻଶ ݀‫ݔ‬ 4. නሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻସ ݀‫ݔ‬

ʹ ‫ݔ݀ݔ‬
5. න ݀‫ݔ‬ 6. න
ξͻ െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ͸
‫ݔ‬
7. න ݀‫ݔ‬ 8. නሺ͵‫ ଼ ݔ‬െ ʹ‫ ଺ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳሻ݀‫ݔ‬
ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ

Instructions on how to submit student output

Please see class policies for details.

References and Additional Resources

Edwards, B. H. and Larson, R. (2010). Calculus. Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. 10 Davis

Drive, Belmont, CA 94002-3098

Osborne, G.A. (1906). Differential and Integral Calculus: With Examples and Application,
Revised Ed. D.C. Heath & Co., Publishers, Boston, USA.

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No. CET.ESC SLG20-03