Guidance For Deconstruction of Tower Blocks Floor by Floor/piecemeal

National Federation of Demolition Contractors
The voice of the UK Demolition Industry
Guidance for Deconstruction

of Tower Blocks floor by
floor/piecemeal
Foreword 2
The National Federation of Demolition Contractors The principles and procedures in the guidance notes are
(NFDC) is represented on the British Standards Sub- based on the practices recommended by the Demolition
Committee, which prepares the Code of Practice for Code of Practice [BS6187] and Guidance Notes prepared
Demolition [BS6187], and is, along with The Institute of by the Health and Safety Executive.
Demolition Engineers, the voice of the UK demolition
industry. The National Federation of Demolition Contractors is
very grateful for the assistance and advice given by the
Founded in 1941 to help spearhead London’s post-Blitz Health and Safety Executive in the preparation of this
clear-up campaign, the NFDC’s corporate members are guidance.
responsible for more than 90% of all demolition that
takes place in the UK. The guidance is advisory, and it is based upon the
combined practical experience of Members of the Sub-
Today, the NFDC is committed to establishing safe Committee during the past 30 years.
working practices for its members, and to represent
their interests in areas such as training, safety, the It is to be remembered that Clients, CDM Co-ordinators
environment, waste management, industry guidance, and Contractors, must be flexible in their approach in
legislative changes and relevant codes of practice. the light of all the circumstances including the many
variations that can be encountered as a result of the
As a result of growing concern, in respect of design, construction and materials used in multi storey
demolishing multi storey structures of 18 metres and buildings. The guidance is not prescriptive and discretion
above, the Federation has established a Sub-Committee in the application of the Demolition Code of Practice
to produce appropriate guidance for demolition remains with those concerned with each specific
methodology entailing the demolition and/or dismantling project. Accordingly, neither the National Federation of
on a floor by floor/piece meal basis. Demolition Contractors nor the Members of the Drafting
Sub-Committee, individually or collectively, accept any
The Federation have previously published guidance for liability whatsoever for any loss, injury or damage
use of High Reach Demolition Rigs and will consider howsoever caused to any property or person as a result
additional guidance for alternative methods of of the deconstruction of any tower block, nor for any
demolition in the future. errors or omissions that the guidance may contain.
This guidance is aimed principally at Clients, CDM

Co-ordinators and Contractors. However, it is
considered the guidance will be of benefit to all parties
involved in this type of activity.
Details of further NFDC publications are available at

www.demolition-nfdc.com or via:

Resurgam House
Paradise
Hemel Hempstead
Hertfordshire
HP2 4TF
Tel: 01442 217144

Fax: 01422 218268
[email protected]
Contents 3
Section 1 - General
1.1 – Scope of Guidance 5
1.2 – Objectives of Guidance 6
1.3 – Responsibilities 7
1.4 – Health and Safety Legislation 8
Section 2 - Project Planning 9

2.1 – Pre Tender Planning
2.1.1 – Contractor Prequalification and Competence 9
2.1.2 – Details of Structure to be Demolished 10
2.1.3 – Details of Existing Services and Utilities 10
2.1.4 – Details of the previous use of the Building and Site 11
2.1.5 – Details of Asbestos and other Hazardous Materials 12
2.1.6 – Details of Site Environment 13
2.2 – Post Contract Award 14
2.2.1 – Construction Health and Safety Plan 14
2.2.2 – Notification of the Project 14
2.2.3 – Method Statements 15
2.2.4 – Training 15
2.2.5 – Structural Survey/ Temporary Propping and Shoring 16
2.2.6 – Environmental Considerations 18
2.2.7 – Asbestos and Other Hazardous Materials 19
2.2.8 – Services and Utilities 19
2.2.9 – Scaffolding and Protection 20
2.2.10 – Selection and Use of Cranes 22
2.2.11 – Schedule of Conditions/ Dilapidation Survey 24
2.2.12 – Protection of the Public from Nuisance 24
2.2.13 – Site Security 25
2.2.14 – Exclusion Zones 25
2.2.15 – Access/Egress 26
2.2.16 – Fire Plan 26
2.2.17 – Weather 27
Section 3 – Deconstruction Process 28

3.1 – Large Panel System 29
3.1.1 – General 29
3.1.2 – Temporary Works / Propping 30
3.1.3 – Sequence 31
3.2 – Framed System 32
3.2.1 – General 32
3.2.3 – Sequence 33
3.3 – Demolition of Lower Storeys 34
3.4 – Plant and Equipment 34
3.4.1 – Cranes Generally 35
3.4.2 – Tower Cranes 35
3.4.3 – Crawler/Mobile Cranes 36
3.4.4 – Mini Excavators 36
3.4.5 – Skidsteer Loaders 37
3.4.6 – Pneumatic Breakers 37
3.4.7 – 360° Excavators 38
Section 4 – Legislation 39
4.1 – Acts of Parliament 39
4.2 – Regulations 40
4.3 – British Standards 41
Appendix A – Construction Phase Health and Safety Plan Checklist 42

Introduction 4
NFDC WORKING GROUP: SPONSORS & FUNDERS:

John Woodward FIDE C&D Consultancy JCB
Holly Bennett Keltbray Ltd. Sandvik Mining and Construction
Howard Button FIDE NFDC
Terry Quarmby FIDE Dorton Group
Mark Anthony Demolition Publications
WITH THANKS TO:
David Darsey FIDE Erith Contractors Ltd.

William Sinclair MIDE Safedem Ltd,
Paul Brown MIDE Tilley & Barrett Ltd
1 General 5
1.1 Scope of Guidance
 Definitions
 Nature, applicability and status of
guidance
 Limitations of good practice
guidance
The scope of this guidance is to define the roles, This guide cannot deal with every eventuality and
safe working practices and acceptable levels of site condition. A formulation of good practice can
control needed to carry out only be of value where it is applied with careful
deconstruction/demolition of buildings over 18m. planning, competent supervision, control and
monitoring of the works under appropriate
As such, this document should be used purely as a
contractual arrangements. All stakeholders should
guide to the works and is not intended to be a
exercise their own knowledge, experience and
specific method statement and risk assessment for
judgement in all matters.
any particular works. A contract specific method
statement and relevant risk assessment must be Other methods that should be considered when
produced to take account of all of the issues raised choosing the appropriate demolition
within this document as well as the prevailing site, methodology include the use of high reach
environmental and regulatory conditions including mechanical demolition techniques and the
BS6187 Code of Practice for Demolition. controlled use of explosives. These methods are
covered in separate guidance and therefore will
The guidance has sought to avoid being over
not be included in this document.
prescriptive as this might limit the scope for
innovation and the development of cost-effective This guidance note has no specific
solutions. Furthermore, this guide is an enabling recommendations on the type of structures that can
document and does not form a code of practice. or cannot be demolished using the methods
The guidance does not in any way limit the described within this document.
responsibilities and statutory duties of those parties
involved in the design, specification and
deconstruction/demolition processes.
1 General 6
1.2 Objectives of Guidance
 Principal objective is to promote

safety
 Secondary objectives include
understanding of the risks and
responsibilities in development of
appropriate methodology.
The primary objective of this guide is to promote It is recommended that only specialist demolition
the health and safety of all involved during the contractors who are able to demonstrate suitable
deconstruction/demolition of buildings over 18m. technical competence and experience be involved
with this type of work. The factors to be
Compliance with all relevant legislation is
considered are;
essential with the appointment of experienced
consultants, CDM Co-ordinators and contractors to  Previous proven experience in the type of
carry out the works in accordance with the work (size and type of structure)
Construction (Design and Management)
 Experienced management (engineering and
Regulations 2007 (CDM 2007).
site teams)
High rise buildings vary in size, shape and
 Sufficient resources
construction. Together with the additional
(financial/management/operatives/plant and
difficulty of location (e.g. remote or in high
equipment)
density areas) means each building must be
individually assessed and the  Companies training procedures
deconstruction/demolition methodology will  Accident record statistics and enforcement
therefore vary accordingly. These types of history
building present a high risk to health and safety
 Appropriate demolition insurances
and require a high level of competence to assess
and understand the appropriate safe This guidance has been prepared to assist all
deconstruction/demolition method. Previous parties in understanding safe working methods and
experience of dealing with these types of the many variables faced when carrying out
structures should be provided by appointed parties deconstruction/demolition of buildings over 18m.
and advisors from the outset of a project.
1 General 7
1.3 Responsibilities
 Parties involved in the selection of  Responsibilities to be defined

the deconstruction/demolition
 Use of appropriately trained,
method of a multi storey structure
qualified, competent personnel
The Client (usually the building owner) has a duty Duties on clients do not apply to domestic
to appoint a team of consultants one of which will householders when they have construction
be the CDM Co-ordinator. Demolition contractors work carried out.
can be appointed directly by the client or via a
 The designer: should ensure that structures are
main contractor. The demolition contractor or the
designed to avoid, or where that is not possible
main contractor can also be the Principal
to minimise, risks to health and safety while
Contractor.
they are being built, maintained, used and
It is important that contractual arrangements and eventually demolished Where risks cannot be
the respective roles of the various parties should be avoided, adequate information should be
clearly understood with the responsibilities and provided to enable other designers, the CDM
liabilities of all parties clearly defined and coordinator and contractors to be aware of
recorded in the relevant contract conditions. This those risks and to take account of them.
guide does not extend or affect such Design will also include the preparation of
responsibilities and liabilities. specifications – it is not limited to drawings.
Construction (Design & Management)  The CDM co-ordinator: has overall
Regulations 2007 (CDM2007) responsibility for co-ordinating the health and
These regulations provide a framework within safety aspects of the design and planning
which the management and co-ordination of phase. They should identify and collect pre-
health, safety and welfare is planned for all stages construction information, advise the client on
of a construction project, including design, the suitability of the principal contactors
construction, in service maintenance, alteration construction phase health and safety plan and
and demolition. produce or update the health and safety file at
the end of a project.
The Regulations apply to all demolition work and it
is anticipated that the “Construction Phase Health  The principal contractor: should take account
and Safety Plan,” developed by the Principal of health and safety issues when
Contractor, will become the main tool in the preparing and presenting tenders, method
planning and management of any demolition project. statements, risk assessments or similar
documents. The principal contractor also has
The principle duties of each of the main parties to develop the construction phase health and
named in these Regulations are summarised below: safety plan and co-ordinate the activities of all
 The client: should ensure that only competent contractors to ensure they comply with health
people are appointed as CDM Co-ordinator and safety legislation and site rules. Principal
and principal contractor. This also applies contractors have duties to check on the
when making arrangements for the provision of information and training for
appointment of designers and other employees and for consulting with employees
contractors. They should also ensure that and the self-employed on health and safety
sufficient resources, including time, will be issues relevant to the project.
allocated to enable the project to be carried out
safely.
1 General 8
1.3 Responsibilities (continued) 1.4 Health & Safety Legislation
 Contractors and the self-employed: should co- The deconstruction/demolition works must be carried
operate with the principal contractor and out in accordance with all relevant and current
provide relevant information on the health and legislation. As legislation is subject to change this
safety risks created by their work or others and guidance refers to current legislation at the time of
how they will be controlled. Contractors and printing. A summary of which can be found in
the self employed also have duties to plan, Appendix “A”.
manage and monitor their own work to make
Health and Safety Regulations, including the Health
sure that workers under their control are safe
and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, Construction Design
from the start of their work on site. They
and Management Regulations 2007, Control of
should satisfy themselves that they and anyone
Asbestos Regulations 2006 and BS6187: in particular,
they employ or engage are competent and
apply to all aspects of demolition work and are
adequately resourced.
recognised in the applied methodology within this
guidance note.
2 Project Planning 9
2.1 Pre-Tender Planning 2.1.1 Contractors

Pre-Qualification and
Competence
It is recommended that the following minimum level It is essential that works of this kind be undertaken by
of information is included in any pre-tender stage only competent and suitably experienced contractors
health and safety information which the CDM Co- and personnel.
ordinator should ensure is prepared.
Competent contractors must be able to demonstrate
 Description of the works. sufficient knowledge, skill, practical experience and
training.
 Programme restraints and requirements.
A competent person may be defined as:
 Contractual requirements.
‘A person who can demonstrate sufficient knowledge,
 Contractor Pre-Qualification and Competence
skill and practical experience and has received
 Details of Structure to be demolished adequate and relative training.’
 Details of existing Services and Utilities It is recommended that only specialist demolition
 Details of Previous Uses of the Building and contractors who are able to demonstrate suitable
Site technical competence and experience be invited to
tender for high rise deconstruction works.
 Details of Asbestos and Other Hazardous
Materials Factors to be considered for pre-qualification include:
 Details of Site Environment  Track record in successful planning and

execution of work on the size and type of
structure being considered.
 Experience and competence of contractors’
design/management/site team.
 Accident record statistics and enforcement
history.
 Commitment to and extent of management
and operative training and maintenance.
 That full specific demolition, public and
employers liability insurance cover is in place
at all times.
 Policy should be free of restrictions such as
work at height, as some insurance policies
restrict the height a company can operate at
 Health and Safety Policy, it’s monitoring and
reviewing of procedures.
2.1.2 Details of Structure to be 2.1.3 Details of Existing

Demolished Services and Utilities
Sufficient information should be provided to allow All existing services should be clearly identified
a contractor to develop a suitable demolition including building operation and maintenance
method. This should include: manuals (O&M’s) and;
 Original construction drawings that identify  Electricity; underground cables, overhead
the structural form of the building, detailing lines, building supply, meters, ancillary
the nature of the building frame, including equipment and transformer rooms.
any special forms of construction – e.g.
 Gas mains and meters
cantilevered elements/pre-stressed/pre/post
tensioned elements, type of roof and  Oil and other fuel lines
cladding systems.  Hydraulic pressure mains and district
 How overall structural stability is heating systems
maintained [e.g. shear walls, braced bays  Foul and storm water services including
and shear cores]. drainage
 Evidence of any gross structural defects in  Telecommunications equipment and fibre
the building or known major alterations optic cables
since construction.
 Radio and TV cables.
2.1.4 Details of Previous Uses

of the buildings and site
 Identify any previous use of the Where potential ordnance hazards have been
building/site, that may indicate any existing identified, sufficient investigations should be
hazards e.g. contamination, underground undertaken so that tenderer's can be suitably
cellars or voids, tunnels or underpasses. informed of the risks.
 Identify any previous use of the site, which

may give rise to a physical or health hazard,
influence selection of the demolition
method or plant e.g. contamination of land,
underground cellars or voids, tunnels or
under passes.
 Identify the extent to which the facility has
been decommissioned and request a copy of
any decommissioning plan, which should
itself be checked against the current state of
the facility.
 Ordnance
2.1.5 Details of Asbestos and

other Hazardous Material
Surveys should be carried out to identify  Emergency lighting systems (acid battery’s)
hazardous materials, these may include, but are not and smoke detectors (radioactive)
limited to, the following;
Any such hazards should be identified by survey.
Asbestos Only suitably trained and competent personnel
 Lagging to pipes and boilers should undertake this survey work which should
be completed prior to any other investigations in
 Fire insulation order to minimise the risk of accidental exposure.
 Wall boards and partitions The removal of such materials should, where
 Insulation under window sills appropriate, be undertaken in advance of and in
isolation from, any deconstruction operations, with
 Linings to ducts and airing cupboards.
adequate time allowed for removal.
 In room heaters
 Floor and ceiling tiles
 ‘Dry riser’ water pipes
 Insulation within curtain wall cladding
Hazardous Materials
 Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
 Pentachlorophenol (PCP)
 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
 Man made Mineral Fibre (MMMF)
 Fluorescent tubes & bulbs
 Lead paint
Others:
 Used syringes and hypodermic needles
 Pigeon droppings
 Rodent infestation
 Human excrement
 Contamination of air conditioning tanks –
Legionnaires disease.
 Ozone depleting substances
2.1.6 Details of Site

Environment
Sufficient information is to be provided to assist in

the development of demolition methods which
could include the following;
 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to

include details of adjoining/adjacent
buildings, environmental requirements,
working hours, noisy work restrictions,
waste disposal requirements.
 Existence of flora, fauna and ecology and
any requirements for their protection.
 Highways, transportation systems,
watercourses and service runs.
 Crime and vandalism rates in the area, with
instructions on minimum levels of security
(hoardings, watchmen, etc) to be provided
to ensure site security.
 Archaeological requirements.
2.2 Post contract award 14
2.2.1 Construction Safety Plan 2.2.2 Notification of the project
Under the CDM Regulations 2007 the principal The HSE are required to be notified of the project
contractor will be responsible for the development works, via form F10, signed by the client. A copy
of the Construction Phase Plan. of the F10 is required to be clearly displayed on
site.
The Plan will include comprehensive risk
assessments together with detailed method Other notifications will/may include;
statements and programme of works.
Local Authority – Section 80(2) Notice and
Prior to commencement on site adequate welfare Section 81(2) response from the local authority
facilities must be provided. Building/Demolition Warrant for Scotland.
Dependant on the size and complexity of the Any adjoining/adjacent buildings will require
project it is recommended that the contractor notification under the Party Wall Etc Act
receive a minimum of six weeks lead in time. legislation.
Other interested stakeholders may include;
 Utilities
 Police/Fire
 Underground/Rail Networks
 Environment Agency/Scottish Environment
Protection Agency
 British Waterways
 Holders of Wayleaves
 Emergency Services
 Natural England and English Heritage
Further guidance may be obtained from the NFDC
web site ‘clients guide’
2.2.3 Method Statements 2.2.4 Training
Method statements should be prepared for all The National Federation of Demolition
works following completion of an initial risk Contractors strongly recommends that all
assessment and should form part of the demolition operatives engaged in work covered by
Construction Phase Plan. these guidance notes should have, or be under
training to obtain as appropriate.
Method statements and risk assessments should be
communicated to all site personnel as part of a i. CSCS/NDTG/CCDO Certificate of
structured induction process. Photographs, Competence - Demolition
pictorials and drawings can also be an effective Operatives/Supervisors;
way of communicating the safe method of work to
ii. CSCS/CPCS Certificate of Training
the site personnel.
Achievement – Plant Operatives;
It is imperative that all persons receiving an
iii. NDTG Cerificate of Training Achievement
induction to safe working should acknowledge
– Plant Operatives
understanding of the whole process and that this
communication is recorded and retained on site. iiii. NVQ Level 2/3 – Demolition
No deviation from the method statement should Induction training specific to that project must be
occur unless such a change has been amended and given to all personnel before the commencement
agreed by the author or other authorised person. of work on site.
Method statements should take into consideration All demolition plant opertives should be trained
all aspects described in section 2.2 of this and experienced, particularly with regard to the
guidance. application of skid steer loaders and mini breakers
Effective means of communication with foreign working at height.
workers must be implemented. It is recommended that only trained and
experienced operatives undertake
demolition/deconstruction of high rise buildings.
2.2.5 Structural
Survey/Temporary
Propping and Shoring
Structural survey and design works should be Where assessment is required by a structural
undertaken by a suitably qualified and experienced engineer for the design of a temporary propping
temporary works engineer and or an experienced and shoring system to the building floors and or
structural engineer. walls it will be necessary to take account of the
following;
The survey will supplement, confirm and extend
the information given at Pre-Tender stage and  Plant and equipment loads on floors
based on direct observation, testing and
 Debris loads on floors or against any wall,
examination of existing drawings, it will be
including perimeter.
required to:
 Arrangement of the structure and its safe
 Confirm the form of construction.
load capacity.
 Confirm the existing condition of the
 Changing structural form, i.e. from original
structure, including identification of
load path design to one of temporary
vandalism, damage, corrosion, condition of
support, could affect the safe loading
special elements such as pre-stressed/post
capacity of floors.
tensioned elements and changes to the
structure during its lifetime  The structure should be subject to
continuous monitoring during the
 Provide information on the floor loading, to
demolition process to ascertain that load
include debris, plant and other, which may
transfer is occurring as designed and that
be safely carried by the existing structure so
vibration from the works is having no
that any propping arrangements may be
significant effect upon floors below the
designed
working floor or on neighbouring or
 Confirm the size of all elements to adjacent properties.
determine craneage requirements.
 Where lift shafts are used for rubble
 Provide sufficient information to ensure that removal, determination of the need to
the structural integrity of the building is provide external support to the shear walls
maintained in order to prevent an against bulging or fracture should be made
unplanned collapse during the sequence of by the structural engineer
demolition.
 Provide information on the structural
integrity of party walls to determine if
structural support is required to those walls
during the demolition.
 Core tests may be required by the structural
engineer to provide information of the
quality of concrete on the floors and walls
as well as reinforcing arrangement.
The design programme should take into All design details should be passed to site in easily
consideration: understood and clear form (e.g. annotated
drawings) and a feed-back system must be
 The form and condition of the structure.
established to ensure that any deviations found to
 That due care is taken to ensure that no any designs, plans and calculations are passed to
components are unsupported during or in the Structural Engineer so a reassessment can be
advance of demolition/dismantling or undertaken.
deconstruction.
 The presence of post-tensioned concrete
and the possible structural effects
of cutting the stressing tendons e.g. ejection
of tension bolts or anchor blocks
2.2.6 Environmental
Considerations
The pre-tender information must be taken into  Dust Control

consideration when assessing the environmental
Provision should be made for an adequate
impact of deconstruction/demolition operations
supply of water and/or other appropriate
and in determining appropriate methodology.

measures for the suppression of dust arising
It is recommended that effective public liaison is from the works, particularly where local
carried out with all those likely to be affected by water pressure is low.
the project prior to and throughout the works.
Consideration should be given to the
Specific procedure may be outlined by the relevant
monitoring of dust emissions throughout
Local Authority, Client or Main Contractor.
the works.
The Principal Contractor will develop the Site
 Noise Control
Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) which
will normally include any specific environmental Control measures should be put in place to
requirements of the local authority. reduce noise pollution which may affect the
public and neighbours. These may include
As well as the SEMP the Principal Contractor will
appropriate methodology and time limits on
produce a Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP)
the use of plant and equipment.
in accordance with current legislation.
Consideration should be given to the
The production of waste arisings should be
monitoring of noise emissions throughout
controlled to separate at source the individual
the works.
waste streams, with the intent of maximising
recycling and reclamation opportunities Following noise assessments the correct
personal ear protection must be provided to
Due consideration should be given to traffic
all site personnel who are affected by the
management (vehicle and pedestrian) and
works. Appropriate signage must be in
protection of the public for the project duration.
place to alert personnel to the affected
areas.
 Vibration Control
Demolition methodology should consider
vibration caused by the works and
monitoring may be required.
Risk assessment and personal monitoring is
required for any persons exposed to
vibration, on or above that recommended
within the Control of Vibration at Work
Regulations 2005, which could cause Hand
Arm Vibration Syndrome or Whole Body
Vibration Syndrome.
2.2.7 Asbestos and other 2.2.8 Services and Utilities

Hazardous Materials
Prior to demolition a ‘refurbishment and A survey should be undertaken where practical to:
demolition’ survey must be undertaken to identify
 Verify the information given at Pre-Tender
all asbestos materials within the building.
Stage.
Asbestos materials will either be notifiable
(requiring a licensed contractor) or non-notifiable  Physically check and locate the routes of all
(not requiring a licensed contractor). In all cases a notified incoming services to the site.
method statement and plan of work is required by  Physically, check that no unidentified
law and this must be specific and current. Where services remain in the building or cross the
the asbestos is notifiable form ASB(5) must be site.
completed by the licensed contractor and
 Understand the sequences and time scales
submitted to the HSE 14 days prior to
required to safely plan and programme the
commencement of any works.
works (these may include notification and
Other hazardous materials may include chemicals, payment to the utility companies).
pigeon guano, PCB’s, PCP’s, gases in refrigeration
Any live services that are to remain should be
and air conditioning systems (cfc’s), lead and 2
accurately located, marked and protected or
pack paint and galvanised steel. Although these
diverted as necessary.
are not notifiable to the HSE appropriate safe
systems of work and disposal must be prepared to Provision should also be made for temporary
deal with their removal. power supply to the site for the duration of the
works.
This may also include health monitoring for
persons directly involved in the operation e.g
blood lead testing for operative hot cutting steel
covered in lead based paints.
2.2.9 Scaffolding and Protection
Scaffolding and protection is a critical part of the  All scaffolds should be designed by
deconstruction of high rise buildings. Careful competent/qualified scaffold designers who
consideration must be given to the following: will provide scaffold drawings and
 Intended method of deconstruction. calculations. The design will incorporate
(Elevations requiring scaffold and the width suitable and sufficient ties back to the main
of those scaffolds). structure in accordance with the current
British and European Standards and
 Whether or not external access is required legislation. It is recommended that
at each working level (e.g. to demolish demolition scaffolds should contain
external brick wall panels). additional scaffold ties to ensure that the
 The risk presented by falling debris to site scaffold is always tied to the remaining
personnel and the general public. should be structure during deconstruction/demolition
controlled by ensuring the lifts are close process. This will require liaison, planning
boarded to prevent any debris falling down and co-ordination with the scaffold designer
the face of the building. In addition, the and installer. Should banners be required
installation of scaffold fans or protection on the scaffold the scaffold designer is to
gantries should be considered. confirm that the wind loading is acceptable.
 Measures, which can be put in place to  Where scaffold protection fans are used all
control dust and noise such as appropriate boards should be securely fixed down and
sheeting to the scaffold with acoustic any materials on the fans should be cleared
treatments to reduce noise. progressively.
 Scaffolds may include emergency escape The erection and dismantling of all
provision such as external ladder access to scaffolds (including ladder access) should
all levels. be carried out by a competent scaffolding
contractor and will be subject to continuous
 Provision of protection to exposed leading
inspection throughout the works.
edges during partial demolition of sections
Scaffold tagging systems should be used.
to the building/structure.
In virtually all cases the Health and Safety
 Provision of boarding up external openings
risks, will dictate the use of scaffolding
in order to contain dust and debris.
with sheeting prior to and during
 The design of exclusion zones to areas deconstruction/demolition. If a total
where large plant are operating is sufficient enclosure of the scaffold is not to be
to allow the safe operation of that plant. employed, careful planning and execution
of the works will be required to ensecure
 Edge protection around openings created
safe edge protection is fitted and effective
during demolition such as drop zones, well
at all times. Neither, personnel, tools, or
holes, lift shafts, stairwells and the like.
materials should be at risk of falling.
In addition to guidance given by British  A systematic and safe programme for

Standards, the HSE, Professional Bodies dismantling the scaffold should be arranged
and applicable Trade Associations for to coincide with removal of the structure
general scaffolding, the following points being dismantled. A maximum of 2 lifts
should be taken into consideration in the should remain above the floor being
planning and design of demolition scaffolds removed.
on multi storey structures.
 Guardrails and toe boards should protect all
 Risks assessments should establish the openings and edges, including those which
necessity of Reinforced Plastic Sheeting or are created at stairs, floors and lift shafts.
otherwise. It is considered best practice not
 Where it is not possible for all or any of the
to utilise debris netting at high levels on
requirements for guardrails or toe boards,
demolition projects, RPS that is airflow will
other forms of protection will be needed.
alleviate some problems associated with
high wind pressures. Standard RPS may be  Where lift shafts are used for tipping
used at lower levels to lessen the spread of materials, further substantial protection
dust and debris. In all cases the RPS must should be provided when using mechanical
be overlapped to ensure debris containment. methods. The bottom of the lift shaft
All aspects of design must be supported by should be regularly cleared to prevent
drawings and calculations, which are lateral pressure against the shaft walls.
clearly understood by site personnel. An exclusion zone should be maintained
 If reinforced plastic sheeting RPS or during tipping activities and clearly
tarpaulins etc. are used at higher levels it indicated in the method statement. A safe
will subject the scaffold to wind loading. working system must be implemented for
Therefore the scaffold design must personnel undertaking the clearance of
take account of this factor. debris at the bottom of the lift shaft.
 Provision should be made on scaffold

platforms to prevent small sized debris
from falling to lower levels.
 Flame retardant RPS is available, and
should be used where hot cutting is
employed.
 Protection of personnel and the public at
ground level and of personnel at heights
must be a priority. External, independent
tied, tube and fitting scaffolding is preferred
and will provide safe access for breaking
out joints between pre-cast wall units,
external brick wall panels and a safe means
of supporting protective screens.
2.2.10 Selection and Use

of Cranes
Crane types can vary from telescopic, crawler and Where telescopic and crawler cranes are used the
tower and a project may require the use of more ground conditions must be suitable to remain
than one type of crane. All craneage works are stable during the works. This may include
subject to LOLER Regulations and as such all lifts designed extra strengthening to distribute the load
have to be planned and the lift plan produced by a which must be checked by a structural engineer.
suitably qualified Appointed Person. All slinging Particular consideration must be given to
must be carried out by trained, competent and underground services, voids, basements and the
authorised slingers experienced in the type of like.
lifting operation required. Emergency procedures
Consideration must be given to the lifting capacity
must be in place prior to any lift taking place.
of the crane to prevent potential overturn and
Crane selection will take account of the location, collapse. Account must be given to the lifting
lifting radii, size and centre of gravity of the load, hook and chain etc as this must be included in the
adjacent buildings, proximity hazards and others. weight to be lifted.
It is recommended that crane specialists are
The height of the crane must allow for the safe
consulted during this process.
clearance of loads over the structure and
Where tower cranes are used the base of the crane scaffolding above the working floor level and the
should be designed by a structural engineer and clearance for slings/chains etc beneath the hook.
constructed to the engineer’s specifications to
ensure stability of the crane at all times. On no
account should old tower crane bases be used
unless they have been checked and approved by a
structural engineer.
Restrictions should be placed on jib lengths to When cutting and lifting during demolition the
prevent loads being moved over public highways centre of gravity must be correctly ascertained and
or adjacent properties. Effective communication the weight of the item to be lifted must be within
between crane driver and the slinger/signaller is the lifting capacity of the crane. To prevent
imperative and it is recommended that a dedicated overturn and collapse of the crane it is considered
crane co-ordinator is employed. Handset radio reasonably practicable to allow spare capacity
communication is recommended in preference to when lifting to allow for errors in underestimating
hand signals. weights. An estimated weight and the actual
weight could be some way apart.
Where more than one crane is employed it is
essential that co-ordination is established and Therefore it must be recognised that if there is an
monitored to avoid crane collision. element of doubt a factor of safety of twice the
estimated load should be allowed for all lifts.
All cranes and associated equipment are subject to
Account must also be made for the lifting hook
regular inspection and testing in accordance with
and chain weight etc.
the manufacturers recommendations and UK
workplace regulations. It is important to establish the position of cranes to
ensure safe working loads are not exceeded.
When cranes are not in use suitable measures must
Frequently, tower cranes are preferred for work on
be taken to prevent any unauthorised access.
high rise buildings particularly in urban and
confined city areas.
2.2.11 Schedule of 2.2.12 Protection of the Public

Conditions/Dilapidation from Nuisance
Survey
It is recommended that pre-contract and post- Attention should be paid to adjacent/adjoining

contract conditions/dilapidation surveys are buildings and their uses, as it is necessary to
commissioned on the immediate adjacent provide protection against nuisance and damage to
properties, roads, pavements and haul routes. these buildings during demolition and dismantling.
These may be distributed to the Local Authority Due consideration must be given to pedestrians
Highways Officers, party wall surveyors or other beneath scaffolding in city centre locations and
relevant parties. allowance must be made for temporary hoardings,
diversion routes, ramps, lighting etc.
2.2.13 Site Security 2.2.14 Exclusion Zone
Site security must be considered on an individual Exclusion zones should be established on site to
basis and is subject to risk assessment. The ensure the public and personnel are protected from
following aspects are recommended to be falling debris. There may be several changes to
considered: the exclusion zones as work progresses which will
form part of the detailed method statement for the
 Site Boundary. Unless the site is secured
works.
by existing structures e.g. boundary walls.
Secure fencing/hoarding not less than 2 An exclusion zone should be established around
metres high is generally required. The the structure: this is the space encompassing the
fencing/hoarding should enclose all demolition/dismantling activity from which all
demolition/dismantling operations with persons, except essential persons directly involved
appropriate secure entrances to prevent in the demolition, are to be excluded. The size of
unauthorised entry to the site. Suitable the area will depend on the method selected, the
statutory safety signs and notices must be risk of collapse and the risk posed by falling debris
prominently displayed. In addition, it is in relation to the predicted debris area. This last
prudent to consider the following; point may be of particular importance where a
sheeted scaffold enclosure is not to be used.
 Security of building/structure out of
working hours.
 Provision of security personnel included out
of hours.
 Entrance gate(s) security.
 Reporting arrangements for visitors.
 Immobilising plant when not in use.
 Provision of CCTV.
 Prevention of unauthorised access to tower
cranes hoists and other plant.
 Scaffold alarm systems.
 Site lighting.
2.2.15 Access and Egress 2.2.16 Fire Plan
Safe access/egress should always be maintained, Precautions should be taken to prevent the risk of
using the existing facilities whenever possible. fire and explosion caused by gas, combustible dust
Materials should not impede safe access and or vapour. The following items should be
egress to all floor levels, including the floor being considered by the contractor and appropriate
dismantled. An alternative safe means of access emergency procedures established and included in
and egress must be maintained at all times for the Health and Safety Plan:
emergency use. A traffic management plan must
 Establish fire assembly points and escape
be created to ensure that pedestrians and moving
routes.
plant and vehicles are segregated throughout the
works. Means of emergency escape from working  Provision of fire fighting equipment at
areas to a safe point should be kept clear of critical locations (appropriate number and
materials progressively. type of fire extinguishers inc’ maintenance
regime)
 Adequately trained personnel.
 Means of raising alarm.
 Evacuation plan.
 Establish correct hot work procedures
including a permit to work system
 Provision of a dedicated mains water
supply where possible.
 Maintenance of the high rise water supply
during any prolonged period of cutting with
gas/oxygen cutting equipment.
 Provision for early removal of flammable
material.
 Falling sparks, from hot cutting, to floors
below and onto debris sheeting
 Floors with little or no natural light may
require emergency lighting.
 Materials likely to release toxic fumes in a
fire should not be overlooked.
These plans would be brought to the attention of all
persons on site via site induction and or toolbox
talks and must be clearly displayed on site.
Directions to the nearest Hospital A&E Department
should be displayed on the site notice board.
2.2.17 Weather
It may be necessary to consider the possible effects

of seasonal weather when planning the works.
Risk Assessment should take this into
consideration.
For example
 Wind speed and direction for lifting
operations
 Inclement weather for personnel working
outside and/or at height
 Wind loading on scaffolding when fixed
with protective sheeting
 Fog for visibility
 Dust and small particles picked up by high
winds and deposited onto adjacent occupied
site areas.
3 Deconstruction Process 28
3.1 Large Panel System
Buildings over 18m are generally deconstructed on

a floor by floor process down to a height where
conventional demolition plant can safely reach and
demolish the lower floors.
The deconstruction procedures given have been
divided into two sections, approximating to the
two broad categories of structure encountered.
These are:
a) Large Panel System precast concrete structures.
b) Framed System (steelwork or reinforced
concrete) with infill panels of brickwork,
blockwork or ‘no fines’ concrete, precast concrete
cladding.
It is essential that the chosen method of
deconstruction is appropriate to the type of
construction and location of the structure and
suitable exclusion zones designed and maintained
in all cases.
3.1.1 General
The use of large precast concrete wall and floor were non existant. The second largest cause was a
units were employed in the construction of high failure of the propping systems either through
rise buildings during the 1960’s and 1970’s. The insufficient props or the inadequacy of their fixings.
system was particularly prevalent in high rise The third largest cause was a failure of the various
blocks designed for domestic dwelling components of lifting equipment, including the
developments. This type of construction used the lifting eyes which were built into the panels.
reinforcement in the connections and cross walls When, floor by floor dismantling procedures are
for framing support. The structures were built on adopted, the afore mentioned factors will clearly
a floor by floor basis and assembled using need to be addressed within the safety method
appropriate craneage. Shear loadings were applied statement to describe the process needed to
via the reinforced in-situ concrete stairs and lift prevent accidents occurring.
cores. Structural integrity depended upon the
panels being joined and secured by bolted and In general, the original lifting eyes and bolts are
concrete grout infill connections which, over the likely to be damaged or corroded and should be
years, have been found to be inconsistent in terms considered unsuitable for re-use. In addition, it is
of quality and must not be relied upon during unlikely that any of the original drawings detailing
deconstruction/demolition. these lifting points will be available for examination.
Therefore, design and positioning of new lifting
The process of floor by floor erection entailed points will be necessary for panel removal.
lifting each unit by the in-built lifting eyes and
bolts. Propping of wall panels was necessary to It is important that an accurate assessment of the
stabilise them in position before bolting and weight of all component panels and of the design
infilling with concrete was completed. of their reinforcement is necessary to ensure that
the design of any lifting equipment and crane
The simple multi-box structure was brought under capacity is adequate for the task.
official and professional engineering scrutiny by
the collapse of a high rise block at Ronan Point,
London. A local gas explosion, within one of the
flats, blew out the walls of the flat thus removing
support for the upper storeys causing a progressive
collapse. As a result of the ensuing enquiry, many
similar buildings were structurally reinforced but
some have remained unaltered. Information
regarding any such reinforcing on subsequent
projects of this nature will need to be ascertained
before work commences.
Numerous serious accidents occurred during the
erection of the structures of which three causes in
particular have been identified. The prime cause of
injuries was as a result of persons falling from
edges where guard rails and toe board protection
3.1.2 Temporary Works/

Propping
The arrangement and design of propping for lateral Where there is uncertainty regarding the structural
support must take into account the floor panels. integrity of the floor and walls immediately below
The latter require support during pneumatic the operational level, it is recommended that at
breaking out from their wall supports. Similarly, least two or more floor levels should be propped
each wall panel should have a minimum of two (structural engineer to advise). During the
points of propping to prevent sudden collapse by breaking back of the upper floor level, edge
twisting or buckling. The props and fixings for protection for the prevention of falls will need to
wall units must be capable of resisting push/pull be considered. The work should be planned in
forces, which occur during breaking out. Diagonal such a manner that no “free” walls are left
props to wall panels are particularly advantageous. standing. Where this is not practical or possible,
additional propping should be provided to ensure
The proposed floor loading calculations by a
stability for prolonged periods or overnight.
structural engineer should take into account the
loading likely to be imposed by plant equipment
and demolition debris and it is recommended that
back propping be provided as appropriate.
3.1.3 Sequence
One complete storey should be removed at a time  Installation of push/pull ropes or diagonal
if and where possible. However, there may be braces to vertical panels prior to chasing of
occasions when the floor removal will need to be joints
staggered to aid demolition. All work at that level
 Removal of panels in sequence working
should be completed before moving on to the next.
towards the stair/lift core (edge protection
This will certainly apply to all precast elements.
must be provided in these areas)
Where cast in-situ areas are established, such as
stair and lift cores, the order of work must be It is recommended that all structural demolition, so
arranged to ensure that edge barriers are far as is reasonably practicable, should be carried
maintained around the areas at floor levels under out by demolition machines working adjacent to
demolition. Typically, works to ready the panels the floor being demolished and with a demarcation
for lifting using mini demolition plant will involve line clearly marked.
the following;
 Removal of complete floor and repeat the
 Remove roof process down to the required level.
 Chase panels to free holding bolts Areas of floor remote from the cores, at the next
level below, may commence whilst work on the ‘in
 Forming holes for lifting
situ’ elements above is being carried out to
The practice of lifting concrete walls and floor completion.
panels by slings and the positioning of lifting
points should be carefully considered in relation to
the original design of the lifting points. The old
lifting points should not be used as their integrity
cannot be guaranteed. The exact positioning of the
new lifting points in the panels and the method of
slinging should be clearly shown in the safety
method statement. Particular attention should be
paid to panels, which have door or window
openings.
3.2 Framed Systems 3.2.1 General
Framed systems can be constructed of steel or Stability depends upon individual elements
reinforced concrete. These may have infill panels consisting of steel or concrete beams and columns
of brickwork, blockwork, no fines concrete or pre- with fixed end connections. Concrete beam and
cast concrete cladding. columns may be pre-tensioned, connected either
by pre-stressing steel or structurally bolted/welded
connections.
Alternatively, the design may depend upon a
concrete or steel core in the centre of the building.
Structural beams extend from the core to the
external columns. The core incorporates lift
shafts, staircases and service risers. Floor
construction and external cladding will vary in
their design.
Floors can be of in situ reinforced concrete, infill
clinker, hollow pot, composite units or precast
concrete units with concrete infill at joints.
External walls usually consist of infill curtain
walling systems. Less frequently, they consist of
concrete panels with window openings
incorporated. Occasionally, some may be of low-
density (no fines) concrete or infill brickwork.
3.2.2 Sequence
 Remove the roof  Operatives working from access scaffolds

will generally demolish perimeter
 Removal of cladding
brickwork panels by hand. All debris
 Divide the structure into panels/sections should be directed inwards onto the floor
dependant on the lift capacity of the for subsequent removal.
crane(s) and the supporting structural
 Columns and beams should be removed in
design of the building. If the survey reveals
a predetermined sequence.
a need for propping, the system should be
designated to support and secure the  Beams should be suspended from a crane,
perimeter floor beams. In the case of flat preferably at two third points along their
slab construction a strip of slab should be length, before breaking away the ends from
left in place to maintain the stability of the column node points and cutting the
perimeter wall panels below. reinforcement. After cutting the
reinforcement, the beam can be lifted and
Where external masonry panels have been
lowered to a designated drop area for
used these should be removed ahead of the
breaking.
floor removal. Operatives working from
the safety of the scaffold should demolish  Columns should be removed in
them from top down, course by course predetermined sequence together with the
depositing the debris on the adjacent floor. beam removal. It is important to note that
before exposing any column reinforcement,
 Cut the floor in panels, working towards the
the columns must be attached to the crane
core, in a pre-determined cut sequence
to prevent collapse. After cutting the
away from the floor area being broken out.
reinforcement the column can be lifted and
Where the crane is to be employed to lift
lowered to a designated drop area for
these sections clear, each panel should be
breaking.
suspended from a crane before exposing
and cutting the reinforcement. After cutting  All debris should be cleared progressively
the reinforcement, the panel can be lifted to prevent a build up of excessive loads
and removed to a designated drop area for on floors and lateral pressure on walls.
breaking. Rubble arisings on the floor Where risers or lift shafts are used to
below should be cleared progressively to deposit rubble down, containment in lower
keep the areas clear and avoid a build up. floors must be provided and exclusion
zones determined and set up at each floor
 Rollover (dropping to next level down)
level (lift shaft doors openings should be
propping of floors must be competed before
sealed where possible).
any heavy plant is transferred to the next
level. Loose debris arising from demolition  Remove core and repeat process down
should be removed via the drop zones or by to the required level.
skips lowered by crane.
3.3 Demolition of Lower Storeys 3.4 Plant and Equipment
Demolition of the lower storeys of the structure The following are indicative of the common items
will usually be carried out by mechanical means. of plant and equipment used for
The level at which the change to mechanical demolition/dismantling of high rise structures;
demolition takes place will be based on an
 Mini demolition machines (including
assessment of:
remote controlled)
 The reach, capacity and operating
 Large demolition machines
limitations of the plant proposed. (See
NFDC guidance on use of high reach  Skid steer loaders
demolition rigs).  Cranes (tower, luffing, crawler and mobile)
 The exclusion zone required for safe  Compressors (breakers, drills etc)
containment of debris.
 Generators (lighting, small tools power etc)
 The proximity of any live or occupied areas
This equipment should only be operated in
around the site previously protected by the
accordance with the manufacturers
scaffold system. The contractor must also
recommendations, by trained and competent
demonstrate an ability to adequately control
operators experienced in demolition operations.
dust emissions.
It is essential that plant and equipment is carefully
selected, of suitable size when working on the
floors and is suitable for the nature of work to be
carried out. The appropriate PPE and RPE should
be worn by all operatives. Careful consideration
should be given to live loads placed on the
structure during the deconstruction process,
particularly where floor integrity may be affected
by the induced weight and movement of plant and
machinery. An appropriate risk assessment must
be undertaken before work commences. Control
measures put into place as a result of any risk
assessment process must be monitored regularly
for their continued effectiveness.
3.4.1 Cranes Generally 3.4.2 Tower Cranes
The choice of cranes available to dismantle any Stationary and rail mounted tower cranes offer the
high structure is wide. The shape, height and greatest control when dismantling. The operator
design of the structure, site constraints and can usually see the load being lifted and can react
economics ultimately drive the decision on the use to hand signals as well as radio directions. The
of a particular type. All crane operations used in choice of jib type, either luffing, swan neck or
the deconstruction should be controlled by a crane conventional saddle may be decided by site
coordinator working with an experienced constraints or contractor preference. Wherever
banksmen and slinger. The transfer of plant from possible, it is recommended that the lowering/set
floor to floor should be undertaken by crane or down area be in clear view of the crane operator at
prefabricated ramps, that a competent engineer has all times. The estimated maximum loads and radii
approved the design of. The use of ramps to be encountered should be calculated and
constructed by debris is not considered best considered when specifying the suitability of any
practice. crane.
One of the most important factors to be considered
in the selection of tower cranes is the construction
of the building and whether it is capable of
offering any support to the mast of the tower
crane. It is generally recommended that cranes
should not be tied into a structure but it is accepted
that in some cases there may be no alternative.
A structural engineer should be employed to
produce a suitable foundation design for the tower
crane. Old tower crane bases, used to construct
the building, should not be used to support further
cranes for the demolition element.
The tower crane will usually be powered by 3
phase electricity and sufficient time should be
allowed to obtain this supply from the electricity
suppliers or a suitably sized generator will be
required.
3.4.3 Crawler/Mobile Cranes 3.4.4 360° Mini Demolition

Machines
Conventional or tower rigged crawler cranes are Mini demolition machines equipped with hydraulic
extremely flexible where site conditions permit. breakers or shears are generally the most widely
However, it is considered that they may be less accepted item of plant utilised when dismantling
appropriate for deconstruction of tower blocks. any high-rise structure employing the floor-by-
Any crane working at the base of any structure floor method. Pulverizing attachments mounted
should have a Falling Object Protection System on mini machines can be useful where noise
(FOPS) Cab. restrictions apply, but can be relatively slower in
operation than the mini/hydraulic breaker
combination. The weight and use of any such
equipment will be determined by the calculated
floor loadings of the structure.
Remote controlled demolition machines, equipped
with breakers or shears, are used extensively in
work of this type as they generally have a greater
break out force than a comparable mini excavator
of the same weight. They also have an ability to
remove the operator from the immediate vicinity
of the machine and work face, thus reducing the
risk to the operator.
Adequate and usually extensive back propping of
floors immediately below the working level will
enable the use of larger equipment, but such
methods must be supported by the necessary
calculations (See Propping).
3.4.5 Skid Steer Loaders 3.4.6 Pneumatic Breakers
The permissible size of such equipment is again These types of hand held tool are generally used
dependent upon the structure to be demolished and when working from external scaffolds and at
the necessary back propping. Skid steers are used particularly difficult locations. Consideration
to clear broken debris from floors, either into should be given to ensure the appropriate weight
skips, purpose made discharge chutes or existing of breaker is employed for the task being
discharge chutes, e.g. lift shafts etc. The means to undertaken. Breaker types should be assessed for
prevent machines falling over a leading edge or their ability to reduce exposure to Hand Arm and
into discharge chutes must be addressed. Baulk Whole Body Vibration to the user.
timbers on the floor together with hand rails or
purpose made steel frames with handrail are two
such systems.
3.4.7 360° Demolition Machines
Excavators equipped with specialised attachments

and buckets are generally used to process and load
away the resultant materials. They work at the
base of tower blocks outside of and within the
working radius of the crane. They should be
equipped with ROPS (roll over protective
structure) and FOPS (falling object protective
structure) with FOGS (falling object guard system)
cab screen guard. The excavator may also be
employed to work alongside a crushing unit to
process the aggregate arisings into a recyclable and
re-usable secondary material.
4. Legislation, British and European Standards
and Health & Safety Executive 39
4.1 Acts of Parliament
This Section lists the principle legislation, British Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974
and European standards applicable to demolition
Environmental Protection Act 1990
operations as this document went to press. It is
recommended that contractors ensure they are
aware of any updates that may have followed
publication on this document. More detailed
information on key issues regarding health and
safety legislation for persons planning demolition
work can be found in the Health & Safety
Executive’s (HSG150) Health and Safety in
Construction guidance.
4.2 Regulations
Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006 Management of Health & Safety at Work

(Amendment) Regulations 2006
Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002
Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992
Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005

Notification of Conventional Tower Cranes

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Regulations SI 2010 No. 333 & 811
Regulations 2002
Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005
Regulations 1992
Construction (Design & Management) Regulations
Provision & Use of Work Equipment Regulations
2007 and Approved Code of Practice
1998
Construction (Head protection) Regulations 1989
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 Occurrences Regulations 1995
Environmental Permitting (England & Wales) Special Waste Amendement (Scotland)
Regulations 2010 Regulations 2004
Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Waste Management Licensing Regulations 1994
Regulations 1991
Work at Height Regulations 2005
Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005
Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare)
Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1992
Regulations 1996
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations 1998
4.2 British and European

Standards
BS EN 12811 – Temporary Works Equipment BS7375 Code of Practice for Distribution of

Electricity on Construction sites (2010)
Part 1 –Scaffolds, Performance requirements and
general design (2003) BS8411 Code of Practice for the use of safety nets
etc. (2007)
Part 2 – Information on materials (2004)
BS5975 Code of Practice for Temporary Work
Part 3 – Load testing (2002)
Procedures and the Permissable Stress Design of
TG20:08 Technical Scaffolding Guidance Falsework (2008)
BS6187 Code of Practice for Demolition (2011) BS5228 Control of Noise and Vibration on
BS5974 Code of Practice for temporarily installed Construction and Open Sites (2009)
scaffold and access equipment (2010)
BS7121 Code of Practice for safe use of cranes: These lists are not exhaustive.
Part 1 – General (1989);
Part 2 Inspection, testing and examination (2007)
BS7212 Code of Practice for safe use of
construction hoists (2006)
Appendix A 42
Construction Phase Health and

Safety Plan Check List
 Scope of works
 Description of existing structures with
existing drawings
 Site welfare arrangements

 Sequence of works
 Setting up sites and site security
 External scaffolding and calculations
 Details of cranes, plant and equipment
 Asbestos and other hazardous material
survey and removal
 Storage of gases for hot work
 Safety requirements, including Risk and
COSHH assessments and resultant Safety
Method Statement to cover:-
 Removal of non-load bearing elements and
fixtures and fittings
 Removal of roof structures
 Removal of existing lift cars
 Removal of partition walls
 Temporary propping of walls panels and
columns
 Removal of external walls
 Removal of floors and propping
requirements for plant and debris loads
Published by Demolition Publications
on behalf of the
Guidance for Deconstruction of Tower Blocks
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF DEMOLITION CONTRACTORS

The voice of the UK Demolition Industry www.demolition-nfdc.com · [email protected]

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National Federation of Demolition Contractors

The voice of the UK Demolition Industry

Guidance for Deconstruction

This guidance is aimed principally at Clients, CDM

Details of further NFDC publications are available at

National Federation of Demolition Contractors

Tel: 01442 217144

Section 2 - Project Planning 9

Section 3 – Deconstruction Process 28

Appendix A – Construction Phase Health and Safety Plan Checklist 42

NFDC WORKING GROUP: SPONSORS & FUNDERS:

WITH THANKS TO:

David Darsey FIDE Erith Contractors Ltd.

1.1 Scope of Guidance

1.2 Objectives of Guidance

 Principal objective is to promote

 Parties involved in the selection of  Responsibilities to be defined

1.3 Responsibilities (continued) 1.4 Health & Safety Legislation

2.1 Pre-Tender Planning 2.1.1 Contractors

 Details of Site Environment  Track record in successful planning and

2.1.2 Details of Structure to be 2.1.3 Details of Existing

2.1.4 Details of Previous Uses

 Identify any previous use of the site, which

2.1.5 Details of Asbestos and

2.1.6 Details of Site

Sufficient information is to be provided to assist in

 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to

2.2.1 Construction Safety Plan 2.2.2 Notification of the project

2.2.3 Method Statements 2.2.4 Training

The pre-tender information must be taken into  Dust Control

and in determining appropriate methodology.

2.2.7 Asbestos and other 2.2.8 Services and Utilities

2.2.9 Scaffolding and Protection

In addition to guidance given by British  A systematic and safe programme for

 Provision should be made on scaffold

2.2.10 Selection and Use

2.2.11 Schedule of 2.2.12 Protection of the Public

It is recommended that pre-contract and post- Attention should be paid to adjacent/adjoining

2.2.13 Site Security 2.2.14 Exclusion Zone

2.2.15 Access and Egress 2.2.16 Fire Plan

It may be necessary to consider the possible effects

3.1 Large Panel System

Buildings over 18m are generally deconstructed on

3.1.2 Temporary Works/

3.2 Framed Systems 3.2.1 General

 Remove the roof  Operatives working from access scaffolds

3.3 Demolition of Lower Storeys 3.4 Plant and Equipment

3.4.1 Cranes Generally 3.4.2 Tower Cranes

3.4.3 Crawler/Mobile Cranes 3.4.4 360° Mini Demolition

3.4.5 Skid Steer Loaders 3.4.6 Pneumatic Breakers

3.4.7 360° Demolition Machines

Excavators equipped with specialised attachments

4.1 Acts of Parliament

Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006 Management of Health & Safety at Work

Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005

Notification of Conventional Tower Cranes

4.2 British and European

BS EN 12811 – Temporary Works Equipment BS7375 Code of Practice for Distribution of

Construction Phase Health and