Saudi Arabian Grid Code

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code
Issue: 01
Revision: 00
May 2007
Prepared by:
Saudi Electricity Company (SEC)
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or

transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without written permission of the Electricity & Cogeneration
Regulatory Authority.
CHRONOLOGY OF SAUDI ARABIAN GRID CODE REVISIONS
Sr.
Revision No. Date Detail of the Revision
No.
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) i

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHRONOLOGY OF SAUDI ARABIAN GRID CODE REVISIONS...................i
FOREWORD ................................................................................................viii
PREFACE.......................................................................................................ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................xi
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CONDITIONS.......................................................1

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Scope....................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Grid Code Implementation and Enforcement...................................................... 2
1.5 Settlement of Disputes .......................................................................................... 2
1.6 Unforeseen Circumstances................................................................................... 2
1.7 Suspension of Grid Code Provisions................................................................... 3
1.8 Illegality and Partial Invalidity............................................................................... 3
1.9 Force Majeure ......................................................................................................... 3
1.10 The Grid Code Supervisory Committee (GCSC) ................................................. 3
1.11 Grid Code Amendment or Derogation Process .................................................. 5
1.12 Communication between the TSP and Users...................................................... 7
1.13 Data, Notices, and Confidentiality ........................................................................ 8
1.14 Ownership of Plant and/or Apparatus.................................................................. 9
1.15 System Control....................................................................................................... 9
1.16 Code Interpretation ................................................................................................ 9

1.16.1 Precedence 9
1.16.2 Glossary and Definitions 9
1.16.3 Preface, Table of Contents, and Titles 9
1.16.4 Mandatory Provisions 9
1.16.5 Plural and Gender 10
1.16.6 Person or Entity 10
1.16.7 Amendment of Standards 10
1.16.8 Figures 10
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) ii

CHAPTER 2 CONNECTION CODE ..........................................................11

2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 11
2.3 Grid Connection Procedure ................................................................................ 11

2.3.1 General Provisions 11
2.3.2 Grid Impact Studies 13
2.3.3 Application for a New, or Modification of an Existing, Connection 13
2.3.4 Processing of the Application 14
2.3.5 Connection Agreement 16
2.3.6 Submittals Prior to the Commissioning Date 16
2.3.7 Commissioning of Equipment and Physical Connection to the Grid 17
2.4 Transmission System Performance ................................................................... 17

2.4.2 Frequency Variations 18
2.4.3 Voltage Variations 18
2.4.4 Harmonic Distortion 19
2.4.5 Voltage Unbalance 19
2.4.6 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Severity 19
2.4.7 Transient Voltage Variations 20
2.4.8 Grounding 20
2.5 Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points ....................................................... 20

2.5.2 Protection Equipment/Schemes 21
2.5.3 Operation and Maintenance Safety Conditions 23
2.5.4 Metering 24
2.5.5 Requirements for Generators 24
2.5.6 Requirements for Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers 27
2.6 System Services................................................................................................... 28
2.7 Site Related Conditions....................................................................................... 29

2.7.1 Responsibility for Operation and Maintenance 29
2.7.2 Responsibilities for Safety 29
2.7.3 Site and Equipment Identification and Labeling 29
2.7.4 Connection Point Drawings 31
2.7.5 Site Responsibility Schedules 33
2.7.6 Access to Sites 34
2.7.7 Maintenance Procedures 34
2.7.8 Site Operational Procedures 34
APPENDIX A2.1: Preparation of Site Responsibility Schedules ...................................... 36

A2.1.1 Principles 36
A2.1.2 Alterations to Existing Site Responsibility Schedules 37
A2.1.3 Responsible Managers 38
CHAPTER 3 PLANNING CODE................................................................40

3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 40
3.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 40
3.3 Grid Planning........................................................................................................ 40
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) iii

3.3.1 Grid Planning Responsibility 40

3.3.2 Grid Planning Process 41
3.3.3 Submission of Grid Planning Data 41
3.3.4 Consolidation and Maintenance of Grid Planning Data 44
3.3.5 Planning Criteria and Standards 44
3.3.6 Grid Planning Studies 44
APPENDIX A3.1: Standard Planning Data........................................................................... 46

A3.1.1 Historical Energy and Demand 46
A3.1.2 Energy and Demand Forecast 46
A3.1.3 Generating Unit/Station Data 47
A3.1.4 User System Data 48
Appendix A3.2: Detailed Planning Data .............................................................................. 52

A3.2.1 Generating Unit/Station Data 52
A3.2.2 User System Data 54
CHAPTER 4 OPERATING CODE .............................................................57

4.1 Chapter Overview................................................................................................. 57
4.2 Operational Demand Forecasts .......................................................................... 58

4.2.1 Introduction 58
4.2.2 Definitions 59
4.2.3 Objectives 59
4.2.4 Data Required by the TSP for Operational Demand Forecasting 59
4.2.5 Transmission System Forecasts 62
4.3 Outage Planning................................................................................................... 63

4.3.2 Definitions 64
4.3.3 Objective 64
4.3.4 Planning of Generating Unit Outages 64
4.3.5 Planning of Transmission System Outages 73
4.3.6 Data Requirements 76
4.4 System Services................................................................................................... 76

4.4.2 Objectives 77
4.4.3 Frequency Control 77
4.4.4 Voltage Control 78
4.4.5 System Control 81
4.4.6 Operating Margin 84
4.4.7 Black Start 87
4.5 Operational Liaison.............................................................................................. 89

4.5.2 Objectives 89
4.5.3 Procedure for Notification of Operations, Events, and Significant Incidents 89
4.5.4 Significant Incidents 90
4.5.5 Amber Alert 90
4.5.6 Significant Incident Reporting Procedure 90
4.6 Operational Communication between the TSP and Users............................... 91

4.6.2 Objectives 92
4.6.3 Contact Locations and their Adequacy 92
4.6.4 Communication Systems and Equipment 93
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) iv

4.6.5 Conditions of Monitoring and Recording Equipment 93

4.6.6 SCADA Systems 94
4.7 Contingency Planning ......................................................................................... 95

4.7.2 Objective 95
4.7.3 Terms and Conditions 95
4.7.4 Demand Control 97
4.7.5 System Restoration 98
4.8 Operational Testing ........................................................................................... 100

4.8.2 Objective 100
4.8.3 Operational Test Request 100
4.8.4 Establishing of the Test Group 101
4.8.5 Operational Test Program 102
4.8.6 Operational Test Report 103
4.9 Testing to Monitor, Investigate, and Verify Performance .............................. 104

4.9.2 Objective 104
4.9.3 Monitoring 104
4.9.4 Investigation 105
4.9.5 Testing to Verify Performance 105
4.9.6 Commissioning Tests 105
4.9.7 Generating Unit Capability Tests 107
4.10 Cross-boundary Safety Assurance .................................................................. 109

4.10.2 Objective 110
4.10.3 The Safety Rules 110
4.10.4 Safety at the Connection Point 110
4.10.5 Logs of Cross-Boundary Safety Precautions 111
4.10.6 Forms for Cross-Boundary Safety Precautions 111
4.10.7 Approval of Local Safety Instructions 111
4.10.8 Safety Representatives 112
4.10.9 Coordination on Safety Matters 112
CHAPTER 5 SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH CODE.............................116

5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 116
5.2 Objective ............................................................................................................. 116
5.3 Generation Scheduling...................................................................................... 116

5.3.1 Scheduling Process 116
5.3.2 Generator Declarations 117
5.3.3 Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters 118
5.3.4 Generator Nominations 118
5.3.5 Communication of Declarations and Nominations 118
5.3.6 The Generation Schedule 118
5.3.7 Issuance of Generation Schedule 122
5.3.8 Negative Minimum Demand Regulation (NMDR) 123
5.3.9 Inadequate Operating Margin 123
5.4 Generation Dispatch .......................................................................................... 124

5.4.2 Dispatch Instructions to Generators 124
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) v

5.4.3 Generation Synchronizing and Desynchronizing Times 125

5.4.4 Dispatch of Active Power 126
5.4.5 Dispatch of Reactive Power 126
5.4.6 Additional Dispatch Instructions 128
5.4.7 System Emergency Conditions 128
5.4.8 Generating Unit/Station Parameter Changes 129
5.4.9 Excitation Control System Mode of Operation 130
5.4.10 Dispatch Instructions for Distribution Entities and Directly-connected
Customers 130
5.4.11 Nature of Dispatch Instructions 130
APPENDIX A5.1: Generating Block/Unit Declaration....................................................... 133

A5.1.1 Availability Notice 133
A5.1.2 Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters 133
CHAPTER 6 DATA AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE CODE ..............134

6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 134
6.2 Objective ............................................................................................................. 134
6.3 Data and Information Categories and Registration ........................................ 135
6.4 Procedure and Obligations ............................................................................... 135
6.5 Data and Information Submissions.................................................................. 136
6.6 Data and Information to be Registered ............................................................ 137
APPENDIX A6.1: SCHEDULE FORMS ............................................................................... 139

Schedule 1: Generating Unit Technical Data 140
Schedule 2: Generating Unit/Station Outage Data 147
Schedule 3: Generation Operation Schedule Data 148
Schedule 4: Generation Operational Planning Data 149
Schedule 5: User System Data 150
Schedule 6: Connection Point Data 154
Schedule 7: Demand Control Data 155
Schedule 8: Scheduling and Dispatch Data 156
Schedule 9: User System Load Characteristics 158
Schedule 10: Fault Infeed Data 159
Schedule 11: User Demand Profiles and Active Energy Data 160
Schedule 12: Data Supplied by the TSP to Users 162
CHAPTER 7 METERING CODE..............................................................163

7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 163
7.2 Objective ............................................................................................................. 163
7.3 Metering Responsibility..................................................................................... 163
7.4 Metering Equipment........................................................................................... 164
7.5 Metering Point .................................................................................................... 164
7.6 Metering Parameters.......................................................................................... 165
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) vi

7.7 Metering Data Storage and Availability ........................................................... 165
7.8 Metering Equipment Standards ........................................................................ 167
7.9 Testing and Inspection of Metering Installations ........................................... 169
7.10 Main and Check Metering.................................................................................. 170
7.11 Timekeeping ....................................................................................................... 170
7.12 Metering Access and Sealing ........................................................................... 171
7.13 Repair and Maintenance of Metering Equipment............................................ 171
7.14 Approval, Certification, and Testing of Metering Equipment ........................ 172
7.15 Meter Reconciliation .......................................................................................... 172
GLOSSARY AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................174
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) vii

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Foreword
FOREWORD
This is the first issue of the Saudi Arabian Grid Code. This work has been
accomplished by extensive efforts from Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) and was
subjected to thorough technical and legal reviews by internationally renowned
consultants including ESBI of Ireland and CMS Cameron McKenna of UK as well as
a number of major Saudi stakeholders and the Electricity & Co-Generation
Regulatory Authority (ECRA).
The Grid Code is designed to indicate the procedures for both planning and
operational purposes and covers both normal and exceptional circumstances. It is
however a live working document. It will be, from time to time, subjected to changes
and/or revisions to reflect stages of development of the regulatory framework of the
industry and changes to comply with legislations and good industry practices. The
proposals for changes will be received by the Grid Code Supervisory Committee
(GCSC). The rules and responsibilities of the GCSC are described in section 1.10 of
the Grid Code. Upon receipt of such proposals for changes, the GCSC will carry out
the necessary process as appropriate to study these proposals and officially prepare
a report of recommendations to ECRA for its approval. The GCSC is a stakeholder
representative panel and its composition is laid down in section 1.10.3 of the Grid
Code.
As a user of this Grid Code, it is your responsibility to ensure that you acquire the
most up to date issue of the Grid Code which can be downloaded from ECRA’s web
site WWW.ECRA.GOV.SA.
This Preface is provided to users and to prospective users for their information only
and does not constitute a part of the Grid Code.
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) viii

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Preface
PREFACE
The Saudi Arabian Grid Code has been developed to define the rules and regulations
for various Participants for accessing and using the Transmission Grid of the Saudi
Electricity Company. The objective is to establish the obligations of the Transmission
Service Provider (TSP) and other Grid Users—Generators, Distribution Entities, and
Directly-connected Customers—for accessing and using the Grid, in specific to: (i)
define obligations, responsibilities, and accountabilities of all the parties towards
ensuring open, transparent, non-discriminatory, and economic access and use of the
Grid while maintaining its safe, reliable, and efficient operation; (ii) define minimum
technical requirements for the Participants; and (iii) set out the information exchange
obligations of the Participants.
Through its 7 chapters, the Saudi Arabian Grid Code attempts to cover matters such
as defining of technical, design, and operational criteria for Grid access and use,
planning for Grid development and reinforcement, System operation criteria and
standards, Scheduling and Dispatch of supply and demand resources, exchange of
data and information, and metering policies and systems to account for the Power
and Energy transactions in the Grid.
Chapter 1, General Conditions, contains provisions which are of general nature and
apply to all sections of the Grid Code. Their objective is to ensure that the various
sections of the Grid Code work collectively and in harmony with each other for the
benefit of all Participants.
Chapter 2, Connection Code, specifies basic principles and establishes a set of

technical, design, and operational conditions for the Users for connecting to and
using the Grid. It also contains information about the performance characteristics of
the Transmission System at the Connection Point to enable the Users to design their
own facilities and schemes accordingly.
Chapter 3, Planning Code, provides a framework for enabling the TSP and Users to
interact in relation to planning and development of the Transmission System and also
specifies the data and information that they have to exchange with each other for this
purpose.
Chapter 4, Operating Code, covers a host of topics relating to proper operation of the
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) ix

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Preface
Grid such as operational demand forecasting, Generation and Transmission

maintenance planning, providing and managing of system support services,
operational liaison between the TSP and Users and coordination of Safety, planning
for and dealing with system contingencies, and organizing and conducting of various
tests.
Chapter 5, Scheduling and Dispatch Code, specifies the responsibilities and

obligations of the TSP and Users with respect to Scheduling and Dispatch of
Generating Units and demand resources and sets out the procedure for supplying of
timely and accurate information by the Users to the TSP, the TSP’s preparing and
issuing of Generation Schedules, and issuing of Dispatch Instructions.
Chapter 6, Data and Information Exchange Code, sets out the obligations and
responsibilities of the TSP and Users in relation to the supply of data and information
to each other, and also lists the various categories of data and information to be
exchanged between the TSP and the Users.
Chapter 7, Metering Code, deals with metering and recording requirements for
Participants and clarifies on their obligations relating to such installations. It also sets
the minimum technical, design and operational criteria to be complied with by Grid
Participants relating to metering and data collection Equipment and installations.
The Glossary and Definitions at the end provides brief definitions and explanation of
the various terms that have been used in the various parts of the Grid Code. These
terms appear in the Grid Code with their initial letters in uppercase.
The provisions of the Grid Code have been organized using an hierarchical list style
numbering system. For instance, the provision numbered as 3.5.2.1, represents
clause number 1 of Chapter 3, section 5, and subsection 2. Similarly, the provision
numbered as 4.5.3.2 represents clause number 2 of Chapter 4, section 5, and
subsection 3.
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) x

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code List of Abbreviations
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A ampere
AC alternating current
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
CT Current Transformer
DC direct current
DPD Detailed Planning Data
(E)HV (Extra) High Voltage
GCSC Grid Code Supervisory Committee
HV High Voltage
Hz hertz
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ITU International Telecommunication Union
kA kilo ampere
kV kilo volt
kvar kilo var
kW kilo watt
kWh kilo watt hour
kvarh kilo var hour
LV Low Voltage
min minute
MVA mega volt ampere
Mvar mega var
Mvarh mega var hour
MW mega watt
MWh mega watt hour
NIOM Notification of Inadequate Operating Margin
NMDR Negative Minimum Demand Regulation
OD Operational Data
Plt Flicker Severity Index (Long-term)
Pst Flicker Severity Index (Short-term)
PSS Power System Stabilizer
PSS/E Power System Simulator/Engineering
PTI Power Technologies International
RMS root mean square
RPM revolutions per minute
RTU remote terminal unit
s second
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
SPD Standard Planning Data
STPM Short Term Planned Maintenance
TSP Transmission Service Provider
U Generating Unit
V volt
VA volt ampere
var volt ampere reactive
VT Voltage Transformer
W watt
Wh watt hour
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) xi

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 1: General Conditions
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CONDITIONS
1.1 Introduction
This chapter contains provisions which are of general nature and apply to all
sections of the Grid Code. Their objective is to ensure, to the maximum
possible extent, that the various sections of the Grid Code work collectively
and in harmony with each other for the benefit of all Participants.
1.2 Objectives
The specific objectives of General Conditions are the following:

(i) clarify on the legal and regulatory framework for implementing and
enforcing of the Grid Code;
(ii) specify the purpose, functions, and composition of the Grid Code
Supervisory Committee (GCSC);
(iii) describe the framework for making amendments to the Grid Code and
for seeking Derogations from its provisions;
(iv) define general rules regarding the communication between the TSP
and Users and exchange of data and information between them; and
(v) specify the general rules for interpreting the provisions of the Grid
Code.
1.3 Scope
1.3.1 The Grid Code applies to the TSP and to all Users of the Grid, including all
persons/parties to whom any individual section of the Grid Code applies. In
specific the following:
(i) The Transmission Service Provider (TSP);
(ii) Generators;
(iii) Distribution Entities; and
(iv) Directly-connected Customers.
1.3.2 The provisions under this Code apply to Users seeking new Connection, or
modification of an existing Connection, to the Transmission System. Users
currently connected to the Transmission System may have been designed to
different standards and, therefore, may not be able to comply in whole or in
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) 1

part with some or all of these conditions. Such Users should seek Derogation
by following the procedure set out in (1.11).
1.4 Grid Code Implementation and Enforcement
1.4.1 The TSP shall be responsible for the Grid Code implementation and
enforcement.
1.4.2 For the above purposes, the TSP may need access to the services and
facilities of Users or to issue instructions to Users in order to implement and
enforce the Grid Code (for example, to isolate or disconnect Plant or
Apparatus, etc.). All Users, therefore, are required not only to abide by the
letter and spirit of the Grid Code, but also to provide the TSP with such rights
of access, services and facilities and to comply with such instructions as the
TSP may reasonably require to implement and enforce the Grid Code.
1.4.3 Each party shall, at all times in its dealings with the other parties to the Grid
Code, act in good faith and in accordance with the established Good Industry
Practices.
1.5 Settlement of Disputes
In case of a dispute between the TSP and a User about any provision of the
Grid Code or any issue relating to that provision, the TSP and the User shall
first try to settle it bilaterally by making all reasonable endeavors for resolving
the dispute. If they cannot resolve the dispute bilaterally, the dispute parties
will proceed to deal with the dispute according to the procedure prescribed for
this purpose in the Electricity Law or guidelines issued by the Regulator.
1.6 Unforeseen Circumstances
If circumstances arise which the provisions of the Grid Code have not
foreseen, the TSP shall, to the extent practicable, consult all Affected Users in
an effort to muster consensus on the action required. If agreement between
the TSP and such Users cannot be reached in the time available, the TSP
shall determine the best course of action. Each User shall comply with all
instructions given to it by the TSP following such a determination provided
that the instructions are consistent with the then current technical parameters
of the relevant User’s System registered under the Grid Code. The TSP shall,
as soon as reasonably practicable following the occurrence of the unforeseen

circumstance(s), notify all relevant details thereof to the GCSC for

consideration as laid down in (1.10).
1.7 Suspension of Grid Code Provisions
The provisions (in part or in whole) of the Grid Code may be suspended
under abnormal conditions or pursuant to any directions given by the
Regulator or the Government.
1.8 Illegality and Partial Invalidity
If any provision of the Grid Code should become or be declared unlawful or

partially invalid for any reason, the validity of all remaining provisions of the
Grid Code shall not be affected.
1.9 Force Majeure
1.9.1 A Participant shall not be considered to be in Default with respect to that

Participant’s obligation(s) under the Grid Code, other than the obligation to
pay money when due, if that Participant is prevented from fulfilling its
obligation(s) by Force Majeure. The defaulting Participant shall give notice
and the full particulars of such Force Majeure to the other concerned party (or
parties) in writing or by telephone as soon as reasonably possible after the
occurrence of the Force Majeure. Telephone notices given shall be confirmed
in writing as soon as reasonably possible and shall specifically state full
particulars of the Force Majeure, the time and date when the Force Majeure
occurred, and when the Force Majeure is reasonably expected to cease. The
Participant affected shall, however, exercise due diligence and all necessary
efforts to remove such disability and fulfill its obligations under the Grid Code.
1.9.2 Mere economic hardship shall not be considered Force Majeure. Acts of
negligence or wrongdoings shall also be excluded from Force Majeure.
1.10 The Grid Code Supervisory Committee (GCSC)
1.10.1 The TSP shall constitute and host the Grid Code Supervisory Committee
(GCSC) in accordance with the guidelines of the Regulator. The GCSC shall
be a standing body carrying out the functions referred to in (1.10.2) below.
1.10.2 The GCSC shall:
(i) keep the Grid Code and its working under review;

(ii) review all suggestions for amendments to the Grid Code which the
Regulator or any Participant may submit to the GCSC for
consideration from time to time or the GCSC initiates at its own;
(iii) make recommendations to the Regulator for amendments to the Grid
Code which the GCSC feels are necessary or desirable and record
the reasons for the recommendations;
(iv) issue guidance in relation to the Grid Code and its implementation,
performance, and interpretation upon the reasonable request of any
Participant;
(v) consider what changes are necessary to the Grid Code arising out of
any unforeseen circumstances referred to it by the TSP under (1.6);
and
(vi) review and make recommendation to the Regulator for final decision
on any request that a Grid Participant submits to the GCSC to seek
Derogation from any provision(s) of the Grid Code.
1.10.3 The GCSC shall be a stakeholder representative panel and shall consist of
the following members:
(i) a Chairman and three (3) persons appointed by the TSP;
(ii) a person appointed by the Regulator;
(iii) two (2) persons representing Generators each having Generating
Station with a total Registered Capacity exceeding 500 MW;
(iv) one person representing Generators each having Generating Station
with a total Registered Capacity 500 MW or less;
(v) one person representing each Distribution Entity in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia, in total four (4); and
(vi) one person to represent Directly-connected Customers.
1.10.4 The GCSC shall establish and comply at all times with its own rules and
procedures relating to the conduct of its business, which shall be approved by
the Regulator and published by the GCSC within three (3) months of the
formation of the GCSC.
1.10.5 The TSP shall provide administrative and logistic support to the GCSC for the
GCSC’s functioning by establishing the Grid Code Secretariat. This decision
may be reviewed by the Regulator. The Secretariat shall be accountable to
the Regulator as well as to the GCSC for its activities. The detailed functions
and responsibilities, administrative structure, and modes of operation of the

Secretariat will be further elaborated by the GCSC in its rules and procedure
as laid down in (1.10.4) above.
1.11 Grid Code Amendment or Derogation Process
1.11.1 The Regulator is the approving authority for the Grid Code, as well as for
making amendments to it and for granting any Derogation from its provisions.
For approving any request for amendment or Derogation, the Regulator will
be guided by the GCSC recommendations on the relevant matter.
1.11.2 Any Participant, GCSC member, or the Regulator itself may propose
amendments to the Grid Code.
1.11.3 Any Participant can seek Derogation from complying with one or more
provisions of the Grid Code. The Derogation may be granted by the Regulator
on the following grounds:
(i) to provide for existing Plant and/or Apparatus that has not been
designed in accordance with the provisions of the Grid Code;
(ii) to facilitate a smooth transition to the Grid Code from the existing
situation; and/or
(iii) to ease temporary constraints that prevent compliance and
necessitate exemption.
1.11.4 A Participant seeking Derogation shall make a written request to the GCSC
and shall be required to justify the request in terms of both the specific
circumstances and the expected duration. As a minimum, the application
must include the following information:
(i) detail of the applicant;
(ii) relevant provision(s) of the Grid Code and the required performance;
(iii) a description of the relevant Plant and/or Apparatus and the nature
and extent of non-compliance;
(iv) a description of the proposal for restoring compliance (where
applicable) including details of actions to mitigate risks and restore
compliance including timetable;
(v) a description of the reasonable alternative actions that have been
considered; and
(vi) a statement of the expected duration of the non-compliance.
1.11.5 The process for seeking amendments to the Grid Code or seeking Derogation
from its provisions is depicted in Figure 1.1.

Draft
proposal
Submitted GCSC GCSC consults GCSC finalizes

to GCSC assesses experts, if required its review
GCSC sends
recommendation
to Regulator
GCSC takes GCSC informs Regulator Regulator

appropriate the decision to informs GCSC considers and
action initiator of the decision takes decision
Figure 1.1. Grid Code Amendment/Derogation Process
1.11.6 On receipt of any request for Grid Code amendment or Derogation, the
GCSC shall promptly consider such request (by seeking expert
advice/opinion on the request, if necessary) and submit its
recommendation(s) to the Regulator for a final decision.
1.11.7 The Regulator shall consider the request in light of the recommendation(s) of
the GCSC, and shall decide as appropriate. In deciding on the request, the
Regulator may invite the relevant Participant or any member of the GCSC to
seek clarification on the request.
1.11.8 The Regulator shall communicate its final decision to GCSC for informing the
relevant Participant and/or for taking further action, as appropriate.
1.11.9 If a Derogation is granted, then the relevant Participant will not be obliged to
comply with the applicable provision of the Grid Code (to the extent and for
the period of the Derogation) and shall comply with any alternate provision as
set forth in the Derogation.
1.11.10 A Derogation from the Grid Code will normally have an expiry date in order
to review its continued need and monitor performance towards compliance.
1.11.11 Every Derogation will be entered on a register maintained by the Regulator
for this purpose.

1.11.12 A Derogation granted to a Participant shall be non-transferable. Therefore, if

a non-compliant Plant or system is sold, the new Participant will need to
seek a fresh Derogation.
1.11.13 Where a material change in circumstances has occurred, a review of any
existing Derogation, and any Derogation under consideration, may be
initiated by the Regulator at its own or at the request of any Participant.
1.12 Communication between the TSP and Users
1.12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the Grid Code, all instructions given by the TSP
and communications (other than those relating to the submission of data and
notices) between the TSP and Users (other than Generators) shall take place
between the TSP Control Engineer based at the TSP Control Center notified
by the TSP to each User prior to Connection and the relevant User’s
Responsible Engineer at the User’s Control Center notified by the User to the
TSP prior to Connection or such other person as the TSP or the User (as the
case may be) may, from time to time, notify to the other for such purposes.
notices) between the TSP and a Generator shall take place between the TSP
Control Engineer based at the TSP Control Center notified by the TSP to
each Generator prior to Connection and the Generator’s Responsible
Engineer at the Generator’s Control Center notified by the Generator to the
TSP prior to Connection or such other person as the TSP or the Generator
(as the case may be) may from time to time notify to the other for such
purposes.
notices) between the TSP and Users will be by telephone, fax, or any other
acceptable electronic means, with a facility to record messages permanently.
1.12.4 Where instructions or communications are given under the Grid Code by
means of a communications system with a facility to record (by whatever
means) messages permanently and without access to erase or modify the
recorded instructions and communications, such recording (to be retained for
at least one [1] year) shall be accepted by the TSP and Users as evidence of
those instructions or communications.

1.13 Data, Notices, and Confidentiality
1.13.1 All data and Notices required under the Grid Code (other than data which is
the subject of a specific requirement of the Grid Code as to the manner of its
delivery) shall be submitted electronically or through any other suitable means
agreed upon by the concerned parties. Written notices under the Grid Code
shall be served either by hand delivery, registered first-class pre-paid mail,
courier service, or facsimile to the TSP or the User, as the case may be.
1.13.2 All data submitted by a User to the TSP, prior to Connection or before the
TSP’s making an Offer of Connection, in compliance with the Grid Code
provisions shall be treated as confidential.
1.13.3 Appropriate data shall be made available by the TSP when requested by a
User. These data shall be used only for the purpose specified in the request
and shall be treated by the User as confidential.
1.13.4 Data delivered pursuant to paragraph (1.13.1) shall:
(i) in the case of data to be submitted by a User prior to the Connection
of its Plant and/or Apparatus to the Transmission System, in relation
to that Plant and/or Apparatus, be addressed to Manager,
Transmission Asset Planning Department, at the address notified by
the TSP to the User following receipt of an application for Connection
to the Transmission System, or to such other department within the
TSP or address as the TSP may notify to the User from time to time;
and
(ii) in the case of data to be submitted by a User in respect of Plant
and/or Apparatus already connected to the Transmission System, be
addressed to Manager, Transmission Asset Planning Department, at
the address notified by the TSP to the User prior to Connection to the
Transmission System, or to such other department within the TSP or
address as the TSP may notify to the User from time to time.
1.13.5 Notices submitted to Users shall be addressed to such person as may be
notified in writing to the TSP from time to time by the relevant User at its
address(es) notified by the User to the TSP in writing from time to time for
submission of data and service of Notices under the Grid Code (or failing
which to the registered or principal office of the User).
1.13.6 All data items, where relevant, will be referenced to nominal voltage and
frequency unless otherwise stated.

1.14 Ownership of Plant and/or Apparatus
References in the Grid Code to Plant and/or Apparatus of a User shall include
Plant and/or Apparatus owned by a User and Plant and/or Apparatus used by
a User under any agreement with a third party.
1.15 System Control
Where a User System (or part thereof) is, by agreement, under the control of
the TSP for the purpose of communication and coordination in operational
matters, the TSP can (for those purposes only) treat that User System (or part
thereof) as part of the TSP System, but otherwise, it shall remain to be
treated as the User System (or part thereof). This will also include any User
System or facility used by the TSP as part of the TSP’s Transmission path.
1.16 Code Interpretation
1.16.1 Precedence
In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the Grid Code and any
contract or agreement between the TSP and a User, the provisions of the
Grid Code shall govern, unless the Grid Code expressly provides otherwise.
1.16.2 Glossary and Definitions
When a word or phrase that is defined specifically and in detailed manner in

the Glossary and Definitions is more particularly defined in another chapter,
section, or sub-section of the Grid Code, the particular definition in that
chapter, section, or sub-section shall prevail if there is any discrepancy. Such
discrepancies, when noticed, will be brought to the notice of the GCSC and
will be removed during the next revising of the Grid Code.
1.16.3 Preface, Table of Contents, and Titles
The Preface, Table of Contents, and Titles have been added for the
information and convenience of the users of the Grid Code. These, therefore,
shall not be considered in interpreting the provisions of the Grid Code.
1.16.4 Mandatory Provisions
The word “shall” refers to a rule, procedure, requirement, or any other

provision of the Grid Code that requires mandatory compliance.

1.16.5 Plural and Gender
In interpreting any provision of the Grid Code:

(i) the singular shall include the plural and vice versa, unless otherwise
specified; and
(ii) one gender shall include all genders.
1.16.6 Person or Entity
Any reference to a person or entity shall include an individual, partnership,

company, corporation, association, organization, institution, or other similar
groups.
1.16.7 Amendment of Standards
A reference to a standard in the Grid Code shall include any variation,

revision, update, or replacement of that standard.
1.16.8 Figures
Figures are provided in some sections of the Grid Code for the convenience
of the Users, and only to illustrate a process. In case of any discrepancy
between the text and figures regarding any provision of the Grid Code, the
text shall prevail. Such discrepancies, when noticed, will be brought to the
notice of the GCSC and will be removed during the next revising of the Grid
Code.

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 2: Connection Code
CHAPTER 2 CONNECTION CODE
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 This chapter specifies certain principles and establishes a set of minimum
technical, design, and operational conditions for the Users for connecting to
and using the Transmission System. The purpose is to protect the TSP
facilities as well as the Plant and Apparatus of the Users, and to ensure safe,
stable, and secure operation of the System. This chapter also provides detail
on the performance characteristics of the Transmission System at the
Connection Point to enable the Users to design their own facilities accordingly
and to provide suitable control and Protection Schemes for them.
2.1.2 In addition to this Connection Code, there may be additional provisions in the
individual Connection Agreements between the TSP and the Users, defining,
in greater detail and in more specific terms, the mutual obligations of each
party.
2.2 Objectives
The objectives of this chapter are the following:

(i) to provide a set of fair and non-discriminatory basic rules and
standards for accessing and using the Transmission System which
must be complied with by all Users;
(ii) to specify the normal Transmission System performance standards at
the Connection Point;
(iii) to specify the technical design and operational criteria at the
Connection Point; and
(iv) to clearly define the technical function, operational criteria, and
ownership of the Equipment connected to the Transmission System in
accordance with the relevant Site Responsibility Schedule.
2.3 Grid Connection Procedure
2.3.1 General Provisions
2.3.1.1 A User seeking a new, or modification of an existing, Connection, to the Grid

shall secure a proper Connection Agreement with the TSP by following the

procedure specified in this section, prior to the actual Connection to the Grid.
This procedure is depicted in Figure 2.1 on page (35).
2.3.1.2 The TSP shall establish the procedures for the processing of User
applications for new, or modification of an existing, Connection to the Grid.
The TSP will also set out the time for Connection after receiving all the
required information from the applicant.
2.3.1.3 The time periods for a User’s new, or modification of an existing, Connection
shall be negotiated and agreed upon upfront, between the TSP and the User,
in every case. Users will be connected to the Transmission System based on
Grid Impact Studies.
2.3.1.4 The conditions under this section apply to Users seeking new Connections to
the Transmission System. Users currently connected to the Transmission
System may have been designed to different standards and, therefore, may
not be able to comply in whole or in part with some or all of these conditions.
Such Users should seek Derogations in accordance with the provisions of
(1.11) of Chapter 1: General Conditions. However, these conditions shall be
applied to Users if new installations or modifications (e.g. in the Excitation
System, etc.) are introduced on the User Site.
2.3.1.5 All Plant and Apparatus at the Connection Point shall comply with the relevant
TSP standards, or in their absence, other IEC, ANSI, or IEEE standards,
unless modified by any provision in the applicable Connection Agreement.
2.3.1.6 The Transmission System voltage level at which a User will be connected and
the Busbar configuration which a User’s System uses will depend upon, but
not limited to, the following:
(i) the size of the Generating Units and the number of Generating Units
comprised in the User System (for Generators);
(ii) the size of the MW Demand at the Connection Point (for Distribution
Entities and Directly-connected Customers);
(iii) consistency with future development of the Transmission System as
well as the coordinated planning of the Transmission System and of
the Distribution System/User System;
(iv) proximity to the existing Transmission System; and
(v) the cost of the proposed Connection.
2.3.1.7 The method of Connection used may exceed the relevant standards where
this is required by the User and is acceptable to the TSP.

2.3.1.8 The TSP shall deliver or take electric Energy at the Connection Point and
shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever beyond that point.
2.3.1.9 In case of a dispute, the TSP shall try first to settle it bilaterally through
negotiation with the User. If can not settle it, the TSP will deal with the dispute
according to the procedures and mechanisms prescribed by the Regulator for
this purpose.
2.3.2 Grid Impact Studies
2.3.2.1 The TSP shall develop and maintain a set of required technical planning
studies for evaluating the impact on the Grid of any proposed Connection or
modification to an existing Connection.
2.3.2.2 The TSP shall specify which of the planning studies described in (3.3.6) of
Chapter 3 will be carried out to evaluate the impact of the proposed User
Development on the Grid.
2.3.2.3 Based on the magnitude and complexity of the proposed User Development,
the TSP may need to conduct more extensive planning studies. In such a
case, the TSP will indicate in its Offer of Connection this requirement.
2.3.2.4 The User shall indicate whether it wishes the TSP to undertake additional
planning studies. The User shall bear the full cost of the additional planning
studies, if carried out by the TSP.
2.3.2.5 To enable the TSP to carry out the necessary detailed Grid Impact Studies,
the TSP may require the User to provide some or all of the Detailed Planning
Data listed in (Appendix A3.2) of Chapter 3: Planning Code ahead of the
normal timescale shown there.
2.3.2.6 A User applying for a new, or a modification of an existing, Connection to the
Grid shall take all necessary measures to ensure that the proposed User
Development does not degrade the Grid. The TSP may disapprove an
application, if the Grid Impact Studies indicate that the proposed User
Development will (or may) result in the degradation of the Grid.
2.3.3 Application for a New, or Modification of an Existing, Connection
2.3.3.1 A User applying for a new, or a modification of an existing, Connection, to the

Grid shall obtain the prescribed application form from the TSP available from
the office of Manager, Transmission Asset Planning Department of the TSP.
2.3.3.2 The User shall submit to the TSP the completed application form along with
the applicable fees, published by the TSP and approved by the Regulator, for

a new, or modification of an existing Connection, to the Grid. The completed

application shall include, but not limited to, the following information:
(i) name, address, phone number, and email address of the applicant;
(ii) contact information for technical information;
(iii) location of facility, including a Site plan or area map;
(iv) a general description of the proposed Connection, or modification of
an existing Connection, which shall comprise the User Development
at the Connection Point;
(v) a description of the Plant and/or Apparatus to be connected to the
Transmission System or, as the case may be, of the modification
relating to the User’s Plant and/or Apparatus already connected to the
Transmission System;
(vi) the relevant Grid Planning Data as provided and listed in Chapter 3:
Planning Code, using the schedules provided for this purpose in
Chapter 6: Data and Information Exchange Code;
(vii) the desired Connection date and Operational Date of the proposed
User Development; and
(viii) demonstration of Site control.
2.3.3.3 The User shall submit the Grid Planning Data in three (3) stages, according to
their degree of commitment and validation as described in section (3.3.3) of
Chapter 3: Planning Code. These include: (a) Preliminary Project Planning
Data; (b) Committed Project Planning Data; and (c) Registered Project
Planning Data.
2.3.4 Processing of the Application
2.3.4.1 The TSP shall process the User application for new, or modification of an
existing, Connection within thirty (30) days from the submission of the
completed application form and settlement of the admissible fees.
2.3.4.2 After evaluating the application submitted by the User, the TSP shall inform
the User whether its application is acceptable or not. The TSP will be entitled
to reject a User application if:
(i) accepting of a User Development can lead the TSP to a breach of its
duties under the Electricity Law, Implementing Regulations, License
conditions, the Grid Code, or any other rule, regulation, or standard
relating to safe and secure operation of the Grid; or

(ii) the applicant does not undertake to be bound, insofar as applicable,

by the terms and conditions of the Grid Code.
If the User application is acceptable, then the provisions of (2.3.4.3) through
(2.3.4.6) shall apply. If it is not, then the provisions of (2.3.4.7) through
(2.3.4.9) shall apply.
2.3.4.3 If the User application is acceptable, the TSP shall make an Offer of
Connection to the User. The Offer shall include the following:
(i) details of how the Connection is to be made, including details of the
Plant and/or Apparatus that will be required to implement the
Connection;
(ii) a description of any modification in the Transmission System that the
User is required to pay for;
(iii) an indication of the Connection Date and the Operational Date; and
(iv) an estimate of all the charges/costs for the Connection that the User
has to pay for.
2.3.4.4 The User shall accept the TSP’s Offer within thirty (30) days, or a longer
period as specified in the Offer, after which the Offer will automatically lapse.
2.3.4.5 The acceptance by the User of the TSP’s Offer of Connection shall lead to the
signing of a Connection Agreement or an amended Connection Agreement
(as the case may be).
2.3.4.6 If a Connection Agreement or an amended Connection Agreement (as the
case may be) is signed, the User shall submit to the TSP, within thirty (30)
days from the signing of the agreement or a longer period if agreed to by the
TSP and the User, the Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data (if
required by the TSP) pertaining to the proposed User Development, as
specified in (Appendix A3.1) and (Appendix A3.2) of Chapter 3: Planning
Code.
2.3.4.7 If the application of the User is not acceptable, the TSP shall notify the User
why its application is not acceptable. The TSP shall include in its notification,
where practicable, a proposal on how the User’s application will be
acceptable to the TSP.
2.3.4.8 The User shall accept TSP proposal within thirty (30) days, or a longer period
as specified in the proposal, after which the proposal will automatically lapse.
2.3.4.9 If the TSP and the User cannot reach an agreement on the proposed
Connection or modification to an existing Connection, the User’s application

will be rejected. The User may refer the matter to the GCSC if the User so
desires.
2.3.5 Connection Agreement
The Connection Agreement between the User and the TSP shall meet the
following basic conditions:
(i) The TSP and the User shall comply with the Grid Code in letter and
spirit.
(ii) The User shall submit reports containing technical and financial
information as required in the various sections of the Grid Code.
(iii) The TSP shall provide the User the relevant information in accordance
with its statutory and regulatory obligations.
(iv) The User shall provide to the TSP estimated details on the types of its
loads and the estimated profile of each major load (e.g. air
conditioning, combined heat and Power, motors, and drives, etc.).
(v) The User shall provide the TSP technical diagrams of the required
Connection as stated in this chapter or the application form.
(vi) The User shall provide the TSP details of Safety and Protection
schemes at the User facilities and for the Connection Point.
(vii) The Connection Agreement with the User shall also clearly specify the
operation and maintenance boundary between the User and the TSP.
2.3.6 Submittals Prior to the Commissioning Date
The following shall be submitted by the User prior to the Commissioning date,
pursuant to the terms and conditions and schedules specified in the relevant
Connection Agreement:
(i) specifications of major Equipment not included in the Standard
Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data.
(ii) details of the Protection arrangements and settings referred to in
(2.5.2);
(iii) copies of all Safety Rules and instructions applicable to the User’s
Equipment and a list of Safety Representatives, pursuant to the
requirements of (4.10.8);
(iv) Electrical Diagrams of the User’s Equipment at the Connection Point
as described in (2.7.4);

(v) information that will enable the TSP to prepare the Connection Point
Drawings, referred to in (2.7.4);
(vi) a list of the names and telephone numbers of authorized
representatives, including the confirmation that they are fully
authorized to make binding decisions on behalf of the User, for
Significant Incidents pursuant to the procedures specified in section
4.5: Operational Liaison in Chapter 4: Operating Code;
(vii) proposed Maintenance Program;
(viii) Commissioning Tests procedures for the Connection Point and the
User Development; and
(ix) Site Test reports, clearance and readiness for Energization of the
proposed Connection Plant and Equipment.
2.3.7 Commissioning of Equipment and Physical Connection to the Grid
2.3.7.1 Upon completion of the User Development, including work at the Connection
Point, the Equipment at the Connection Point and the User Development shall
be put to Commissioning Tests procedure as specified in (4.9.6) of Chapter 4:
Operating Code.
2.3.7.2 The User shall then submit to the TSP a statement of Readiness to Connect,
which shall include the Commissioning Test Reports.
2.3.7.3 Upon acceptance of the User’s statement of Readiness to Connect, the TSP
shall, within fifteen (15) days, issue a Technical Completion Certificate to the
User if the TSP finds the Commissioning Reports to be acceptable.
Otherwise, the TSP will ask the User to perform additional Tests as the TSP
may consider necessary.
2.3.7.4 The physical Connection to the Grid shall be made by the TSP within ten (10)
days of the issue of Technical Completion Certificate by the TSP to the User.
2.4 Transmission System Performance
2.4.1.1 The TSP shall strive to maintain the Transmission System performance within
the limits and ranges specified in the Minimum National Power Quality
Standards for the Saudi Arabian Transmission Grid (currently under
development). Until such time, the TSP shall strive to maintain the

Transmission System performance within the limits and ranges as specified in

this section.
2.4.1.2 Users shall ensure that their Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points are
also designed and operated such that these operate satisfactorily within the
specified limits and ranges to be set out in the Minimum National Power
Quality Standards. Until such time, the limits and ranges as specified in this
section shall be adhered to.
2.4.2 Frequency Variations
2.4.2.1 The Transmission System shall have a nominal frequency of 60 Hz and R-Y-
B counter-clock-wise phase rotation. The TSP shall maintain it within the
limits of 59.9 and 60.1 Hz during normal Grid operation.
2.4.2.2 The System frequency could rise to 62.5 Hz or fall to 57.0 Hz in exceptional
circumstances. To enable the TSP to maintain the frequency within the limits
specified in (2.4.2.1), the design of Generator’s Plant and Apparatus must
enable operation of that Plant and Apparatus in accordance with the
following:
Below Nominal Above Nominal Operation

Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Requirement
58.8 – 60.0 60.0 – 60.5 Continuous
for a period of
57.5 – 58.7 60.6 – 61.5
30 minutes
for a period of
57.0 – 57.4 61.6 – 62.5
30 seconds
Other Users should ensure that their Equipment is designed or protected for
these exceptional circumstances.
2.4.3 Voltage Variations
The voltage at any point on the TSP system will normally remain within the
nominal values as stated in the table below, unless abnormal conditions
prevail. Under exceptional circumstances, the maximum over voltage limits
stated below should not be exceeded for more than thirty (30 ) minutes:

30-Minute Over-
Nominal Voltage (kV) Normal Range
Voltage
110 kV ±5% + 10 %
115 kV ±5% +10 %
132 kV ±5% + 10 %
230 kV ±5% + 10 %
380 kV ±5% + 10 %
2.4.4 Harmonic Distortion
2.4.4.1 All Plant and Apparatus connected to the Transmission System shall be
capable of withstanding the levels of Harmonic distortion expected to be
present on the Transmission System.
2.4.4.2 Plant and Apparatus connected to the Transmission System shall not impose
voltage Harmonics on the Transmission System which exceed the limits
specified in the relevant Connection Agreement, or when no such limits are
specified there, a Total Harmonic Distortion of 1.5% with no individual
Harmonic greater than 1%.
2.4.4.3 Plant and Apparatus connected to the Transmission System shall not impose
current Harmonics on the Transmission System which exceed the limits
specified in the relevant Connection Agreement, or when no such limits are
specified there, the limits specified in IEEE Standard 519-1992:
Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in
Electrical Power Systems.
2.4.5 Voltage Unbalance
The User facility shall not cause the phase-to-phase unbalance of the
System, as measured with no load and with balanced three-phase loading, to
exceed by more than one (1) % at the Connection Point.
2.4.6 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Severity
2.4.6.1 The voltage fluctuation at any Connection Point with a fluctuating Demand
shall not exceed one (1)% of the nominal voltage level for step changes which
may occur repetitively. Any large voltage excursions other than step changes
may be allowed up to a level of three (3)% providing that this does not pose a
risk to the Transmission System or to the System of any other User.

2.4.6.2 The Flicker Severity at any Connection Point in the Transmission shall not
exceed the limits of Pst =0.8 and Plt=0.6, both 95th percentile values measured
over a period of one week.
2.4.7 Transient Voltage Variations
2.4.7.1 The User Systems shall be designed and operated to include the devices that
will mitigate the effects of transient over voltages and transient voltage dips
on the Grid and the User System.
2.4.7.2 The User shall take into account the effect of electrical transients when
specifying the insulation of their electrical Equipment.
2.4.8 Grounding
2.4.8.1 At voltages 110 kV and above, the Grid is effectively grounded with specified
Ground Fault Factor below 1.4.
2.4.8.2 The TSP shall specify in the Connection Agreement the Grounding
requirements and the applicable Ground Fault Factor at the Connection
Points, if an exception is to be permitted in certain cases.
2.5 Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points
2.5.1.1 Each Connection between a User and the Transmission System shall be
controlled by a suitable isolating device (isolating switch or circuit breaker, as
determined by the TSP) capable of interrupting at the Connection Point, the
short circuit currents specified in the relevant Connection Agreement.
2.5.1.2 The User shall be responsible to ensure that all the User Plant and
Apparatus, including Protection Schemes, are tested and maintained and
remain rated for the duty required of them.
2.5.1.3 Users shall own, operate, and maintain all the facilities beyond the
Connection Point.
2.5.1.4 The TSP shall own, operate, and maintain all the facilities up to and including
those at the Connection Point.
2.5.1.5 The User shall comply with the operating instructions of the TSP with regard
to various systems (including all Plant and/or Apparatus) required to control
electric Power and Energy to (or from) that User’s facility.

2.5.2 Protection Equipment/Schemes
2.5.2.1 All Users shall be responsible for providing Protection for the Equipment and
facilities at their respective sides when connected to the Transmission
System.
2.5.2.2 All User Protection Schemes, relays and their settings, shall require prior
coordination with and approval of the TSP’s relevant Protection engineering
office.
2.5.2.3 The Protection Schemes shall isolate the faulty section and Equipment in
case of Fault with the dependability, selectivity, speed, and sensitivity as
defined in the applicable Connection Agreement or the Grid Code.
2.5.2.4 The protective Equipment connected to the Transmission System shall be
tested to achieve the specified level of dependability, selectivity, speed, and
sensitivity in Fault clearing and to minimize the impacts on the Grid.
2.5.2.5 The Protection Scheme’s ability to initiate the successful tripping of the circuit
breaker which is associated with the faulty Equipment shall be measured by
System Protection Dependability Index exceeding 99%.
2.5.2.6 Users shall comply with the following requirements for Fault clearance times
(from Fault inception to circuit breaker arc extinction) by primary Protection
not exceeding:
Network Category Fault Clearance Times
110 kV 120 millisecond
The probability that these times will be exceeded for any given Fault must be
less than one (1)%.
2.5.2.7 To safeguard against failure of the primary Protection Systems provided to
meet the above Fault clearance time requirements, the Users shall also
provide backup Protection, which shall have Fault clearance time slower than
that specified for the User primary Protection. The TSP shall also provide

backup Protection, which shall have Fault clearance times slower than those
of the User backup Protection.
2.5.2.8 In case of the failure to trip of a User’s circuit breaker provided to interrupt
Fault current interchange with the Transmission System, circuit breaker fail
Protection shall be provided to trip all necessary electrically adjacent circuit
breakers within 300 milliseconds. The design reliability for Protection shall be
equal to or greater than 99%.
2.5.2.9 Fault Disconnection Facilities
Where no circuit breaker is provided at the User Connection Point, the User
must provide to the TSP all necessary facilities and schemes to isolate with
discrimination and as necessary the Faults or Grid abnormalities, due to the
User Connection, on the Transmission System. In these circumstances, for
Faults on the User System, the User Protection should also trip higher voltage
TSP circuit breakers. These tripping facilities shall be in accordance with the
requirements specified in the relevant Connection Agreement.
2.5.2.10 Loss of Excitation Protection for Generating Units
The Generator must provide Protection to detect loss of Generating Unit

Excitation and initiate a trip of the associated Generating Unit.
2.5.2.11 Pole Slip Protection for Generating Units
Where, in the TSP’s reasonable opinion, System requirements dictate, the

TSP will specify in the Connection Agreement and/or Use of System
Agreement a requirement for Generators to fit pole slip Protection on their
Generating Units.
2.5.2.12 Access to Protection Equipment at Connection Points
No Busbar Protection, mesh corner Protection, circuit breaker fail Protection

relays, AC or DC wiring (other than Power supplies or DC tripping
associated with the User’s Plant and Apparatus) shall be worked upon or
altered by, or on behalf of, a User in the absence of a representative of, or
written authority from, the TSP.

2.5.2.13 Automatic Switching Equipment
Where automatic re-closing of TSP circuit breakers is required following

Faults on the User System, automatic switching Equipment shall be
provided in accordance with the requirements of the relevant Connection
Agreement.
2.5.2.14 Relay Settings
(i) Protection and relay settings shall be coordinated by the TSP and
User(s) across the Connection Point in accordance with the
Connection Agreement to ensure effective Disconnection of faulty
Apparatus. In case of a dispute between any party on such issues, the
TSP shall be the final deciding authority.
(ii) The TSP may install special Protection Schemes to safeguard against
collapse of the System for any foreseeable situation, e.g. during high
summer load seasons. In the event of loss of major Transmission
line(s) leading to voltage collapse in the Transmission System, The
TSP may need to resort to a large scale load shedding to halt
damaging voltage collapse which may lead to brownouts and eventual
blackouts.
2.5.3 Operation and Maintenance Safety Conditions
2.5.3.1 All Users responsible for the operation and maintenance shall also be
responsible for the Safety of Equipment, persons, and facilities at their
respective sides connected to the Transmission System. On Safety issues,
Users shall follow the procedures as laid down in section 4.10 of Chapter 4:
Operating Code and the Safety Rules referred to in that section.
2.5.3.2 Site Responsibility Schedule as provided in (2.7.5) will specify the ownership
responsibilities of each User connecting to the Transmission System for the
following:
(i) ownership of the Plant/Equipment;
(ii) the responsibility for operation and maintenance;
(iii) Safety Rules and Procedures; and
(iv) control of Plant/Equipments and facilities at their respective side.

2.5.4 Metering
Metering Equipment shall be installed at Connection Points in accordance

with the provisions of the Connection Agreement and the standards defined in
Chapter 7: Metering Code.
2.5.5 Requirements for Generators
2.5.5.1 All Generating Units must be capable of supplying rated Active Power output
at any point between the limits 85% Power Factor lagging and 95% Power
Factor leading at the Generating Unit terminals, unless otherwise agreed
expressly by the TSP in the Connection Agreement.
2.5.5.2 All Generating Units must be capable of continuously supplying their rated
Active Power output at the Generating Unit terminals within the System
frequency range 59.5 to 60.5 Hz. Any decrease of Active Power output
occurring in the frequency range 57.0 to 59.5 Hz should not be more than a
proportionate decrease in the frequency.
2.5.5.3 The Active Power output at the Generating Unit terminals under steady state
conditions should not be affected by voltage changes in the normal operating
range specified in (2.4.3).
2.5.5.4 Transformation ratio and tap changer of step up transformer and the auxiliary
services transformer, as well as the voltage range and Excitation of the
Generating Unit shall be designed and adjusted so that the Generating Unit is
at normal operating voltage of the Grid, capable of producing or absorbing (as
the case may be), continuously the Reactive Power defined by the capability
curve of the Generating Unit (at Generating Unit voltage level). The
Generating Unit’s continuous Reactive Power capability shall not be
restrained by main or auxiliary Equipment, control, Protection, or operating
procedures.
2.5.5.5 The Generating Unit shall be capable of absorbing continuously the Reactive
Power (under Excitation operation) defined by the capability curve of the
Generating Unit also at maximum voltages (380, 230, 132, 115, and 110 kV
of the Grid) assuming that Stability is maintained.
2.5.5.6 The Reactive Power output at the Generating Unit terminals under steady
state conditions and at rated Active Power should be fully available within the
range ± five (5)% of nominal voltage at the Connection Point.

2.5.5.7 The TSP may require a Black Start capability from certain strategically
located Generating Units/Stations. In such cases, Generators will provide
Black Start capability through an agreement with the TSP. If an agreement
cannot be reached on this issue, the TSP or the Generator shall refer the
matter to the Regulator for resolution. Generators, committing to provide
Black Start capability, shall also allow to the TSP access to their Black Start
Units for testing and drills, as and when required by the TSP.
2.5.5.8 In case the System frequency momentarily rises to 62.5 Hz or falls to 57.0 Hz,
all Generating Units shall remain in synchronism with the Transmission
System for the operating times stated in (2.4.2) to allow the TSP to undertake
measures to correct the situation. Each Generating Unit must be capable of
contributing to, in a manner satisfactory to the TSP, Frequency and Voltage
Control by modulation of Active Power and Reactive Power supplied to the
Transmission System or a User System.
2.5.5.9 The System frequency could vary within the limits given in (2.4.2) and
Generating Units are required to be capable of satisfactory operation at any
frequency within this range unless the TSP has agreed in the Connection
Agreement to the use of any frequency-level relays and/or rate-of-change-of-
frequency relays which will trip Generating Unit within this frequency range.
2.5.5.10 Each Generating Unit shall be fitted with a fast-acting Speed Governor
System to provide Power and Frequency Control under normal operating
conditions. The Speed Governor System shall be designed and operated
freely to regulate System frequency and shall have adjustable Governor
Droop setting within 2% to 8%. The normal set point will be generally at 5%.
Total Governor Deadband (inherent plus intentional) should be 0.05 Hz or
less. The above Droop and Deadband requirement shall apply for an entire
combined-cycle Generation facility. Users shall not change frequency or
load related control settings of Speed Governors without the prior agreement
of the TSP. In islanding situations, the Generating Unit’s Speed Governor
System must also be able to operate at frequency range between 57.5 Hz
and 60.2Hz.
2.5.5.11 Each Generating Unit shall be equipped with high response Excitation
System with continuously acting Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR)
system to control the Unit terminal voltage. The AVR shall be designed and
operated to maintain the steady-state terminal voltage within ± 0.5% of the

set point in the normal voltage range as specified in (2.4.3) without instability
over the entire operating range of the Unit. Ceiling voltage for static Exciters
shall be at least twice, and for brushless Exciters at least 1.6 times the rated
field voltage of the Generating Unit. The Excitation System shall be capable
of supplying its ceiling voltage for 10 seconds. Generators shall not disable
this automatic control mode without prior approval of the TSP. Each
Generating Unit shall be required to include Power System Stabilizing (PSS)
and var limiting Equipment as well.
2.5.5.12 On-load tap changing facilities shall be required on Generator step-up
transformers for Dispatch of Reactive Power. The transformer voltage ratio,
tapping range, and step sizes must be such that the Reactive Power
requirements specified in (2.5.5.6) are fully complied with.
2.5.5.13 The TSP shall be entitled to acquire such operational metering, control
parameters, and Plant data as it may reasonably require for the purposes of
discharging its statutory and regulatory obligations.
2.5.5.14 A Generating Unit, and the Station in which the Generating Unit is located,
must be capable of continuous uninterrupted operation for the voltage
variation specified in (2.4.3), and for Faults on the Transmission System
which may cause the voltage at the Connection Point to drop to between 0%
and 80% of the nominal voltage for a period of up to 300 millisecond in any
one phase or combination of phases, followed by a period of one (1) second
where voltage may vary in the range 80-110% of the nominal voltage, and a
subsequent return of the voltage within the range 90-110% of the nominal
voltage.
2.5.5.15 Generating Units shall be capable of withstanding, without tripping, a
negative phase sequence loading appropriate to their rated full load in
accordance with the IEEE Standard C37.102-1995: IEEE Guide for AC
Generator Protection. In addition they shall be required to withstand, without
tripping, the negative phase sequence loading incurred by clearance of a
close-up phase-to-phase Fault by backup Protection on the User System of
which they are a part.
2.5.5.16 The higher voltage windings of the Generating Unit step-up transformer
connecting the Generating Unit to the Transmission System must be star
connected with the star point grounded in accordance with IEEE Standard
C37.101-1993: IEEE Guide for Generator Ground Protection. If adjacent to a

TSP Substation, it shall be connected to the Grounding System of that

Substation.
2.5.5.17 Generators will be responsible for protecting their Generating Units against
the risk of any damage which might result from any frequency excursion
outside the range 57.0 Hz to 62.5 Hz and for deciding whether or not to
interrupt the Connection between his Plant and/or Apparatus and the
Transmission System in the event of such a frequency excursion.
2.5.5.18 Following the disconnection from the Grid, the Generating Unit/Station must
change over to House Load Operation for one (1) hour.
2.5.5.19 Control Synchronizing shall be provided by Generators at circuit breakers
identified by the TSP, which, depending on the Plant configuration, shall
include:
(i) the Generating Unit circuit breaker; and
(ii) the Generator transformer HV circuit breaker.
2.5.5.20 The TSP will provide to the Generator signals from the TSP operated Plant
and Apparatus as required to facilitate Synchronizing on the Generator
transformer HV circuit breaker or the Generating Unit circuit breaker (as
agreed with the TSP), in accordance with the relevant Connection
Agreement. The Synchronizing facilities as stated in (2.5.5.19) shall facilitate
Synchronizing under the following conditions:
(i) Transmission System frequency within the limits specified in (2.4.2);
(ii) Transmission System voltage within the limits as specified in (2.4.3).
2.5.6 Requirements for Distribution Entities and Directly-connected

Customers
2.5.6.1 At nominal System voltages of 110 kV and above, the higher voltage windings
of three phase transformers and transformer banks connected to the
Transmission System, if star-connected, shall have their star point suitable for
connection to Ground. For this purpose neutral connection must be brought
out of the tank to enable external connection to Ground. The Grounding and
lower voltage winding arrangement shall be such as to ensure that the
Ground Fault Factor requirement as stated in (2.4.8.1) of the Grid Code are
satisfactorily met on the Transmission System at nominal System voltages of
110 kV and above.

2.5.6.2 As required in Chapter 4: Operating Code, each Distribution Entity shall make
arrangements that shall facilitate automatic low frequency Disconnection of
Demand. The Connection Agreement shall specify the manner in which
Demand subject to low frequency Disconnection shall be split into discrete
MW blocks with associated Under Frequency Relay settings. Technical
requirements relating to Under Frequency Relays will be specified in the
Connection Agreement or relevant standards.
2.5.6.3 The Under Frequency Relays for Automatic Load Dropping shall be provided
at the Connection Point by the Users as per the Connection Agreement. The
TSP may allow a User to have such schemes installed on User side of the
Connection Point providing that, if considered necessary and required by the
TSP, one hundred (100) % of the User load may be shed.
2.5.6.4 Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers shall ensure that the
Power Factor at the Connection Point does not fall below 85% lagging at any
time and shall provide appropriate Power Factor improvement facilities to
ensure that.
2.5.6.5 Reactive Power compensation shall be provided by the Distribution Entities at
Low Voltage System close to the load point to avoid excessive Reactive
Power losses and to enable the TSP to maintain the Transmission System
voltage within the limits as specified in (2.4.3).
2.6 System Services
The relevant Connection Agreement or Power Supply or Purchase

Agreement (as the case may be) will contain requirements for the capability
for certain System Services from the following list which may be needed for
proper System operation:
(i) Voltage Control and Reactive Power Support (when used exclusively
for such purpose);
(ii) Primary Control of Generating Units;
(iii) Secondary Control of Generating Units;
(iv) Black Start Capability;
(v) Operating Margin (Operating/Contingency Reserve);
(vi) Interruptible Load; and
(vii) any other System Service.

2.7 Site Related Conditions
2.7.1 Responsibility for Operation and Maintenance
In the absence of an agreement between the parties to the contrary,

operation and maintenance responsibilities shall follow ownership.
2.7.2 Responsibilities for Safety
2.7.2.1 Any User entering and working on its Plant and/or Apparatus on a TSP Site
shall work to the TSP Safety Rules.
2.7.2.2 The TSP entering and working on its Plant and/or Apparatus on a User Site
shall work to the TSP Safety Rules. However, for User Sites where the TSP
staff may be exposed to some special risks (for instance, hazardous or toxic
substances or gases, etc.), the TSP, in addition to its own Safety Rules, will
follow the User Safety Rules also.
2.7.3 Site and Equipment Identification and Labeling
2.7.3.1 The TSP shall provide to each User details of TSP’s current numbering and
nomenclature system to enable the User to plan the numbering and
nomenclature of its own (E)HV Plant and Apparatus on the Connection Site.
2.7.3.2 The party installing Plant and/or Apparatus shall be responsible for providing
and installing of clear and unambiguous labels showing the Site and
Equipment identification at its respective System.
2.7.3.3 The numbering and nomenclature of each item of Plant and/or Apparatus
shall be included in the Operation Diagram prepared for each Site.
2.7.3.4 For TSP Plant and/or Apparatus on a User Site
(i) If the TSP intends to install its E(HV) Plant and/or Apparatus on a
User Site, it shall notify the relevant User of its intent in writing by
showing the proposed Plant and/or Apparatus, with clear numbers and
nomenclature, on an Operation Diagram and by giving date of the
proposed installation, at least six (6) months ahead of the proposed
installation.
(ii) the relevant User will confirm to the TSP in writing within one (1)
month of the receipt of such notification, either its acceptance of the
TSP proposal or objection(s), if any, by stating the reasons for the
objection(s).

(iii) the relevant User will not install, or permit the installation of, any
(E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus on such User Site which has numbering
and/or nomenclature which could be confused with that of (E)HV Plant
and/or Apparatus of the TSP already on that User Site or about which
the TSP has notified to that User that it intends to install on that Site.
2.7.3.5 For User Plant and/or Apparatus on the TSP Sites
(i) If a User intends to install its (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus on a TSP
Site, it shall notify the TSP of its intent in writing by showing the
proposed Plant and/or Apparatus, with clear numbers and
nomenclature, on the Operation Diagram and by giving date of the
proposed installation, at least six (6) months ahead of the proposed
installation.
(ii) the TSP will respond in writing to the User within one (1) month of the
receipt of the notification either confirming its acceptance of the User
proposed numbering and nomenclature or, if they are not acceptable,
by giving details of the numbering and nomenclature which the User
shall adopt for that (E)HV Apparatus.
2.7.3.6 Changes
If the TSP intends to change the existing numbering or nomenclature of either

its own (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus on a User Site or of the User (E)HV
Plant and/or Apparatus on a TSP Site:
(i) the provisions of paragraph (2.7.3.4) shall apply to such change of
numbering or nomenclature of the (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus of
the TSP with any necessary amendments to those provisions to reflect
that only a change is being made; and
(ii) in the case of a change in the numbering or nomenclature of (E)HV
Plant and/or Apparatus of the User on a TSP Site, the TSP shall notify
the User of the numbering and/or nomenclature that the User shall
adopt for that (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus at least six (6) months
prior to the change being needed and the User will respond in writing
to the TSP within one (1) month of the receipt of the notification,
confirming receipt.
In either case, the notification shall indicate the reason for the proposed
change.

2.7.4 Connection Point Drawings
2.7.4.1 Connection Point Drawings shall be prepared for each Connection Site and
shall include Site layout drawings, mechanical drawings, electrical layout
drawings, electrical Single Line Diagrams, common Protection/control
drawings, and common services drawings.
2.7.4.2 The TSP shall specify the procedure and format to be followed in the
preparation of the Connection Point Drawings for any Connection Point.
2.7.4.3 The User shall prepare and submit to the TSP, drawings for all the
Equipment, circuits, and facilities on the User’s side of the Connection Point,
in accordance with the schedule specified in the Connection Agreement.
2.7.4.4 The TSP shall provide the User with drawings for all the Equipment, circuits,
and facilities on the TSP side of the Connection Point, in accordance with the
schedule specified in the Connection Agreement.
2.7.4.5 If the Connection Point is at the User’s Site, the User shall prepare and
distribute Connection Point Drawings for the entire Connection Point.
Otherwise, the TSP shall prepare and distribute the Connection Point
Drawings for the entire Connection Point.
2.7.4.6 The Connection Point Drawings shall provide an accurate record of the layout
and circuit connections, ratings and identification of Equipment, and related
Apparatus and devices at the Connection Point.
2.7.4.7 If possible, all the electrical Equipment at the Connection Point shall be
shown in one Connection Point Drawing. When more than one Drawing is
necessary, duplication of identical information shall be minimized. The
Connection Point Drawing(s) shall represent, as closely as possible, the
physical arrangement of the Equipment and their electrical connections.
2.7.4.8 The Connection Point Drawing shall be prepared using the Site and
Equipment identification and labeling prescribed in (2.7.3).
2.7.4.9 The title block of the Connection Point Drawings shall include the names of
authorized persons together with provisions for the details of revisions, dates,
and signatures.
2.7.4.10 The Connection Point Drawings shall have the TSP stamp. The master copy
of the Connection Point Drawings shall remain with the TSP.
2.7.4.11 If a dispute arises, a meeting shall be held between the TSP and the User to
resolve the dispute at the shortest possible time.

2.7.4.12 Preparation of Connection Point Drawings for a Connection Point at a

User Site
(i) In the case of a Connection Point at a User Site, the TSP shall
prepare and submit to the User, Connection Point Drawings for the
TSP side of the Connection Point in accordance with the requirements
of the Connection Agreement.
(ii) The User shall then prepare, produce, and distribute, using the
information provided by the TSP, Connection Point Drawings for the
complete Connection Site in accordance with the requirements of the
Connection Agreement for approval by the TSP.
2.7.4.13 Preparation of Connection Point Drawings for a Connection Point at a

TSP Site
(i) In the case of a Connection Point at a TSP Site, the User shall
prepare and submit to the TSP, Connection Point Drawings for the
User side of the Connection Point in accordance with the
requirements of the Connection Agreement.
(ii) The TSP shall then prepare, produce, and distribute, using the
information submitted by the User, Connection Point Drawings for the
complete Connection Site in accordance with the requirements of the
Connection Agreement.
2.7.4.14 User Changes to Site Common Drawings
(i) A User feeling the necessity to change any aspect of the Connection
Point Drawings at a Connection Site shall do the following:
(a) for a Connection Point at a User Site, the User shall prepare,
produce, and distribute, after getting them approved by the
TSP, revised Connection Point Drawings for the complete
Connection Site; and
(b) for a TSP Site, the User shall prepare and submit to the TSP
revised Connection Point Drawings for the User side of the
Connection Point and the TSP shall then prepare, produce,
and distribute, using the information submitted by the User,
revised Connection Point Drawings for the complete
Connection Site.

(ii) If the User change can be dealt with by it notifying the TSP in writing
of the change and for each party to amend its copy of the Connection
Point Drawings then the User shall so notify, and each party shall so
amend (subject to TSP’s acceptance of the proposed changes).
2.7.4.15 TSP Changes to Site Common Drawings
(i) The TSP feeling the necessity to change any aspect of the Connection
Point Drawings at a Connection Site shall do the following:
(a) for a TSP Site, the TSP shall prepare, produce and distribute
Connection Site; and
(b) for a User Site, the TSP shall prepare and submit to the User
revised Connection Point Drawings for the TSP side of the
Connection Point and the User shall then prepare, produce
and distribute, using the information submitted by the TSP,
Connection Site for approval of the TSP.
(ii) If the TSP change can be dealt with by it notifying the User in writing
of the change and for each party to amend its copy of the Connection
Point Drawings then the TSP shall so notify, and each party shall so
amend.
2.7.4.16 Validity of Connection Point Drawings
(i) The Connection Point Drawings for the complete Connection Site
prepared by the User or the TSP, as the case may be, shall be the
definitive Connection Point Drawings for all operational and
maintenance and planning activities associated with the
Connection Site.
(ii) If a dispute arises as to the accuracy of the Connection Point
Drawings, a meeting shall be held at the Site, as soon as
reasonably practicable, between the TSP and the User, and both
shall strive to resolve the matter in dispute.
2.7.5 Site Responsibility Schedules
2.7.5.1 In order to inform the Site operational staff and the TSP Control Engineers of
the agreed responsibilities for Plant and/or Apparatus at the Connection

Point, a Site Responsibility Schedule shall be produced for the TSP and the
Users with whom it will interface.
2.7.5.2 The format, principles and basic procedure to be used in the preparation of
Site Responsibility Schedules are set down in (Appendix A2.1) to this chapter.
2.7.6 Access to Sites
2.7.6.1 The provisions relating to access to the TSP Sites by Users, and to User
Sites by the TSP, will be set out in each Connection Agreement between the
TSP and the User. In addition to those provisions, where a Site belonging to
the TSP contains exposed (E)HV conductors, unaccompanied access shall
only be granted to individuals holding Authority for Access from the TSP.
2.7.6.2 The User shall permit unhindered access to TSP personnel (including their
tools, Equipment, and vehicles) for accessing the TSP Equipment at the
Connection Point and inside the User premises as may be required during
normal and contingency conditions.
2.7.7 Maintenance Procedures
2.7.7.1 User Plant and Apparatus on the TSP Sites shall be maintained adequately
(not less than the TSP standards) for the purpose for which it is intended and
to ensure that it does not pose a threat to the Safety of any of the TSP Plant,
Apparatus, or personnel on the TSP Site. The TSP shall have the right to
inspect the test results and maintenance records relating to such Plant and/or
Apparatus at any time. The TSP shall also have the right to inspect the User
Equipment at the Connection Point, if considered necessary by the TSP.
2.7.7.2 All the TSP Plant and/or Apparatus on User Sites shall be maintained
adequately (not less than TSP standards) for the purposes for which it is
intended to ensure that it does not pose a threat to the Safety of any of the
User Plant, Apparatus, or personnel on the User Site.
2.7.8 Site Operational Procedures
The TSP and the Users, must make available staff to take necessary Safety
Precautions and carry out operational duties as may be required to enable
work/Testing to be carried out and for the operation of Plant and/or Apparatus
connected to the System.

User submits to TSP

completed application form
along with applicable fees.
TSP evaluates User

application.
No
Application Application returned User
acceptable? with suggestions for Yes User revises the
accepts?
revision, if application.
practicable.
Yes
Yes No
No
TSP conducts Grid TSP and User meet Dispute
Impact Studies. to resolve dispute. resolved?
Additional study
Yes
Yes
No
Additional User Dispute
TSP and User
Study accepts to resolved?
meet
Required? Yes pay study
No
No
TSP makes Offer of

Connection to User.
No
User
Offer accepted by the User application
rejected
Yes
Connection Agreement
between User and TSP is No
User may User
approach accepts
Preparation of project GCSC
documents by User.
Yes
Completion of User
Development work.
Case closed
User submits Readiness to

Connect statement with
Commissioning Tests Reports.
TSP issues Technical

Completion Certificate.
Energization
Figure 2.1. Procedure for Connection to the Grid

APPENDIX A2.1: Preparation of Site Responsibility Schedules
A2.1.1 Principles
A2.1.1.1 At all Sites, the following Site Responsibility Schedule shall be drawn up
using the Pro forma Table A2.1 or with such variations as may be agreed
between the TSP and Users. In the absence of agreement, the Pro forma
Table A2.1 shall be used:
(i) Schedule of (E)HV Apparatus;
(ii) Schedule of LV Plant, Apparatus, services and supplies;
(iii) Schedule of telecommunications and measurement Apparatus.
A2.1.1.2 Each Site Responsibility Schedule for a Connection Site shall be prepared
by the TSP in consultation with other Users at least one (1) month prior to
the Completion Date under the Connection Agreement for that Connection
Site (which may form part of a Site).
A2.1.1.3 Each User shall, in accordance with the timing requirements of the
Connection Agreement, provide information to the TSP to enable it to
prepare the Site Responsibility Schedule.
A2.1.1.4 Each Site Responsibility Schedule shall be subdivided to take account of
any separate Connection Sites on that Site.
A2.1.1.5 Each Site Responsibility Schedule shall detail for each item of Plant
and/or Apparatus:
(i) Plant/Apparatus ownership;
(ii) Responsible Manager (Controller);
(iii) Safety standards (applicable Safety Rules and standards);
(iv) Responsible person(s) responsible for coordinating on Safety
matters;
(v) operations (applicable operational procedures and Control
Engineer); and
(vi) responsibility to undertake maintenance.
A2.1.1.6 The (E)HV Apparatus Site Responsibility Schedule for each Connection
Site must include lines and cables emanating from the Connection Site.
A2.1.1.7 Every page of the Site Responsibility Schedule shall bear the date of
issue and the issue number.
A2.1.1.8 When a Site Responsibility Schedule is prepared, it shall be sent by the

TSP to the Users involved for confirmation of its accuracy.

A2.1.1.9 The Site Responsibility Schedule shall then be signed on behalf of the
TSP by the Responsible Manager of the TSP (to be designated in the
relevant Connection Agreement) responsible for the area in which the Site
is situated and on behalf of each User involved by the Responsible
Manager of the User (to be designated in the relevant Connection
Agreement), by way of written confirmation of its accuracy. Once signed,
two (2) copies shall be supplied by the TSP, not less than two (2) weeks
prior to its implementation date, to each User who is a party on the Site
Responsibility Schedule, indicating the issue number and the date of
implementation.
A2.1.2 Alterations to Existing Site Responsibility Schedules
A2.1.2.1 When a User (identified on a Site Responsibility Schedule) becomes

aware that an alteration is necessary, it must inform the TSP immediately
and in any event eight (8) weeks prior to any change taking effect.
A2.1.2.2 Where the TSP has been informed of a change by a User, or itself
proposes a change, it shall prepare a revised Site Responsibility Schedule
by not less than six (6) weeks prior to the change taking effect.
A2.1.2.3 The revised Site Responsibility Schedule shall then be signed and shall
accompany by a note indicating where the alteration has been made, the
new issue number and the date of implementation.
A2.1.2.4 When a User or the TSP (as the case may be) identified on a Site
Responsibility Schedule, becomes aware that an alteration to the Site
Responsibility Schedule is urgently necessary to reflect, for example, an
emergency situation, the User shall notify the TSP, or the TSP shall notify
the User (as the case may be), immediately and shall discuss:
(i) what change is necessary to the Site Responsibility Schedule;
(ii) whether the Site Responsibility Schedule is to be modified
temporarily or permanently; and
(iii) the distribution of the revised Site Responsibility Schedule.
A2.1.2.5 The TSP shall prepare a revised Site Responsibility Schedule as soon as
possible, and in any event within seven (7) days of it being informed or
becoming aware of the necessary alteration. The Site Responsibility
Schedule shall be confirmed by the User and signed on behalf of the TSP
and the User as soon as possible after it has been prepared and sent to

the User for confirmation.
A2.1.3 Responsible Managers
A2.1.3.1 Each User shall, prior to the Completion Date under each Connection
Agreement, supply to the TSP the name of that User’s manager who has
been duly authorized to sign Site Responsibility Schedules on behalf of
the User. The TSP shall, prior to the Completion Date under each
Connection Agreement, also supply to that User the name of its own
manager responsible for the area in which the Site is situated.

Table A2.1. PRO FORMA FOR SITE RESPONSIBILITY SCHEDULE
COMPANY: ___________________________ CONNECTION SITE: _________________________
SCHEDULE: (Please tick in front of the applicable category)
-------- (E)HV Apparatus
-------- LV Plant, Apparatus, services, and supplies
-------- Telecommunication and measurement Apparatus

Safety Operations
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007)

Party responsible
Plant/ for statutory
Item of Plant/ Responsible Control or other
Apparatus Control or other inspections, Fault Remarks
Apparatus Manager responsible
owner Responsible investigation, and
person (Safety maintenance
Engineer
Representative)
Signature of Signature of
TSP representative: _________________________ User representative: __________________________
Chapter 2: Connection Code
39
The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 3: Planning Code
CHAPTER 3 PLANNING CODE
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 This chapter provides a framework for enabling the TSP and Users to interact
with each other in relation to planning and development of the Transmission
System. It also specifies the information and data that the Users shall provide
to the TSP or the TSP shall provide to the Users for this purpose.
3.1.2 All Users, existing as well as prospective, will be bound by the planning
conditions laid down in this chapter prior to generating, transmitting,
distributing, or consuming electricity, as the case may be.
3.2 Objectives
The objectives of this chapter are to specify:

(i) the responsibilities of the TSP and Users towards Grid planning;
(ii) the mechanism for the TSP and Users to interact with each other with
respect to any proposed development on the User System that may
have impact on the Transmission System;
(iii) the Power System studies required and the planning criteria and
standards to be followed by the TSP to ensure efficient, safe, reliable,
and economic operation of the Grid;
(iv) the data and information required from Users for use by the TSP to
plan for Grid development; and
(v) the data and information to be provided by the TSP to Users to aid
them to plan and decide for their own facilities.
3.3 Grid Planning
3.3.1 Grid Planning Responsibility
3.3.1.1 The TSP shall have the primary and lead responsibility for planning the Grid
development, including carrying out of all necessary studies, assessments,
and evaluations.
3.3.1.2 In planning for Grid development, the TSP may require a User, or a group of
Users, to modify or install new Plant and/or Apparatus, where the TSP

reasonably considers that it is prudent or necessary to do so to ensure

continued compliance with the requirements of the Grid Code.
3.3.1.3 The time required for the planning and development of the Grid will depend
on the type, complexity, and extent of the necessary reinforcement and/or
extension work, the time required for conducting appropriate
studies/evaluations, and the necessary approvals and permissions from
relevant agencies.
3.3.2 Grid Planning Process
3.3.2.1 Users, existing as well as prospective, will be able to assess conditions for
connecting to, and using of, the Grid through the following:
(i) a forecast statement, prepared by the TSP, showing for each of the 5
succeeding years, the opportunities available for connecting to, and
using of, the Grid and indicating those parts of the Grid that are most
suited to new Connections and transport of further quantities of
electricity; or
(ii) an offer by the TSP to enter into a Connection Agreement with a User
for Connection to, or use of, the Grid.
3.3.2.2 To enable the TSP to properly plan for Grid development, Users will be
required to submit to the TSP all data that the TSP may require from them for
this purpose. The details of the data requirements from Users for planning
purposes are set out in (3.3.3).
3.3.2.3 Any User proposing to close, retire, withdraw from service, or otherwise
cease to maintain and keep available for Dispatch in accordance with Good
Industry Practice any Generating Station or Generating Units with Registered
Capacity greater than ten (10) MW in aggregate shall give the TSP at least
twenty-four (24) calendar months’ notice of such action.
3.3.3 Submission of Grid Planning Data
3.3.3.1 For the TSP to undertake planning and development of the Grid, the TSP will
require the Users to provide data and information before Connection, and
also afterwards at regular intervals. These data will be provided to the TSP
using the schedules provided for this purpose in Chapter 6: Data and
Information Code. These data and information will be treated as Grid
Planning Data.

3.3.3.2 For planning purposes, Grid Planning Data will be classified into three (3)
main categories: (i) Project Planning Data; (ii) Standard Planning Data; and
(iii) Detailed Planning Data. These data categories are further explained
below:
(i) Project Planning Data: The TSP will require Users applying for a new,
or modification of an existing, Connection, to submit some or all of the
data items listed under Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning
Data in this chapter. Such data will be treated by the TSP as Project
Planning Data until a User is actually connected to the Grid.
(ii) Standard Planning Data: Standard Planning Data are data that must
be submitted by all existing Users at regular intervals.
(iii) Detailed Planning Data: Detailed Planning Data are data that the TSP
may require from any existing User in support of the Standard
Planning Data.
3.3.3.3 As regards the Project Planning Data, the TSP may require different levels of
detail and quality of information through the various stages of the User
Development, as elaborated on below:
(i) At the time a User applies for a new, or modification of an existing,
Connection but before the TSP makes an Offer of Connection, the
data relating to the proposed User Development will be considered
Preliminary Project Planning Data and shall contain such data as may
be required by the TSP to evaluate the Connection application and, if
applicable, any other data directly relevant to, and submitted in
support of, the application. These data will be treated by the TSP as
confidential within the scope of TSP’s policy for confidentiality.
(ii) On formal acceptance by the prospective User of the Offer of
Connection, the data relating to the User Development, previously
submitted as Preliminary Planning Data, including any subsequent
data supplied in support of its application, will become Committed
Project Planning Data. Data at this stage will not be treated as
confidential to the extent that the TSP is required to use or disclose
these to discharge its contractual or regulatory obligations.
(iii) As soon as is practical, and not later than the Operational Date, all
data requirements as stated in this section, not previously requested
by the TSP or supplied by the User, will be submitted by the User to

the TSP. This will include confirming any estimated values assumed
for planning purposes or, where practical, replacing them by validated
actual values and by updating estimates for Forecast Data items such
as Demand. Data provided at this stage of the project will become
Registered Project Planning Data.
3.3.3.4 All existing Users shall submit to the TSP, each year, the Standard Planning
Data referred to in (3.3.3.2) and listed in (Appendix A3.1) of this chapter.
These data should be submitted by end of March each year and should cover
the current year and each of the five (5) succeeding years. Where from the
date of one submission to a date of subsequent submission there is no
change in the data to be submitted for any given year, instead of resubmitting
the data, a User may submit a written statement that there has been no
change from the data submitted the previous time, pertaining to the particular
year specified.
3.3.3.5 The TSP may also require additional data or information from a User referred
to as Detailed Planning Data in (3.3.3.2) and listed in (Appendix A3.2) of this
chapter. Where the TSP considers that this information is required, then the
User shall submit the information to the TSP within thirty (30) days, or such
other period as may be agreed between the TSP and the User, after the date
of such request.
3.3.3.6 Further Classification of Grid Planning Data
Grid Planning Data are further divided into the following:

(i) Forecast Data: Which shall contain User’s best estimate of the data,
including Energy and Demand, being projected for the five (5)
succeeding years;
(ii) Estimated Equipment Data: Which shall contain the User’s best
estimate of the values of parameters and information pertaining to its
Equipment, Plant, and/or apparatus and which upon Connection
becomes fixed (subject to any subsequent change); and
(iii) Registered Equipment Data: Which shall contain Plant and/or
Apparatus data which upon Connection will become Registered Data,
but which prior to Connection will be an estimate of what is expected,
known as Estimated Equipment Data.

3.3.3.7 Validation and Verification of Data
(i) In cases of doubtful accuracy of the supplied data, the TSP may ask
the User to supply additional information to verify the data accuracy.
(ii) The TSP may demand the User to carry out specific Tests to verify the
data in conformity with applicable standards, if the information
supplied pursuant to (i) above is still suspect. Where such Test or
Tests are requested, they will be subject to the relevant provisions of
Chapter 4: Operating Code.
(iii) If as a result of the Test(s) in (ii) above, the User data is found to be
incorrect, then the User will bear the full cost of such Test(s), and the
TSP will use for its studies the data values as ascertained by such
Test(s). If any additional burden is imposed on the TSP in terms of
repeating or performing additional studies, then the User will also bear
the cost reasonably incurred by the TSP for such additional burden.
3.3.4 Consolidation and Maintenance of Grid Planning Data
3.3.4.1 The TSP shall collate and process the Grid Planning Data submitted by the
Users into a cohesive and consolidated Grid planning dataset and shall use
this for conducting the various planning studies and also for preparing any
forecast statements and capacity development/reinforcement plans for the
Transmission System.
3.3.4.2 If any User believes that the cohesive Forecast Data prepared by the TSP
does not accurately reflect that User’s planning data, it shall immediately
notify the TSP of its concern. The TSP and the User shall promptly meet to
address the concern of the User.
3.3.5 Planning Criteria and Standards
The TSP shall apply the TSP Planning Criteria and Standards (to be
established by the TSP in due course), in the planning and development of
the Transmission System.
3.3.6 Grid Planning Studies
3.3.6.1 The TSP shall conduct Grid planning studies periodically or on as required
basis to ensure the economic, safe, reliable, and stable functioning of the
Transmission System, specifically for the following:
(i) preparation of the Transmission forecast statement for next five years;

(ii) preparation of Transmission development plans;

(iii) evaluation of Grid reinforcement/extension projects;
(iv) evaluation of any proposed User Development submitted to the TSP
in accordance with an application for a new, or modification of an
existing, Connection;
(v) to assess the impact on the Transmission System or on any User
System of any Demand Forecast or any proposed addition or change
of Equipment or facilities in the Transmission System or the User
System and to identify remedial measures to eliminate the deficiencies
in the Transmission System or the User System;
(vi) to assess the behavior of the Transmission System during normal and
contingency conditions;
(vii) to assess the System behavior during the electromechanical or
electromagnetic transients induced by disturbances or switching
operations; and
(viii) any other planning assessment that may be required in the future to
ensure adequate Transmission Capacity.
3.3.6.2 The Grid planning studies may include studies (as the situation or case may
demand) such as load flow studies, short-circuit studies, transient Stability
studies, steady state Stability studies, voltage Stability studies,
electromagnetic transient studies, and Reliability studies, etc.

APPENDIX A3.1: Standard Planning Data
A3.1.1 Historical Energy and Demand
A3.1.1.1 Each User directly connected to the TSP System shall provide to the TSP
its actual monthly Energy and Demand consumption at each Connection
Point for the immediate past year.
A3.1.1.2 The User shall also provide the TSP with actual hourly load profiles for a
TSP-specified weekday, weekend, and holiday for each season of the
year.
A3.1.2 Energy and Demand Forecast
A3.1.2.1 The User shall provide to the TSP its Energy and Demand Forecasts at
each Connection Point for the current year and the five (5) succeeding
years. Where the User System is connected to the Grid at more than one
Connection Points, the Demand Data to be provided by the User shall
also include the Coincident Peak Active Power Demand.
A3.1.2.2 The Forecast Data for the first year shall include monthly Energy and
Demand Forecasts, while for the remaining years shall include only the
annual Energy and Demand forecasts.
A3.1.2.3 The User shall also provide to the TSP forecast hourly load profiles for a
TSP-specified weekday, weekend, and holiday for each season of the
year.
A3.1.2.4 The User shall provide the net values of Energy and Demand Forecast for
its System at each Connection Point after any deductions to reflect the
output of any Embedded/Captive Generating Units/Station. Such
deductions shall be stated separately in the Forecast Data.
A3.1.2.5 Generators shall submit to the TSP their expected Demand to be served
by each Generating Unit/Station. Forecast Data for Embedded/Captive
Generating Units/Stations shall be submitted through the Distribution
Entities, if applicable.
A3.1.2.6 In order to avoid duplication of Forecast Data, each User shall indicate the
Energy and Demand requirements that it shall meet under a contract.
Where the User shall meet only a portion of the Energy and Demand
requirements, it shall indicate in the Forecast Data that portion of the

requirements and/or the portion of the forecast period covered by the

contract.
A3.1.2.7 If the User System is connected to the Grid at a Connection Point with a
bus arrangement which is, or may be operated in separate sections, the
Energy and Demand Forecasts for each bus section shall be separately
stated.
A3.1.3 Generating Unit/Station Data
A3.1.3.1 The Generator shall provide to the TSP data relating to the Generating
Units of its Generating Station(s).
A3.1.3.2 The Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers shall provide
the TSP with data relating to the Generating Units of each
Embedded/Captive Generating Station, if applicable.
A3.1.3.3 The following information shall be provided for the Generating Units of
each Generating Station or Embedded/Captive Generating Units/Station
of the other Users:
(i) nominal Capacity rating;
(ii) nominal voltage rating;
(iii) maximum continuous rating;
(iv) emergency rating;
(v) minimum rating;
(vi) speed;
(vii) type of Generating Unit and expected running mode(s);
(viii) auxiliary Power requirements;
(ix) direct axis sub-transient reactance;
(x) capability curve; and
(xi) Grounding arrangement.
A3.1.3.4 For the Generating Unit step-up transformer, the following:
(i) rated Capacity;
(ii) rated voltage;
(iii) cooling stages and capacity rating at each stage;
(iv) number of windings and winding arrangement;
(v) voltage ratio;
(vi) tap changer arrangement (on-load/off-load; at HV or LV), range,
and step size;

(vii) percentage impedance (positive sequence at maximum, minimum,

and nominal tap);
(viii) Grounding arrangement;
(ix) basic lightning impulse insulation level;
(x) Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all (E)HV
transformers;
(xi) chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers
rated 230 kV and above; and
(xii) switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers
rated 230 kV and above.
A3.1.3.5 If the Generating Unit is connected to the Grid at a Connection Point with
a bus arrangement which is, or may be, operated in separate sections, the
bus section to which each Generating Unit is connected shall be
identified.
A3.1.4 User System Data
A3.1.4.1 The User shall provide the Electrical Diagrams and Connection Point
Drawings of its System and the Connection Point, respectively. The
Diagrams and Drawings shall indicate the quantities, ratings, and
operating parameters of the following:
(i) Equipment (e.g., Generating Units, Power transformers, and circuit
breakers);
(ii) electrical circuits (e.g., overhead lines and underground cables);
(iii) Substation bus arrangements;
(iv) Grounding arrangements;
(v) Protection Schemes, their description and maintenance plans;
(vi) interrupting devices;
(vii) phase configuration;
(viii) switching facilities;
(ix) operating voltages; and
(x) numbering and nomenclature.
A3.1.4.2 The User shall provide the values of the following parameters of the
overhead lines and/or underground cables from the User System
Substation to the Connection Point in the Grid:
(i) rated and operating voltage;

(ii) positive sequence resistance and reactance ;

(iii) positive sequence shunt susceptance ;
(iv) zero sequence resistance and reactance ; and
(v) zero sequence susceptance .
A3.1.4.3 For the User System transformer, the following data shall be provided:
(i) rated MVA;
(ii) rated voltages;
(iii) cooling stages and MVA rating at each stage;
(iv) winding arrangement;
(v) positive sequence resistance and reactance (at maximum,
minimum, and nominal tap);
(vi) zero sequence reactance for three-legged core type transformer;
(vii) tap changer location (at HV or LV winding), range, step size, and
type (on-load or off-load);
(viii) basic lightning impulse insulation level;
(ix) Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all (E)HV
transformers;
(x) chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers
rated 230 kV and above; and
(xi) switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers
rated 230 kV and above.
A3.1.4.4 The User shall provide the following information for the switchgear,
including circuit breakers, Load Break Switches, and Disconnect Switches
at the Connection Point and at the Substation of the User:
(i) rated voltage;
(ii) rated current;
(iii) rated symmetrical RMS short-circuit current;
(iv) rated unsymmetrical RMS short-circuit current;
(v) circuit breaker rated interrupting current;
(vi) circuit breaker rated interrupting time;
(vii) basic lightning impulse insulation level;
(viii) symmetrical short-circuit current withstand time for all circuit
breakers;
(ix) Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all circuit
breakers;

(x) chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all circuit breakers
and Disconnect Switches rated 230 kV and above; and
(xi) switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all circuit
breakers and Disconnect Switches rated 230 kV and above.
A3.1.4.5 The User shall provide the details of its System Grounding. This shall
include the rated short time withstand current, zero sequence impedance,
and short time rating of the Grounding Equipment.
A3.1.4.6 The User shall provide the data on independently-switched Reactive
Power compensation Equipment at the Connection Point and/or at the
Substation of the User System. This shall include the following
information:
(i) rated Capacity;
(ii) rated voltage;
(iii) type (e.g., shunt reactor, shunt capacitor, static var compensator);
and
(iv) operation and control details (e.g. fixed or variable, automatic, or
manual).
A3.1.4.7 If a significant portion of the User Demand may be supplied from
alternative Connection Point(s), the relevant information on the Demand
transfer capability shall be provided by the User including the following:
(i) the alternative Connection Point(s);
(ii) the Demand normally supplied from each alternative Connection
Point;
(iii) the Demand which may be transferred from or to each alternative
Connection Point; and
(iv) the control (e.g., manual or automatic) arrangements for transfer
including the time required to effect the transfer for Forced Outage
and planned maintenance conditions.
A3.1.4.8 If a User System has Embedded/Captive Generating Stations and
significantly large-sized motors, the short circuit contribution of the
Embedded/Captive Generating Units and the large motors at the
Connection Point shall be provided by the Distribution Entities (or the
other Users). The short-circuit current shall be calculated in accordance
with the TSP Standards, or in their absence, the relevant IEC Standards
or their equivalent Saudi national standards.

A3.1.4.9 If the User System has fluctuating loads, the following information shall be
provided to the TSP:
(i) cyclic variation of Active Power over time;
(ii) cyclic variation of Reactive Power over time;
(iii) maximum rate of change of Active Power;
(iv) maximum rate of change of Reactive Power;
(v) largest step change of Active Power; and
(vi) largest step change of Reactive Power.
A3.1.4.10 If the User System has commutating Power electronic loads, their detail
such as number of pulses, maximum voltage notch, and Harmonic
distortion potential (up to the 50th Harmonic) shall be provided to the TSP.

Appendix A3.2: Detailed Planning Data
A3.2.1 Generating Unit/Station Data
A3.2.1.1 The following additional information shall be provided for the Generating
Units of each Generating Station:
(i) de-rated Capacity on a monthly basis, if applicable;
(ii) additional capacity obtainable from Generating Units in excess of
Net Declared Capability;
(iii) Minimum Stable Loading ;
(iv) stator armature resistance;
(v) direct axis synchronous, transient, and sub-transient reactances;
(vi) quadrature axis synchronous, transient, and sub-transient
reactances;
(vii) direct-axis transient and sub-transient time constants;
(viii) quadrature axis transient and sub-transient time constants;
(ix) turbine and Generating Unit inertia constant ;
(x) rated field current at rated MW and MVAR output and at rated
terminal voltage; and
(xi) short circuit and open circuit characteristic curves.
A3.2.1.2 The following Excitation System parameters shall be provided for each
Generating Unit:
(i) type (static or rotating);
(ii) make and model;
(iii) DC gain of Excitation loop;
(iv) rating (peak voltage/ peak current);
(v) maximum field voltage;
(vi) minimum field voltage;
(vii) maximum rate of change of field voltage (rising);
(viii) maximum rate of change of field voltage (falling);
(ix) details of Excitation loop described in a diagram form showing
transfer functions of individual elements;
(x) dynamic characteristics of over-Excitation limiter;
(xi) dynamic characteristics of under-Excitation limiter;
(xii) exciter model (in IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E format).

A3.2.1.3 The following Power System Stabilizer (PSS) parameters shall be

provided for each Generating Unit:
(i) type of input(s);
(ii) gain for each input;
(iii) lead time constant(s) for each input;
(iv) lag time constant for each input; and
(v) Power System Stabilizer model (in IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E format).
A3.2.1.4 The Users shall supply any additional special Protection relays and their
settings which take effect in case other than Generating Unit component
Faults such as volt/hertz Protection, etc.
A3.2.1.5 The following Speed Governor System parameters shall be provided for
each reheat steam Generating Unit:
(i) high pressure governor average gain;
(ii) speeder motor setting range;
(iii) speed droop characteristic curve;
(iv) high pressure governor valve time constant;
(v) high pressure governor valve opening limits;
(vi) high pressure governor valve rate limits;
(vii) re-heater time constant (Active Energy stored in re-heater);
(viii) intermediate pressure governor average gain;
(ix) intermediate pressure governor setting range;
(x) intermediate pressure governor valve time constant;
(xi) intermediate pressure governor valve opening limits;
(xii) intermediate pressure governor valve rate limits;
(xiii) details of acceleration sensitive elements in high pressure and
intermediate pressure governor loop; and
(xiv) Governor model (in IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E format).
A3.2.1.6 The following Speed Governor System parameters shall be provided for
each non-reheat steam, or gas turbine Generating Unit:
(i) Governor average gain;
(ii) speeder motor setting range;
(iii) speed droop characteristic curve;
(iv) time constant of steam or fuel governor valve;
(v) governor valve opening limits;
(vi) governor valve rate limits; and

(vii) time constant of turbine.

A3.2.1.7 The following Plant flexibility performance data shall be submitted for each
Generating Unit:
(i) rate of loading following weekend Shutdown (Generating Unit and
Generating Station);
(ii) rate of loading following an overnight Shutdown (Generating Unit
and Generating Station);
(iii) block load following synchronizing;
(iv) rate of Load Reduction from normal rated MW;
(v) regulating range; and
(vi) Load rejection capability while still Synchronized and able to
supply Load.
A3.2.1.8 The following auxiliary Demand data shall be submitted:
(i) normal station service (auxiliary) load supplied by each Generating
Unit at rated MW;
(ii) auxiliary or Start-up Power requirements;
(iii) sensitivity to automatic and planned Interruptions;
(iv) non Generator related on-Site loads;
(v) each Generating Station auxiliary load other than (i) above, and
where the station auxiliary load is supplied from the Grid.
A3.2.2 User System Data
A3.2.2.1 For all HV motors of size 10,000 HP and above, the following for each
such motor:
(i) type;
(ii) MW rating;
(iii) MVA rating;
(iv) Power Factor;
(v) full-load current rating;
(vi) starting method and starting current;
(vii) number of start ups per day;
(viii) torque/speed characteristics for the motor;
(ix) torque/speed characteristics for the relevant load;
(x) inertia constant for the motor and the driven load; and
(xi) dynamic parameters (for synchronous motors).

A3.2.2.2 For each transformer between the Transmission System and the User
System, the following:
(i) MVA rating;
(ii) rated voltage ratio;
(iii) winding arrangement and vector group;
(iv) positive sequence resistance and reactance;
(v) zero sequence reactance;
(vi) tap changer type: on-load or off-load;
(vii) tap changer range and step size; and
(viii) Grounding method: direct, resistance or reactance.
A3.2.2.3 To facilitate the TSP to undertake transient over voltage and insulation
coordination studies, the TSP may require from a User the following data:
(i) Busbar layout, including dimensions and geometry together with
electrical parameters of any associated Current Transformers,
Voltage Transformers, wall bushings, and support insulators;
(ii) physical and electrical parameters of lines, cables, transformers,
reactors and shunt compensator Equipment connected at that
Busbar or by lines or cables to that Busbar.
(iii) specification details of all Apparatus connected directly or by lines
and cables to the Busbar including basic insulation levels;
(iv) characteristics of over voltage Protection at the Busbar and at the
termination of lines and cables connected at the Busbar;
(v) Generating Unit or Station transformer details (whether three or
five limb cores or single phase units) and operating peak flux
density at nominal voltage.
A3.2.2.4 For any User Protection Equipment which can trip or inter-trip or close any
Connection Point circuit breaker or any TSP circuit breaker, the following
data:
(i) full description, including estimated settings, for all relays and
Protection Systems installed or to be installed on the User System;
(ii) a full description of any auto-reclose facility installed or to be
installed on the User System, including type and time delays;
(iii) a full description, including estimated settings, for all relays and
Protection Systems or to be installed on the Generating Unit,

Generating Unit transformer, Station transformer and their

associated connections;
(iv) for Generating Units having (or intending to have) a circuit breaker
at the Generating Unit terminal voltage, clearance times for
electrical Faults within the Generating Unit zone;
(v) the most probable Fault clearance time for electrical Faults on any
part of the User System directly connected to the Transmission
System.

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 4: Operating Code
CHAPTER 4 OPERATING CODE
4.1 Chapter Overview
This chapter covers a range of issues relating to the proper operation of the
Grid. The provisions of this chapter are organized in to the following 9
sections:
Section 4.2, Operational Demand Forecasts, specifies the procedure to be

followed and the data to be supplied by Participants to enable the TSP to
prepare Demand Forecasts for different operational time horizons.
Section 4.3, Outage Planning, covers the procedure for coordinating of

Planned Outages and unscheduled Outages for the Transmission System
and the User facilities to ensure and maintain Reliability and Security on the
Grid in accordance with approved standards.
Section 4.4, System Services, deals with arranging and providing of System
Services essential for the proper functioning of the Grid, specifically the
following:
o Frequency Control;
o Voltage Control;
o System Control;
o Operating Margin; and
o Black Start.
Section 4.5, Operational Liaison, specifies the arrangement regarding

reporting of Operations and Events among the Participants and also on the
requirements regarding jointly investigating and preparing written reports on
Significant Incidents.

Section 4.6, Operational Communication, covers the requirements relating to

communication facilities between the Grid Participants for timely exchange of
data and information to ensure proper Grid operation.
Section 4.7, Contingency Planning, specifies the necessary requirements to

deal with contingencies on the Transmission System and to ensure recovery
of the Transmission System from Total or Partial Shutdown.
Section 4.8, Operational Testing, specifies the procedures for arranging of

Operational Tests that involve simulating of conditions or the controlled
application of irregular, unusual or extreme conditions on the total or part of
the System.
Section 4.9, Testing to Monitor, Investigate, and Verify Performance, specifies

the procedures to enable the TSP in the monitoring and Testing of Users’
compliance with their obligations under the Grid Code and to ensure that the
agreed System Services are actually available.
Section 4.10, Cross-boundary Safety Assurance, covers the procedures for

coordinating, establishing, and maintaining of Safety Precautions to allow
work or Testing to be done across the Connection Point boundary.
4.2 Operational Demand Forecasts

4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.1.1 This section deals with Demand forecasting for operational purposes, and
lays down the procedures to be followed and data to be supplied by Users to
the TSP to enable the TSP to forecast Demand on the Transmission System
for the period ranging from five (5) years ahead down to real time operation.
4.2.1.2 This section also deals with the provision of data on Demand Control in the
Operational Planning Phase, the Programming Phase, Control Phase, and
the Post Control Phase.
4.2.1.3 The TSP shall be responsible for developing Demand Forecasts for the
Operational Planning Phase after taking into account the Demand Forecasts
supplied by Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers.

4.2.1.4 In the Programming Phase and Control Phase, the TSP shall develop its own
Demand Forecasts after taking into account, information to be furnished by
Distribution Entities, Directly-connected Customers, and Generators.
4.2.2 Definitions
4.2.2.1 In this section, a reference to Year 0 shall mean the current calendar year,
Year 1 shall mean the next calendar year, Year 2 shall mean the calendar
year after Year 1, and so forth.
4.2.2.2 A reference to data being supplied on an hourly basis shall refer to it being
supplied for each period of 60 minutes ending on the hour.
4.2.2.3 Reactive Power Demand shall include the series reactive losses of the User
System bus but exclude any network susceptance and any reactive
compensation on that System. The TSP shall obtain the lumped network
susceptance and details of the reactive compensation from the data supplied
by the User as provided in Chapter 3: Planning Code.
4.2.3 Objectives
The objectives of this section are to specify:

(i) the requirements for Grid Users to provide Demand and Generating
Plant output data to the TSP to enable it to plan and maintain
sufficient level of Generation Capacity and Operating Margin in the
System to meet Demand; and
(ii) the factors which the TSP will consider when forecasting Demand
during the Operational Programming and Control Phases.
4.2.4 Data Required by the TSP for Operational Demand Forecasting
4.2.4.1 Each User shall supply data to the TSP in relation to that User’s Demand and
Active Energy relating to various operational phases as stated in the relevant
parts of this section. Figure 4.1 highlights timescales involved with each
Phase.

Operational Planning Phase

End
Year 0 (i) Distribution Entities and Directly-connected
Customers provide forecast of Active Demand and
Start of Energy for the next 5 years to the TSP.
Year1 (ii) The TSP develops 5-year Demand Forecast
By End
March
Programming Phase
8 weeks (i) Each Saturday, Distribution Entities and Directly-
ahead of connected Customers provide to the TSP, MW profile,
Schedule on hourly and Connection Point basis, of Demand
Day
Control for the next 8 weeks
(ii) The TSP develops 8-weeks Demand Forecast
Control Phase
Day (i) Distribution Entities and Directly-connected
ahead of Customers provide to the TSP Demand changes, on
Schedule hourly and Connection Point basis.
Day
(ii) The TSP develops day-ahead Demand Forecast
Schedule
Day
Post-Control Phase
Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers
Subsequent provide to TSP, on hourly and Connection Point basis,
Day
the actual Demand Control carried out.
Figure 4.1. Description and time flow of various operational planning phases

4.2.4.2 Operational Planning Phase (Year 1 to Year 5)
(i) No later than 31 January each year, the TSP shall notify each User in
writing of the following (for the current year and for each of the
succeeding five (5) calendar years:
(a) the date and time of its expected annual peak Demand at
Annual Maximum Demand Conditions; and
(b) the date and time of its expected annual minimum Demand at
Average Conditions.
(ii) By end of March each year, every User, as further elaborated below,
shall provide to the TSP in writing, the forecast information listed
below for the current year and each of the succeeding five (5)
calendar years:
(a) for each Distribution Entity (summed over all Connection
Points) and for each Directly-connected Customers (at the
Connection Point), the hourly forecast profile of Active Power
Demand for the day of that User’s Maximum Demand and for
the specified day of the annual peak Demand of the TSP, both
at their respective Annual Maximum Demand Conditions;
(b) for each Distribution Entity (summed over all Connection
Points) and for each Directly-connected Customer (at the
Connection Point) the annual Active Energy requirements for
Average Conditions segregated into different usage categories
such as, residential, commercial, Government, industrial,
agriculture, street lighting, hospitals, etc., wherever practicable;
(c) for each Distribution Entity (summed over all Connection
Points) and Directly-connected Customer (at the Connection
Point) the hourly forecast profile of Active Demand for the
specified day of the minimum Demand of the TSP at Average
Conditions;
(d) individual Connection Point Demand (Active Power) and
Power Factor at Annual Maximum Demand Conditions for the
annual peak hour at the Connection Point and at the specified
hour of the annual peak of the TSP Demand; and

(e) individual Connection Point Demand (Active Power ) and

Power Factor at Average Conditions at the specified hour of
the annual minimum Demand of the TSP.
(iii) If the Busbar at a Connection Point is expected to be operated in
separate sections, separate sets of Forecast Data for each section
shall be provided to the TSP.
(iv) The TSP will use the information supplied to it in preparing Forecast
Demand information for the next five years and for use in its
operational planning.
4.2.4.3 Programming Phase (1 to 8 weeks ahead of the Schedule Day)
For 1 to 8 weeks ahead of the Schedule Day, each Distribution Entity and
Directly-connected Customer shall supply to the TSP, in writing, by 10:00
hours each Saturday, hourly MW profiles of the amount and duration of their
proposed use of Demand Control which may result in a Demand change of
five (5) MW or more on an hourly and Connection Point basis.
4.2.4.4 Control Phase
Each Distribution Entity and Directly-connected Customer shall inform the

TSP of any Demand Control which may result in a Demand change of five (5)
MW or more averaged over any hour on any Connection Point which is
planned after 10:00 hours, and of any changes to the planned Demand
Control notified to the TSP prior to 10:00 hours as soon as possible after the
formulation of the new plans.
4.2.4.5 Post-Control Phase
Each Distribution Entity and Directly-connected Customer shall supply to the

TSP in writing by 10:00 hours each day Active and Reactive Power data in
terms of MW profiles for the previous calendar day of the amount and
duration of actual Demand reduction achieved from the use of Demand
Control of five (5) MW or more (averaged over any hour on any Connection
Point), on an hourly and Connection Point basis.
4.2.5 Transmission System Forecasts
4.2.5.1 The following factors will be taken into account by the TSP when conducting
Demand Forecasts in the Programming Phase and Control Phase:
(i) historic Demand data including Transmission System losses;

(ii) socioeconomic growth projections of the country;

(iii) weather forecasts and the current and historic weather conditions;
(iv) the incidence of major Events or activities which are known to the TSP
in advance;
(v) Embedded Generating Unit/Station Schedules;
(vi) Demand Control of five (5) MW or more proposed to be exercised by
Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers and of which
the TSP has been informed; and
(vii) other information supplied by the Users.
4.2.5.2 The TSP will prepare unbiased forecasts of the Transmission System
Demand using a sound forecast methodology which will take into account the
above factors to the maximum possible extent.
4.3 Outage Planning
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.1.1 This section specifies conditions, requirements, and procedures that the TSP
and Users shall follow to match Generation Capacity with Forecast Demand
on the Transmission System over various operational planning horizons in
order to achieve, to the maximum possible degree, the Reliability and
Security standards expected of the TSP.
4.3.1.2 The section mainly concerns with the following:
(i) the planning, coordination, and approval of scheduled and un-
scheduled Outages of the Generating Unit and the Transmission
System; and
(ii) the provision of planning parameters to the TSP by Generators for
operational planning purposes only.
4.3.1.3 The provisions of this section shall apply to all proposed Outages that may
affect the ability of a Generating Unit to achieve its full Registered Capacity
appropriate to each Registered Fuel in accordance with its Registered
Operating Characteristics.
4.3.1.4 This section also mandates the Generators to inform the TSP of any other
proposed maintenance of a Generating Unit or any associated Power Station
Plant or Apparatus, which can affect the availability of System Services from
that Generating Unit.

4.3.1.5 In complying with the various provisions of this section, each Grid Participant
shall act reasonably, in good faith, and in accordance with Good Industry
Practices when planning Outages for its own system and also when
coordinating the scheduling of these Outages with those of the others. This
will be imperative to avoid a situation arising in which a Participant is obliged
to request an Outage during the Outage Planning process as a consequence
of that Participant’s not having planned its Outages in accordance with Good
Industry Practice.
4.3.2 Definitions
In this section, a reference to Year 0 shall mean the current calendar year,
Year 1 shall mean the next calendar year, Year 2 shall mean the calendar
year after Year 1, and so forth.
4.3.3 Objective
The key objective of Outage Planning is to promote the developing and

implementing of an orderly Generation and Transmission Outage Program
that is consistent with reliable and secure operation of the Transmission
System, and also addresses the needs of the Generators for Plant
maintenance and resource limitations. In specific, to define the following:
(i) the procedure for formal notification of Outages by Generators to the
TSP; and
(ii) the procedures that the TSP will use to prepare, review, and notify the
Indicative, Provisional, and Committed Outage Programs for the Grid.
4.3.4 Planning of Generating Unit Outages
4.3.4.1 The Outage planning process in respect of a Generating Unit shall commence
not later than five (5) years prior to the scheduled Operational Date or from
the date of the relevant agreements, whichever is the later. The process shall
culminate in developing of the following three Programs scheduled over the
time scales indicated against each:
(i) Committed Outage Program, covering real time up to end of Year 1;
(ii) Provisional Outage Program, covering Year 2-3; and
(iii) Indicative Outage Program, covering Year 4-5.
The time horizon for planning of Generation Outages is shown in Figure 4.2
below.

Year 4 and Year 5 Year 2 and Year 3 March till end -Year 1
Indicative Provisional Committed

Outage Outage Outage
Program Program Program
Figure 4.2. Program horizon for Generating Unit Outages
4.3.4.2 In rolling over the Generation Outage Program from one year to the next, for
every year (except, in any such case, to the extent that the Generator is
reasonably responding to changed circumstances), the procedure set out
below is to be followed:
(i) submissions by the Generator for Year 2 should reflect the current
Provisional Outage Program for Year 3; and
(ii) submissions by the Generator for Year 1 should reflect the current
Provisional Outage Program for Year 2.
4.3.4.3 The procedure set out below is to be followed in each calendar year.
4.3.4.4 By the end of March Year 0
(i) Generators shall provide the TSP in writing, for each Generating Unit,
the following details of Planned Outages and estimates of probabilities
of Forced Outages for including in the Committed, Provisional, and
Indicative Outage Programs as defined in (4.3.4.1) above:
(a) identity of the Generating Units concerned;
(b) MW unavailable (and MW that will still be available, if any,
notwithstanding the Outage);
(c) expected duration of the Outage;

(d) preferred start date and start time or range of start dates and
start times;
(e) whether the Outage is a Flexible Planned Outage or an
Inflexible Planned Outage;
(f) if it is a Flexible Planned Outage, the period for which the
Outage could be deferred if requested by the TSP, which shall
be not less than thirty (30) days in length, and the period for
which the Outage could be advanced at the request of the
TSP, which shall be not less than ten (10) days in length.
(ii) In relation to (e) above, the Generator must provide the TSP with such
evidence as the TSP may reasonably require in order to substantiate
the declaration as an Inflexible Planned Outage. If the Generator fails
to establish to the reasonable satisfaction of the TSP that the Outage
is required to be an Inflexible Planned Outage, the Outage shall be
deemed to have been submitted as a Flexible Planned Outage with an
attendant Flexible Planned Outage period of ten (10) days for
advancement and thirty (30) days for deferment.
(iii) The updates to the program for a previously submitted Year when, by
the passage of time, that Year becomes a new Year (for instance,
Year 3 becoming Year 2) may only reflect the Generator's reasonable
response to changed circumstances and changes which, in the
context of the Outage Program, are minimal in their effect on the
operation of the Transmission System, otherwise it must reflect the
Provisional Outage Program for that Year issued previously.
4.3.4.5 Between the end of March and the end of September Year 0
(i) The TSP shall conduct Reliability analysis of the Transmission System
for the operational planning horizon in light of the proposed Outages,
and calculate the weekly peak Generation Capacity required from
Generating Unit/Station for the various planning periods (Year 0, 1, 2,
etc.) by considering the following factors:
(a) Demand Forecasts;
(b) the TSP’s estimate of User Demand Control;
(c) the Operating Margin as set by the TSP;
(d) Transmission System and Distribution System constraints; and

(e) Transmission System and Distribution System Outages to

ensure that, in general, these have the least restraint on
Generating Unit Outages.
(ii) During this period the TSP may, as appropriate, contact any User
which has supplied information to seek clarification on information
received or such additional relevant information as is reasonable. The
TSP shall also notify to Generators any concerns for their submitted
Programs and make efforts to settle them through discussion. If these
can not be resolved mutually, the TSP shall proceed to settle the issue
in accordance with the Regulatory Guidelines for such matters.
4.3.4.6 By the end of September Year 0
(i) The TSP will, having taken into account the information notified to it
and, having discussed it with Users if appropriate, or settled in
accordance with Regulatory Guidelines, provide each Generator and
Distribution Entity in writing with a final Outage Program showing the
Generating Units that may be potentially withdrawn from service
during each week of Years 0,1,2 3,4, and 5 for a Planned Outage and
showing the Flexible Planned Outage Periods, by way of amendment
to, or confirmation of, the suggested Outage Program submitted by
the Generator.
(ii) The final Outage Program may differ from the suggested Outage
Program as follows:
(a) the Flexible Planned Outages and Inflexible Planned Outages
may have been moved to coordinate all Outage proposals
received by the TSP or for reasons relating to the proper
operation of the Transmission System. When dealing with Year
2 and subsequent Years, the TSP will give priority to including
proposed Inflexible Planned Outages for the dates proposed
by the Generator in the case of newly proposed Inflexible
Planned Outages and for the dates included in the Outage
Program prepared the previous September in the case of
Inflexible Planned Outages which were included in that Outage
Program; and
(b) a Flexible Planned Outage may have been re-designated as
an Inflexible Planned Outage.

(iii) In situations, where the TSP could not otherwise meet its statutory or
regulatory obligations, it may request that a Flexible Planned Outage
or an Inflexible Planned Outage be either excluded from the
Committed or Provisional Outage Program or may be re-scheduled to
make it acceptable.
4.3.4.7 Amendments to Planned Outages
In the case of:

(i) a Flexible Planned Outages which the TSP would like to move outside
the Flexible Planned Outage Period,
(ii) a Flexible Planned Outage which the TSP would like to move within
the Flexible Planned Outage Period on less than seven (7) days
notice, or
(iii) an Inflexible Planned Outage which the TSP would like to move,
the TSP may, upon giving the Generator a written notice, request that the
start date or start time of a Planned Outage be advanced or deferred. If the
Generator agrees to such advancement or deferral, or the TSP and the
Generator agree to some other advancement or deferral, the Generator will
take the Outage in accordance with that agreement.
4.3.4.8 Generating Unit Substitution
A Generator may, on reasonable grounds, by notice in writing submitted to

the TSP at any time during Year 0, request that a Generating Unit for which
there is a Flexible Planned Outage or an Inflexible Planned Outage, as
specified in the final Outage Program, remain in service and that one of the
other Generating Units at the same Power Station (having substantially the
same contracted Generation Capacity and Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameters) be permitted to be taken out of service during the period for
which such Flexible Planned Outage or Inflexible Planned Outage has been
planned. The TSP shall not unreasonably withhold its consent to such
substitution and, if the TSP does consent, the final Outage Program shall be
amended and the Generator shall be entitled to take the Outage accordingly.
4.3.4.9 Short Term Planned Maintenance (STPM) Outage
(i) A Generator may request the TSP at any time during Year 0, by giving
not less than seven (7) days notice before the earliest start date, for a

Short Term Planned Maintenance (STPM) Outage. The request notice

must contain the following information:
(a) identity of the Generating Unit(s) concerned;
(b) MW on Outage (and MW which would still be available, if any,
(c) required duration of the Outage (which must not exceed
seventy-two (72) hours); and
(d) preferred start date and start time or range of start dates and
start times.
(ii) On receipt of a request, the TSP shall consider the request and shall,
after discussing the position with the Generator, reply within three (3)
Business Days in writing indicating:
(a) acceptance of the request, confirming the requested start time
and duration of the STPM Outage;
(b) proposals for the advancement or deferment of the requested
STPM Outage, indicating alternative start time and duration; or
(c) rejection of the request.
(iii) If the TSP accepts the request, the STPM Outage, if taken, must be
taken by the Generator in accordance with the request. If the TSP has
indicated an alternative start time and/or duration, the TSP and the
Generator must discuss the alternative and any other options which
may arise during the discussion. If agreement is reached, then the
Outage, if taken, must be taken by the Generator in accordance with
the agreement. If the request is refused by the TSP or if agreement is
not reached then the Generator will not take the Outage.
(iv) If, for a particular Generating Unit, the TSP has rejected the requests
on two successive occasions which were not less than seven (7) days
apart, the TSP may consider accepting the third request. However, the
TSP may require that such Outage, if it is to be during the three
months of peak summer Demand, be deferred if in the TSP’s
reasonable opinion (were the Outage not to be deferred):
(a) the statutory or regulatory obligations could not be met; or
(b) there would otherwise be insufficient Generation Capacity to
meet Forecast Demand and the Operating Margin.

(v) Any such deferral shall be for so long as the above circumstances
exist, but shall not be beyond the end of the month following the end
of the three months of peak summer Demand.
(vi) In the event that an STPM Outage is scheduled pursuant to (4.3.4.9),
the TSP shall confirm the details within one(1) Business Day after the
details of the STPM Outage have been settled. Such notice shall
contain the following information:
(a) the identity of the Generating Unit(s) concerned;
(b) MW on Outage (and MW which would still be available, if any,
(c) duration of the Outage; and
(d) the start date and start time of the Outage.
4.3.4.10 Notified Unplanned Outages
(i) A Generator must, if it considers that a Generating Unit will require an

Outage which cannot reasonably be deferred to become a Planned
Outage or a STPM Outage but of which it has some advance warning,
give the TSP as much notice as is reasonably possible. Such notice
must include an identification of the Generating Unit, the expected
start date and start time and duration of the Unplanned Outage, and
the nature of the Outage together with the MW on Outage (that is, MW
which will not be available as a result of the Outage and that which will
still be available, if any). The TSP will acknowledge such notice as
soon as reasonably possible after the notice is received by the TSP.
(ii) The TSP may request the Generator to advance or defer the Outage.
If the Generator agrees to such a request, the Generator shall send
the TSP a written notice confirming this agreement. The TSP will
acknowledge this notice. The Generator must then (subject to any
intervening Outage) take the Outage in accordance with that
agreement.
4.3.4.11 Forced Outages
(i) In the event that a Generating Unit suffers a Forced Outage, the
Generator shall inform the TSP within ten (10) minutes of the
commencement of the Outage. As soon as possible after the
commencement of the Outage, the Generator shall also inform the

TSP of the cause of the Outage and the Generator's best estimate of
the date and time by which the Generating Unit is likely to be repaired
and restored to its full level of Availability. If the Generator is unable
for any reason to comply with this requirement, the Generator shall not
later than twenty-four (24) hours after the commencement of the
Forced Outage, provide the TSP such information as is then known to
the Generator regarding the date and time of return from such Outage
and shall provide such updates thereafter as the TSP may reasonably
require.
(ii) In such an event, the TSP shall have the right to inspect the
Generating Unit and all relevant records on any Business Day and at
a reasonable time. The Generator shall fully cooperate with the TSP
during any such inspection.
(iii) A Generator shall use all reasonable endeavors to ensure that,
following a Forced Outage, the Generating Unit is repaired and
restored to its full level of Availability as soon as possible and in
accordance with Good Industry Practice.
4.3.4.12 Release of Generating Units
(i) The Generators may only undertake Planned Outages with the TSP
agreement in accordance with the Outage Program produced
pursuant to the provisions of this section.
(ii) In real time operation, Generating Units must not be withdrawn for a
Planned Outage or a Short Term Planned Maintenance (STPM)
Outage without express formal permission of the TSP for such release
according to the procedures set out below.
(iii) The TSP’s express formal permission shall specify:
(a) the identity of the Generating Unit and MW on Outage (and MW
which would still be Available, if any, notwithstanding the Outage);
(b) the duration of the Outage; and
(c) the start date and start time of the Outage.
(iv) The TSP may withhold its permission for the release of a Generating
Unit for a Planned Outage or a Short Term Planned Maintenance
Outage where such Outage has previously been planned in
accordance with this section’s provisions where, in the TSP’s
reasonable opinion (were such Outage not to be deferred):

(a) the statutory or regulatory obligations could not be met; or

(b) there would be insufficient Generation Capacity to meet Forecast
Demand and the Operating Margin.
(v) The TSP may require the Generator to continue to defer such Outage
for as long as the above situation exists.
4.3.4.13 Return to Service and Overruns
(i) For a Planned Outage, not later than seven (7) days before the expiry
of the Flexible Planned Outage period or the Inflexible Planned
Outage period, the Generator must notify the TSP either that its
Generating Unit is returning to service earlier than expected, or at the
time and date expected, or later than expected and if, upon return, it is
expected to be fully available. Where a Generating Unit is not
expected to be fully available upon its return to service, the Generator
shall state the MW level at which the Generating Unit is expected to
be available. In the case of a Generating Unit which is capable of firing
both on gas and on oil, the Availability must be stated for each fuel.
(ii) In the case of a return from a Planned Outage later than expected, the
notice of return to service must be given not later than required above
and shall state the reason for the delay in the return of the Generating
Unit to service and the Generator’s best estimate of the date and time
at which the Generating Unit will return to service.
(iii) In the case of a return from a Planned Outage earlier than expected, a
notice of return to service must be given as far as possible in advance
of return, but in any event not later than required above.
(iv) A Generator must use all reasonable endeavors to ensure that, in
respect of each Planned Outage of the Generator’s Generating Units,
the Outage schedule as included in the Committed Outage Program
(or as moved in accordance with the provisions of this section) is
followed.
(v) Before returning from any Outage other than a Planned Outage, a
Generator must inform the TSP, as far in advance as reasonably
possible that its Generating Unit is returning to service. The Generator
must, in addition, give an Availability Notice in accordance with the
provisions of Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code on the day

prior to the Schedule Day on which the Generating Unit is to return to

service.
(vi) If at any time during an Outage the Generator becomes aware that its
Generating Unit will not have been maintained, repaired or restored to
be available by the expiry of the period specified for the duration of the
Outage in the Committed Outage Program or as otherwise notified in
the case of Outages other than Planned Outages, the Generator shall
notify the TSP immediately in writing stating the reason(s) for the
delay and the Generator's best estimate of the date and time by which
the Generating Unit will actually have been maintained, repaired, or
restored to be available in accordance with the provisions of Chapter
5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code.
4.3.5 Planning of Transmission System Outages
4.3.5.1 The procedure set out in this subsection shall be followed in each calendar
year for planning of Transmission System Outages (see Figure 4.3 below).
Year 2 and Year 3 For Year 1 March till end -Year 0
Indicative Provisional Committed

Outage Outage Outage
Program Program Program
Figure 4.3. Program Horizon for Transmission System Outages
4.3.5.2 The TSP shall plan Transmission System Outages required in Years 2 and 3
as a result of construction or refurbishment works taking due account of the
known requirements. The planning of Transmission System Outages required

in Years 0 and 1 ahead will, in addition, take into account Transmission

System Outages required as a result of maintenance.
4.3.5.3 Transmission System Outages and Generating Unit Outages shall, during
Years 2 and 3 but not in Year 1 or before, be coordinated so that, in general,
the Generating Unit Outages shall take precedence over Transmission
System Outages but subject always, in any particular case, to the TSP
discretion to determine otherwise on the basis of reasons relating to the
proper operation of the Transmission System.
4.3.5.4 Indicative Outage Planning – Planning for Year 2 and 3
By the end of September Year 0, the TSP will draw up a draft Transmission
System Outage Program covering the period Years 2 and 3 for TSP’s internal
use and will notify each User in writing of those aspects of the draft plan
which may operationally affect such User including, in particular, proposed
start dates and end dates of relevant Transmission System Outages. The
TSP will indicate to a Generator where a need may exist to use inter-tripping
or other measures including restrictions on the Scheduling and Dispatch of
Generating Units to allow the Security of the Transmission System to be
maintained within the statutory or regulatory requirements.
4.3.5.5 Provisional Operational Planning - Planning for Year 1
The plan produced pursuant to (4.3.5.4) will become the draft Transmission
System Outage Program for Year 1 when, by the passage of time, Year 2
becomes Year 1. Each calendar year, the TSP shall update the draft
Transmission System Outage plan and shall, in addition, take into account
Outages required as a result of maintenance work.
(i) By the end of June Year 0, the TSP will draw up a draft Provisional
Transmission Outage Program and will inform each User of any
potential restrictions which may affect it and generally the impact on
the Transmission System in Year 1.
(ii) Where a User objects to the proposed restrictions or impact notified to

it in (i) above, equivalent provisions to those set out in (4.3.4.5[ii]) will
apply.

(iii) Between the end of June and the end of September Year 0, the
TSP will draw up a final Transmission System Outage Plan covering
Year 1.
(iv) By the end of September Year 0, the TSP will issue the final
Transmission System Outage Plan for Year 1. The TSP will notify
each User in writing of those aspects of the plan which may
operationally affect that User including, in particular, proposed start
dates and end dates of relevant Transmission System Outages. The
TSP will also indicate where a need exists to use inter-tripping,
emergency switching, emergency load management, or other
measures including restrictions on the Scheduling and Dispatch of
Generating Units to allow the Security of the Transmission System to
be maintained within allowable limits.
4.3.5.6 Committed Outage Planning - Year 0 down to the Programming Phase
The Transmission System Outage plan for Year 1 issued under section
(4.3.5.5) will become the Committed Outage Program for Year 0 when by the
passage of time Year 1 becomes Year 0.
4.3.5.7 Programming Phase
(i) By 14:00 hours each Wednesday, the TSP shall update the
Transmission System Outage plan for the following one (1) week
period beginning on the Saturday.
(ii) The TSP will notify each User in writing of those aspects of the plan
which may operationally affect such User including in particular
proposed start dates and end dates of relevant Transmission System
Outage. The TSP will also indicate where a need exists to use inter-
tripping, emergency switching, emergency load management, or other
measures including, restrictions on the Dispatch of Generating Units
to allow the Security of the Transmission System to be maintained
within allowable limits.
(iii) During the Programming Phase, the User and the TSP will inform
each other immediately if there is any unavoidable requirement to
depart from the Outage Plan and actions determined and notified
under this subsection.

4.3.6 Data Requirements
4.3.6.1 When requested initially under a Power Purchase Agreement and thereafter
by end of December each calendar year, each Generator shall in respect of
each of its Generating Units submit to the TSP in writing the Generator
Performance Chart and the Generation Planning Parameters to be applied
from the beginning of next year onwards, using the schedules provided in
Chapter 6: Data and Information Exchange Code. The Generation Planning
Parameters shall be used by the TSP for Operational Planning purposes only
and not in Scheduling and Dispatch.
4.3.6.2 In the case of a Generating Unit which is capable of firing on two different
fuels, the Generator must submit to the TSP, by separate written notifications,
the Generation Planning Parameters in respect of each fuel, clearly marked to
indicate for which fuel it applies, and also the primary and the standby fuel.
4.3.6.3 The Generator Performance Chart must be on a Generating Unit specific
basis at the Generating Unit terminals and must include details of the
Generator step-up transformer parameters and demonstrate the limitation on
Reactive Power capability of the Transmission System voltage at three (3)%
above nominal.
4.3.6.4 For each Generating Unit whose performance varies significantly with
ambient temperature, the Generator Performance Chart shall show curves for
at least two values of ambient temperature so that the TSP can assess the
variation in performance over all likely ambient temperatures by a process of
linear interpolation or extrapolation. One of these curves shall be for the
ambient temperature at which the Generating Unit output equals its
Registered Capacity.
4.4 System Services
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.1.1 This section deals with System Services which are essential to the proper
functioning of the Transmission System, and which also determine the Quality
of supply. This section specifically deals with the following System Services:
(i) Frequency Control;
(ii) Voltage Control;
(iii) System Control;
(iv) Operating Margin; and

(v) Black Start.

4.4.1.2 The TSP shall have control over all System Services, that is, it shall
determine what System Services are to be provided, when, and by whom.
4.4.2 Objectives
The objectives of this section are:

(i) to establish a policy to ensure Frequency Control capability in the
Transmission System for operational control by the TSP, and to set
out appropriate procedures to enable the TSP to control the
Transmission System frequency and (insofar as possible) maintain it
within the limits specified in Chapter 2: Connection Code;
(ii) to set out control strategies to be used by the TSP, in conjunction with
Users where appropriate, for controlling the Transmission System
voltages;
(iii) to describe the various time scales for which Operating Margins are
required, the policy which will govern the Dispatch of the reserves,
and the procedures for monitoring the performance of Generating
Units and other reserve providers; and
(iv) to set out requirements relating to Black Start Stations to enable the
TSP to recover the Transmission System from a Partial or Total
Shutdown.
4.4.3 Frequency Control
4.4.3.1 The TSP will achieve Frequency Control through Primary Frequency Control
and Secondary Frequency Control, as set out below:
(i) Primary Frequency Control takes place in the period of up to thirty (30)
seconds after a change in frequency and is achieved by automatic
corrective measures to frequency deviations occurring on the
Transmission System. Automatic Primary Frequency Control Actions
in response to normal frequency fluctuations, within the levels
specified in (2.4.2) on the Transmission System are also commonly
termed as "Frequency Regulation".
(ii) frequency deviations, outside the levels specified in (2.4.2) such as
those that may occur on the loss of one or more Generating Unit(s), or
other MW input into the Transmission System or the Distribution
System are corrected through the use of Operating Reserve.

Secondary Frequency Control takes place in the time scale from 30

seconds up to 10 minutes after the change in frequency. It is provided
by a combination of automatic and manual actions.
4.4.3.2 Generation Speed Governor Systems
(i) To maintain Frequency Regulation capability in the Transmission

System, Generators are required to comply with the provisions of this
section at all times other than as permitted in exceptional
circumstances as laid down in (v) below.
(ii) Generating Units when Synchronized with the Transmission System
shall operate at all times under the control of a Speed Governor
System, unless otherwise specified by the TSP, with characteristics
within the appropriate ranges as specified in Chapter 2: Connection
Code;
(iii) No time delays other than those necessarily inherent in the design of
the Speed Governor System shall be introduced;
(iv) Governor Systems should, as a minimum, be fully responsive to
frequency deviations exceeding ± 0.05 Hz.
(v) The Generator may only restrict the Governor action in some
exceptional circumstances, to be agreed with the TSP in advance,
when doing so becomes essential for any of the following situations:
(a) for the Safety of personnel and/or to avoid damage to Plant;
(b) to secure the Reliability of the Generating Unit;
(c) the restriction is agreed between the TSP and the Generator in
advance;
(d) the restriction is in accordance with a Dispatch Instruction
issued by the TSP.
Such actions shall be brought to the notice of the TSP immediately,
and the TSP shall record them properly.
4.4.4 Voltage Control
4.4.4.1 To maintain Transmission System Security and integrity, to avoid damage to

the Transmission System and to User Plant, and to maintain voltages at User
Connection Points within the limits specified in Chapter 2: Connection Code,
the TSP shall exercise control of the Transmission System voltages.

4.4.4.2 The TSP shall strive to maintain sufficient availability of dynamic and static
Reactive Power capability in order to maintain Transmission System voltages
at Connection Points within the levels specified in (2.4.3) of Chapter 2:
Connection Code, at all times by means of one or more of the following
measures:
(i) the charging capacitance of the Transmission System;
(ii) User Mvar Demand;
(iii) Transmission System Mvar losses;
(iv) Generating Unit Mvar production or absorption;
(v) through on-load tap changing of Generating Unit step-up transformer;
(vi) Voltage Control facilities, such as capacitor banks and reactors; and
(vii) dynamic voltage support.
4.4.4.3 Voltage Control Policy
The TSP shall control System voltage to minimize system losses and cost of
System Services. The TSP shall determine and modify, as appropriate,
general procedures for use in controlling voltage on the Transmission
System. These procedures shall be formulated with due regard to minimizing
cost of the Transmission System operation and optimizing System Safety and
Reliability. In particular, the Voltage Control shall take cognizance of the daily,
weekly and seasonal factors, and the TSP shall determine:
(i) suitable target voltages in order to limit/control the effect of
Transmission capacitance;
(ii) best utilization of dedicated Voltage Control facilities; and
(iii) Mvar dynamic reserve requirements.
4.4.4.4 Voltage Control Methods
(i) The TSP shall continuously monitor the Transmission System

voltages. Appropriate voltage monitoring points shall be determined by
the TSP, taking account of the Voltage Control policy and in particular
of the Transmission System conditions pertaining at the time of
operation.
(ii) The TSP shall adjust Transmission System voltages, using control
facilities that are available so as to achieve the Mvar Capacity
necessary in order to operate the Transmission System voltages at
Connection Points within the levels specified in (2.4.3) and retain a

dynamic Mvar capability to deal with changing System conditions

which result from changes in Demand or changes in Transmission or
Generation configuration, whether as a result of Control Actions or
Faults.
(iii) The Excitation System of each Generating Unit shall be operated
under the control of a continuously acting Automatic Voltage
Regulator (AVR), which shall be set so as to maintain a constant
terminal voltage. The Generator may not disable or restrict the
operation of the AVR except in accordance with (iv) below, in which
event the Generator shall notify the TSP immediately.
(iv) The Generator may only disable or restrict the AVR action where:
(a) the action is essential for the Safety of personnel and/or Plant;
(b) in order to (acting in accordance with Good Industry Practice),
secure the Reliability of the Generating Unit; or
(c) the restriction is agreed between the TSP and the Generator in
advance.
In case the TSP either agrees to a restriction in AVR action or
instructs such a restriction, the TSP shall record the nature of the
restriction, as well as the reason(s), time of occurrence, and the
duration of the restriction.
(v) In situations when the Generating Unit is not operating under AVR, the
TSP may impose restrictions on the operation of the Generating Unit
in accordance with Good Industry Practice, to the extent necessary to
provide for safe and secure operation of the Transmission System
within prescribed standards, including where necessary instructing the
Generator to De-energize the Generating Unit. Where the TSP takes
such action, the TSP shall consult with the Generator as soon as
practicable in order to determine a safe operating regime, which
causes minimum restriction on the operation of the Generating Unit.
(vi) The TSP shall, by means of Dispatch Instructions (as detailed in
Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code), instruct Generators to
adjust the Reactive Power output of Generating Units, and the
relevant provisions of Chapter 5 shall apply.

(vii) Other facilities which shall be utilized by the TSP, where appropriate,
in order to exercise Voltage Control shall include one or more of the
following:
(a) switching in or out of dedicated Voltage Control facilities, such
as capacitor banks and reactors;
(b) tap-changing on (E)HV Transmission System transformers;
and/or
(c) switching out of Transmission (E)HV cables (and occasionally
Transmission lines) in order to reduce the capacitive
contribution of the Transmission System.
(viii) The TSP may, occasionally, reschedule Generating Units away from
their Nominations in order to achieve Transmission System voltages
at Connection Points within the levels specified in (2.4.3). However,
the TSP will resort to such rescheduling only to deal with emergencies
or contingencies that threaten the Stability and Security of the
4.4.4.5 Emergency or Exceptional Voltage Control
Additional Voltage Control mechanisms may be utilized in the event of

System Emergency Conditions. These shall include (but not limited to) the
following:
(i) Generators may be requested to operate Generating Units at Mvar
production or absorption levels outside their currently Declared
Operating Characteristics. This will be done by agreement between
the Generator and the TSP;
(ii) the TSP may also effect changes in System voltage by instructing, as
a form of Dispatch Instruction, the Generators to carry out a tap-
change on the main Generator transformer of several Generating
Units simultaneously; and
(iii) Demand Control may be used to prevent voltage from contravening
the low voltage limits as specified in (2.4.3) at the Connection Points.
4.4.5 System Control
4.4.5.1 In implementing the Transmission Outage Program, in normal operation of

the Transmission System, and in responding to Emergency and Fault
situations on the Transmission System, the TSP may need to carry out

network switching and Control Actions which may, from time to time, affect
the operations of Users or Security of supply to Users.
4.4.5.2 Operational network switching may be required by the TSP for a number of
purposes including the following:
(i) Outages of Transmission Plant and/or Apparatus for the purposes of
maintenance, new works, Operational Tests, Protection Testing, and
work by Users;
(ii) Outages of Transmission Plant and/or due to suspected or potential
Faults and Emergency repairs;
(iii) Voltage Control; or
(iv) limiting Power flows on the Transmission System to levels consistent
with the capabilities of the Transmission Plant and System Security.
4.4.5.3 System switching may also occur automatically and without advance warning
due to operation of Protection schemes in isolating or clearing of Faults on
Transmission Plant or on User Plant which is connected to the Transmission
System.
4.4.5.4 Automatic switching sequences may also be established to limit Power flows
or voltage or frequency deviations in the event of Faults elsewhere on the
4.4.5.5 Notification to Users of Control Actions
(i) The TSP will only inform the User of a Control Action on the
Transmission System if the Control Action has (or expected to have)
a Material Effect for the User.
(ii) Where the TSP is unable to inform the Users prior to the Control
Actions, then the provisions of (4.4.5.6) shall apply.
(iii) Where it is identified and agreed, in accordance with the terms of the
Connection Agreements and/or operating agreements, between the
TSP and a User that a specific Control Action (usually an action
affecting the Transmission System configuration) has an Operational
Effect on a User and that there is merit in notifying the User in
advance of the Control Action, then the TSP will notify the User of the
Control Action (if planned and where time permits), in accordance with
any standing agreement with the User.
(iv) Typical examples of actions notified in accordance with (iii) above may
include:

(a) notification to Users of a significant reduction in supply

Security to a Connection Point, where the User may arrange
standby feeding arrangements at lower voltages; and/or
(b) notification to a Directly-connected Customer of a significant
reduction in supply Security to a Connection Point (such as the
Outage of one of two Connections) where the Directly-
connected Customer may arrange standby supply or run in-
house Generation.
4.4.5.6 Control under Fault or Emergency Conditions
(i) In the event of a System Fault or Protection operation or other

automatic operation, it will not be possible to invoke standing
procedures in accordance with (4.4.5.5) prior to the occurrence of the
Control Action.
(ii) In the circumstances referred to above or in the event that the TSP
needs to implement Control Actions urgently and without informing
Users, then unless the situation is of a temporary nature and has been
rectified to normal, the TSP shall inform Users of the occurrence of the
actions.
(iii) The TSP shall also inform the Users as to the likely duration of the
condition and shall update this prognosis as appropriate. The TSP
shall additionally inform the Users when the condition no longer
prevails.
4.4.5.7 De-energization of Users by the TSP
(i) The TSP may have to De-energize a User's Plant and Apparatus from
time to time if, and to the extent, that the TSP reasonably considers it
necessary in order to provide for safe and secure operation of the
Transmission System in circumstances which otherwise cause or
likely to cause one or more of the following:
(a) risk to the Safety of personnel;
(b) risk to the Stability of the Transmission System;
(c) risk to the Transmission System or any User's Plant and/or
Apparatus;
(d) Transmission System elements to become loaded beyond their
emergency limits;

(e) voltage excursions on the Transmission System outside the

ranges specified in (2.4.3) of Chapter 2: Connection Code;
(f) any behavior causing sustained operation outside the normal
Transmission System operating frequency range;
(g) any material breach of a Connection Condition; or
(h) any action or inaction which places the TSP in breach of any
statutory or regulatory obligation.
(ii) The TSP will notify the relevant User ahead of time about the De-
energization, wherever it is practicable for the TSP, to allow the User
an opportunity and reasonable time to remedy/rectify the problem. In
extreme situations, however, when there is an imminent threat to the
Stability and Security of the System, the TSP will not be obliged to
notify the User ahead of the De-energization.
4.4.6 Operating Margin
4.4.6.1 In order to deal with Demand Forecast uncertainties and to safeguard against
a sudden loss of Generation from the Transmission System, it is imperative
that a suitable Operating Margin be maintained through the Control Phase.
Operating Margin is required to have Capacity available in the System that
can be utilized for reliable and secure balancing of supply and Demand.
4.4.6.2 Operating Margin is the additional output from Generating Plants or Demand
Control which is realizable in real time to aid in containing and correcting any
System frequency falling to an acceptable level due to loss of Generation or a
mismatch between supply and Demand.
4.4.6.3 The Operating Margin consists of Operating Reserve (further divided into 3
categories, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Operating Reserve) and
Contingency Reserve as further elaborated in the following paragraphs.
4.4.6.4 Operating Reserve
Operating Reserve’s definitions relate to the time elapsed from the

occurrence of an Event which has initiated a frequency disturbance. The
definition of the time at which the Event is deemed to have occurred and
other associated definitions are addressed in the terms and condition laid
down under Operating Margin Policy.

(i) Primary Operating Reserve
(a) Generating Unit providing Primary Operating Reserve for

Frequency Regulation as a System Service shall operate in an
automatic Frequency Sensitive Mode (also known as free-
governor mode) for automatic response of the Unit’s Power
output to changes in frequency. The Speed Governor Systems
of the Generating Unit shall have a maximum response time of
five (5) seconds. The automatic change in Active Power output
of a Generating Unit will also increase or decrease in response
to a System frequency decrease or increase.
(b) The Positive Primary Response is the automatic increase in
Active Power output of a Generating Unit in response to a
System frequency fall in accordance with the Primary Control
capability and additional mechanisms for releasing Active
Power. The Negative Primary Response is the automatic
decrease in Active Power output of a Generating Unit in
response to a System frequency rise in accordance with the
Primary Control capability and additional mechanisms for
reducing Active Power output.
(ii) Secondary Operating Reserve
Secondary Operating Reserve is the additional MW output (and/or

reduction in Demand) required compared to the pre-Incident output (or
Demand), which is fully available and sustainable over the period from
15 to 90 seconds following an Event.
(iii) Tertiary Operating Reserve
Tertiary Reserve is further divided into Band 1 and Band 2, as

explained below:
(a) Band 1: additional MW output (and/or reduction in Demand)
required compared to the pre-incident output (or Demand)
which is fully available and sustainable over the period from
ninety (90) seconds to five (5) minutes following an Event.
(b) Band 2: additional MW output (and/or reduction in Demand)
required compared to the pre-Incident output (or Demand)

which is fully available and sustainable over the period from

five (5) minutes to thirty (30) minutes following an Event.
4.4.6.5 Contingency Reserve
Contingency Reserve is the margin of available Generation Capacity over

Forecast Demand, which is required in the period from twenty-four (24) hours
ahead down to real time, to cover against uncertainties in availability of
Generation Capacity and also against weather forecast and Demand
Forecast uncertainties. Contingency Reserve is provided by Generating Plant
which is not required to be Synchronized, but which must be held available to
Synchronize with the System within a limited time scale.
4.4.6.6 Operating Margin Policy
Operating Reserve
(i) The TSP shall determine the amount of Primary Operating Reserve,
Secondary Operating Reserve, and Tertiary Operating Reserve to be
carried at any time to ensure system Security. Due consideration will
be given to relevant factors, including but not limited to the following:
(a) the relevant TSP operating policy in existence at that time;
(b) the extent to which User Disconnections allowed under the
relevant standard have already occurred within the then
relevant period;
(c) the elapsed time since the last User Disconnection Incident;
(d) particular events of national or widespread significance, which
may justify provision of additional Operating Reserve;
(e) the cost of providing Operating Reserve at any point in time;
(f) the magnitude and number of the largest Generation infeeds to
the Transmission System at that time, including infeeds over
external interconnections and also over single Transmission
feeders within the Transmission System;
(g) ambient weather conditions, insofar as they may affect (directly
or indirectly) Generating Unit and/or Transmission System
Reliability; and
(h) the predicted frequency drop on the loss of the largest infeed
as may be determined through simulation using a dynamic
model of the Power System.

(ii) The TSP shall keep records of significant alterations to the Operating
Margin policy as and when such alterations occur.
Responsibilities of the TSP in respect of Operating Reserve
(iii) The TSP shall, in accordance with Good Industry Practice, Dispatch
Generation and otherwise operate the Transmission System in
compliance with the TSP's determinations as to the Operating Margin
Policy made from time to time.
(iv) The TSP's sole responsibility, having met its obligations under the
preceding provisions of this subsection, shall be to, acting in
accordance with Good Industry Practice, Dispatch such Generating
Units as are required to meet:
(a) System Demand; and
(b) the level of Operating Reserve required by the TSP's then
Operating Margin policy.
Contingency Reserve
(v) The TSP shall determine the amount of Contingency Reserve required
for each time scale up to 24 hours ahead, taking due consideration of
relevant factors including but not limited to the following:
(a) historical Availability and Reliability performance of individual
Generating Units;
(b) notified risk to the Reliability of individual Generating Units;
and
(c) Demand Forecast uncertainties.
4.4.7 Black Start
4.4.7.1 In order to recover the Transmission System from a Partial or Total

Shutdown, it is necessary to have certain Generating Stations (Black Start
Stations) available which have the ability for at least one of their Generating
Units to Start-Up from Shutdown and to Energize a part of the System,
Synchronize to the System, and Energize dead bus, upon instruction from the
TSP within two (2) hours, without an external electrical Power supply.
4.4.7.2 In order to maintain Security on the Transmission System at all times, Black
Start Stations are required to comply with the provisions of this subsection.

4.4.7.3 The Generating Units agreeing to provide Black Start capability must provide
frequency and voltage within the prescribed limits during line Energization
and remote load pick up.
4.4.7.4 The TSP shall verify the actual performance of Black Start capability in the
event actual system Blackout conditions occur.
4.4.7.5 Generators providing Black Start capability will also be required to provide
voice and communication facilities linked with the TSP and capable of
operating without an external AC Power supply for the period as specified by
the TSP in the relevant agreement.
4.4.7.6 Requirements of Black Start Stations
Other than as permitted in accordance with (ii) below:

(i) During a Black Start situation, instructions relating to Black Start Stations
will be in the format required for instructions to Generating Units in
Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code, and will recognize any
differing Black Start operational capabilities (however termed) set out in
the relevant System Services Agreement in preference to the Declared
operational capability as registered pursuant to Chapter 5: Scheduling and
Dispatch Code. For the purposes of these instructions, the Black Start will
be an emergency circumstance. For Generating Units which are not Black
Start Units, Dispatch Instructions will recognize each Unit's Declared
operational capability as registered pursuant to Chapter 5: Scheduling and
Dispatch Code.
(ii) If during the Demand restoration process, any Black Start Unit cannot,
because of the Demand being experienced, keep within its safe operating
parameters, the Generator shall inform the TSP immediately. The TSP
will, where possible, either instruct Demand to be altered or will re-
configure the Transmission System or will instruct a User to re-configure
its System in order to alleviate the problem being experienced by the
Generator. However, the TSP acknowledges that any decision to keep a
Unit operating outside its safe operating parameters, is one for the
Generator concerned alone to make and understands that the Generator
may change Generation on that Unit if it believes that it is necessary for
Safety reasons (whether relating to personnel, Plant, and/or Apparatus). If
such a change is made without prior notice, then the Generator shall
inform the TSP as soon as reasonably practical.

(iii) The Generator shall report to the TSP all the required operational
procedures to operate the Black Start Unit.
4.5 Operational Liaison
4.5.1 Introduction
This section specifies the procedure and terms and conditions of Operational
Liaison between the TSP and the Users of the Transmission System to
ensure that the emergencies do not jeopardize the operation of the
Transmission System or the health of Plant and Equipment.
4.5.2 Objectives
The objectives of this section are the following:

(i) to provide a mechanism of coordination between all Participants to
ensure that communication of Operations, Events, and Significant
Incidents among them is timely and effective to minimize the
implications of such events on the integrity of the Transmission
System;
(ii) to specify the Significant Incident reports to be issued by the TSP to
Users, and by Users to the TSP, if any Significant Incident has
occurred on the Transmission System or the User System; and
(iii) to specify the procedure that the TSP shall adopt to investigate any
Significant Incident that materially affected the Quality of service to
another Participant.
4.5.3 Procedure for Notification of Operations, Events, and Significant

Incidents
4.5.3.1 The TSP shall notify an Operation, Event, and/or Significant Incident on the
Transmission System which may have an Operational Effect on the System of
any other Users.
4.5.3.2 A User shall notify an Operation, Event, and/or Significant Incident on the
System of that User which may have an Operational Effect on the
Transmission System. On notification by the relevant User, the TSP will notify
any other User(s) on whose System(s) the Operation, Event, or Significant
Incident will (or, in the TSP’s opinion, may) have an Operational Effect.

4.5.3.3 Timing and Form of Notification
A notification (via an acceptable medium) under this section shall be given as

far advance as practicable and shall be of sufficient detail to describe the
Operation and to enable the recipient of the notification reasonably to
consider and assess the implications and risks arising and will include the
name of the individual reporting the Operation on behalf of the TSP or the
User, as the case may be.
4.5.4 Significant Incidents
Where a User notifies the TSP pursuant to this section of an Event which the
TSP considers has had or may have had a significant effect on the
Transmission System, the TSP will require the User to report that Event in
writing in accordance with the provisions of this section. Such Event will be
termed a "Significant Incident" and may include the following:
(i) voltage outside operational limits;
(ii) System frequency outside statutory limits;
(iii) Load Disconnection;
(iv) islanding conditions; and
(v) System instability.
4.5.5 Amber Alert
4.5.5.1 An Amber Alert, further defined in (4.7.4), will be issued by the TSP
(subsequently to be confirmed in writing) to Users who may be affected
when the TSP realizes that there is a risk of widespread and serious
disturbance to the whole, or a part of, the Transmission System.
4.5.5.2 The Amber Alert will contain such information as the TSP deems
appropriate.
4.5.5.3 For the duration of an Amber Alert, each User receiving the Amber Alert
shall take necessary steps to warn its operational staff and maintain its Plant
and/or Apparatus in the condition in which it is best able to withstand the
anticipated disturbance.
4.5.6 Significant Incident Reporting Procedure
4.5.6.1 A Significant Incident Notice shall be issued by the TSP or a User, as the
case may be, as soon as possible after the occurrence of the Significant
Incident, and shall identify the following, if possible:

(i) date, time, and location of the Incident;

(ii) brief description of the Incident;
(iii) expected duration of impact;
(iv) expected time to restore; and
(v) cause, if known.
4.5.6.2 The TSP shall investigate any Significant Incident that materially affected the
Quality of service to another User. These may include Interruptions of supply,
Disconnections, under or over voltage or frequency Incidents, or Quality of
supply contraventions, etc. A preliminary Significant Incident Report shall be
available after fifteen (15) working days and a final Significant Incident Report
within two (2) months. The TSP shall initiate and coordinate such an
investigation, arrange for the writing of the report, and involve all Affected
Users. The Users shall make all relevant information available to the TSP and
participate in the investigation where reasonably required. The TSP shall
make the report available (if requested) to any User within the confidentiality
constraints.
4.5.6.3 The Users shall prepare and submit to the TSP monthly Operations Reports
on Grid operation. These reports shall include an evaluation of the
Operations, Events, Significant Incidents, and any other problems that
occurred on the Grid during the previous month, the measures undertaken by
the Users to address them, and the recommendations to prevent their
recurrence in the future. The Users shall prepare and submit to the TSP
quarterly and annual Operations Reports also. These reports shall include the
Operations, Events, and Significant Incidents that had a Material Effect on the
Transmission System or the System of any User (as the case may be) during
the past quarter or the year.
4.6 Operational Communication between the TSP and Users
4.6.1 Introduction
To ensure proper operation and control of the Transmission System, standard

and efficient communication links and facilities between the Users and the
TSP are imperative. This section specifies the details of the communication
facilities required between the TSP and Users and also establishes the
procedure to be used by the TSP and Users to ensure timely exchange of

information to enable the TSP to discharge its obligations regarding the

operation of the Transmission System.
4.6.2 Objectives
The objectives of this section are the following:

(i) to establish contact locations for the TSP and the User;
(ii) to detail the communication facilities required between the TSP and
the User;
(iii) to establish the procedures for exchange of information between the
TSP and the User; and
(iv) to establish the general procedures for the authorization of the TSP
and User personnel to act on behalf of their respective entities in the
communication of information between the TSP and the User.
4.6.3 Contact Locations and their Adequacy
4.6.3.1 The contact location between the TSP and the User for communicating on
matters pertaining to Transmission System operation shall be the TSP
Control Center for the TSP, and the User Control Center for the User.
4.6.3.2 The User is required to establish and maintain a Control Center that shall be
staffed at appropriate levels at all times.
4.6.3.3 The User shall designate a Responsible Engineer at its Control Center who
shall respond to communications from the TSP without undue delay. The
User’s Responsible Engineer should have adequate experience and training,
and must be authorized to perform the following operations on behalf of the
User:
(i) to receive and acknowledge receipt of a given instruction from the
TSP; and
(ii) to accept and execute instructions from the TSP.
4.6.3.4 The User’s contact locations and personnel (including their electronic mailing
addresses, if any) shall be notified by the Users to the TSP prior to
Connection and updated thereafter as appropriate.
4.6.3.5 If the TSP Control Center or the User Control Center is moved to another
location, the TSP shall notify the Users or the relevant User shall notify the
TSP (as the case may be) without delay of the new location and any changes
to the communication facilities necessitated by such a move.

4.6.3.6 The communications (other than relating to the submission of data and
notices) between the TSP and the User shall take place between the TSP
Control Engineer and the relevant User’s Responsible Engineer as provided
in section (1.12) in Chapter 1: General Conditions.
4.6.3.7 Each User shall have one telephone and one facsimile unit on separate lines
reserved for operational purposes only, which must be continuously attended
to and answered without undue delay.
4.6.3.8 The TSP and Users shall keep all Operational Data communicated between
them as confidential.
4.6.4 Communication Systems and Equipment
4.6.4.1 For communication between the TSP and Users, SCADA and other
communication facilities for voice as well as data transmission shall be
provided. These facilities shall be designed, maintained, upgraded, and kept
compatible with the SCADA and Communication facilities of the TSP, in
accordance with the terms and conditions and standards as laid down in the
relevant Connection Agreement.
4.6.4.2 The TSP shall provide (at the cost of the relevant User) the SCADA system
for monitoring real time information and controlling the Equipment at facilities
of respective sides.
4.6.4.3 All Users shall provide a TSP approved voice communication service to
provide both primary and alternate communication link between the TSP and
the operator controlling the User facility.
4.6.4.4 All Users shall provide monitoring and recording instruments at their
respective sides connected to the Transmission System.
4.6.4.5 All communication facilities shall be constructed, operated, and maintained
according to the TSP standards for such facilities, or in their absence, to
relevant standards of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), IEC,
or their Saudi national equivalents.
4.6.5 Conditions of Monitoring and Recording Equipment
4.6.5.1 The TSP shall provide SCADA outstation interface Equipment. The User shall
provide such voltage, current, frequency, Active Power and Reactive Power
measurement outputs and Plant status indications and alarms to the TSP
SCADA outstation interface Equipment as required by the TSP in accordance
with the terms and conditions of the relevant Connection Agreement.

4.6.5.2 Active Power and Reactive Power measurements, circuit breaker and
Disconnector status indications from Generating Units must each be provided
to the TSP on an individual Generating Unit basis.
4.6.5.3 The manner in which information is required to be presented to the outstation
Equipment shall be set out in the relevant Connection Agreement.
4.6.5.4 The TSP shall provide Data Acquisition Systems, Disturbance Recorders,
and/or Event Loggers (as the case may be) for recording the performance of
4.6.5.5 Monitoring Equipment shall be provided on the Transmission System by the
TSP to monitor the System dynamic performance.
4.6.6 SCADA Systems
4.6.6.1 The SCADA system should be capable of exchanging the System status and
data from the TSP to the User, and vice versa.
4.6.6.2 Participants shall interface via the standard digital interfaces. Interface
cabinets shall be installed in the Participant’s Plant and Equipment room. The
provision and maintenance of the wiring and signaling from the Participant’s
Plant and Equipment to the interface cabinets shall be the responsibility of the
Participant.
4.6.6.3 The information exchange shall support data acquisition from remote terminal
units (RTUs). The TSP should be able to monitor the system status and data
via telemetry from the RTUs connected to the Users’ Plant.
4.6.6.4 The TSP shall have the capability to deactivate and reactivate the scanning of
a given RTU, as well as the capability of monitoring the availability of all RTUs
from a central location.
4.6.6.5 All communication facilities (including SCADA) shall be secured against
unauthorized access. The TSP shall agree with the User, the procedures
governing security and access to the User’s SCADA, computer, and
communication facilities. The procedures shall allow access to the Equipment
and information by the TSP or its nominated representative(s) for the
purposes of maintenance, repair, testing, and reading of meters.

4.7 Contingency Planning
4.7.1 Introduction
4.7.1.1 In Emergency situations, the Security of the Transmission System can come
under abnormal stresses and the electricity supply systems can suffer Partial
or Total Shutdown. To deal with such eventualities, and to ensure that the
System gets back to its normal state as quickly and safely as practicable, the
instructions and procedure established in this section shall be followed by the
TSP and Users.
4.7.1.2 The TSP shall include Generators providing Black Start capability in
conducting System-wide training and drills, as considered necessary by the
TSP to re-Energize the Transmission System following a Partial or Total
System Shutdown.
4.7.1.3 Any emergency drills conducted by either the TSP or the User shall be
coordinated between the TSP and the relevant User, and also with any other
Affected User(s).
4.7.2 Objective
The objective primarily is to ensure that in the event of a Partial or Total

Shutdown of the Transmission System, normal supply is restored to all the
Users as quickly and safely as practicable in accordance with Good Industry
Practices.
4.7.3 Terms and Conditions
4.7.3.1 Emergency Plans shall allow for quick and orderly recovery from a Partial or
Total Shutdown, with minimum impacts on the Users.
4.7.3.2 All Contingency and/or Emergency Plans shall be periodically verified by
actual tests to the greatest practical extent. When such tests can cause
undue risk or undue cost to a User, the TSP shall take such risks or costs into
consideration when deciding whether to conduct the tests or not. Tests shall
be carried out at a time that is least disruptive to the Participants. The costs of
these tests shall be borne by the respective asset owner(s). The TSP shall
ensure the coordination of the tests in consultation with all Affected Users.
4.7.3.3 Users shall comply with the TSP’s requirements for Contingency and
Emergency Plans.

4.7.3.4 The TSP shall set the requirements for Automatic and Manual Load Dropping
after consulting and agreeing on the schedules with the Users. The Users
shall make available options and schemes to comply with these requirements.
4.7.3.5 The TSP shall be responsible for determining all operational limits on the
Transmission System, updating these periodically, and making these
available to the User.
4.7.3.6 The TSP shall conduct necessary system studies regularly to determine the
effect that various component failures would have on the Reliability of the
Transmission System. At the request of the TSP, Distribution Entities shall
also perform requisite system studies on their part(s) of the network and
make the results available to the TSP.
4.7.3.7 Following Emergency operations as may be necessary to protect the integrity
of the Transmission System or the Safety of Equipment and human life, the
Participants shall work diligently towards removing the cause of the
Emergency and the supply shall be restored immediately after the Emergency
Conditions have passed.
4.7.3.8 Emergency drills shall be conducted at least once a year to familiarize all staff
responsible for Emergency and System Restoration activities with the
Emergency and System Restoration procedures. The drills shall simulate
realistic emergency situations. A drill evaluation shall be performed and
deficiencies in procedures and responses shall be identified and corrected.
4.7.3.9 The TSP shall develop and maintain Contingency Plans to manage system
contingencies and emergencies that are relevant to the performance of the
Transmission System. Such Contingency Plans shall be developed in
consultation with all Users involved in the Transmission System, shall be
consistent with internationally accepted practices, and shall include but shall
not be limited to the following:
(i) under frequency load shedding;
(ii) under voltage load shedding;
(iii) disasters management (natural disasters, or other unexpected
events), including the necessary minimum load requirements;
(iv) Forced Outages at all Connection Points, and
(v) supply restoration.

4.7.4 Demand Control
4.7.4.1 If Demand Control due to Generation deficiency needs to be implemented,

the TSP shall issue several Alerts to the Generators, and Dispatch Control
Centers. These Alerts may include an Amber Alert, Blue Alert, or Red Alert or
any other Alerts as may be agreed from time to time by the Participants.
4.7.4.2 Amber Alert may be issued when a single Event would give rise to a
reasonable possibility of failure to meet the Power System Demand, or of
frequency or voltage departing significantly from normal, or if multiple Events
are probable due to prevailing weather conditions.
4.7.4.3 Red Alert may be issued when the Contingency Reserve is zero, a
Generation deficiency exists, or there is a Critical Loading or imminent
overloading of the Transmission lines or Equipment. Red Alert may be issued
by 15:00 hours, a day ahead. The Red Alert Warning shall specify the amount
and the period during which the Demand reduction will be required due to
anticipated frequency or voltage deviation significantly from normal.
4.7.4.4 Blue Alert may be issued when either a Partial or a Total Shutdown of the
Power System has taken place.
4.7.4.5 During Demand Control, Generation Dispatch shall cease and shall not be re-
implemented until the TSP has determined that it is safe to do so.
4.7.4.6 Demand Control Imminent Warning shall be issued by the TSP when a
Demand reduction is expected within the next thirty (30) minutes. The
Demand Control Imminent Warning shall be effective for one (1) hour and
shall be automatically canceled if it is not re-issued by the TSP.
4.7.4.7 The User shall notify the TSP of the amount of Demand reduction actually
achieved after implementing the Demand Control.
4.7.4.8 In the event of a protracted shortage in Generation and when a reduction in
Demand is anticipated by the TSP to be prolonged, the TSP shall notify the
User of the expected duration.
4.7.4.9 The Users shall abide by the instruction of the TSP with regard to the
restoration of Demand. The restoration of Demand shall be achieved as soon
as possible and the process of restoration shall begin immediately after the
instruction is given by the TSP.
4.7.4.10 If a User intends to implement Demand Control for the following day through
a Demand Disconnection at the Connection Point, it shall notify the TSP of

the hourly schedule before 10:00 hours of the current day. The notification
shall contain the following information:
(i) The proposed (in the case of prior notification) and actual (in the case
of subsequent notification) date, time, and duration of implementation
of the Demand Disconnection; and
(ii) The magnitude of the proposed reduction by the use of Demand
Disconnection.
4.7.4.11 If the Demand Control involves the Disconnection of an industrial load,
Voluntary Load Curtailment or any similar scheme shall be implemented by
staggering the Curtailment wherein the Customers are divided into different
Curtailment Groups (e.g. Saturday Group, Sunday Group, etc.). Users
participating in the Voluntary Load Curtailment shall voluntarily reduce their
respective loads for a certain period of time depending on the extent of the
Generation deficiency. Industrial Users who implement a Voluntary Load
Curtailment shall provide the TSP with the amount of the Demand reduction
actually achieved.
4.7.4.12 The User shall provide the TSP with the amount of Demand reduction
actually achieved by the use of the Demand Disconnection.
4.7.5 System Restoration
4.7.5.1 To ensure that in the event of a Partial or Total Shutdown of the Transmission
System, normal supply is restored to all Users as quickly and as safely as
practicable, it is necessary to provide in the Grid Code a mechanism on how
such Partial or Total Shutdown of the Transmission System is to be dealt
with, and to ensure that the necessary procedures and facilities are in place
to support rapid re-establishing of the Shutdown parts, and to restore Supply
to Users.
4.7.5.2 The Objectives of System Restoration are the following:
(i) to provide a general System Restoration strategy which will be
adopted by the TSP in the event of a Partial or Total Shutdown of the
Transmission System;
(ii) to establish the responsibility of the TSP to produce and maintain a
comprehensive System Restoration Plan, covering both Partial and
Total Shutdowns;
(iii) to establish the responsibility of Users to co-operate with the TSP in
the development and execution of the System Restoration Plan; and

(iv) to ensure that the TSP and User staff who will be potentially involved
with the System Restoration Plan, should be adequately trained and
fully familiar with the relevant details of the Plan.
4.7.5.3 During restoration process of the Transmission System, the normal standards
of voltage and frequency shall not apply.
4.7.5.4 The TSP shall conduct drills, at least once each year, to train the Users for
Emergency preparedness. The date and time of execution of such drills shall
be agreed by the TSP with Users in advance and the TSP shall issue a Blue
Alert for such a drill. The Users must cooperate with the TSP for conducting
such drills/testing.
4.7.5.5 Restoration Plan
(i) The TSP shall issue instructions for the Generators with Black Start
Capability to initiate the Start-up. The Generator providing Black Start
shall then inform the TSP that its Generating Unit is dispatchable
within thirty (30) minutes.
(ii) Upon receipt of the instruction from the TSP, Generating Unit
providing Black Start shall Start-up immediately to Energize a part of
the System and/or Synchronize with the System.
(iii) The overall strategy in restoring of the System after a Partial or Total
Shutdown shall, in general, include the following:
(a) overlapping phases of restoration of islanded parts of the
System;
(b) step-by-step integration of the islanded parts of the System
into larger sections; and
(c) eventual restoration of the whole System.
(iv) The TSP shall coordinate the providing of Backup Reserve by thermal
Generating Units so that these can be put back to the Grid without
going to the full restart procedure.
(v) The TSP shall inform the Users, after completing the System
Restoration procedure and the restoration of the System, that the
Blackout no longer exists and that the System is back to the normal
state.
(vi) The TSP will coordinate with Generators to provide start up Power
(not reserve) to steam Units/Plants as the first priority.

4.7.5.6 Resynchronization of Islanded Parts of The Grid
(i) When parts of the System are not Synchronized with each other, the
TSP shall instruct Users to regulate Generation and/or Demand to re-
Synchronize the islanded parts of the System.
(ii) If a part of the System is not connected to the rest of the System, but
there is no Blackout in that part, the TSP shall undertake the re-
Synchronization/reconnection of that part to the rest of the System.
4.8 Operational Testing
4.8.1 Introduction
Operational Tests, which involve the simulation of conditions or the controlled

application of unusual or extreme conditions can have undesirable effects on
the Transmission System. This section, therefore, deals with the
responsibilities and procedures for arranging and carrying out of Operational
Tests on the Transmission System in order to minimize any threats to the
integrity of Equipment, the Security of the Grid, as well as any other
detrimental effects on the TSP and other Users. Tests under this section shall
exclude routine testing, Commissioning or re-Commissioning Tests, or any
other tests of a minor nature.
4.8.2 Objective
The primary objectives are:

(i) to establish a process for conducting Operational Tests on the System
by the TSP or other Users in such a way as to ensure that such tests,
as much as possible, do not threaten the Safety or Security of the
System, Equipment, or life; and
(ii) establish a procedure for conducting such tests.
4.8.3 Operational Test Request
4.8.3.1 If a User wishes to undertake an Operational Test on the Transmission

System (or the User System), it shall initiate a Test Request that contains the
following:
(i) the purpose and nature of the proposed test;
(ii) the extent and condition of the Equipment involved; and

(iii) a proposed Test Procedure specifying the switching sequence and the
timing of the switching sequence.
4.8.3.2 The Test Proponent shall provide sufficient time for the TSP to plan the
proposed test. The TSP shall determine the time required for each type of the
test and the associated costs that shall be borne by the User requesting the
test(s).
4.8.3.3 The TSP may require additional information before approving the proposed
test if the information contained in the Test Request is insufficient or the
proposed Test Procedure cannot ensure the Safety of personnel or the
Security of the Grid.
4.8.3.4 The TSP shall determine and notify other Users, other than the Test
Proponent, that may be affected by the proposed Operational Test.
4.8.3.5 The TSP may also initiate an Operational Test if it determines that this test is
necessary to ensure the Safety, Stability, Security, and Reliability of the
4.8.4 Establishing of the Test Group
4.8.4.1 Within one (1) month after the acceptance of a Test Request, the TSP shall
notify the Test Proponent, and the Affected Users of the proposed test. The
notice shall contain the following:
(i) the purpose and nature of the proposed test, the extent and condition
of the Equipment involved, the identity of the Test Proponent, and the
Affected Users;
(ii) an invitation to nominate representative(s) for the Test Group to be
established to coordinate the proposed test; and
(iii) if the test involves work or testing on (E)HV Equipment, the
responsible person(s) for Safety Assurance shall be informed and the
Safety procedures specified in section 4.10: Cross-boundary Safety
Assurance shall be followed.
4.8.4.2 The Test Proponent and the Affected Users shall nominate their
representative(s) to the Test Group within one (1) month after receiving the
notice from the TSP.
4.8.4.3 If an Affected User fails to nominate its representative within the period
stipulated in (4.8.4.2), the TSP will issue a reminder to that User asking the
User to nominate his representative to the Test Group within one (1) week’s
time. If the User still does not nominate its representative, The TSP may

decide to proceed with the proposed test and may appoint another TSP
person to the Test Group to represent the interests of that User.
4.8.4.4 The TSP shall establish a Test Group and appoint a Test Coordinator, who
shall act as chairman of the Test Group. The Test Coordinator may come
from the TSP or the Test Proponent.
4.8.4.5 The members of the Test Group shall meet within one (1) month after the
Test Group is established. The Test Coordinator shall convene the Test
Group as often as necessary.
4.8.4.6 The agenda for the meeting of the Test Group shall include the following:
(i) the details of the purpose and nature of the proposed Test and other
matters included in the Test Request;
(ii) evaluation of the Test Procedure as submitted by the Test Proponent
and making necessary modifications to come up with the final Test
Procedure;
(iii) the possibility of scheduling the proposed test simultaneously with any
other test(s) and with Equipment maintenance which may arise
pursuant to the Maintenance Program requirements of the TSP or the
Users; and
(iv) the economic, operational, and risk implications of the proposed test
on the Transmission System, and the Scheduling and Dispatch of the
Generating Unit/Station.
4.8.4.7 The Test Proponent and the Affected Users (including those which are not
represented in the Test Group) shall provide the Test Group, upon request,
with such details as the Test Group reasonably requires for carrying out the
proposed Operational Test.
4.8.5 Operational Test Program
4.8.5.1 Within two (2) months after the first meeting and at least one (1) month prior
to the date of the proposed Operational Test, the Test Group shall submit to
the TSP, the Test Proponent, and the Affected Users a proposed Test
Program which shall contain the following:
(i) a plan for carrying out the test;
(ii) the procedure to be followed for the test, including the manner in
which the test is to be monitored;

(iii) list of responsible persons, including those responsible for

coordinating on Safety, when necessary, and who will be involved in
carrying out the test;
(iv) allocation of all testing costs among the Affected Users; and
(v) such other matters as the Test Group may deem appropriate and
necessary and are approved by the management of the Affected
Users.
4.8.5.2 If the proposed Test Program is acceptable to the TSP and the Affected
Users, the final Test Program shall be prepared and the test shall proceed
accordingly. Otherwise, the Test Group shall revise the Test Program to make
it acceptable.
4.8.5.3 If the Test Group is unable to develop a Test Program or reach a consensus
in implementing the Test Program, the TSP shall determine whether it is
necessary to proceed with the test to ensure the Security of the Transmission
System.
4.8.5.4 The Test Coordinator shall be notified in writing, as soon as possible, of any
proposed revision or amendment to the Test Program prior to the day of the
proposed test. If the Test Coordinator decides that the proposed revision or
amendment is meritorious, he shall notify the TSP, the Test Proponent, and
the Affected Users to act accordingly for the inclusion thereof. The Test
Program shall then be carried out with the revisions or amendments if the
Test Coordinator receives no objections.
4.8.5.5 If conditions are abnormal on the scheduled day for the test, the Test
Coordinator may recommend a postponement or rescheduling of the test.
4.8.6 Operational Test Report
4.8.6.1 Within one (1) month or a shorter period as the Test Group may agree after
the conclusion of the test, the Test Proponent shall prepare and submit a Test
Report to the TSP, the Affected Users, and the members of the Test Group.
4.8.6.2 After the submission of the Test Report, the Test Group shall stand dissolved.

4.9 Testing to Monitor, Investigate, and Verify Performance
4.9.1 Introduction
4.9.1.1 In order to discharge its responsibilities for safe, secure, and economic
operation of the Transmission System, the TSP will need to carry out certain
testing to monitor, investigate, and verify the performance of Users’ Plant.
4.9.1.2 The TSP shall treat all information and data collected from User pursuant to
the provisions of this section as confidential.
4.9.2 Objective
The primary objective is to establish a procedure for verifying that the Users
are operating within their design, operating and other contractual
requirements, as specified in the relevant Connection Agreement between the
User and the TSP.
4.9.3 Monitoring
4.9.3.1 Monitoring shall be either continuous or continuous for periods of time, and
shall be done by monitoring, data recording, and analysis, or by such other
methods as the TSP reasonably determines to be appropriate in the
circumstances. Advance notification from the TSP to Users may not be
necessary in every case.
4.9.3.2 Where a data recording and analysis system is used for monitoring, the TSP
shall inform the User that such data recording and analysis system is being
used and, on request from the User, shall make available to the User
reasonable information in respect of the data recording and analysis system.
4.9.3.3 Monitoring may be carried out at any time by the TSP and may result, without
the application of further testing, in the evaluation by the TSP of Users’
noncompliance.
4.9.3.4 Where the User disputes a finding of non-compliance, the TSP shall provide
the User any data collected during the monitoring over the period of alleged
non-compliance and such other documentation as may be reasonably
necessary to prove evidence of non-compliance.
4.9.3.5 Performance parameters that the TSP shall monitor may include, but not
limited to, the following:
(i) compliance with Dispatch Instructions; and

(ii) compliance with Declarations including, without limitation, in respect

of:
(a) Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Operating Reserve provided
by each of the Generator’s Units/Station,
(b) Frequency Regulation provided by each Generating Unit;
(c) provision of static and dynamic Reactive Power; and
(d) Generating Unit capability.
4.9.4 Investigation
4.9.4.1 The TSP may, if it suspects noncompliance by the User, carry out
investigation to acquire or verify information relevant to User's Plant and/or
Apparatus design, operation, or other contractual requirements under the Grid
Code, or the Connection Agreement.
4.9.4.2 Investigation by the TSP usually applies to information not collected on a
regular basis by means of monitoring and testing. The TSP may, having given
reasonable notice, send a representative or subcontractor to a User’s Site to
investigate any Equipment or operational procedure on or applicable to the
User Site insofar as the condition of that Equipment or operational procedure
is relevant to compliance with the Grid Code, Connection Agreement, and/or
any other agreement(s) between the User and the TSP.
4.9.5 Testing to Verify Performance
4.9.5.1 The results of a test to verify performance may be derived from the monitoring
of performance during the test.
4.9.5.2 The TSP may:
(i) for the purposes of above testing, issue a Dispatch Instruction; and
(ii) induce controlled Power System frequency or voltage conditions or
variations for the purpose of determining that the Generating Unit’s
response is in accordance with its Declared Availability, System
Service capabilities, and/or Operating Characteristics.
4.9.5.3 If the TSP subcontracts testing work on a User's Site, then the User and the
TSP must be in agreement on the selection of a suitable subcontractor.
4.9.6 Commissioning Tests
4.9.6.1 Commissioning Tests is one of the final activities under project

implementation which is carried out to test all Equipment, Protection Schemes

and other systems to verify the correct functioning of the User Development.
The TSP will witness the Commissioning Tests. After the Commissioning
Tests and their acceptance by the TSP, the User facility is considered ready
for Energization.
4.9.6.2 The following Commissioning Test procedure shall be followed:
(i) All the tests specified in the Connection Agreement shall be carried
out in the presence of designated personnel of the TSP or its
authorized representative(s). All test results must be signed by such
personnel or representative(s). All tests shall be performed in
accordance with the Commissioning Test schedules pre-approved by
the TSP.
(ii) The User shall prepare and submit a Commissioning Test
schedule/plan, specifying the acceptance criteria, for review and
approval of the TSP, at least six (6) months before the schedule date
for these tests.
(iii) The User shall provide test Equipment that has sufficient capacity and
accuracy to properly perform the tests.
(iv) The User shall submit to the TSP the particulars of personnel
assigned for the Commissioning Tests and valid calibration certificates
of all the test Equipment for TSP’s review and approval.
(v) The User shall fill-in any form required by the TSP and submit the
same to the TSP for review and acceptance.
(vi) The TSP shall witness the Commissioning Tests, and verify all test
results recorded in the Site test reports.
(vii) The TSP shall request the User to rectify deficiencies, if any, observed
during the Commissioning Tests.
(viii) The User shall mark-up all the “issued for construction” drawings
indicating the modifications done to wiring etc., during the
Commissioning Tests.
(ix) One set of marked-up drawings shall be kept at the facility or in the
control room for any trouble shooting until the "as-built" drawings are
prepared and turned over by the User to the TSP.
(x) The TSP shall proceed with the routing of Energization certificate on
completion of the Commissioning Tests. The facility will be ready for
Energization once the Energization certificate is duly signed and

issued by the TSP, subject to the User's completing of any remaining

formalities.
4.9.7 Generating Unit Capability Tests
Test Requirements
4.9.7.1 Tests shall be conducted, in accordance with the agreed procedure and
standards, to confirm the compliance of Generating Units for the following:
(i) capability of Generating Units to operate within their Registered
Generation Planning Parameters;
(ii) capability of the Generating Units to meet the applicable requirements
of the Grid Code;
(iii) capability to deliver the System Service(s) that the Generator has
agreed to provide; and
(iv) Availability of Generating Units in accordance with their capability
Declaration.
4.9.7.2 All tests shall be recorded and witnessed by the authorized representatives of
the TSP, Generator, and/or User.
4.9.7.3 The Generator shall demonstrate to the TSP the reliability and accuracy of
the test instruments and Equipment to be used in the test.
4.9.7.4 The TSP may at any time issue instructions requiring tests to be carried out
on any Generating Unit. All tests shall be of sufficient duration and shall be
conducted no more than twice a year except when there are reasonable
grounds to justify the necessity for further tests.
4.9.7.5 If a Generating Unit fails the test, the Generator shall correct the deficiency
within an agreed period to attain the relevant registered parameters for that
Generating Unit.
4.9.7.6 Once the Generator achieves the registered parameters of its Generating Unit
that previously had failed the test, it shall immediately notify the TSP. The
TSP shall then require the Generator to conduct a new test in order to verify
that the appropriate parameter has been restored to its Registered value.
4.9.7.7 If a dispute arises relating to the failure of a Generating Unit to pass a given
test, the TSP, the Generator, and/or User shall seek to resolve the dispute
among themselves. Failing to agree, the dispute shall be resolved in
accordance with the Regulatory Guidelines for this purpose.

Tests to be Performed
4.9.7.8 Reactive Power Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Unit meets the
registered Reactive Power capability requirements as specified in Chapter
2: Connection Code. The Generating Unit shall pass the test if the
measured values are within ± five (5) percent of the Capability as
registered with the TSP.
4.9.7.9 Primary Response Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Unit has the
capability to provide Primary Response. The Generating Unit shall pass the
test if the measured response in MW/Hz is within ± five (5) percent of the
required level of response within five (5) seconds.
4.9.7.10 Fast Start Capability Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Unit has
the capability to Start-up, Synchronize with the Grid within ten (10)
minutes, and be loaded up to its offered capability. The Generating Unit
shall pass the test if it meets the Fast Start capability requirements.
4.9.7.11 Black Start Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Plant with Black
Start capability can implement a Black Start procedure. To pass the test,
the Generating Unit shall start on its own, Synchronize with the Grid, and
carry load without the need for external Power supply.
4.9.7.12 Declared Data Capability Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Unit
can be Scheduled and Dispatched in accordance with the Declared Data.
To pass the test, the Unit shall satisfy the ability to achieve the Declared
Data.
4.9.7.13 Dispatch Accuracy Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Unit meets
the relevant Generation Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters. The
Generating Unit shall pass the test if:
(i) in the case of Synchronization, the process is achieved within ± five
(5) minutes of the registered Synchronization time;
(ii) in the case of Synchronizing Generation (if registered as a Generation
Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters), the Synchronizing Generation
achieved is within an error level equivalent to ±2.5% of Net Declared
Capability;
(iii) in the case of meeting Ramp Rates, the actual Ramp Rate is within ±
ten (10)% of the registered Ramp Rate;

(iv) in the case of meeting Load Reduction rates, the actual Load
Reduction rate is within ± ten (10)% of the registered Load Reduction
rate;
(v) in the case of minimum base load Generating Units, variation of + ten
(10) % will be acceptable; and
(vi) in the case of all other Generation Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameters, values are within ± 1.5% of the declared values
4.9.7.14 The TSP may advise the Generators one or more of the following tests
also, if considered necessary by the TSP:
(i) deep voltage transient by short-circuit;
(ii) Generating Unit’s changeover to House Load Operation;
(iii) Generating Unit House Load Operation for one hour;
(iv) step response of Generating Unit voltage;
(v) Power System Stabilizer (PSS); and
(vi) overload Capacity.
4.9.7.15 System Service Acceptability Test shall determine the committed services
in terms of parameter quantity or volume, timeliness, and other
operational requirements. Generators providing System Services shall
conduct the test or define the committed service. However, monitoring by
the TSP of System Service performance in response to System-derived
inputs shall also be carried out.
4.10 Cross-boundary Safety Assurance
4.10.1 Introduction
4.10.1.1 At times, the TSP and the Users may need to work on, or in close proximity
to, each other’s Systems. It will be, consequently, imperative that the TSP
and Users operate strictly in accordance with approved Safety Rules and
procedures to ensure Safety of life, network, and Equipment for such
situations.
4.10.1.2 This section, therefore, specifies the rules and procedures to be used by the
TSP and Users for coordinating, establishing, and maintaining of necessary
Safety Precautions when work is to be carried out on, or in close proximity
of, the Transmission System and/or the User System.
4.10.1.3 For the purpose of assurance of Safety relating to (E)HV System and
Apparatus the term "Safety Precautions" means Isolation and/or Grounding.

4.10.2 Objective
The objective is to establish rules and procedures for Safety Assurance for
the TSP and Users to operate in accordance with approved Safety Rules, to
ensure safe working conditions for the personnel working on, or in close
proximity to, the Transmission System Plant and/or Apparatus or those who
may have to work at or use the Equipment at the Connection Point.
4.10.3 The Safety Rules
4.10.3.1 Safety procedures for personnel working on or in close proximity to the

Transmission System Plant and/or Apparatus shall be governed by the TSP
Safety Rules (or any future revision(s) of these rules), as detailed in the TSP
Safety Manual.
4.10.3.2 In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this Code and the
provisions of the TSP Safety Rules, the provisions of the TSP Safety Rules
shall take precedence.
4.10.4 Safety at the Connection Point
4.10.4.1 A Site Responsibility Schedule referred to in Chapter 2: Connection Code for

each User Site shall be developed by the TSP in consultation with the User.
The Site Responsibility Schedule shall detail the demarcation of
responsibility for Safety of persons carrying out work or testing at the User's
Connection Site and on the circuits which cross the User's Site.
4.10.4.2 Operating instructions for each User Connection Site shall be issued by the
TSP. These will include, but will not be limited, to the following:
(i) detailed switching sequences (which meet as a minimum, the
requirements of the TSP Safety Rules) to be followed for voluntary,
Fault, and emergency switching;
(ii) control and operational procedures;
(iii) identification of operational boundaries;
(iv) clearance and Isolation boundaries; and
(v) identity of the representatives of the TSP and the User who will attend
the Transmission System and/or User system for operation, and also
during emergencies.
4.10.4.3 Each User will cooperate with the TSP in developing procedures and
agreement on any matters that may be relevant for ensuring overall Site
Safety and, in particular, the Safety of the Connection Point Equipment.

4.10.4.4 For situations requiring either modification or a change in operational

practices with potential operational impact on a User Site, the TSP and the
User shall review the adequacy of overall Site Safety.
4.10.4.5 Isolation, as further detailed in the TSP’s Safety Manual, shall be provided at
the Connection Point to allow work to be carried out safely at the Connection
Point or on either side of the Connection Point by the TSP and each User.
4.10.4.6 Where necessary, Grounding and short-circuit facilities, as further detailed in
the TSP’s Safety Manual, shall be applied to Plant and/or Equipment at
either side of the Connection Point to allow work to be carried out safely at
the Connection Point or either side of the Connection Point.
4.10.4.7 User shall be aware of clearance limits and shall perform work only within
the approved clearance limits on the User side of the Connection Point. Any
work at the boundary of the Connection Point shall not be performed without
the supervision of a TSP representative.
4.10.5 Logs of Cross-Boundary Safety Precautions
The TSP and the Users shall maintain proper Logs (in chronological
sequence) to record all messages relating to Safety. These Logs shall be
retained for at least three (3) years.
4.10.6 Forms for Cross-Boundary Safety Precautions
The TSP shall develop appropriate forms to record Cross-boundary Safety

Precautions to be used by the Requesting Party and the Implementing Party
of Safety on (E)HV Equipment. These shall contain the following information
at a minimum:
(i) Site and Equipment Identification of (E)HV Equipment where Safety
Precaution is to be established or has been established;
(ii) location and means of implementing the Safety Precaution;
(iii) confirmation that the Safety Precaution has been established; and
(iv) confirmation that the Safety Precaution is no longer needed and has
been cancelled.
4.10.7 Approval of Local Safety Instructions
4.10.7.1 For each Connection Site, the User shall supply to the TSP a copy of its
Safety Rules relating to its side of the Connection Point.

4.10.7.2 The TSP will supply to each User a copy of its own Safety Rules relating to
the TSP side of the Connection Point at each Connection Site.
4.10.7.3 Prior to Connection, each party must agree to the other’s Safety Rules in
relation to Isolation and Grounding.
4.10.7.4 If the User’s Safety Rules are more stringent relating to Isolation and/or
Grounding than those of the TSP, then the User Safety Rules shall apply.
Otherwise, the TSP Safety Rules shall apply.
4.10.7.5 If, after agreement, a party wishes to incorporate a change in its Safety
Rules relating to Isolation and/or Grounding, it shall inform the other party. If
the change is to make the provisions more stringent, then the other party
merely will note the changes. If the change is to make the provisions less
stringent, then the other party will need to approve the new provisions and
the procedures referred to above shall apply.
4.10.8 Safety Representatives
4.10.8.1 Each User shall nominate staff to be designated as User Safety

Representative(s) to be available to Isolate and Ground, to a time scale
agreed in the applicable Connection Agreement, to meet the needs for
repairs that would affect other Users. User Safety Representative will be
responsible for coordinating on Safety with the TSP pursuant to the
provisions of this section.
4.10.8.2 Each User shall, prior to being connected to the Transmission System, shall
designate to the TSP its Safety Representative(s) and will update the TSP in
writing whenever there is a change to the identity of its Safety
Representative(s).
4.10.8.3 The TSP will, at the time of a User being connected to the Transmission
System, inform in writing to that User of the TSP’s own Safety
Representative(s) (which in most cases will be the TSP Control Engineer)
responsible for coordinating with the User Safety Representative(s) on
Safety issues.
4.10.9 Coordination on Safety Matters
4.10.9.1 To carry out work on a System which requires Safety Precautions on (E)HV
Apparatus, the Representative who is identified on the relevant Site
Responsibility Schedule as responsible for the (E)HV Apparatus on which
Safety from the System is to be achieved (the "Requesting Party") shall

contact the Representative who is identified on that same Site Responsibility

Schedule as responsible for the (E)HV Apparatus which is connected at the
Connection Point to the (E)HV Apparatus on which Safety from the System
is required (the "Implementing Party"), to coordinate the Safety Precautions.
4.10.9.2 Agreement on Safety Precautions
(i) When the TSP or a User wishes to carry out work on the System, the
Requesting Party will contact the Implementing Party in order to agree
the location at which the Safety Precautions will be implemented or
applied. The Requesting Party shall specify the proposed location(s)
at which Isolation and/or Grounding are to be established.
(ii) When the Implementing Party is of the opinion that Safety Precautions
are required on the Requesting Party’s System, the Implementing
Party shall inform the Requesting Party.
(iii) When the TSP wishes to carry out work on the Transmission System,
and it is of the opinion that for this to be done safely, Safety
Precautions are required on the System of more than one User, the
provisions of this subsection shall be followed with regard to each
User separately.
4.10.9.3 Agreement on Isolation
(i) The Requesting Party shall inform the Implementing Party of the
(E)HV Apparatus on which Safety from the System is to be achieved
and they will need to agree on the location(s) at which Isolation is to
be established.
(ii) The Implementing Party shall then inform the Requesting Party of the
following:
(a) for each location, the identity (by means of (E)HV Apparatus
name, nomenclature, and numbering or position) of each point
of Isolation;
(b) whether Isolation is to be achieved by an Isolating Device in
the isolating position or by physical separation; and
(c) where an Isolating device is to be used, the isolating position
will be maintained and/or secured by such a method which
must be in accordance with the Local Safety Instructions of the
TSP or that User.

4.10.9.4 Agreement on Grounding
(i) If the Requesting Party requires Grounding, it shall inform the

Implementing Party of the (E)HV Apparatus on which Safety from the
System is to be achieved and Grounding is to be provided. Both the
parties will need to reach agreement on the location(s) at which
Grounding is to be established.
(ii) The Implementing Party shall then inform the Requesting Party of the
following:
(a) for each location, the identity (by means of (E)HV Apparatus
name, nomenclature, and numbering or position) of each point
of Grounding; and
(b) in respect of the Grounding Device to be used that it will be
maintained and/or secured in position by such a method which
is in accordance with the Safety Rules of the TSP or that of the
User;
(c) the User’s Grounding devices must be of proper size for the
purpose and maintained in good working order; and
(d) implementing the Safety Ground will be the responsibility of the
clearance holding party.
4.10.9.5 In the Event of Disagreement
If the Requesting Party and the Implementing Party are unable to agree on
the location of the Isolation and (if requested) Grounding, it shall be at the
closest available points on the infeeds to the (E)HV Apparatus on which
Safety from the System is to be achieved as indicated on the Operation
Diagram.
4.10.9.6 Implementation of Isolation and Grounding
Once the Location of Isolation and (if requested) Grounding has been
agreed in accordance with the above provisions, the following procedure (as
further detailed in the TSP’s Safety Manual) shall be followed:
(i) the Implementing Party will ensure the implementation of Isolation;
(ii) the Implementing Party will confirm to the Requesting Party that the
Isolation has been established on its System and that Isolation has
been established on the System of any other User;

(iii) when the Implementing Party has confirmed the establishment of

Isolation in accordance with (ii) above, the Requesting Party shall
confirm to the Implementing Party the establishment of relevant
Isolation on its System and request, if it has been required, the
implementation of Grounding;
(iv) the Implementing Party will ensure the implementation of the
Grounding; and
(v) the Implementing Party will confirm to the Requesting Party that the
Grounding has been established on its System and that Grounding
has been established on the System of any other User (if that is the
case).
4.10.9.7 Authorization of Testing affecting other Safety Representative’s

System
(i) If the Requesting Party wishes to authorize a test on the (E)HV

Equipment, it shall only do so after implementing the following
procedures:
(a) confirmation is obtained from the Implementing Party that no
person is working on, or testing, or has been authorized to
work on, or test, any part of its System within the points of
Isolation identified on the form;
(b) all Safety Precautions other than the current Safety Precaution
have been cancelled in accordance with the procedures set
out in this section; and
(c) the Implementing Party must agree with the Requesting Party
on the conduct of the testing on that part of the System.
(ii) The Requesting Party will inform the Implementing Party by notice as
soon as the test has been completed or cancelled.
4.10.9.8 Cancellation of Safety Precautions
When a Safety Precaution becomes unnecessary for any reason, the

relevant Party shall inform the other Party without delay that the Safety
Precaution is no longer required. Both parties shall then cancel the Safety
Precaution.

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code
CHAPTER 5 SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH CODE
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 This chapter specifies the responsibilities and obligations of the TSP and
Users with respect to Scheduling and Dispatch of Generating Units and other
Demand resources. It sets out the procedure for supplying of timely and
accurate information by the Users to the TSP, the TSP’s preparing and
issuing of Generation Schedules, and issuing of Dispatch Instructions.
5.1.2 This chapter is divided into two sections: Generation Scheduling and
Generation Dispatch. Section 5.3, Generation Scheduling, deals with
submitting of Availability Notices and relevant information by Generators and
any modification to them subsequently, if required. The section also describes
the procedure to be followed by the TSP for preparing and issuing of
Generation Schedule to specify which Generating Units may be required for
Dispatch. This section also details the Special Actions that the TSP may
require from users to match supply with Demand and ensure the requisite
Stability and Reliability on the Grid. Section 5.4, Generation Dispatch, deals
with Dispatch of Generating Units and executing of other Special Actions to
minimize cost of Supply procurement while ensuring the availability of
adequate level of Operating Margin and other System Services.
5.2 Objective
The objective of this chapter is to enable the TSP to Schedule and Dispatch
adequate Generation resources to meet electricity Demand at all times at
minimum cost while ensuring the integrity of the System, as well as the
requisite levels of supply Quality and Reliability.
5.3 Generation Scheduling
5.3.1 Scheduling Process
5.3.1.1 The TSP will carry out Scheduling daily to develop a Generation Schedule for
the next following Schedule Day. This process will be phased and iterative to
allow appropriate interactions of the TSP with Generators and other Users to
match Demand with supply on an instant-by-instant basis with the requisite

levels of supply Quality and Reliability. The process of Generation Scheduling

is shown in Figure 5.1 on page 131.
5.3.1.2 The Schedule Day will begin at 06:00 hours on the Schedule Day, and will
last for 24 hours until 06:00 hours on the next day.
5.3.1.3 Grid Users must submit sufficient data as detailed in this chapter to allow the
TSP to prepare a Generation Schedule. Since the TSP is required to match
Generation, transfers, and Demand on an instant-by-instant basis, some
additional information may be required by the TSP to accomplish this
objective. Details of any reasonable additional information requirements will
be notified by the TSP to the relevant Users, as the need arises.
5.3.1.4 Data submissions to the TSP shall normally be made electronically in
accordance with the provisions of Chapter 6: Data and Information Exchange
Code as well as of any agreement between the TSP and the User. In the
event of failure of the electronic systems for submitting of data to the TSP,
data submissions may be made by fax.
5.3.1.5 If, any changes occur after a User has supplied information to the TSP
pursuant to (5.3.2, 5.3.3, and 5.3.4) below, then the User shall inform the
TSP, without delay, of such changes.
5.3.1.6 Based on the Declarations and information supplied (and revised afterwards
as the case may be) by the Users, the TSP will develop a Generation
Schedule for the next following Schedule Day and inform the relevant Users
accordingly.
5.3.2 Generator Declarations
5.3.2.1 Generators, proposing to be included in the Generation Schedule, shall

submit to the TSP by 10:00 hours daily an Availability Notice in respect of
each of their Generating Units, on a hourly basis, for the next following
Schedule Day.
5.3.2.2 Such Declaration will replace any previous Declaration by a Generator.
5.3.2.3 Each Generator shall submit to the TSP any revisions to the Scheduling and
Dispatch Parameters that it had submitted under a previous Declaration.
5.3.2.4 The Declaration by Generators shall be in accordance with (5.3.5).

5.3.3 Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters
5.3.3.1 Each Generator shall submit to the TSP, Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameters relating to each of its Generating Units proposed to be included in
the Generation Schedule as per the detail provided in Appendix A5.1.
5.3.3.2 Generators shall, in respect of each Generating Unit which the Generator
shall have declared available, also submit to the TSP the following:
(i) details of any special factors which may have a Material Effect on the
likely output of such Generating Unit;
(ii) any temporary changes, and their possible duration, to the Scheduling
and Dispatch Parameters of such Generating Unit;
(iii) any temporary changes, and their possible duration, to the availability
of System Services from the Generating Unit, if applicable; and
(iv) details of any Generating Unit Commissioning or re-Commissioning
programs.
5.3.4 Generator Nominations
Each Generator shall nominate its expected supply to the TSP for the next
following Schedule Day by 10:00 hours on the day ahead of the Schedule
Day. The information that the Generator shall supply as part of the
Nomination shall be detailed in the Commercial/Market Code (to be
developed by the TSP).
5.3.5 Communication of Declarations and Nominations
5.3.5.1 Generators shall submit their Declarations/Nominations for a Schedule Day

by means of an electronic interface in accordance with the requirements of
the TSP data system, which the Generators shall install in each Generating
Station or other Control Center as agreed between the TSP and the
Generators.
5.3.5.2 In the event of failure or unavailability of the electronic interface, Declarations/
Nominations for a Schedule Day shall be made by using facsimile or any
other acceptable means as stated in (1.12.3) of Chapter 1: General
Conditions.
5.3.6 The Generation Schedule
5.3.6.1 Each day by 15:00 hours, the TSP shall develop, by means of an appropriate
Scheduling program or process, a Generation Schedule for the next following

Schedule Day that will utilize the last valid set of Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameters for the Generating Unit as applicable.
5.3.6.2 The Generation Schedule shall be prepared by the TSP to Schedule such
Generating Units for which the TSP had received Availability Notice to
achieve the following:
(i) minimize the cost of procuring the required Electricity in accordance
with the relevant Power Purchase Agreements to match the Forecast
Demand;
(ii) match at all times (to the extent possible) the Forecast Demand with
an appropriate Operating Margin;
(iii) match minimum electricity Demand levels together with a sufficient
Minimum Demand Regulation; and
(iv) maintain Frequency Control.
5.3.6.3 Factors to be taken into account
In preparing the Generation Schedule, the TSP will consider the following
factors:
(i) Forecast Demand and its geographical distribution;
(ii) Declared MW capabilities of Generators;
(iii) System Services capabilities of Generators;
(iv) Operating Characteristics of Generators;
(v) System Constraints;
(vi) Generation costs of each Generating Unit;
(vii) Generating Unit Outages;
(viii) Voltage Control requirements;
(ix) System Stability factors;
(x) Operating Margin requirements;
(xi) System losses;
(xii) System Frequency Control requirements;
(xiii) any testing to be carried out;
(xiv) operation of Generating Unit to provide a sufficient Minimum Demand
Regulation; and
(xv) any other factors as may be reasonably considered by the TSP to be
of relevance to the Generation Schedule.
5.3.6.4 The Generation Schedule issued to each Generator by the TSP shall contain
the information relating to the Generating Units of that Generator only.

5.3.6.5 The Generation Schedule will be only indicative, and will be intended to
provide a guide to the expected output requirements from Generators and will
not be construed as Dispatch Instructions or orders by itself.
5.3.6.6 The information contained in the Generation Schedule will indicate on an
individual Generating Unit basis the period for which it is Scheduled during
the following Schedule Day.
5.3.6.7 Revision to Scheduling and Dispatch Data
At any time between 10:00 hours each day and the expiry of the next
following Schedule Day, a Generator may submit to the TSP any revisions to
the submitted data:
(i) If the revised Generation Data is received by the TSP before 15:00
hours on the day prior to the relevant Schedule Day, the TSP shall, if
possible, take into account the revised Availability Notice in preparing
the Generation Schedule.
(ii) If the revised Generation Data is received by the TSP at or after 15:00
hours but before the end of the next following Schedule Day, the TSP
shall, if it re-Schedules the Generating Units, take into account the
revised Availability Notice in that re-Scheduling.
5.3.6.8 Procedure to be followed in the absence of a Nomination
If a Nomination is not received, in total or in part, by the TSP in accordance

with (5.3.4 and 5.3.5), then the TSP will make reasonable efforts to establish
contact with the Generator in question to check whether a complete
Nomination for a Schedule Day was sent and not received by the TSP. If this
is the case, the Nomination for a Schedule Day shall be resubmitted by the
Generator without delay in accordance with the provisions of this Section. If
no Nomination (or, as the case may be, the data necessary to complete the
Nomination for a Schedule Day) is received by 12:00 hours, then the TSP will
use the information provided in the Nomination for the previous Schedule Day
to the extent necessary to provide the TSP with a complete Nomination. The
TSP may impose appropriate sanctions or penalties (or both), as approved by
the Regulator, on a Generator which repeatedly fails to submit a Nomination
or does not submit the Nomination in time.

5.3.6.9 Adjustments to the Generation Schedule
After the completion of the Scheduling Process, but before the issue of the
Generation Schedule, the TSP may consider it necessary to make
adjustments to the output of the Scheduling process. Such adjustments may
be made necessary by the following factors:
(i) changes to Availability and/or Operating Characteristics of Generating
Units notified to the TSP after the commencement of the Scheduling
process;
(ii) changes to TSP Demand Forecast;
(iii) changes to Transmission constraints emerging from the iterative
process of Scheduling and System Security assessment, including:
(a) changes to the numerical values prescribed to existing
constraint groups;
(b) identification of new constraint groups;
(c) changes to Generating Unit requirements within constraint
groups, following reappraisal of Demand Forecast within that
constraint group;
(d) changes to any conditions that would impose increased risk to
the System and would therefore require the TSP to increase
Operating Margin levels. Examples may be:
(1) unpredicted Equipment Outages which place more than
the equivalent of one large Generating Unit at risk to a
Fault;
(2) unpredicted outage of Generating Plant or Equipment
which imposes increased risk to the Generating Station
output;
(3) volatile weather situation giving rise to low confidence
in the Transmission Demand Forecasts;
(4) severe (unpredicted) weather conditions imposing high
risk to the System; and
(5) adjustments necessary to make the output of the
Scheduling process to reflect the allocation of
Operating Margin.
5.3.6.10 The TSP will re-optimize the Schedules when, in its reasonable judgment,
a need arises. As it may be the case that no notice will be given prior to

this re-optimization, it is important that Generators always keep the TSP

informed of any changes of Availability and Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameters relating to their facilities immediately as they occur.
5.3.6.11 Indicative Generating Unit Synchronizing and De-synchronizing times and
Start-up and Shut-down times derived from the output of the Scheduling
program or process used by the TSP in re-optimization of Schedules will
be provided to each Generator in respect of its Generating Units.
5.3.6.12 Special Actions
(i) The Generation Schedule may be followed by a list of Special Actions

(either pre-Fault or post-Fault) that the TSP may request a Generator
to take in respect of a procedure to be followed by a Generating Unit
in order to maintain the integrity of the Transmission System in
accordance with the TSP operational policies.
(ii) For a Generator, such Actions may involve a load change or a change
of required Notice to Synchronize, in a specific timescale on individual
or groups of Generating Units basis.
(iii) For Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers, these
Special Actions may involve load transfers between the TSP
Connection Points or arrangements for Demand Control by manual or
automatic means.
(iv) These Special Actions will be discussed and agreed with the
concerned Generators, Distribution Entities, or Directly-connected
Customers. The actual implementation of these Special Actions will be
part of the Dispatch procedure.
5.3.7 Issuance of Generation Schedule
5.3.7.1 The TSP will issue the Generation Schedule by 15:00 hours each day for the
next following Schedule Day, providing that it gets all the necessary
information by 10:00 hours. However, if during the period in which the
Generation Schedule is being prepared, Incidents on the System (for
example, loss of Generation in a critical part of the System) occur which
require a substantial amendment to the data being used in preparing the
Generation Schedule, the TSP may extend the timescale for issuing of the
Generation Schedule to the extent necessary as a result of such Incidents.

5.3.7.2 The TSP may inform Generating Units before the issue of the Generation
Schedule for the Schedule Day to which the Instruction relates, if the length of
Notice to Synchronize requires the Instruction to be given at that time. When
the length of the time required for Notice to Synchronize is within thirty (30)
minutes of causing the Generating Unit to be unable to meet the indicative
Synchronizing time in the Generation Schedule or a subsequent Dispatch
Instruction, the Generator must inform the TSP without delay.
5.3.8 Negative Minimum Demand Regulation (NMDR)
5.3.8.1 Synchronized Generating Units must at all times be capable of reducing

output sufficient to offset the loss of the largest secured Demand on the
System and must be capable of sustaining this response. The TSP will
monitor the output data of the Generation Schedule against Forecast Demand
to see whether the level of NMDR is sufficient. Where the level of NMDR for
any period is insufficient, the TSP may contact all Generators in relation to
their relevant Generating Unit/Station in the case of low NMDR and will
discuss whether:
(i) any change is possible to Generating Unit inflexibility; and/or
(ii) any change is possible in declared Availability of a Generating Unit
which has been notified to the TSP.
5.3.8.2 In the event that the TSP is unable to differentiate between Generating Unit
Costs, the TSP will instruct a Generator to Shutdown a specified Generating
Unit based upon the following factors:
(i) effect on Power flows (resulting in the minimization of Transmission
System losses);
(ii) reserve capability;
(iii) Reactive Power worth; and
(iv) in the case of localized NMDR, the effectiveness of output reduction in
the management of the System constraints.
5.3.9 Inadequate Operating Margin
5.3.9.1 In the period following 10:00 hours each day and in relation to the following
Schedule Day, the TSP will monitor the output data of the Generation
Schedule against Forecast Demand and the Operating Margin to see whether
the anticipated level of the Operating Margin for any period is insufficient.

5.3.9.2 Where this level for any period is anticipated to be insufficient, the TSP will
send a Notification of Inadequate Operating Margin (NIOM) to each
Generator and Distribution Entity. The NIOM will indicate the insufficiency and
the period for which the insufficiency is anticipated.
5.3.9.3 The monitoring will be regular and revised NIOMs may be sent out from time
to time. These will reflect any changes in declared Availability which have
been notified to the TSP, and will reflect any Demand Control which has also
been so notified. They will also reflect generally any changes in the Forecast
Demand and the relevant Operating Margin.
5.4 Generation Dispatch
5.4.1.1 Based on the Generation Schedule prepared and issued in accordance with
the provisions of the previous section, the TSP will issue Dispatch Instructions
to Generators and other Users. The Disptach process is shown in Figure 5.2
on page 132.
5.4.1.2 Dispatch Instructions relating to the Schedule Day will normally be issued at
any time during the period beginning immediately after the issue of the
Generation Schedule in respect of that Schedule Day.
5.4.1.3 A Dispatch Instruction may be subsequently cancelled or varied.
5.4.2 Dispatch Instructions to Generators
5.4.2.1 Dispatch Instructions will always be issued to Generators at the Control

Center for their Generating Station.
5.4.2.2 Dispatch Instruction given by the TSP to a Generator for a specific
Generating Unit may involve a change in the Active Power output, a change
in the Reactive Power output, Synchronizing and De-synchronizing time (if
appropriate), a change to the mode of operation, or to provide one or more of
the contracted System Services.
5.4.2.3 As Demand and Availability varies during real-time operation, the TSP will
adjust Generating Unit MW output by using an economic loading order based
on the Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters provided by Generators as part
of their Nominations.
5.4.2.4 Dispatch Instruction will always be in accordance with Scheduling and
Dispatch Parameters but shall take account of any temporary changes to

these Parameters notified to the TSP under (5.3.6.7). A Dispatch Instruction

given by the TSP to a Generator may be given orally, by phone, or in writing
in accordance with the procedures detailed in Chapter 4: Operating Code.
5.4.2.5 A Dispatch Instruction must be formally acknowledged immediately by the
Generator in respect of that Generating Unit by telephone, or a reason given
immediately for non-acceptance. The reason for non-acceptance may only be
on Safety grounds (relating to personnel or Plant) or because the Dispatch
Instruction is not valid as detailed in the following clause.
5.4.2.6 For a Dispatch Instruction to be valid, it must observe the limits of Availability,
System Service capability and Operational Characteristics as properly
Declared to the TSP in accordance with the provisions in a Declaration
relevant to the time and period to which the Dispatch Instruction relates,
subject to provisions of System Emergency Condition (5.4.7).
5.4.2.7 Additional factors which the TSP will, however, also take into account for
issuing Dispatch Instructions are the effect of those Generators which have
not complied with the TSP instructions or agreed Special Actions (including
Demand Control) pursuant to (5.3.6.12) and variation between forecast and
actual Demand as these will have an effect on Dispatch.
5.4.2.8 Where a Generator has two or more identical Generating Units at the same
Site, the Generator may notify the TSP as to the preferred Unit to be
Dispatched. The TSP shall however, select the Unit to be Dispatched, taking
into account its obligations in operating the Transmission System.
5.4.2.9 In the event that in carrying out the Dispatch Instruction, an unforeseen
problem arises, caused on Safety grounds (relating to personnel or, Plant),
the Generator will notify the TSP by telephone without delay.
5.4.3 Generation Synchronizing and Desynchronizing Times
5.4.3.1 Except in an emergency or by prior agreement, a Generating Unit/Station

shall request permission of the TSP to Synchronize or De-synchronize. A
Dispatch Instruction shall be issued to carry out the action.
5.4.3.2 The TSP will determine the required Synchronizing and De-Synchronizing
times for the Generating Units in accordance with the times Declared in their
Operating Characteristics, and will issue Dispatch Instructions to Generators
accordingly.
5.4.3.3 If a Dispatch Instruction to a specific Generating Unit does not also contain a
MW Output to be achieved then it shall be assumed that the Dispatch

Instructions is to increase the output (following Synchronization) up to the

level of Minimum Generation.
5.4.3.4 The issue of Dispatch Instructions for Active Power at the Connection Point
will be made with due regard to any resulting change in Reactive Power
capability and may include instruction for reduction in Active Power
Generation to enable an increase in Reactive Power capability;
5.4.3.5 Where the TSP issues a Synchronizing time to a Generator for a specific
Generating Unit and the Generator finds out that the Generating Unit will not
be able to Synchronize within ± ten (10) minutes of the instructed time, the
Generator will immediately inform the TSP of the situation and provide a new
estimate of the Synchronizing time.
5.4.4 Dispatch of Active Power
5.4.4.1 Based on the Generation Schedule, on System conditions, and on other

factors as may arise from time to time, the TSP may issue Dispatch
Instructions to a Generator in relation to a specific Generating Unit, which
has been Instructed to be Synchronized under (5.4.3), to adjust its Active
Power output at a target frequency.
5.4.4.2 On receiving and accepting a Dispatch Instruction to change the level of
Active Power, the Generating Unit must without undue delay adjust the level
of output of the Unit to achieve the new target within that Generating Unit’s
Declared Operating Characteristics.
5.4.4.3 A Unit shall be deemed to have complied with a Dispatch Instruction when it
achieves an output within the allowable tolerance (as per the applicable
agreement) of the Dispatched Output and within the time calculated for the
change from its Declared Operating Characteristics.
5.4.4.4 The adjustment of Active Power output of a Unit operating in a Frequency
Sensitive Mode for System frequency other than an average of 60Hz, shall
be made in accordance with the current Declared value of Governor Droop
for the Unit.
5.4.5 Dispatch of Reactive Power
5.4.5.1 To ensure that a satisfactory System voltage profile is maintained and that
sufficient Reactive Power reserves are maintained, the TSP may issue
Dispatch Instructions in relation to Reactive Power.

5.4.5.2 Mvar output: Where a Generating Unit is instructed to a specific output, the
Generator must achieve that output within a tolerance of ± two (2) % or ±
one (1) Mvar (or such other figure as may be agreed with the TSP) by:
(i) on load tap changing on the Generating Unit step-up transformer; or
(ii) adjusting the Generating Unit Excitation System.
5.4.5.3 Once this has been achieved, the Generator will not tap change or adjust
the Excitation System without prior consultation with and agreement of the
TSP, on the basis that Mvar output will be allowed to vary with System
conditions.
5.4.5.4 Target voltage levels: Where a Generating Unit is instructed to a specific
target voltage, the Generators must achieve that target within a tolerance of
± one (1) kV (or such other figure as may be agreed with the TSP) by either:
(i) on load tap changing on the Generating Unit step-up transformer; or
(ii) adjusting the Generating Unit Excitation System.
5.4.5.5 Under normal operating conditions, once this target voltage level has been
achieved, the Generators will not tap or adjust terminal voltage again before
consulting with and seeking agreement of the TSP.
5.4.5.6 Maximum Mvar production ("maximum Excitation"): Under certain
conditions, such as low System voltage, an instruction to maximum Mvar
output at instructed MW output ("maximum Excitation") may be given, and a
Generator should take appropriate actions to maximize Mvar output.
5.4.5.7 Maximum Mvar absorption ("minimum Excitation"): Under certain
conditions, such as high System voltage, an instruction to maximum Mvar
absorption at instructed MW output ("minimum Excitation") may be given,
and a Generator should take appropriate actions to maximize Mvar
absorption.
5.4.5.8 The Excitation System, unless otherwise agreed with the TSP, must be
operated only in its constant terminal voltage mode of operation with var
limiters in service, with any constant Reactive Power output control mode or
constant Power Factor output control mode always disabled, unless
expressly agreed otherwise with the TSP. In the event of any change in
System voltage, Generators must not take any action to override automatic
Mvar response which is produced as a result of constant terminal voltage
mode of operation unless instructed otherwise by the TSP or unless
immediate action is necessary to comply with Stability limits.

5.4.5.9 A Dispatch Instruction relating to Reactive Power will be implemented

without delay and will be achieved not later than two (2) minutes after the
instructed time, or such longer period as the TSP may instruct.
5.4.5.10 On receiving a new Active Power Dispatch Instruction, no tap changing or
Generator terminal voltage adjustment shall be carried out to change the
Mvar unless there is a new Dispatch Instruction.
5.4.5.11 Where an instruction to Synchronize is given, or where a Generating Unit is
Synchronized and a MW Dispatch Instruction is given, a Mvar Dispatch
Instruction consistent with the Generating Unit’s relevant parameters will
also be given. In the absence of a Mvar Dispatch Instruction with an
instruction to Synchronize, the Mvar output should be zero (0) Mvar.
5.4.5.12 Where a Dispatch Instruction to De-synchronize is given, a Mvar Dispatch
Instruction, compatible with Shutdown, may also be given prior to De-
Synchronization being achieved. In the absence of a separate Mvar
Dispatch Instruction, it is implicit in the Dispatch Instruction to De-
Synchronize that Mvar output should at the point of synchronism be zero (0)
Mvar at De-Synchronization.
5.4.6 Additional Dispatch Instructions
In addition to Dispatch Instructions relating to Dispatch of Active Power and

Reactive Power, Dispatch Instruction may also include those relating to the
following:
(i) Reserve: Details of the reserve to be carried by each Generating Unit/
Station including specification of the timescale in which that reserve
may be transferable into increased Generating Unit/Station output.
(ii) System Services: An instruction for a User to provide System
Services.
(iii) Secondary Control Mode: A requirement for change to or from
Secondary Control Mode for each Generating Unit.
(iv) Tests: An instruction to carry out tests as required under section (4.8)
or (4.9) of Chapter 4: Operating Code.
5.4.7 System Emergency Conditions
5.4.7.1 In order to maintain Transmission System integrity under System

Emergency Conditions, the TSP may issue Dispatch Instructions to
Generators to operate outside the limits implied by the then current

Declarations. When issuing such a Dispatch Instruction, the TSP shall

inform the Generator that the Dispatch Instructions is being issued under
System Emergency Conditions.
5.4.7.2 Where the TSP has issued a Dispatch Instructions in accordance with the
provisions for System Emergency Conditions requiring operation of a
Generating Unit outside the limits applied by the then applicable
Declarations, then the Generator must comply with the Dispatch
Instructions.
5.4.8 Generating Unit/Station Parameter Changes
5.4.8.1 Each Generator at its Generating Unit/Station will without delay notify the
TSP by telephone of any change or loss (temporary or otherwise) to the
operational capability including any changes to the Scheduling and
Dispatch Parameters of each Generating Unit which is Synchronized or has
been instructed to Synchronize within the next three (3) hours.
5.4.8.2 If, for any reason, including a change of Availability or Scheduling and
Dispatch Parameters made by the Generator, the prevailing Dispatch
Instruction in respect of any Generating Unit is no longer within the
applicable Availability or Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters then:
(i) the Generator will use reasonable endeavors to secure that a revised
Dispatch Instruction is issued by the TSP such that the new Dispatch
Instruction is within the now applicable Availability and/or Scheduling
and Dispatch Parameters; and
(ii) if the TSP fails to issue such a new Dispatch Instruction within a
reasonable time then the relevant Generator shall be entitled to
change the operation of such Generating Unit to bring its operation
within the applicable Availability and/or Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameters until the TSP issues a new Dispatch Instruction within the
applicable Availability and/or Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters.
Prior to making such a change in operation, the Generator will use
reasonable endeavors to advise the TSP (by telephone and then
confirming it by fax) of its intended action and the timing of the
intended action.

5.4.9 Excitation Control System Mode of Operation
Each Generator shall operate its Generating Units with automatic voltage
regulator (AVR), var limiters, and Power System Stabilizers (PSS), as
required under their respective Connection Agreement, in service at all
times unless released from this obligation by the TSP.
5.4.10 Dispatch Instructions for Distribution Entities and Directly-connected

Customers
5.4.10.1 Dispatch Instructions to Distribution Entities and Directly-connected

Customers relating to the Schedule Day will normally be issued at any time
during the period beginning immediately after the issue of the Generation
Schedule as a list of Special Actions in respect of that Schedule Day.
5.4.10.2 The TSP will issue Dispatch Instructions directly to the Distribution Entity or
Directly-connected Customer at each Control Center in relation to Special
Actions and Demand Control. Dispatch Instructions may include:
(i) a requirement for Demand Reduction and Disconnection or
Restoration;
(ii) an instruction for load transfer between Connection Points; and
(iii) an instruction to switch in the load shedding scheme.
5.4.10.3 Dispatch Instructions to a Distribution Entity or Directly-connected Customer
will be given by telephone (and will include an exchange of operator names)
and must be formally accepted by the Distribution Entity or the Directly-
connected Customer (as the case may be) by telephone. The Distribution
Entity or the Directly-connected Customer (as the case may be) must
comply without delay with all the Dispatch Instructions received by it.
5.4.10.4 In the event that in carrying out the Dispatch Instructions, an unforeseen
problem arises, the Distribution Entity or the Directly-connected Customer
(as the case may be) will notify the TSP by telephone without delay.
5.4.10.5 The Dispatch Instruction delivered verbally (by phone) shall be followed by
a written confirmation afterwards.
5.4.11 Nature of Dispatch Instructions
The format of and the terms to be used by the TSP in issuing instructions
together with their meanings will be provided by the TSP to participating
Users.

Schedule Day
Day ahead of Schedule Day
131
Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code
15:00 hours
10:00 hours 12:00 hours
Generators submit TSP receives Yes
TSP Prepares TSP adjusts/re- TSP issues Gen. TSP revises
Declarations/Nominations these by 10:00 optimizes Generation Schedule by generation
hours? Generation Schedule
to TSP by 10:00 hours Schedule, if required 15:00 hours Schedule, if required
i d
No
TSP contacts relevant
Special Actions by
Generator to get
Generator
Declaration/Nomination
Special Actions by
Distribution Entity/
Directly-connected
Customer
Generator Yes
submits
Declaration/
Nomination by Negative Minimum

12:00 hours? Demand Regulation
No Notice of Inadequate
TSP estimates the
Operating tem
Declaration/
Yes Margin
Nomination
No
Generator submits TSP receives
revised Parameters to these before
TSP, if necessary 15:00 hours?
Figure 5.1 Overview of Generation Scheduling Process
TSP revises Generator
Instructions, if discusses and
132
Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code
possible clarifies to TSP

NO
NO
Yes
Yes
Can
TSP issues Dispatch Instructions Dispatch Generator Generator
Instructions to accepted Instructions to Synchronize Synchronizes
Generator by Synchronize/ within10
Generator? Desynchronize minutes?
Active/Reactive
Power Dispatch
Operating Mode Generator
Dispatch achieves Informs the TSP
target
Instructions for Parameter changes
Demand Reduction,
Disconnection, and
Restoration
Additional
Instructions

TSP issues Dispatch
Instructions to Instructions for Load Generator
NO
Distribution Entities/ Transfer between Any System Emergency complies with
Directly-connected Connection Points unforeseen Conditions Instructions

Customers. problems?
Yes
Instructions for The entity
Switching in Load achieves target
Shedding Scheme
The entity discusses with The entity takes
TSP, and TSP issues new action
Instructions
Figure 5.2 Overview of the Dispatch Process
APPENDIX A5.1: Generating Block/Unit Declaration
A5.1.1 Availability Notice
(i) Generating Availability, (start time and date).

(ii) Generating Unit regime unavailability, (day, start time, end time).
(iii) Generating Unit initial conditions (time required for Notice to Synchronize
and from Start-up to Synchronize).
(iv) Maximum Generation increase in output above declared Availability.
(v) Any changes to Primary Response and Secondary Response
characteristics.
A5.1.2 Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters
(i) Generating Unit inflexibility (inflexibility description, start date and time, end
date and time, MW);
(ii) Generating Unit Synchronizing intervals (hot time interval, off-load time
interval);
(iii) Station Generating Unit De-Synchronizing intervals;
(iv) Generating Unit basic data:
(a) Minimum Generation;
(b) Minimum Shutdown time;
(v) Generating Unit duty-cycle limitation;
(vi) Generating Unit minimum on time;
(vii) Generating Unit Synchronizing MW;
(viii) Generating Unit Synchronizing groups;
(ix) Generating Unit run-up rates with MW breakpoints;
(x) Generating Unit run-down rates with MW breakpoints;
(xi) Generating Unit loading rates covering the range from Minimum Generation
to Net Dependable Power Capacity;
(xii) Generating Unit de-loading rates covering the range from Net Dependable
Power Capacity to Minimum Generation.

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 6: Data and Information Exchange Code
CHAPTER 6 DATA AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE CODE
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 The proper and timely exchange of data and information between the TSP
and Users is critical for ensuring non-discriminatory access to the
Transmission System and the safe and reliable provision of Transmission
services. This chapter, therefore, sets out the obligations and responsibilities
of the TSP and Users in relation to the supply of data and information to each
other, and also lists the various categories of data and information to be
exchanged between the TSP and the Users.
6.1.2 The data which is specified in different chapters of the Grid Code are collated
here in this chapter. The relevant chapters also specify the procedures and
timings for the supply of the requisite data.
6.1.3 The various chapters of the Grid Code also specify the information that the
TSP will supply to Users. This information is summarized in a single schedule
in this chapter.
6.1.4 The data listed in the various chapters of the Grid Code contain only the
typical range of data which may be required by the TSP. The actual data
required will be advised by the TSP at the time of assessment of the User
application for new, or modification of an existing, Connection.
6.1.5 In the event of any inconsistency between any other chapter of the Grid Code
and the Data and Information Exchange Code, the provisions of that chapter
of the Grid Code shall prevail.
6.2 Objective
The objective of this chapter is to formalize the procedure for exchange of

data and information between the TSP and Users and to list the typical range
of information and data that the Users are required to submit to the TSP and
the TSP is required to provide to the User(s) during the course of Grid
operation.

6.3 Data and Information Categories and Registration
6.3.1 The following types of data and information shall be required to be registered
by the User:
(i) Standard Planning Data: Each User shall provide to the TSP the
standard data of the Equipment connected to the Transmission
System for planning purposes. The detail of the required data is
provided in Appendix A3.1 of Chapter 3: Planning Code.
(ii) Detailed Planning Data: Each User shall provide to the TSP the
detailed data for the Equipment connected to the Transmission
System for planning purposes. The detail of the data is provided in
Appendix A3.2 of Chapter 3: Planning Code.
(iii) Operational Data: Each User shall provide to the TSP the operational
parameters of the Equipment connected to the Transmission System
for the safe and reliable operation of the system. The detail of the
required data is provided in Chapter 4: Operating Code.
6.4 Procedure and Obligations
6.4.1 In accordance with the provisions of the various sections of the Grid Code,
each User shall submit data and information as listed in Schedules 1 to 12 in
Appendix A6.1.
6.4.2 The TSP shall be responsible for data and information storage and archiving.
6.4.3 All the data and information systems must be auditable by the Regulator or an
independent agency designated by the Regulator. The systems must provide
for clear and accessible audit trails on all relevant operational transactions. All
requests that require an audit on a system shall be undertaken with
reasonable notice to the Users.
6.4.4 The TSP shall keep all paper-based information for a period of at least five (5)
years commencing from the date the information was created.
6.4.5 Participants shall ensure reasonable security against unauthorized access,
use, and loss of information (i.e. have a backup strategy) for the systems that
contain the information.
6.4.6 Participants shall store planning information that is kept electronically for at
least five (5) years.
6.4.7 The TSP shall archive operational information, in a historical repository sized
for five (5) years’ data. These data shall include the following:

(i) status information, change of state alarms, and Event messages.

(ii) hourly Scheduling and Energy accounting information.
(iii) operator entered data and actions.
6.4.8 An audit trail of all changes made to the archived data shall be maintained.
This audit trail shall identify every change made, and the time and date of the
change. The audit trail shall include both before and after values of all content
and structure changes.
6.5 Data and Information Submissions
6.5.1 The data must be submitted to the TSP’s relevant contact as specified in
(1.12) and (1.13) of Chapter 1. The name of the person who is submitting
each Schedule of data must be included.
6.5.2 The data may be submitted via electronic means (if such a data link exists
between the User and the TSP after obtaining prior written consent from the
TSP), or through a computer-readable medium.
6.5.3 The Users must notify the TSP of any changes to data which are already
submitted and registered in accordance with the various provisions of the Grid
Code.
6.5.4 If a User fails to supply data when that User is required to provide that to the
TSP, the TSP will estimate such data if and when, in the view of the TSP, it is
necessary to do so.
6.5.5 If the TSP fails to supply data to a User, the User to whom that data ought to
have been supplied, will estimate such data if and when, in the view of that
User, it is necessary to do so.
6.5.6 Such estimates will, in each case be based upon data supplied previously for
the same Plant or Apparatus or using corresponding data for similar Plant
and/or Apparatus or such other information as the TSP or User, as the case
may be, deems appropriate.
6.5.7 The TSP will advise a User in writing of any estimated data it intends to use
relating directly to that User Plant and/or Apparatus in the event of data not
supplied.
6.5.8 The User will advise the TSP in writing of any estimated data it intends to use
in the event of data not supplied.
6.5.9 Any risk associated with the use of estimated data will be borne by the party
that has failed to provide the required data.

6.5.10 Wherever practicable, Users, while submitting data, should identify the
recognized national or international standard to which their Plant, Equipment,
and/or Apparatus was designed.
6.6 Data and Information to be Registered
6.6.1 The following Schedules shall be supplied by Users (Generation, Distribution

Entities, and Directly-connected Customers) to the TSP and will cover the
required data for each User:
(i) Schedule 1: Generating Unit Technical Data. This shall comprise

Generating Unit/Station fixed parameters.
(ii) Schedule 2: Generating Unit/Station Outage Data. This shall

comprise Generating Unit/Station Equipment Outage Planning Data.
(iii) Schedule 3: Generation Operation Schedule Data. This shall

comprise data required for the preparation of the Generation
Schedule.
(iv) Schedule 4: Generation Operational Planning Data. This shall

comprise Generating Unit/Station parameters required for Operational
Planning.
(v) Schedule 5: User System Data. This shall comprise electrical

parameters relating to Plant and Apparatus connected to the
(vi) Schedule 6: Connection Point Data. This shall comprise data

related to Demand and Demand transfer capability.
(vii) Schedule 7: Demand Control Data. This shall comprise data

relating to Demand Control.
(viii) Schedule 8: Scheduling and Dispatch Data. This shall comprise

parameters required for Scheduling and Dispatch of Generating
Unit/Station.
(ix) Schedule 9: Load Characteristics Data. This shall comprise

estimated parameters of loads in respect of Harmonic content,
sensitivity, etc.

(x) Schedule 10: Fault Infeed Data. This shall comprise data related to
short circuit infeed of User Equipment to the Transmission System.
(xi) Schedule 11: User Demand Profiles and Active Energy Data. This
shall comprise data related to Demand profiles.
6.6.2 The following Schedule shall be made available by the TSP to Users:
(i) Schedule 12: Data Supplied by the TSP to all Users. This shall
comprise data supplied by the TSP to Users.
6.6.3 Forms for submitting various schedules are provided in Appendix A6.1 to this
section. Applicability of these schedules to each category of Users is
indicated in the following table:
Schedule Number
Users
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Generators 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Distribution Entities 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Directly-connected
9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Customers

APPENDIX A6.1: SCHEDULE FORMS
SCHEDULE FORMS

Schedule 1: Generating Unit Technical Data
Page1 of 7
Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Year Year Year Year Year Year

Data Description Unit
Category
0 1 2 3 4 5
Maximum Capacity MW
that the Generator DPD
can provide Mvar
Capacity at the time MW

DPD
of TSP peak Demand
Mvar
Capacity at the time MW

of TSP minimum DPD
Demand Mvar
Capacity supplied MW
through Unit DPD
transformer at rated
Mvar
output
Data Generating Unit/Station
Category U1 U2 ⋅⋅⋅ Un Station
Rated Apparent
SPD MVA
Power
Maximum continuous
SPD MW
rating
Nominal voltage
SPD kV
rating
Emergency rating SPD MW
Minimum rating SPD MW
Speed SPD RPM
Type of Generating
Unit and expected SPD Text
running mode(s)
Short-circuit ratio SPD
Direct axis transient % on
SPD
reactance MVA
Detail of Connection
Point(s) like
geographical and SPD Text
electrical location and
System voltage

Schedule 1: Page2 of 7

Category
U1 U2 ⋅⋅⋅ Un Station
De-rated Capacity on a
monthly basis, if DPD MVA
applicable
Additional Capacity
obtainable from
Generating Unit in DPD MVA
excess of Net Declared
Capability
Minimum Stable
DPD MVA
Loading
Stator armature % on
DPD
resistance MVA
Turbine and
MW-s/
Generating Unit inertia DPD
MVA
constants
Rated field current at

Rated MW, Mvar, and DPD A
terminal voltage
Capability curve DPD Diagram
Short circuit and open

circuit characteristic DPD Diagram
curves
Impedances
Direct axis DPD % on

synchronous reactance MVA
Direct axis transient % on

DPD
reactance MVA
Direct axis sub- % on
SPD
transient reactance MVA
Quadrature axis % on
DPD
synchronous reactance MVA
Quadrature axis % on
DPD
Quadrature axis sub- % on
DPD

Schedule 1: Page 3 of 7

Category
Time Constants
Direct axis transient DPD s

time constant
Direct axis sub-
DPD s
transient time constant
Quadrature axis
DPD s
Quadrature axis sub-
DPD s
Generating Unit
step-up
transformer
SPD MVA
Rated Capacity
Rated voltage SPD kV
Cooling stages and
SPD Text
MVA rating at each
Rated base impedance SPD % on MVA
No. of windings and
SPD Text
their arrangement
Voltage ratio SPD
On-/Off-
Tap changer type SPD
load
Tap changer location SPD At HV/LV
Tap changer range SPD ±%
Tap changer step size SPD %
Positive sequence
SPD % on MVA
reactance at max. tap
Positive sequence
SPD % on MVA
reactance at min. tap
Positive sequence
reactance at nominal SPD % on MVA
tap
Positive sequence
resistance at maximum SPD % on MVA
tap
Positive sequence
resistance at minimum SPD % on MVA
tap
Positive sequence
resistance at nominal SPD % on MVA
tap
Grounding
SPD Text
arrangement
Basic lightning impulse
SPD kV
insulation level


Category
Power frequency
withstand voltage, for SPD kV
all (E)HV transformers
Chopped impulse
withstand voltage, for
SPD kV
all transformers rated
230 kV and above
Switching impulse
withstand voltage, for
SPD kV
all transformers rated
230 kV and above
Excitation System
Type (static or rotating) DPD Text

Make and model DPD Text
DC gain of Excitation
DPD
loop
Rating ( peak voltage) DPD V
Rating ( peak current) DPD A
Maximum field voltage DPD V
Minimum field voltage DPD V
Maximum rate of
change of field DPD V/s
voltage(rising)
Minimum rate of
change of field DPD V/s
voltage(falling)
Dynamic
characteristics of over DPD V
Excitation limiter
Dynamic
characteristics of under DPD V
Excitation limiter
Exciter model (in IEEE
DPD Diagram
or PTI’s PSS/E format)
Power System
Stabilizer (PSS)
Type of input(s) DPD Text

Gain for each input DPD
Lead time constant(s)
DPD s
for each input
Lag time constant for
DPD s
each input
Stabilizer model (in
IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E DPD Diagram
format)


Category
Special Protection
relays (if any) and
their settings like DPD Text
volt/hertz
Protection, etc.
Speed Governor
System parameters
of reheat steam
Generating Units
High pressure DPD MW/Hz

governor average gain
Speeder motor setting
DPD Hz
range
Speed droop
DPD Diagram
characteristic curve
High pressure
governor valve time DPD s
constant
High pressure
governor valve DPD
opening limits
High pressure
governor valve rate DPD
limits
Re-heater time
constant (Active
DPD s
Energy stored in re-
heater)
Intermediate pressure
DPD MW/Hz
governor average gain
DPD Hz
governor setting range
governor valve time DPD s
constant
governor valve DPD
opening limits
governor valve rate DPD
limits
Details of acceleration
sensitive elements in
high pressure and DPD Text
intermediate pressure
governor loop


Category
Governor model (in
format)
Speed Governor
System parameters
of non-reheat
steam or gas
turbine Generating
Unit
Governor average gain DPD MW/Hz

Speeder motor setting
DPD Hz
range
Speed droop
DPD Diagram
characteristic curve
Time constant of
steam or fuel governor DPD s
valve
Governor valve
DPD
opening limits
Governor valve rate
DPD
limits
Time constant of
DPD s
turbine
Governor model (in
format)
Plant flexibility
performance data
to be submitted for
each Generating
Unit
Rate of loading
following weekend DPD MW/min
Shutdown
Rate of loading
following an overnight DPD MW/min
Shutdown
Block load following
DPD MW
Synchronizing
Rate of Load
Reduction from normal DPD MW/min
rated
Regulating range DPD MW
Load rejection
capability while still
DPD MW
Synchronized and able
to supply load


Auxiliary Demand
data
Normal station service DPD MW

(auxiliary) load
supplied by each
Generating Unit at
rated MW output
Auxiliary or Start-up
DPD MW
Power requirements
Sensitivity to automatic
and planned DPD MW
interruptions
Non-Generator related
DPD MW
on-Site loads
Each Generating Plant
auxiliary load other
than above and where
DPD MW
the station auxiliary
load is supplied from
the Grid
Abbreviations: SPD Standard Planning Data

DPD Detailed Planning Data
Ux Generating Unit number x
Cross References: SPD (3.3.3.4 and Appendix A3.1)

DPD (3.3.3.5 and Appendix A3.2)

Schedule 2: Generating Unit/Station Outage Data
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Time Update
Category Covered Time
Provisional Outage Program
Generating Next 5
End of
Generating Unit concerned OD Unit ID years
March
Next 5 End of
Power not available due to Outage OD MW
years March
Next 5 End of
Remaining Active Power of the Plant OD MW
years March
Next 5 End of
Duration of Outage OD Weeks
years March
Start date and time or a range of start Next 5 End of
OD hours
dates and times years March
Flexible/ Next 5 End of
Flexible or Inflexible Planned Outage OD
Inflexible years March
Flexible Planned Outage Period for
Next 5 End of
which the Outage could be deferred OD Days
years March
(not less than 30 days in length)
Flexible Planned Outage period for
Next 5 End of
which the Outage could be advanced OD Days
years March
(not less than 10 days in length)
TSP issues draft Outage Program OD Text End of June
TSP issues final Outage Program OD Text End of Sept
Short Term Planned
Maintenance Outage
OD Generating Year 0
Generating Unit concerned Unit ID
Active Power not available as a result
OD MW Year 0 7 Days
of Outage
before
Remaining Active Power of the Plant OD MW Year 0 Schedule
Day
Duration of Outage OD Weeks Year 0
Start date and time or a range of start

OD hours Year 0
dates and times
Abbreviation: OD Operational Data

Cross Reference: (section 4.3)

Schedule 3: Generation Operation Schedule Data
Company Name: Generating Unit/Station Location:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:

Category
Programming Phase
Generation Schedule for

operation of Generating Unit/
Station on an hourly basis at OD MW
Connection Point for 1 to 8
weeks ahead of Schedule
Day, by 10:00 hours each
Saturday.
Control Phase
Details of any differences to

Generation Schedule OD MW
submitted under
Programming Phase for the
unexpired part of the period
Post Control Phase
MW
Details of hourly Active
Power and Reactive Power OD
output sent out to the
Mvar
Transmission System by
Generating Unit/Station
Details of hourly Active
Power and Reactive Power MW
output sent out to the
OD
Transmission System by
Generating Unit/Station Mvar
during the subsequent day
Abbreviations: OD Operational Data

Cross Reference: (section 4.3.6)

Schedule 4: Generation Operational Planning Data

Phone: City:
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Category
Steam Turbine
Generating Units
Minimum Notice to
Synchronize under
Hot start OD min

Warm start OD min
Cold start OD min
Minimum time between
OD min
Synchronizing
Minimum load required
OD MW
on Synchronizing
Maximum loading rates
from Synchronizing
Hot start OD MW/min

Warm start OD MW/min
Cold start OD MW/min
Maximum de-loading rate OD MW/min
De-synchronizing and OD min
Synchronizing
Gas Turbine
Generating Units
Minimum notice required OD Min
to Synchronize
OD min
Synchronizing
Minimum load required
OD MW
on Synchronizing
Maximum loading rates
from Synchronizing for
Fast start OD MW/min
Slow start OD MW/min
Maximum de-loading rate OD MW/min
OD min
De-synch./ Synchronizing
Abbreviations: OD, Operational Data; Ux, Generating Unit number x

Cross Reference: (section 4.3.6)

Schedule 5: User System Data

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Data
Category
Electrical Diagrams and Drawings of the System
and the Connection Point, indicating the quantities,
ratings, and operating parameters for
Equipment (Generating Units, Power transformers, and circuit

breakers, etc.)
Electrical circuits (overhead lines, underground cables, etc.)
Substation bus arrangements SPD Drawing
Grounding arrangements
Protection Schemes, their description and maintenance plans
Interrupting devices
Phase configuration
Switching facilities
Operating voltages
Site and Equipment identification and labeling
Parameters of the overhead lines and/or
underground cables from the User System
Substation to the Connection Point in the Grid
Rated and operating voltage SPD kV

Positive sequence resistance and reactance SPD % on MVA
Positive sequence shunt susceptance SPD % on MVA
Zero sequence resistance and reactance SPD % on MVA
Zero sequence susceptance SPD % on MVA
Transformers between Transmission System and
the User System
Rated Capacity SPD MVA

Cooling stages and MVA rating at each stage SPD Text
Number of windings and winding arrangement SPD Text
Voltage ratio SPD
Tap changer type (on-load or off-load) SPD On-/Off
Tap changer location (at HV or LV winding) SPD HV/LV
Tap changer range SPD ±%
Tap changer step size SPD %
Grounding arrangement SPD Text
Positive sequence reactance at max., min. and normal tap SPD % on MVA

Data
Category
% on
Positive sequence resistance at max., min. and normal tap SPD
MVA
Basic lightning impulse insulation level SPD kV
Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all (E)HV
SPD kV
transformers
Chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all
SPD kV
transformers rated 230 kV and above
Switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all
SPD kV
transformers rated 230 kV and above
Switchgears (i.e. circuit breakers, Disconnectors and
isolators) on all circuits directly connected to the
Connection Point including those at Substations of
the User

Rated current SPD A
Rated symmetrical RMS short-circuit current SPD kA
Rated unsymmetrical RMS short-circuit current SPD kA
Rated Interruption time SPD ms
Basic lightning impulse insulation level SPD kV
Interrupting current for all circuit breakers SPD kA
Interrupting time for all circuit breakers SPD s
Symmetrical short- circuit current withstand time, required for
SPD s
all circuit breakers
Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all circuit
SPD kV
breakers
Chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all circuit
SPD kV
breakers and Disconnect Switches rated 230 kV and above
Switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all circuit
SPD kV
breakers and Disconnect Switches rated 230 kV and above
Details of User System Grounding
The rated short time withstand current SPD kA

% on
Zero sequence impedance SPD
MVA
Short time rating of the Grounding Equipment SPD s
Data on independently-switched Reactive Power
compensation Equipment at the Connection Point
and/or at the Substation of the User System.
Rated Capacity SPD Mvar

Type (e.g., shunt reactor, shunt capacitor, static var
SPD Text
compensator)
Operation and control details (e.g. fixed or variable, automatic,
SPD Text
or manual)

Data
Category
If a significant portion of the User Demand may be

supplied from alternative Connection Point(s), the
relevant information on the Demand transfer
capability shall be provided including the following:
The alternative Connection Point(s) SPD Text
The Demand normally supplied from each alternative
SPD MW
Connection Point
The Demand which may be transferred from or to each
SPD MW
alternative Connection Point
The control (e.g., manual or automatic) arrangements for
transfer including the time required to effect the transfer for SPD Text
Forced Outage and planned maintenance conditions
If a User System has Embedded/Captive Generating
Units and significantly large-sized motors, the short
circuit contribution of the Embedded/Captive
Generating Units and the large motors at the
Connection Point shall be provided by the SPD kA
Distribution Entities (or the other Users). The short-
circuit current shall be calculated in accordance with
the TSP standards, or in their absence, the relevant
IEC or their equivalent national standards.
If a User System has fluctuating loads, the following
information shall be provided
Cyclic variation of Active Power over time SPD MW/time
Cyclic variation of Reactive Power over time SPD Mvar/time
Maximum rate of change of Active Power SPD MW/s
Maximum rate of change of Reactive Power SPD Mvar/s
Largest step change of Active Power SPD MW
Largest step change of Reactive Power SPD Mvar
If the User System has commutating Power
electronic loads, detail such as no. of pulses, max.
SPD Text
voltage notch, and Harmonic distortion potential (up
to 50th Harmonic) shall be provided to the TSP.
A Single Line Diagram showing all load current
carrying Apparatus at the Connection Point,
specifically the following:
DPD Diagram
Busbar layout(s)
Electric circuit configurations (i.e. overhead lines, underground
DPD Diagram
cables, Power transformers and similar Equipment)
Phase arrangements DPD Diagram
Grounding arrangements DPD Diagram
Switching facilities DPD Diagram
Operating voltages DPD Diagram
Numbering and nomenclature DPD Diagram

Data
Category
For each HV motor
Type DPD Text

MVA rating DPD MVA
MW rating DPD MW
Power Factor DPD
Full-load current rating DPD A
Starting method and starting current DPD Text, A
Number of start ups per day DPD Text
Torque/speed characteristics for the motor DPD Diagram
Torque/speed characteristics for the relevant load DPD Diagram
Inertia constant for the motor and the driven load DPD s
Dynamic parameters(for synchronous motors) DPD % on MVA
Transient over-voltage assessment data for
undertaking insulation coordination studies
Busbar layout, including dimensions and geometry and DPD Diagram

electrical parameters of any associated Current Transformers,
Voltage Transformers, wall bushings, and support insulators
Physical and electrical parameters of lines, cables,
transformers, reactors and shunt compensators connected at DPD Text
that Busbar or by lines or cables to that Busbar
Specification of all Apparatus connected directly or by lines and
DPD Text
cables to the Busbar including basic insulation levels
Characteristics of over voltage protection at the Busbar and at
DPD Text
the termination of lines and cables connected at the Busbar
The Generating Unit /Station transformer data is required: three
or five limb cores or single phase units to be specified, and DPD Text
operating peak flux density at nominal voltage
User Protection System data which can trip, inter-trip
or close any Connection Point circuit breaker or any
TSP circuit breaker
Full description and estimated settings, of all relays/Protection DPD Text

systems installed or to be installed on the User System
A full description of any auto-reclose facilities installed on the
DPD Text
User System, including type and time delays
Full description including estimated settings, for all relays and
Protection systems installed or to be installed on the
DPD Text
Generating Unit, Generating Unit transformer, Station
transformer and their associated connections
For Generating Unit having (or intending to have) a circuit
breaker at the Generating Unit terminal voltage, clearance DPD ms
times for electrical Faults within the Generating Unit zone
The most probable Fault clearance time for electrical Faults on
DPD ms
User System directly connected to the Transmission System
Abbreviations: SPD, Standard Planning Data; DPD, Detailed Planning Data

Cross References: SPD (3.3.3.4, Appendix A3.1); DPD (3.3.3.5, Appendix A3.2)

Schedule 6: Connection Point Data
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Up-
Data Data Year Year Year Year Year Year
Unit date
Description Category 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time
Annual peak
hour User SPD MW
Demand at
Annual
Maximum
SPD PF
Demand
Conditions
User Demand
SPD MW End of
at TSP peak
March
Demand at
Annual MD SPD PF
Conditions
User Demand
at minimum SPD MW
TSP Demand
at Average SPD PF
Conditions
Demand
transfer
capability
data
Name of the SPD Text

alternative
Connection
Point(s) End of
SPD MW March
Demand
transferable
SPD Mvar
Transfer
arrangement Man./
SPD
(e.g. manual Auto.
or automatic)
Time to effect
SPD hours
transfer
Abbreviation: SPD Standard Planning Data

Cross Reference: (3.3.3.4 and Appendix A3.1)

Schedule 7: Demand Control Data
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Data Time Update

Data Description
Category Unit Covered Time
Programming Phase
Demand Control which may result in
a Demand change of 5 MW or more
on an hourly and Connection Point
basis By 10:00
Weeks hours
OD MW 1 to 8
Demand profile Saturday
By 10:00
Weeks
Duration of proposed Demand Control OD hours hours
1 to 8
Saturday
Control Phase (for Distribution
Entities and Directly-connected
Customers) Now to
next 7
OD MW Immediate
Demand Control which may result in a Days
Demand change of 5 MW or more
averaged over any hour on any Connection
Point which is planned after 10:00 hours
Now to
Any changes to planned Demand Control
OD MW next 7 Immediate
notified to the TSP prior to 10:00 hours
Days
Post Control Phase (for Distribution
Entities and Directly-connected
Customers)
Demand Reduction achieved on previous OD MW

calendar day of 5 MW or more averaged
over any Connection Point, on an hourly
and Connection Point basis
Previous 10:00 hours
Active Power profiles OD MW
Day Daily
Previous 10:00 hours
Duration OD hours
Day Daily
Abbreviation: OD Operational Data

Cross Reference: (section 4.2)

Schedule 8: Scheduling and Dispatch Data
Page1 of 2
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Generating Unit
Availability
Net Dependable Capacity OD MW

Start time OD Date/time
Generating Unit
unavailability
Start time OD Date/time

End time OD Date/time
Generating Unit initial
conditions
Notice to Synchronize OD hours

Time required for Start-up OD hours
Maximum increase in output
OD
above declared Availability
Any changes to Primary and/or
Secondary Response OD
characteristics
Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters
Generating Unit
inflexibility
OD Text
Description
Start date OD Date/time
End date OD Date/time
Active Power OD MW
Generating Unit
Synchronizing intervals
Hot time interval OD hours

Off-load time interval OD hours
Generating Unit De-
OD Time
synchronizing intervals


Generating Unit basic data
Minimum Shutdown time OD hours

Generating Unit duty cycle OD
Generating Unit minimum on
OD hours
time
Generating Unit Minimum
OD
Generation
Generating Unit run-up rates
OD MW/min
with breakpoints
Generating Unit run-down rates
OD MW/min
with breakpoints
Generating Unit loading rates
covering the range from
OD MW/min
Minimum Generation to Net
Dependable Power Capacity
Generating Unit de-loading
rates covering the range from
Net Dependable Power OD MW/min
Capacity to Minimum
Generation
Abbreviations: OD Operational Data


Schedule 9: User System Load Characteristics
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Category
0 1 2 3 4 5
Detail of loads with
characteristics
considerably
DPD MW
different than the
typical range
supplied
Demand sensitivity
to voltage variation DPD MW/kV
at peak
Connection Point
DPD Mvar/kV
Demand
Demand sensitivity
to frequency DPD MW/Hz
variation at peak
Connection Point DPD Mvar/Hz
Demand
Maximum
expected phase
unbalance DPD %
imposed on the
System
Average expected
phase unbalance
DPD %
imposed on the
System
Maximum
expected
Harmonic content DPD
%
imposed on the
System
Loads which may
cause Demand
fluctuations
DPD MW
greater than 5 MW
at a Connection
Point
Load criticality
High Priority
DPD MW
Medium Priority
Low Priority
Abbreviations: DPD Detailed Planning Data

Schedule 10: Fault Infeed Data
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Category 0 1 2 3 4 5
Short circuit infeed
to Transmission
System from the
User System at a
Connection Point
Symmetrical three-
phase short circuit kA
DPD
current infeed at instant
of Fault
Symmetrical single-
phase short circuit
DPD kA
current infeed at instant
of Fault
Symmetrical three-
phase short circuit
current infeed after sub-
DPD
transient Fault current kA
contribution has
substantially decayed
Zero sequence source
impedance values as
seen from the %on
DPD
Connection Point MVA
consistent with the
maximum infeed above
Positive sequence X/R
DPD
ratio at instance of Fault
Abbreviations: DPD Detailed Planning Data


Schedule 11: User Demand Profiles and Active Energy Data
Page1 of 2
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Data Data Year Year Year Year Year Year Update

Unit
Description Category 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time
Forecast
Demand 1. On the day of User Maximum Demand
profiles for each at Annual Maximum Demand
User System Conditions
End of
(summed over SPD,OD MW 2. On the day of peak TSP Demand at
March
all Connection Annual Maximum Demand Conditions
Points for the 3. On the day of minimum TSP Demand at
Distribution Average Conditions
Entity
0000 : 0100 SPD,OD MW
0100 : 0200 SPD,OD MW
0200 : 0300 SPD,OD MW
0300 : 0400 SPD,OD MW
0400 : 0500 SPD,OD MW
0500 : 0600 SPD,OD MW
0600 : 0700 SPD,OD MW
0700 : 0800 SPD,OD MW
0800 : 0900 SPD,OD MW
1000 : 1100 SPD,OD MW
1100 : 1200 SPD,OD MW
1200 : 1300 SPD,OD MW
1300 : 1400 SPD,OD MW
1400 : 1500 SPD,OD MW
1500 : 1600 SPD,OD MW
1600 : 1700 SPD,OD MW
1700 : 1800 SPD,OD MW
1800 : 1900 SPD,OD MW
1900 : 2000 SPD,OD MW
2000 : 2100 SPD,OD MW
2100 : 2200 SPD,OD MW
2200 : 2300 SPD,OD MW
2300 : 2400 SPD,OD MW

Data Data Year Year Year Year Year Year

Unit Update
Description Category 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time
End of
Total Demand SPD,OD MW
March
Active Energy End of
SPD,OD MWh
requirement March
Annual MWh
requirements
(summed
over all
Connection
Points) for
Distribution
Entities at
Average
Conditions
End of
SPD,OD MWh March
Residential
End of
Agricultural SPD,OD MWh
March
End of
Commercial SPD,OD MWh
March
End of
Government SPD,OD MWh
March
End of
Industrial SPD,OD MWh
March
End of
Street Lighting SPD,OD MWh
March
End of
Hospitals SPD,OD MWh
March
Any other
identifiable End of
SPD,OD MWh
categories of March
Users
User System End of
SPD,OD MWh
losses March
Abbreviations: SPD Standard Planning Data

OD Operational Data
Cross References: (3.3.3.4, Appendix A3.1, and section 4.2)

Schedule 12: Data Supplied by the TSP to Users
Data Description
The date and time of annual peak of TSP Demand at Annual Maximum Demand
Conditions
The date and time of annual minimum TSP Demand at Average Conditions
Transmission System data including
Network Topology and ratings of principal items of Equipment

Positive, negative and zero sequence data of lines, cables, transformers, etc.
Relay and Protection data
Transmission System Data as an equivalent 380kV, 230kV and 110/115kV source
at the Connection Point to the User System
Symmetrical three-phase short-circuit current infeed at the instant of Fault from the
Transmission System
Symmetrical three-phase short circuit current from the Transmission System after the sub-
transient Fault current contribution has substantially decayed
Zero sequence source resistance and reactance values at the Connection Point,
consistent with the maximum infeed currents above
Pre-Fault voltage magnitude at which the maximum Fault currents were calculated
Positive sequence X/R ratio at the instant of Fault
Appropriate interconnection transformer data
Name of Safety Representatives
Provisional Outage program showing the Generating Units expected to be
withdrawn from service during each week of Years 2 and 3 for Planned Outages
Draft Outage Program showing the Generating Units expected to be
withdrawn from service during each week of Year 1 for Planned Outages
Maximum and minimum short circuit data relevant to the Connection Site
Cross Reference: (1.13.3 and 2.3.5)

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 7: Metering Code
CHAPTER 7 METERING CODE
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 In order to properly account for the flow of electricity through the
Transmission System, it is imperative that suitable and accurate metering and
recording facilities are provided at all Connection Points on the Grid. This
chapter, therefore, deals with metering and recording requirements for
Participants and clarifies on their obligations relating to such installations. It
also sets the minimum technical, design and operational criteria to be
complied with by Users relating to metering and data collection Equipment
and installations.
7.1.2 The provisions of this chapter are specifically applicable to issues relating to
the following:
(i) supply, installation, and maintenance of Metering Equipment (Main as
well as Check) and their testing and calibration;
(ii) collection, storage, and communication of metering data; and
(iii) competencies and standards of performance of Participants relating to
metering.
7.2 Objective
The objective is to set out the responsibilities of the Participants relating to

measuring and recording of Active and Reactive Power flows and Energy
imports into or exports out of the Grid and also to specify the terms and
conditions that will govern the metering and recording Equipment and
systems employed for the above purpose.
7.3 Metering Responsibility
7.3.1 The TSP shall be responsible for managing and collecting metering
information and shall ensure that all points identified as Metering Points in the
relevant Connection Agreement have proper metering facilities.
7.3.2 The User shall be responsible to provide Meters and the associated
Equipment and facilities at the Connection Point and offer these for installing
and sealing by the TSP along with proofs of certification in respect of Meters
and the CTs and VTs by an accredited laboratory as set out in (7.3.4) below.

7.3.3 The User shall also be responsible to demonstrate that its Metering
Equipment meets all the technical requirements and standards set forth in this
chapter.
7.3.4 Prior to making them available to the TSP for installing and sealing, the Users
shall submit the Meters for certification to an independent laboratory
accredited for such purposes by the Regulator.
7.3.5 The TSP shall ensure that installation, Commissioning, maintenance,
auditing, and testing of Metering Equipment and allied systems are done in
accordance with the standards as specified in the relevant Connection
Agreement.
7.3.6 Notwithstanding (7.3.2 to 7.3.4) above, once installed, all Main Meters shall
be owned and operated by the TSP.
7.3.7 The User shall also provide to the TSP all the information that the TSP will
reasonably require to perform its metering duties properly.
7.4 Metering Equipment
The Metering Equipment at the Connection Point shall consist of:
(i) Meters;
(ii) Instrument Transformers;
(iii) Lightning Protection; and
(iv) All other interconnecting electric/telecommunication cables, wires, and
associated devices, etc.
7.5 Metering Point
7.5.1 The Metering Point shall be at the Connection Point on the Transmission
System, as specified in the relevant Connection Agreement.
7.5.2 The Actual Metering Point may differ from the Connection Point, if agreed by
the TSP and the User. The accuracy requirements of the Metering Code then
shall apply to the Actual Metering Point.
7.5.3 Where the Actual Metering Point and the Connection Point do not coincide,
then, where necessary, compensation for Power transformer and/or line
losses shall be provided. The compensation may be applied locally within the
Metering Equipment or remotely. In both cases, however, compensation
factors and the justification for them must be recorded.

7.6 Metering Parameters
7.6.1 Energy and Demand metering for both Active and Reactive Power shall be
required at every Metering Point.
7.6.2 The Meters shall have the capability to separately record the flow of Active
and Reactive Power and import and export of Energy at each Connection
Point on the Grid.
7.6.3 The Meters shall have the capability to measure Power flows in all the
quadrants in which such flow is possible.
7.6.4 The Meters shall be configured to record/store peak demand data in quarter-
hourly integration periods.
7.7 Metering Data Storage and Availability
7.7.1 The TSP shall create, maintain and administer a metering database
containing the following information:
(i) name and unique identifier of the Metering Installation;
(ii) date of installation;
(iii) the date of Commissioning of the installation and Commissioning
documents;
(iv) the connecting parties at the Metering Installation;
(v) date of Energization;
(vi) Fault, repair, and maintenance history for each Metering Installation;
(vii) telephone numbers used to retrieve information from the Metering
Installation;
(viii) type of the Meter at the Metering Installation; and
(ix) calibration certificates for all the Metering Equipment.
7.7.2 Data storage facilities for metering data shall be provided as follows:
(i) a storage capacity of ninety-six (96) periods per day for a minimum of
thirty (30) days for all Demand Values;
(ii) the stored Demand Values shall be integer values of kW or kvar and
have a resolution of at least 0.1% (at full load);
(iii) the accuracy of the Energy values derived from Demand Values shall
be within ±0.1% (at full load) of the amount of Energy measured by
the associated Meter;

(iv) the value of any Energy measured in a Demand Period but not stored
in that Demand Period shall be carried forward to the next Demand
Period;
(v) in the event of a Metering Equipment Power supply failure, the
Metering Equipment shall protect all data stored up to the time of the
failure, and maintain the time accuracy in accordance with (7.11);
(vi) to cater for continuous supply failures, the clock, calendar and all data
shall be supported for a period of fifteen (15) days without an external
supply connected;
(vii) any "read" operation shall not delete or alter any stored metered data;
and
(viii) Upon request by the data collection system, the Metering Equipment
shall provide any portion of the stored data.
7.7.3 The TSP shall be the owner of all the metering data and shall keep these data
for at least five (5) years for audit trail purposes.
7.7.4 The TSP shall maintain in duplicate a continuous log on which shall be
recorded at the end of every billing period the readings of all the Meters and
instruments pertaining to delivery of, and billing for, Demand and Energy
supplied by the TSP or taken by it. Such logs shall also show a brief
statement giving complete facts of Interruption or other unusual Events
affecting the service. The TSP shall deliver one set of the said duplicates
each month to the User, upon request.
7.7.5 User’s metered data shall be considered strictly confidential and shall not be
disclosed to anyone, except to that User or the Regulator.
7.7.6 The TSP shall provide a User direct access to its Meter pulse data, if required
by the User. However, this access will be restricted to Check Meter data only
and will be in the same format that the Main Meter supplies to the TSP Meter
reading process. Any cost incurred by the TSP for this purpose shall be borne
in full by the relevant User.
7.7.7 All the Metering Systems shall have the capability of electronic data transfer.
However, during the transition period, on-Site meter reading and reporting
may be needed.
7.7.8 If on-Site meter reading is necessary, it shall be witnessed by authorized
representatives of all concerned parties.
7.7.9 The TSP shall connect a telecommunications medium to the meter/recorder
that will allow for remote downloading of metering data.

7.7.10 The TSP shall be enabled to remotely interrogate a Meter or recorder on a

daily basis or as mutually agreed with a User.
7.7.11 Meters shall be visible and accessible, but the access to such meters shall be
authorized only by the TSP.
7.7.12 The metering data retrieval by remote link, or by on-Site method in the case
of a persistent telecommunication problem, shall be a secure process
whereby Meters or recorders are directly interrogated to retrieve billing
information from their memories.
7.7.13 The TSP shall be responsible for the validation and substitution of metering
data.
7.7.14 In principle, Check metering data, where available, shall be used to validate
metering data provided that Check Metering Equipment accuracy conforms to
the standards of this section.
7.8 Metering Equipment Standards
7.8.1 All Metering Equipment shall comply with the provisions set out in this
Metering Code. These provisions may be revised from time to time in
consultation with the Regulator to take account of changing technologies or
the requirements of the industry.
7.8.2 The Metering Equipment shall be accurate within the prescribed limits for
such Metering Equipment referred to in the relevant Connection Agreement or
set out in the Metering Code.
7.8.3 The accuracy of the various items of Metering Equipment shall conform to the
relevant IEC standards (or their equivalent Saudi national standards).
7.8.4 The Meters shall be calibrated by an independent calibrating agency
accredited by the Regulator for this purpose. The User shall provide
calibration certificate with expiry date of calibration.
7.8.5 Voltage Transformers (VTs)
(i) The Voltage Transformers shall comprise three (3) units for a three-
phase set, each of which complies with IEC Standard 60044-2:
Instrument Transformers — Part 2: Inductive Voltage Transformers (or
its equivalent ANSI/IEEE/Saudi national/TSP standard) for metering,
and shall be of the 0.2 accuracy class. These Voltage Transformers
shall be connected in the configuration as agreed in the relevant
Connection Agreement.

(ii) The voltage drop in each phase of the Voltage Transformer

connections of the same accuracy and class shall not exceed 0.2 V. It
shall be connected only to a Main Meter with a burden that shall not
affect the accuracy of measurement.
7.8.6 Current Transformers (CTs)
(i) The Current Transformers shall comprise three (3) units for a three-
phase set, each of which complies with the IEC Standard 60044-1:
Instrument Transformers — Part 1: Current Transformers (or its
equivalent ANSI/IEEE/Saudi national/TSP standard) for metering, and
shall be of 0.2 accuracy class. It is preferred that two (2) Current
Transformer cores with corresponding number of secondary coils per
phase be provided between the connection box and the terminal of the
metering element on the Meter so that the Current Transformer
connections for checking Meter pulses can be completely separated
from those provided for the Meters.
(ii) The Current Transformer’s rated secondary current shall be either 1 or
5 amperes. The neutral conductor shall be effectively Grounded at a
single point and shall be connected only to a Main Meter with a
burden that shall not affect the accuracy of measurement.
7.8.7 Meters
(i) Meters shall be of the three-element type independent for each phase,
rated for the required Site, comply with IEC Standard 62052-11:
Electricity Metering Equipment (AC) — General requirements, tests,
and testing conditions or IEC Standard 62053-21: Electricity Metering
Equipment (AC) — Particular requirements (or their equivalent
ANSI/IEEE/Saudi national/TSP standards), for static watt-hour meter
and other types of Meters, and shall be of the accuracy class of 0.2 or
equivalent. The Meters shall measure and locally display at least the
kW, kWh, kvar, kvarh, and cumulative Demand, with additional
features such as time-of-use, maintenance records, Power Quality
monitoring, and pulse output. The pulse output for remote metering
must be for all the major measurement features.
(ii) The Meters may be digital or analogue as per the agreement between
the TSP and the User.

(iii) A cumulative record of the parameters measured shall be available on

the Meter. Bi-directional Meters shall have two such records available.
If combined Active Energy and Reactive Energy Meters are provided,
then a separate record shall be provided for each measured quantity
and direction. The loss of auxiliary supply to the Meter shall not erase
these records.
(iv) Data storage shall be provided internally or externally to the Meter by
way of a data logger which shall provide an output per measured
quantity.
7.9 Testing and Inspection of Metering Installations
7.9.1 All Meters, CTs and VTs, shall be tested for accuracy at initial
Commissioning. Tests shall also be carried out thereafter at intervals not less
frequently than every twelve (12) months for Main Meters and not less than
six (6) years for CTs and VTs, or as specified in the relevant Connection
Agreement to verify that their operation is within the prescribed limits of error.
7.9.2 Test terminals shall be provided for Main and Check Meters to facilitate on
site tests.
7.9.3 Meters shall be tested in service and should be tested out of service only if
the accuracy is suspected to be not within the limits.
7.9.4 A User may request a test and shall bear the full cost of such testing if the
Meter is found to be not operating within the prescribed limits. Tests will be
organized such that all relevant parties are notified of the tests, and are
invited to witness them, if required. Test results will be made available to the
User involved.
7.9.5 Meters may also be tested by the TSP whenever the TSP notices or suspects
an error in metering.
7.9.6 In carrying out of tests on Main Meters, any interruption to measurement will
be taken account of and appropriately compensated. The testing
measurement will be taken by another Meter and will be appropriately
compensated.
7.9.7 Care shall be taken in carrying out tests to ensure that any Interruption to
measurement is avoided or minimized.
7.9.8 Certified test Equipment and reference standards (traceable to a recognized
national or international standard) shall be used in such tests and if, by

agreement, it is deemed necessary, an approved independent laboratory may

be employed.
7.9.9 Where a test indicates that an error exceeds the limits of error prescribed in
the applicable standards, then these errors shall be recorded before promptly
adjusting, repairing or renewing the Metering Equipment (or part thereof) or
replacing any defective components.
7.9.10 Pursuant to (7.9.9) above, the reading taken previously, and all charges
based therein, shall be corrected on the basis of this test for a period as set in
the applicable Connection Agreement.
7.9.11 The Metering Equipment shall be restored to service and proved to be
operating within the prescribed limits of accuracy as soon as is reasonably
practicable.
7.10 Main and Check Metering
7.10.1 For each Connection, Main and Check Metering shall be provided. Main and
Check Meters shall be from different manufacturers and shall operate from
separate CT and VT windings.
7.10.2 The provisions of this chapter shall apply equally to Main and Check Meters.
7.10.3 CT and VT windings and cables connecting such windings to Main Meters
shall be dedicated for such purposes and such cables and connections shall
be securely sealed.
7.10.4 The Main Meter, Check Meter and additional burdens shall have separately
fused VT supplies.
7.10.5 The loss of voltage to the Meters should give an alarm.
7.11 Timekeeping
7.11.1 All Metering Installation shall record time, based on Saudi Arabian Standard
Time.
7.11.2 The commencement of each Demand Period shall be within ±10 seconds of
the true time.
7.11.3 The duration of each Demand Period shall be accurate to within ± 0.1%
except where time synchronization has occurred in that period.

7.12 Metering Access and Sealing
7.12.1 Metering Equipment and associated communications Equipment shall be

located in a dedicated and secure cabinet located in an area readily
accessible, free from obstructions, and well-lit by artificial light(s).
7.12.2 The cabinet shall conform to the manufacturer’s stated environmental
conditions. These design measures shall at least include protection from
moisture and dust and from physical damage including vibration and provide
appropriate temperature control.
7.12.3 The cabinet shall be equipped with a lock and shall be clear-fronted and
sealed by the TSP. The control of this sealing shall conform to procedures as
laid down by the TSP from time to time. This seal can only be broken by or
with the consent of the TSP.
7.12.4 Internal access to Metering Equipment, enclosures, and the associated
communications equipment shall be in accordance with procedures specified
by the TSP.
7.12.5 The Users shall permit the TSP or its representatives, the rights to enter
upon, pass through, and remain upon any part of such User property to the
extent necessary for the purposes of performance under this Code. Users
shall make all reasonable arrangements and provisions to facilitate the TSP
or its representatives in exercising such rights.
7.12.6 The right of access provided pursuant to (7.12.5) above shall also include the
right to bring any vehicles, Plants, machinery and maintenance or other
materials as may be reasonably required by the TSP for the performance of
obligations under the Metering Code.
7.13 Repair and Maintenance of Metering Equipment
7.13.1 The Metering Equipment at the Connection Point shall be maintained by the
TSP at the witness of the User. All test results, Maintenance Programs, and
sealing records shall be kept for the life of the Metering Equipment, and for
five (5) years after the retirement of the Equipment. The Equipment data and
test records shall be made available to authorized parties.
7.13.2 The TSP shall repair the Metering System as soon as practical if a Metering
System malfunctions or requires maintenance. The TSP shall charge for the
metering services provided.

7.14 Approval, Certification, and Testing of Metering Equipment
7.14.1 The TSP has the responsibility for Meter type approval, Meter certification,
and Meter testing for compliance with the provisions of the Metering Code.
7.14.2 Meter Equipment used in accordance with this Code shall be approved types.
The TSP shall maintain this list and shall make it available to Users on
request.
7.14.3 All Metering Equipment shall be from a manufacturer pre-qualified by the
TSP.
7.14.4 The TSP shall maintain records for all Metering Equipment relating to their
calibration including the dates and results of any tests, readings, and
adjustments.
7.14.5 Such records shall also include any other details as may be required by the
TSP. Such records shall be complete and accurate and retained for the life of
the relevant item.
7.14.6 The TSP shall make arrangements to seal all Metering Equipment, data
collection equipment, and associated modems and telephone links.
7.14.7 All new Metering Equipment shall be required to undergo relevant certification
tests which shall be performed in accordance with the relevant
international/Saudi national standards.
7.14.8 Meter Certificates shall be issued for a specified life span. The Meter
Certificate duration may differ for different Meter types and may change from
time to time.
7.14.9 Following certification, a certification seal will be applied. This seal must be
maintained intact in order for the Meter to retain certified status.
7.14.10 Meters removed from service must be re-certified before reconnection for
use.
7.15 Meter Reconciliation
7.15.1 The TSP shall make arrangement to remotely read the cumulative energy
values every month for checking purposes.
7.15.2 If cumulative energy values are not available remotely, then the TSP will take
manual readings each month for the above purposes.
7.15.3 Within three (3) weeks of the manual Meter reading, the TSP shall prepare a
Meter Reconciliation Statement in which it will record the difference between
the two successive manual Meter readings and compare it with the total
energy recorded for the same time period.

7.15.4 If any difference between the manual reading and electronically recorded
reading of more that 0.1 percent is noticed, it shall be highlighted and referred
to for further checking.
7.15.5 If as a result of the above check, the discrepancy is confirmed, then the TSP
will inform the relevant User and take appropriate action to deal with the
situation in accordance with the provisions of the Commercial/Market Code
(to be developed by the TSP in due course).

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Glossary and Definitions
GLOSSARY AND DEFINITIONS
Active Energy The integral of the Active Power with respect to time,
measured in watt hour (Wh) or multiples thereof.
Unless otherwise qualified, the term “Energy” refers
to Active Energy
Active Power The time average of the instantaneous power over

one period of the electrical wave, measured in watts
(W) or multiples thereof.
Actual Metering Point Actual location of the Metering Point on the

Adequacy (in relation to The ability of the electric system to supply the
Reliability) aggregate electrical Demand and Energy
requirements of the customers at all times, taking
into account scheduled and reasonably expected
unscheduled Outages of System elements.
Affected User A User who provides evidence to the TSP and in the
opinion of the TSP the evidence proves the User’s
sufficient interest in the matter.
Amber Alert An alert issued by the TSP to the Users when a

single Event would give rise to a reasonable
possibility of failure to meet the System Demand, or
of frequency or voltage departing significantly from
normal, or if multiple Events are probable due to
prevailing weather conditions.
Annual Maximum The conditions that lead to Maximum Demand on the

Demand Conditions Transmission System in the year.
Operations Report An annual Report summarizing the occurrences of

operation on the User or Transmission System.
Apparatus Means all Equipment, in which electrical conductors

are used, supported, or of which they may form a
part. In the Grid Code it means (Extra) High Voltage
electrical circuits forming part of a System on which
Safety Precautions may be applied to allow work
and/or testing to be carried out on a System.
Apparent Power Power that appears to be present when the voltage

and current in the circuit are measured separately. It
is measured in volt amperes (VA)

Authority for Access An authority which grants the holder the right to un-
accompanied access to a Site containing (E)HV
conductors.
Automatic Load The process of automatically and deliberately

Dropping removing pre-selected loads from a Power System in
response to an abnormal condition in order to
maintain the integrity of the System.
Automatic Voltage A continuously acting automatic Excitation control

Regulator (AVR) system to control the voltage of a Generating Unit
measured at the Generating Unit terminals.
Availability The long-term average fraction of time that a

component or system is in service and satisfactorily
performing its intended function. Also, the steady-
state probability that a component or system is in
service.
Availability Notice A submission by a Generator in respect of each of its

Generating Units to the TSP pursuant to the
provisions of Scheduling and Dispatch Code stating
whether or not such Units are available for
Generation.
Average Conditions That combination of weather elements within a

period of time which is the average of the observed
values of those weather elements during equivalent
periods over many years.
Backup Reserve Refers to a Generating Unit that has Fast Start

Capability and can Synchronize with the Grid to
provide its Declared Capacity for a minimum period
as specified by the TSP.
Black Start The process of recovery from Total System Blackout

using a Generating Unit with the capability to start
and Synchronize with the System without an external
Power supply.
Black Start Test A Test carried out by a Generator with a Black Start
Unit, on the instructions of the TSP, to demonstrate
that the Unit has the contracted Black Start
capability.
Black Start Unit/Station A Generating Unit/Station having Black Start

capability.
Blue Alert An alert issued by the TSP to notify that either a

Partial or a Total Shutdown of the System has taken
place.

Busbar An electrical conduit at facilities where lines,

transformers and other Equipment are connected.
Business Day Any day on which banks are open for business.
Capacity The rated continuous load-carrying capability of

Generation, Transmission, or other electrical
Equipment, expressed in megawatts (MW) or
megavolt-amperes (MVA).
Check Meter The Meter designated to provide measurements at a

metering point for verification or substitution
purposes.
Coincident Peak The sum of two or more peaks that occur in the
same demand period.
Commissioning A process to ensure that all Equipment, Protection

Schemes, and other systems relating to the User
Development are correctly functioning.
Commissioning Any report(s) that are prepared to document the

Report(s) process and results of the Commissioning activity.
Commissioning Tests Commissioning Tests is one of the final activities

under project implementation which is carried out to
test and commission all Equipment, Protection
Schemes and other systems to verify the correct
functioning of the User Development.
Committed Outage The Outage Program that the TSP shall prepare for
Program (for Generation the period up to end of Year 1.
Outages)
Committed Outage The Outage Program that the TSP shall prepare for
Program (for the period up to end of Year 0.
Transmission Outages)
Committed Project The data for a User Development once an Offer for a
Planning Data Connection Agreement or an amended Connection
Agreement has been accepted by the User.
Completion Date The date, specified in the Connection Agreement or

amended Connection Agreement, when the User
Development is scheduled to be completed and is
ready for Connection to the Grid.
Connection Means the installation of Connection Assets in such

a way that, subject to Energization, the User may
import and/or export electricity to and/or from the
Transmission System at the Connection Point and
“Connected” shall be construed accordingly.

Connection Asset The electric Power lines and electrical Equipment

used to effect a connection of a User's System to the
Connection Agreement An agreement between a User and the TSP, which

specifies the terms and conditions pertaining to the
Connection of the User System or Equipment to a
new Connection Point in the Grid.
Connection Date The date on which the Commissioning Tests have to

properly completed to the satisfaction of the TSP in
respect of every part of the User's System, following
which the TSP shall, as soon as reasonably
practicable, notify the User to that effect, specifying
the date of completion of such implementation.
Connection Point The electrical point of connection where the assets

of a User (Generator, Distribution Entity, or Directly-
connected Customer) are physically connected to
the system of the TSP. The TSP shall own, operate,
and maintain all the facilities up to and including
those at this Point. The User shall own, operate, and
maintain all the facilities beyond this Point.
Connection Site The site at which the Plant and Apparatus of the
User at the User's side of the Connection Point is to
be installed including the land, spaces, roads and
any surfaces.
Contingency Plans The plans prepared to deal with any contingencies

on the Transmission System.
Contingency Reserve It is the margin of available Generation Capacity over

forecast Demand, which is required in the period
from 24 hours ahead down to real time, to cover
against uncertainties in Availability of Generation
Capacity and also against weather forecast and
Demand Forecast errors.
Control Action An action, such as switching, whereby the

Transmission System is operated.
Control Center A location used for the purpose of monitoring,

controlling, and operating of the Generator's Plant
and Apparatus.
Control Engineer The designated person of the TSP responsible for

directing and controlling the operation of
Control Phase The Control Phase follows on from the Programming

Phase and covers the period down to real time.

Critical Loading Refers to the condition when the loading of

transmission lines or substation Equipment is
between 90 percent and 100 percent of the
continuous rating.
Current Transformer (CT) Device that reduces or scales down the actual
system current to proportional values of a few
amperes for use by a Protection System or Meter.
Data Acquisition System A device provided to record the sequence of

operation in time, of the relays/ Equipments/system
parameters at a location.
Declaration A notice prepared by the Generator in respect of its

Generating Units and submitted to the TSP pursuant
to the provisions of Scheduling and Dispatch Code
and setting out the values relating to Availability,
System Services capabilities, Operating
Characteristics. The term “Declared” shall be
construed accordingly.
Declared Data The data provided by the Generator pursuant to the

provisions of Scheduling and Dispatch Code in
accordance with the latest/current Generating Unit
parameters.
De-energize/De- The act reverse of Energize/Energization.

energization
Default Default shall mean the failure of a Participant to

discharge its obligations in accordance with the
provisions of the Grid Code.
Demand The demand of MW and Mvar of electricity (i.e. both

Active and Reactive Power), unless otherwise
stated.
Demand Control The reduction in Demand for the control of the

frequency when the Grid is in an Emergency state.
This includes Automatic Load Dropping, Manual
Load Dropping, and Demand Reduction upon
instruction by the TSP, Demand Disconnection
managed by Users, and Voluntary Load Curtailment.
Demand Forecast The projections of Power and Active Energy

requirements relating to a Connection Point in the
Demand Period A legal obligation of certain duration.
Demand Value The value of the parameters requested by User or

TSP.

Derogation An order by the Regulator relieving a particular

Participant from that Participant’s obligation to
comply with the Grid Code in specified
circumstances and to a specified extent.
De-Synchronize The process of taking a Generating Unit and/or

interconnected AC Systems off the Transmission
System when they were previously Synchronized
with it. The term de-synchronized, de-synchronizing,
and the like shall be construed accordingly.
Detailed Planning Data The data that the TSP may require from any User in
support of the Standard Planning Data.
Directly-connected Any User directly connected to the Transmission

Customers System, other than the Generator or Distribution
Entities.
Disconnection The opening of an electrical circuit to isolate an

electrical System or Equipment from a Power
source.
Disconnector/Disconnect A switch that is used for closing, opening, or

Switch changing the connections in a circuit or system or for
purposes of Isolation.
Dispatch The process used by the TSP to apportion the total

Demand of the Grid through the issuance of
Dispatch Instructions to Generators, Distribution
Entities, and Directly-connected Customers in
accordance with the provisions of Chapter 5:
Scheduling and Dispatch Code to achieve the
operational requirements of balancing Demand with
supply that will ensure the Security of the Grid.
Dispatch Instruction Refers to the instruction issued by the TSP to the

Generators, Distribution Entities, Directly-connected
Customers, Scheduled Generating Units and/or the
Generators whose Generating Units will provide
System Services to implement the final Generation
Schedule in real time.
Dispatch Parameters The electrical parameters incorporated in the

Dispatch Instruction.
Dispatched Output The net Energy delivered to the Transmission

System by a Generator at the Connection Point
(gross Generated energy minus auxiliary
consumption).
Distribution Entity Entity that own, operate, and distribute electricity

through a Distribution System.

Distribution System The system of wires and associated facilities

belonging to a franchised Distribution Entity,
extending between the delivery points on the
Connection Point to the premises of the end users of
electricity. Also, it is an electricity network consisting
of assets operated at a nominal voltage of 69 kV or
less.
Disturbance Recorder A device provided to record the behavior of the pre-

selected digital and analog values of the system
parameters during an Event.
Electric Utility Industry Means all the stakeholders responsible for the
Generation, Transmission, Distribution, and use of
electricity.
Electrical Diagram A schematic representation, using standard electrical

symbols, which shows the connection of Equipment
or Power System components to each other or to
external circuits.
Electricity Law The “Electricity Law” of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Embedded/Captive A Generating Unit/Station that is connected to a

Generating Unit/Station Distribution System or the System of any User and
has no direct Connection to the Transmission
System.
Emergency A Partial Shutdown or Total Shutdown or any other

physical or operational condition and/or occurrence
on the System which, in TSP’s opinion, is (i)
imminently likely to endanger or is endangering life
or property; or (ii) is imminently likely to impair or is
impairing: (a) TSP's ability to discharge any
statutory, regulatory or other legal obligation and/or
(b) the Safety and/or Reliability of the Power System.
Emergency Plans TSP's plans to deal with Emergency situations or

Events.
Energize/Energization The act of operation of switching Equipment or the

Start-up of a Generating Unit, which results in there
being a non-zero voltage beyond a Connection Point
or part of the System.
Energy Unless otherwise qualified, refers to the Active

Energy.
Equipment All Apparatus, machines, conductors, etc., used as

part of, or in connection with, an electrical
installation.

Equipment Identification The System of numbering or nomenclature for the

identification of Equipment at the Connection Points
in the Grid.
Estimated Equipment It shall contain the User’s best estimate of the values
Data of parameters and information pertaining to its
Equipment and Apparatus and which on Connection
become fixed (subject to any subsequent change).
Event An unscheduled or unplanned occurrence or an

abrupt change or disturbance in a Power System
due to Fault, Equipment Outage, or adverse weather
condition.
Event Logger A device provided to record the sequence of

operation in time, of the relays/ Equipments at a
location during an Event.
Excitation (System), The Equipment providing the field current of a

Exciter Generating Unit, including all regulating and control
elements, as well as field discharge or suppression
Equipment and protective devices.
Extra High Voltage EHV A voltage level exceeding 230 kV.
Fast Start Capability The Capability of a Generating Unit to Start-up and

Synchronize with the Grid within 15 minutes.
Fault Physical condition that causes a device, component,

or element to fail to perform in a required manner.
Flexible Planned Outage A Planned Outage which can be, at the request of
the TSP, deferred or advanced by a certain period.
Flicker Severity (Long A value derived from 12 successive measurements

Term) or Plt of Flicker Severity (Short Term) (over a two hour
period) and a calculation of the cube root of the
mean sum of the cubes of 12 individual
measurements.
Flicker Severity (Short- A measure of the visual severity of flicker derived

term) or Pst from the time series output of a flicker meter over a
10 minute period and as such provides an indication
of the risk of User complaints.

Force Majeure Force Majeure shall mean any act of God, labor
disturbance, act of the public enemy, war,
insurrection, riot, fire, storm or flood, explosion,
breakage or accident to machinery or Equipment,
any order, regulation or restriction imposed by
governmental, military or lawfully established civilian
authorities, or any other cause beyond a party’s
control. A Force Majeure event does not include an
act of negligence or intentional wrongdoing.
Forced Outage An Outage of a Generating Unit or a Transmission

facility due to a Fault or other reasons which has not
been planned, also it results from emergency
conditions directly associated with a component,
requiring that it be taken out of service immediately,
either automatically or as soon as switching
operations can be performed.
Forecast Data Those items of the Standard Planning Data and

Detailed Planning Data which will always be
forecast.
Frequency Control The retention of the frequency on the Transmission

System within acceptable limits.
Frequency Regulation The automatic adjustment of Active Power output by

a Generating Unit, initiated by free Speed Governor
System action in response to continuous minor
fluctuations of frequency on the Transmission
System.
Frequency Sensitive A Generating Unit operating mode which will result in

Mode Active Power output changing, in response to a
change in System frequency, in a direction which
assists in the recovery to target frequency.
Generating Station An installation comprising one or more Generating

Units (even where sited separately) owned and/or
controlled by the same Generator, which may
reasonably be considered as being managed as one
generating station.
Generating Unit An electrical generating unit coupled to a turbine

within a Generating Station together with all Plant
and Apparatus at that Station (up to the Connection
Point) which relates exclusively to the operation of
that generating unit.
Generating Unit/Station A daily or weekly statement of Generating Plant in

Schedules response to change in Availability

Generation The process of producing electric Energy from other

forms of energy; also, the amount of electric Energy
produced, usually expressed in kilo watt hours (kWh)
or mega watt hours (MWh).
Generation Planning The parameters involved in the planning of

Parameters Generation.
Generation Schedule A statement prepared and issued by the TSP

pursuant to Scheduling and Disptach Code on a
daily or more frequent basis setting out which
Generating Units will be required during the
Scheduled Day to meet demand, ensure
Transmission System integrity, and have available
sufficient Operating Reserve to satisfy any normal
and abnormal requirements.
Generator A legal entity licensed to engage in the production of

electricity through a Generating Unit or Generating
Station.
Generator Performance A diagram which shows the MW and Mvar capability

Chart limits within which a Generating Unit will be expected
to operate under steady state conditions.
Good Industry Practices Any of the practices, methods, and acts engaged in
or approved by a significant portion of the Electric
Utility Industry during the relevant time period which
could have been expected to accomplish the desired
results at a reasonable cost consistent with good
business practices, reliably, safely and with
expedition.
Government The Government of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Governor Deadband The total magnitude of the change in steady state

speed (expressed as a range of ± Hz) within which
there is no change in the position of the governing
valves of the Speed Governor System.
Governor Droop The percentage drop in the frequency of a

Generating Unit that occurs when its output is
increased from zero to its full load.
Grid The High Voltage and Extra High Voltage backbone

system consisting of interconnected transmission
lines, Substations, and related facilities for the
purpose of transporting of bulk Power and Energy.
Also termed as the Transmission System.
Grid Code The Saudi Arabian Grid Code.

Grid Code Supervisory The Committee constituted to supervise the

Committee (GCSC) functioning of the Grid Code and its modification, if
required.
Ground Fault Factor The ratio of the highest RMS phase-to-ground Power
frequency voltage on a sound phase, at a selected
location, during a Fault to Ground affecting one or
more phases, to the RMS phase-to-ground Power
frequency voltage that would be obtained at the
selected location with the Fault removed.
Grounding A conducting connection by which an electrical

circuit or Equipment is connected to earth or to some
conducting body of relatively large extent that serves
as ground.
Harmonics Electric current or voltage that alternates at a

frequency other than, and usually an integer multiple
of, the fundamental frequency.
High Voltage (HV) A voltage level exceeding 69 kV up to 230 kV.
House Load Operation The operation of a Generating Unit which is isolated

from the Grid and is providing power supply only to
the station load.
Implementing Party The party as defined in the Operating Code

responsible for implementing the Safety Precautions.
Incident (Notice) An unscheduled or unplanned occurrence on, or

relating to, a System including, Faults, Events and
breakdowns and adverse weather conditions being
experienced. (A notice regarding the above incident).
Indicative Generating A notice/indication issued by the TSP to Generator

Unit Synchronizing showing the Synchronization time of the Generating
Units.
Indicative Outage An Outage Program for the Generating Units

Program (for Generation prepared by the TSP pursuant to Outage Planning
Outages) section of Chapter 4: Operating Code, and covering
years 4 and 5 ahead of the current year.
Indicative Outage An Outage Program for the Transmission System

Program (for Outages prepared by the TSP pursuant to Outage
Transmission Outages) Planning section of Chapter 4: Operating Code, and
covering years 2 and 3 ahead of the current year.
Inflexible Planned A Planned Outage the start date and start time of
Outage which cannot be moved by TSP under Operating
Code.

Instrument Transformer A transformer that is intended to reproduce, in its

secondary circuit, a voltage or current proportional to
that of its primary circuit, with its phase relations
substantially preserved. These transformers are
utilized to provide indication for measuring, control,
or protective devices.
Interruptible Load A load which is available to be disconnected, either

manually or automatically, for restoration or control
of the Power System frequency by the TSP to cater
for contingency events or shortage of supply.
Interruption The loss of service to a User or a group of Users or

other facilities. An Interruption is the result of one or
more component Outages.
Isolation The complete electrical separation of a part or

component from the rest of the electrical system to
ensure Safety when that part or component is to be
maintained or when electric service is not required.
License Refers to a license granted or deemed to be granted

by the Electricity and Co-Generation Regulatory
Authority of Saudi Arabia.
Load Break Switch A switch that is capable of interrupting only normal

load currents.
Load Curtailment The Load Reduction obtained from Users who are
able and willing to curtail their usage of Power.
These loads are to be curtailed within one hour of
the instruction being issued by the TSP.
Load Reduction The condition in which a Scheduled Generating Unit,

Distribution Entity, or Directly-connected Customer
reduces electrical Power to the System to which it is
Synchronized/Connected.
Local Safety Instructions A set of instructions regarding the Safety

Precautions on HV or EHV Equipment to ensure the
Safety of personnel carrying out work or testing on
the Transmission System or the User System.
Low Voltage A voltage level not exceeding 1,000 volts.
Main Meter The Meter designated at a metering point to provide

measurements at a metering point.
Maintenance Program A set of schedules, which are coordinated by the

TSP, specifying planned maintenance for Equipment
in the Transmission System or in any User System.

Manual Load Dropping The process of manually and deliberately removing

pre-selected loads from the Transmission System, in
response to an abnormal condition, and in order to
maintain the integrity of the System.
Material Effect A condition that has resulted or is expected to result

in problems involving Power Quality, System
Reliability, System Loss, Safety, or Stability. Such
condition may require extensive work, modification,
or replacement of Equipment in the Transmission
System or the User System.
Maximum Demand The maximum hourly integrated Energy consumption

measured at the point of supply to a customer for a
particular year.
Meter A device for measuring or recording electrical Power,

Energy, and related quantities at a metering point.
Meter Certificate A certificate issued by the TSP certifying that the

Meters and Metering Equipment at the Metering
Point comply with the Metering Code requirements.
Meter Reconciliation A statement that provides comparison of the

Statement cumulative Energy recorded in the Meter register
with the total Energy derived from the Demand
values recorded remotely.
Metering Meters, time switches, Instrument Transformers,

Equipment/System/ metering Protection and Isolation Equipment,
Installation circuitry and their associated data storage and data
communications equipment and wiring which are
part of the Active Energy and Reactive Energy
measuring or recording scheme at or related to a
Site.
Metering Point The point of physical connection of the Meter to

measure/record the flow of electricity and related
quantities.
Minimum Demand The margin of Active Power to provide a sufficient

Regulation regulating margin for Frequency Control.
Minimum Generation The minimum output in MW which a Generating Unit

can generate, as registered with the TSP under the
Scheduling and Dispatch Code.
Minimum Stable Loading The minimum Demand that a Generating Unit can
safely maintain for an indefinite period of time.

Negative Minimum The margin of Active Power to provide a sufficient

Demand Regulation regulating margin for Frequency Control.
(NMDR)
Negative Primary Automatic decrease in Active Power output of a

Response Generating Unit in response to a System frequency
rise.
Net Declared Capability The maximum Active Power, expressed in whole

MW, and modified for ambient limitations, that a
Generating Unit can sustain less the auxiliary load,
as declared by the Generator in accordance with its
Operating Characteristics.
Net Dependable Power The Capacity of a Generating Unit as notified to the

Capacity TSP less the MW consumed by the Generating Unit
through the Generator Unit transformer (the resultant
expressed as a whole number of MW).
Nominations A notice by the Generator in respect of a Generation

Unit submitted to the TSP in accordance with the
requirements of Scheduling and Dispatch Code.
Notice Any formal intimation issued by the TSP to a User

relating to any provision of the Grid Code.
Notice to Synchronize The notice given by the TSP to a Generator requiring

a Generating Unit to Synchronize with the Grid.
Notification of A notice issues by the TSP to Generators and

Inadequate Operating Distribution Entities after 10:00 hours on any day
Margin (NIOM) pursuant to the provisions of the Scheduling and
Dispatch Code in anticipation of insufficient
Operating Margin in relation to the following
Scheduled Day.
Offer of Connection A quotation letter together with the unsigned

Connection Agreement which forms the TSP’s Offer
for Connection for the User Facility to the
Transmission System as the result of an application
for Connection of the Facility.
Operating The technical capabilities, flexibilities and limitations

Characteristics for the operation of a Generating Unit as registered
or declared in accordance with the provisions of the
Grid Code.
Operating Margin The margin of Generation over the total Demand

plus losses that is necessary for ensuring Quality of
supply and Security of the Grid. Operating Margin is
the sum of the Operating Reserve and the
Contingency Reserve.

Operating Reserve It is the additional MW output provided by

Generating Unit/Station, or reduction in Customer
Demand, which must be realizable in real time to
contain and correct any potential Transmission
System frequency deviation to an acceptable level.
Operation A scheduled or planned action relating to the

operation of a System.
Operation Diagram Diagrams which are a schematic representation of

the HV and/or EHV Apparatus and the connections
to all external circuits at a Connection Site,
incorporating proper identification and labeling.
Operational Data Data required under the Operating Code and/or

Scheduling and Dispatch Code.
Operational Date The date on which a User Connection is actually

Energized by the TSP.
Operational Effect Any effect on the operation of a System which

causes the Systems of the TSP or other Users to
operate differently to the way in which they would
have normally operated in the absence of that effect.
Operational Planning The Operational Planning forecast for the Generating

Phase Units Outages from 1 week to 5 years ahead of the
real- time operation.
Operational Tests Tests carried out by the TSP in order to maintain and
develop operational procedures, to train staff and to
acquire information in respect of Transmission
System behavior under abnormal System conditions,
and also tests carried out by other Users for similar
purposes in respect of their Plant and/or Apparatus.
Outage The state of a component or system when it is not

available to perform its intended function due to
some event directly associated with that component
or system. An Outage may or may not cause an
Interruption of service to Users.
Partial Shutdown The situation existing when all Generation has

ceased in part of the Power System and there is no
electricity supply from external interconnection or
any other part of the System.
Participant A legal entity registered with or licensed by the

Regulator in terms of the Electricity Law, as provider
or User of Transmission services.

Planned Outage An Outage of Equipment that is requested,

negotiated, scheduled and confirmed a minimum of
14(28 for Generators) days prior to the maintenance
or repairs taking place.
Plant Includes all Equipment (fixed or movable), other than

Apparatus, involved in the generating, transmitting,
distributing, and utilizing of electrical Energy.
Post Control Phase The period following real time operation.
Power Refer to Active Power
Power Factor The ratio of Active Power to Apparent Power.
Power Purchase (Supply) The agreement setting out the parameters and terms
Agreement and condition of purchase (supply) of Power from
(to) any source through legal contract.
Power System Any power system owned or operated by a

User/TSP consisting of Generating Units,
Transmission System/ Distribution Systems, or any
other electric lines, Plant and Apparatus.
Power System A control device placed on a Generating Unit and

Stabilizers (PSS) used in conjunction with an AVR to provide
additional control of oscillations.
Preliminary Project The data relating to a proposed User Development

Planning Data at the time the User applies for a Connection
Agreement or an Amended Connection Agreement.
Primary Frequency The automatic increase (decrease) in Active Power

Control in response to a System frequency fall (rise).
Primary Response The automatic response of a Generating Unit to

frequency changes, released increasingly from zero
to five seconds from the time of frequency change,
and which is fully available for the next 5 seconds.
Primary Response Test A test to verify that the Primary Response of a

Generating Unit in MW/Hz is within ± five (5) percent
of the required level of response within five (5)
seconds.
Programming Phase The period between Operational Planning Phase and

the Control Phase. It starts 8 weeks ahead of real
time and finishes with the issue of the Generation
Schedule for the day ahead.

Project Planning Data The data that the TSP will require from Users
applying for a new, or modification of an existing,
Connection. Project Planning Data will be further
classified into Preliminary Project Planning Data,
Committed Project Planning Data, or Registered
Project Planning Data.
Protection (Scheme or The means (scheme or system) including the

System) Apparatus used to detect, limit, and remove Faults
from the Power System.
Provisional Outage Forecast Outage Program for the Generating

Program (for Generation Units/Station prepared by TSP for the calendar year
Outages) 2 and 3.
Provisional Outage Forecast Outage Program for the Transmission

Program (for System Outages prepared by TSP for the calendar
Transmission Outages) year 1.
Quality (of With respect to electricity, technical attributes to a

supply/service) standard referred to in the Grid Code.
Ramp Rate The rate, expressed in megawatts per minute, at

which a Generating Unit can increase or decrease
its Power output.
Reactive Energy The integral of the Reactive Power with respect to

time, measured in varh or multiples thereof.
Reactive Power The product of voltage and current and the sine of
the phase angle between them measured in units of
volt-amperes reactive (var) and multiples thereof.
Reactive Power Support The production or absorption of Reactive Power from

Generators to maintain Transmission System voltage
within the specified limits.
Readiness to Connect A statement by a User, whose development is under

construction in accordance with a Connection
Agreement and who wishes to establish Connection
with the Transmission System, made to the TSP in
writing, stating readiness to connect and supplying
all the requisite information and documentation that
the TSP may need as per the Connection
Agreement.
Red Alert An alert issued by the TSP when the Contingency

Reserve is zero, a Generation deficiency exists, or
there is a Critical Loading or imminent overloading of
Transmission lines or Equipment.

Registered Capacity The Capacity registered with the TSP as a Standard

Planning or Detailed Planning Data requirement.
Registered Data Those items of Standard Planning Data and Detailed

Planning Data which upon connection become fixed.
Registered Fuel The fuel(s) registered under the Planning Code of

the Grid Code.
Registered Operating The values of a Generating Unit’s Operating

Characteristics Characteristics for operation of the Generating Unit
registered with the TSP pursuant to the Grid Code.
Registered Project The data submitted by a User to the TSP at the time
Planning Data of Connection of the User System to the Grid.
Regulator The Electricity and Co-Generation Regulatory

Authority of Saudi Arabia.
Regulatory Guidelines Guidelines issued by the Electricity and Co-

Generation Regulatory Authority of Saudi Arabia.
Reliability The degree of performance of the System that

results in electricity being delivered to customers
within accepted standards and in the amount
desired. Reliability can be addressed by considering
two basic and functional aspects of the System:
Adequacy and Security.
Requesting Party The party as defined in the Operating Code that

requests Safety Precaution.
Responsible Engineer A person nominated by a User to be responsible for

System control for its System.
Responsible Manager A manager who has been duly authorized by a User

or the TSP to sign Site Responsibility Schedules on
behalf of that User or the TSP.
Safety Safety from the hazards arising from the live

Equipment, Plant, or other facilities of the
Transmission System (or User System).
Safety Precautions Refers to the Isolation and Grounding of HV or EHV

Equipment when work or testing is to be done on, or
in close proximity to, the Transmission System or
User System at the Connection Point.

Safety Representative A person designated and authorized by the User or

the TSP to be responsible for the coordination of
Safety Precautions at the Connection Point for their
respective sides when work or testing is to be carried
out on a System which requires the provision of
Safety Precautions for HV or EHV Equipment.
Safety Rules The rules that seek to safeguard personnel working

on the Grid (or User System) from the hazards
arising from the Equipment or the Transmission
System (or User System).
Schedule Day The period from 0600 hours in the Schedule Day
until 0600 hours on the next following Day.
Scheduling (Process) A process to determine which Unit or Equipment will

be in operation and at what loading level.
Scheduling and Dispatch The parameter(s) listed in the Scheduling and

Parameter(s) Dispatch Code under the heading Scheduling
Parameters relating to Generating Units/Station.
Secondary Frequency The automatic response to frequency which is fully

Control available 30 seconds from the time of frequency
change to take over from the Primary Response, and
which is sustainable for at least 30 minutes.
Secondary Response Same as Secondary Frequency Control.
Secondary Operating It is the additional MW output (and/or reduction in

Reserve Demand) required compared to the pre-Incident
output (or Demand), which is fully available and
sustainable over the period from 15 to 90 seconds
following an Event.
Security The ability of the Grid to withstand sudden

disturbances such as electric short circuits or
unanticipated loss of system elements.
Short Term Planned Maintenance plan requested by the Generator at any

Maintenance time in year 0, by giving not less than 7 days notice
before earliest start date.
Shutdown The condition of the Equipment when it is De-

energized or Disconnected from the System.
Significant Incident An Event on the Transmission System, a Distribution

System, or the System of any User that has a
serious or widespread effect on the Grid, the
Distribution System, and/or the User System.

Significant Incident A report prepared after the occurrence of a

Report Significant Incident pursuant to section 4.5,
Operational Liaison, of Chapter 4: Operating Code.
Single Line Diagram Diagram which is a schematic representation of the

HV/EHV Apparatus and the connections to all
external circuits at a Connection Point incorporating
its numbering, nomenclature, and labeling.
Site Refers to a Substation or switchyard in the Grid or

the User System where the Connection Point is
situated.
Site Responsibility A schedule containing the information and prepared

Schedule on the basis of the provisions set out in the
Connection Code.
Special Action(s) The action(s), as defined in Chapter 5: Scheduling

and Dispatch Code, that the TSP may require a
Generator, Distribution Entity, or Directly-connected
Customer to take in order to maintain the integrity of
the Grid.
Speed Governor System A system which will result in Active Power output of a
Generating Unit changing, in response to a change
in System frequency, in a direction which assists in
the recovery to target frequency.
Stability The ability of the dynamic components of the Power

System to return to a normal or stable operating
point after being subjected to some form of change
or disturbance.
Standard Planning Data The general data required by the TSP from Users as
part of the application for a Connection Agreement or
amended Connection Agreement on a regular basis.
Start-up The process of bringing a Generating Unit from

Shutdown to synchronous speed.
Substation A site at which switching and/or transformation

Equipment is installed.
Supervisory Control and A system of remote control and telemetry used to

Data Acquisition monitor and control a Power System.
(SCADA)

Synchronize The process of connecting Generating Units and/or

interconnected AC Systems when they operate at
the same frequency and where the phase angle
displacements between their voltages vary about a
stable operating point. The term synchronized,
synchronizing, and the like shall be construed
accordingly.
System Refers to the Grid or Transmission System.
System Constraint A limitation on the use of a System due to lack of

Transmission Capacity or other System conditions.
System Emergency A Partial Shutdown or Total Shutdown or any other

Conditions physical or operational condition and/or occurrence
on the System which, in TSP’s opinion, is (i)
imminently likely to endanger or is endangering life
or property; or (ii) is imminently likely to impair or is
impairing: (a) TSP's ability to discharge any
statutory, regulatory or other legal obligation and/or
(b) the Safety and/or Reliability of the System.
System Protection A measure of the ability of the Protection to initiate

Dependability Index successful tripping of circuit-breakers associated
with a faulty item of Apparatus. It can be calculated
using the following expression:
System Protection Dependability Index = 1 –

(Number of Faults when Protection failed to trip/Total
number of Faults)
System Restoration The process by TSP to achieve restoration of supply,

as safely and as quickly as possible, after the
occurrence of Partial or Total Shutdown of the
System.
System Restoration Plan A plan prepared and maintained by the TSP

pursuant to emergency control and System
Restoration setting out guidelines assisting those
involved in System Restoration to achieve System
Restoration as safely and as quickly as possible.
System Services Services supplied to the TSP by Generators,

Distribution Entities, or Directly-connected
Customers, necessary for the reliable and secure
transport of Power from Generators to Distribution
Entities and other Directly-connected Customers.
Technical Completion Shall have the meaning as defined in the relevant

Certificate Connection Agreement of a User with the TSP.

Tertiary Operating The additional MW output which is fully available and

Reserve sustainable over 90 seconds up to 30 minutes after
initiation of a frequency change Event on the Grid.
Test Coordinator The coordinator appointed by the TSP pursuant to

the provisions of the Operating Code.
Test Group A group of persons who is designated by the TSP to

perform or conduct the required Operational Test.
Test or Testing Test or testing carried out by the TSP in respect of a

User’s Equipment, Apparatus, or facilities.
Test Procedure A procedure that specifies the switching sequence

and proposed timing of the switching sequence,
including other activities deemed necessary and
appropriate by the Operational Test Group in
carrying out the Operational Test.
Test Program A program to carry out test(s) or testing on the

System.
Test Proponent Refers to the TSP or the User who plans to

undertake an Operational Test and who initiates an
Operational Test Request.
Test Request A request by the TSP or a User to undertake an

Operational Test.
Total Harmonic The ratio of the root-mean-square value of the

Distortion Harmonic content to the root-mean-square value of
the fundamental quantity, expressed in percent.
Total Shutdown The situation existing when all Generation has

ceased and there is no electricity and, therefore, the
Total System has Shutdown with the result that it is
not possible for the Total System to begin to function
again without TSP's directions relating to a Black
Start.
Transmission Service The legal entity (Transmission Business Unit of the

Provider (TSP) Saudi Electricity Company) that is licensed to own
and maintain a network on the Transmission System
(or has such right by virtue of its historic existence
for this purpose).

Transmission System The Transmission System consists of all lines and

Substation Equipment where the nominal voltage is ≥
110 kV.
The Transmission system consists of:
• The Transmission System
• Assets Connected to the Transmission System
and belonging to the TSP.
• Generating Stations and networks linking such
Power Stations to the Transmission System
• The control area for which the TSP is responsible.
The Transmission System definition is not linked to
specific assets, but includes those components of
the electrical network that have a measurable
influence, at Transmission level, on each other as
they are operating as one Power System. Also, has
the same meaning as Grid.
Transmission System When Transmission System interrupts due to any

Outage. reason.
Under Frequency Relay An electrical relay that operates when the System
frequency decreases to a preset value.
Unplanned Outage Has the meaning as defined in section 4.3 of the

Operating Code.
Use of System An agreement between the TSP and a User setting

Agreement out the terms and conditions relating to the use of
User A person or entity that uses the Grid and its related
facilities. Also, a person or entity to which the Grid
Code applies. Includes prospective Users as well.
User Development Means eitherUser's Plant and/or Apparatus to be

connected to the Transmission System, or a
modification relating to a User's Plant and/or
Apparatus already connected to the Transmission
System, or a proposed new Connection or
modification to the existing Connection.
Voltage Control The strategy used by the TSP, Distribution Entity,

Generator, or User to maintain the voltage of the
Grid, Distribution System, or the User System within
the limits prescribed in the Grid Code.
Voltage Transformer (VT) Device that reduces system voltage down to

proportional values of 120 volts or less for use by a
Protection System or Meter.

Voluntary Load The agreed self-reduction of Demand by identified

Curtailment Users to assist in Frequency Control when
Generation deficiency exists.

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What is the purpose and scope of the Saudi Arabian Grid Code?

What is the purpose and scope of the Saudi Arabian Grid Code?

What are the objectives of the Connection Code chapter outlined in the document?

What are the objectives of the Connection Code chapter outlined in the document?

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code

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Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) i

CHRONOLOGY OF SAUDI ARABIAN GRID CODE REVISIONS...................i

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................xi

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CONDITIONS.......................................................1

1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 1

1.4 Grid Code Implementation and Enforcement...................................................... 2

1.5 Settlement of Disputes .......................................................................................... 2

1.6 Unforeseen Circumstances................................................................................... 2

1.7 Suspension of Grid Code Provisions................................................................... 3

1.8 Illegality and Partial Invalidity............................................................................... 3

1.9 Force Majeure ......................................................................................................... 3

1.10 The Grid Code Supervisory Committee (GCSC) ................................................. 3

1.11 Grid Code Amendment or Derogation Process .................................................. 5

1.12 Communication between the TSP and Users...................................................... 7

1.13 Data, Notices, and Confidentiality ........................................................................ 8

1.14 Ownership of Plant and/or Apparatus.................................................................. 9

1.15 System Control....................................................................................................... 9

1.16 Code Interpretation ................................................................................................ 9

Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) ii

CHAPTER 2 CONNECTION CODE ..........................................................11

2.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 11

2.3 Grid Connection Procedure ................................................................................ 11

2.4 Transmission System Performance ................................................................... 17

2.5 Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points ....................................................... 20

2.6 System Services................................................................................................... 28

2.7 Site Related Conditions....................................................................................... 29

APPENDIX A2.1: Preparation of Site Responsibility Schedules ...................................... 36

CHAPTER 3 PLANNING CODE................................................................40

3.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 40

3.3 Grid Planning........................................................................................................ 40

Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) iii

3.3.1 Grid Planning Responsibility 40

APPENDIX A3.1: Standard Planning Data........................................................................... 46

Appendix A3.2: Detailed Planning Data .............................................................................. 52

CHAPTER 4 OPERATING CODE .............................................................57

4.2 Operational Demand Forecasts .......................................................................... 58

4.3 Outage Planning................................................................................................... 63

4.4 System Services................................................................................................... 76

4.5 Operational Liaison.............................................................................................. 89

4.6 Operational Communication between the TSP and Users............................... 91

Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) iv

4.6.5 Conditions of Monitoring and Recording Equipment 93

4.7 Contingency Planning ......................................................................................... 95

4.8 Operational Testing ........................................................................................... 100

4.9 Testing to Monitor, Investigate, and Verify Performance .............................. 104

4.10 Cross-boundary Safety Assurance .................................................................. 109

CHAPTER 5 SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH CODE.............................116

5.2 Objective ............................................................................................................. 116

5.3 Generation Scheduling...................................................................................... 116

5.4 Generation Dispatch .......................................................................................... 124

Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) v

5.4.3 Generation Synchronizing and Desynchronizing Times 125

APPENDIX A5.1: Generating Block/Unit Declaration....................................................... 133

CHAPTER 6 DATA AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE CODE ..............134