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    Haloalkanesarenespart1 161208113348

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    Sanjay
    The document provides guidelines for exam questions on units 10-13 of a syllabus. It discusses [1] nomenclature and reasoning questions, [2] name reactions and reaction mechanisms questions, and [3] word problems covering properties and reactions of functional groups. It then details the IUPAC and common naming of alkyl halides and haloarenes, methods of preparing haloalkanes and haloarenes, and the nature of C-X bonds.

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    Haloalkanesarenespart1 161208113348

    Uploaded by

    Sanjay
    33 views36 pages
    The document provides guidelines for exam questions on units 10-13 of a syllabus. It discusses [1] nomenclature and reasoning questions, [2] name reactions and reaction mechanisms questions, and [3] word problems covering properties and reactions of functional groups. It then details the IUPAC and common naming of alkyl halides and haloarenes, methods of preparing haloalkanes and haloarenes, and the nature of C-X bonds.

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    The document provides guidelines for exam questions on units 10-13 of a syllabus. It discusses [1] nomenclature and reasoning questions, [2] name reactions and reaction mechanisms questions, and [3] word problems covering properties and reactions of functional groups. It then details the IUPAC and common naming of alkyl halides and haloarenes, methods of preparing haloalkanes and haloarenes, and the nature of C-X bonds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views36 pages

    Haloalkanesarenespart1 161208113348

    Uploaded by

    Sanjay
    The document provides guidelines for exam questions on units 10-13 of a syllabus. It discusses [1] nomenclature and reasoning questions, [2] name reactions and reaction mechanisms questions, and [3] word problems covering properties and reactions of functional groups. It then details the IUPAC and common naming of alkyl halides and haloarenes, methods of preparing haloalkanes and haloarenes, and the nature of C-X bonds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 36

    Guidelines for Units 10-13 of syllabus

    Nomenclature : 2 marks
    Reasoning : 6 marks

    Name reactions : 2 marks


    Reaction Mechanism : 2 marks
    Word problems (conversions) covering
    Properties and reactions of functional groups
    : 5 marks
    • The monohalogen derivatives of alkanes are
    called alkyl halides. Their names are
    derived by naming the attached alkyl group
    to halogen and adding the name of the
    halide. For example
    IUPAC Naming :

    • Here, the monohalogen derivatives of


    alkanes are named as haloalkanes.
    The position of the halogen atom and
    other substituents (alkyl groups) are
    indicated by suitable numbers i.e.,
    1,2,3.....etc.
    Common naming : Alkyl halide
    Haloarenes
    Haloarenes or aryl halides are named
    by adding the prefix 'halo' (fluoro,
    chloro, bromo, iodo) before the name
    of the aromatic hydrocarbon. In case of
    di-substituted compounds, the relative
    positions of the substituents 1,2; 1,3
    and 1,4 are indicated by the prefixes
    ortho (o-), meta (m-) and para (p-)
    respectively
    Nature of C-X Bond
    Most of the reactions of halides involve the
    cleavage of C-X bond. Larger the bond
    dissociation energy of the C-X bond, smaller is
    the reactivity. The bond dissociation energy
    decreases with the increase in the size of
    halogen atom, i.e.,
    C-Cl > C-Br > C-I.
    Methods of preparation of haloalkanes
    From hydrocarbons:
    When pure components are
    needed, they can be obtained by
    fractional distillation.
    From alkenes
    2.By the action of phosphorus
    halides

    Bromoalkanes and iodoalkanes are prepared by the


    action of PBr3 and PI3respectively on alcohols. As
    PBr3 and PI3, are not very stable compounds, they
    are prepared in situ by the action of red
    phosphorus on Br2, or I2.
    3.with thionyl chloride:

    This method is preferred than other


    methods because both the products of
    the reaction (SO2 and HCl) are gases
    and can easily escape leaving behind
    pure alkyl halide.
    By halide exchange
    Finkelstein reaction.
    From silver salts of acids
    Borodine Hundsdiecker reaction

    Chloroalkanes can also be obtained


    by this method by using Cl2 instead
    of Br2, but, the yield of hloroalkanes
    is very poor.
    Preparative methods of
    haloarenes
    1)Direct halogenation of aromatic ring
    4.Balz-Schiemann reaction

    fluoroboric acid

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