CHAPTER - 3

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

60
KEY POINTS

E3
 1 radian is an angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc
whose length is equal to the radius of the circle.

  radian = 180 degree, 1° = 60°


 


1 radian = 

ID
 = 57° 16’ 22” (Appr.)
  
If an arc of length ‘  ’ makes an angle ‘’ radian at the centre of a
circle of radius ‘r’, we have 

U
.

 Quadrant  I II III IV
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t-functions which All sinx tanx cosx

are postive cosecx cotx secx

 Function Domain Range

sinx R [–1, 1]
D

cosx R [–1, 1]
 
tanx     R
U

 
cosecx R – {n} ; n  z R – (–1, 1)
ST

 
secx     R – (–1, 1)
 
cotx R – {n} ; n  z R

29 [XI – Mathematics]
 
 Allied or related angles: The angles   are called allied

or related angles and  ± n × 360° are called conterminal

angles. For general reduction we have the following rules. The

60
  
value of any trigonometric functions for     is numerically
 
equal to :-

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(a) The value of the same function if n is even integer with
algebraic sign of the function as per the quadrant in which
angles pie ().
(b) Corresponding co-function of ‘’ if n is an odd integer

ID
algebraic sign of the function for the quadrant in which it
lies. Here sine and cosine; tan and cot; sec and cosec, are
co-functions of each other.
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 Trigonometric Identities:
(i) sin (x + y) = sinx cosy + cosx siny
YG

(ii) sin (x – y) = sinx cosy – cosx siny

(iii) cos (x + y) = cosx cosy – sinx siny
(iv) cos (x – y) = cosx cosy + sinx siny

(v) 
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
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(vi) 

ST

(vii)

(viii)

30 [XI – Mathematics]
 (ix) sin2x = 2sinx cosx =


(x) cos2x = cos2x – sin2x = 2cos2x – 1 = 1 – 2sin2x =


60
(xi) tan2x =

(xii) sin3x = 3sinx – 4sin3x

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(xiii) cos3x = 4cos3x – 3cos x

(xiv) tan3x =

(xv)

(xvi)
cosx + cosy =

cosx – cosy =
ID
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(xvii) sinx + siny =
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(xviii) sinx – siny =

(xix) 2sinx cosy = sin(x + y) + sin(x – y)

(xx) 2cosx siny = sin(x + y) – sin(x – y)
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(xxi) 2cosx cosy = cos(x + y) + cos(x – y)

(xxii) 2sinx siny = cos(x – y) – cos(x + y)
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(xxiii)
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Sing ‘+’ or ‘–’ will be decided

(xxiv) according to the quadrant in

which angle lies.

(xxv)

31 [XI – Mathematics]
  Solution of trigonometric equations:
(a) Principal Solutions: The solutions of a trigonometric
equation for which 0 ≤  ≤ 2 are called principal solutions.

60
(b) General Solutions: The expression involving integer ‘n’
which gives all solutions of a trigonometric equation is
called the general solution.

 General solution of trigonometric equations:

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(i) If sin = 0  = n nz


(ii) If cos = 0  = (2n + 1) , nz

(iii) If tan = 0

(iv) If sin = sin ID

 = n nz

  = n(–1)n nz
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(v) If cos = cos   = 2n nz

(vi) If tan = tan   = n +  nz

YG

(vii) If sin2 = sin2,   = n  nz

cos2 = cos2,
tan2 = tan2

Maximum and minimum values of the expression Acos + Bsin

D

are and – respectively, where A and B are

constants.
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
ST

32 [XI – Mathematics]
 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

1. Write the radian measure of 5° 37’ 30”.

60
2. Write the degree measure of radian.

 
3. Write the value of  .
 

E3
4. What is the value of sin (–1125°).
  
5. Write the general solution of    0.
 
6.
7.
8.
ID
Write the value of 2sin75° sin15°.
What is the maximum value of 3 – 7 cos5x.
Express sin12 + sin4 as the product of sines and cosines.
U
9. Express 2cos4x sin2x as an algebraic sum of sines and cosines.
10. Write the maximum value of cos (cosx) and also write its
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minimum value.

11. Write is the value of .

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in

D

exercise 12 to 30.
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12. If  , then sin is -

ST

(a) but not (b) or

(c) but not (d) None of these.

33 [XI – Mathematics]
 13. The greatest value of sinx cosx is -
(a) 1 (b) 2

(c) (d) .

60
14. If sin + cosec = 2, then sin2 + cosec2 is equal to -
(a) 1 (b) 4

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(c) 2 (d) None of these.

15. If tan = and tan = then the value of  +  is -

ID

(a) (b) 


(c) 0 (d) .
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16. Which of the following is not correct -
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(a)  (b) cos = 1

(c)  (d) tan = 20.

17. The value of tan1° × tan2° × tan3° ……..… tan89° is -

D

(a) 0 (b) 1
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(c) (d) Not defined.

18. The value of cos1° × cos2° × cos3° ……..… cos179° is -

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(a) (b) 0

(c) 1 (d) –1.

34 [XI – Mathematics]
 19. The value of is -

(a) 1 (b)

60
(c) (d) 2.

20. The minimum value of 3cosx + 4sinx + 8 is -

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(a) 5 (b) 9
(c) 7 (d) 3.

21. The value of sin50° – sin70° + sin10° is equal to -

(a) 1

(c)
ID (b) 0

(d) 2.
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22. If sin + cos = 1, then the value of sin2 is equal to -
YG

(a) 1 (b)

(c) 0 (d) 2.


23. If  +  = , then value of (1 + tan) . (1 + tan) is -
4
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(a) 1 (b) 2
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(c) –2 (d) Not defined.

24. The value of cos248° – sin212° is -

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(a) (b)

(c) (d) .

35 [XI – Mathematics]
 25. The number of solutions of the equation 4sinx – 3cosx = 7 are -
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3.

60
 
26. If cosx =   , then cos3x is -
 

   
(a) (b)

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   
   

   
(c)   (d)  .
   

27. If cosx =

(a)
  ID
and 0 < x < 2, then solutions are -

(b)
 
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   
(c) (d) .
YG

28. If P = 2sin2x – cos2x, then P lies in the interval -

(a) [1, 3] (b) [1, 2]
(c) [–1, 2] (d) None of these.
D

 
29. If , then write the value of is -
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(a) cosx – sinx (b) cosx + sinx

(c) sinx – cosx (d) 2.
ST

30. If sinx + cosx = a, then the value of |sinx – cosx| is -

(a) (b)

(c) (d) 1.

36 [XI – Mathematics]
 Fill in the blanks (Exercise 31 to 35] :-

31. The value of is _________.

60
32. If tanA = , tan2A = _________.

33. If 3sinx + 4cosx = 5, then 4sinx – 3cosx is _________.

E3
34. If cos(A – B) = and tanA tanB = 2, then the value of cosA

cosB is _________.

35. If A + B =

is ________.


ID
and cosA + cosB = 1, then the value of






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36. If the following match each item given under column C1 to its
correct answer given under column C2 :-
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C1 C2
(a) sin(x + y) sin(x – y) (i) cos2x – sin2y

(b) cos(x + y) cos(x – y) (ii)

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 
(c)   (iii)
 
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 
(d)   (iv) sin2x – sin2y
 
ST

37 [XI – Mathematics]
 37. Match each item given under column C1 to its correct answer
given under column C2 :-
C1 C2

60
(a) (i)

(b) (ii)

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(c) (iii) |cosx + sinx|

(d) (iv) sin2x – sin2y

38.
ID
The statements given are true or false (Exercise 38 to 45] :-

If 0 ≤ x ≤  then cos0 ≤ cosx ≤ cos.

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 
39. If 0 ≤ x ≤ then sin0 ≤ sinx ≤ sin .
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 
40. If  ≤ x ≤ then sin ≤ sinx ≤ sin .

 
41. If ≤x≤ then tanx is an increasing function.
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42. The period of sinx function is ‘2’

U

43. The period of cosx function is ‘2’

ST

44. The period of tanx function is ‘2’

45. The range of f(x) = secx is R – [–1, 1].

38 [XI – Mathematics]
 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 MARKS)

60
46. Find the length of an arc of a circle of radius 5cm subtending a central
angle measuring 15°.
3 
47. If sin A  and  A   Find cos A, sin 2A
5 2

E3
48. What is the sign of cos x/2 – sin x/2 when

(i) 0 < x < /4 (ii)  x  
2

ID
49. Prove that cos 510° cos 330° + sin 390° cos 120° = –1
50. Find the maximum and minimum value of 7 cos x + 24 sin x
51. Evaluate sin( + x) sin( – x) cosec2 x
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52. Find the angle in radians between the hands sof a clock at 7 : 20 PM.
1 5 
YG

53. If cot   sec   where  <  < 3 /2 and     . Find the
2 3 2
value of tan ( + )
1 3
54. If cos x  and   x  . Find the value of cos x/2 , tan x/2
3 2
D

a 1
55. If tan A  and tan B  then find the value of A + B
a 1 2a  1
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SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)

56. A horse is tied to a post by a rope. If the horse moves along a circular
ST

path, always keeping the rope tight and describes 88 metres when it
traces 72° at the centre, find the length of the rope.

57. Find the minimum and maximum value of

sin4x + cos2x; x  R.

39 [XI – Mathematics]
 58. Solve sec x. cos 5x + 1 = 0

59. Solve 2 tan2 x + sec2 x = 2 for 0 < x2.

3 cos x  sin x  1 .

60
60. Solve

61. Solve 2 sec   tan   3 .

62. Solve 3 tan x + cot x = 5 cosec x.

E3
63. Find x if 3 tan (x – 15°) = tan (x + 15°)

64. Solve tan x  tan 2 x  3 tan x.tan 2 x  3 .

65.

66.
Solve tan x  sec x  3 .

If sec x  2 and
3 ID
 x  2 , find the value of
1 – tan x – cosec x
.
U
2 1 – cot x  cosec x

1
67. Prove that sin 10° sin 30° sin 50° sin 70° = .
YG

16
cot x 5
68. If f(x) = and     then find f(). f().
1  cot x 4

69. Prove that tan 70° = tan 20° + 2 tan 50°

D

70. Prove that tan 13x = tan 4x + tan 9x + tan 4x tan 9x tan 13x.
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Prove the following Identities

tan 5  tan 3
ST

71.  4 cos 2.cos 4 .

tan 5  tan 3

cos x  sin x cos x  sin x

72.   2 tan 2 x .
cos x  sin x cos x  sin x

40 [XI – Mathematics]
 cos 4 x sin 3 x  cos 2 x sin x
73.  tan 2 x .
sin 4 x.sin x  cos 6 x.cos x

1  sin   cos  
74.  tan .

60
1  sin   cos  2

75. tan  tantan (60° + ) = tan 3.

E3
76. 2  2  2 cos 4  2 cos  .

cos x  x
77.  tan    .
1  sin x 4 2

78.

79.
cos 10° + cos 110° + cos 130° = 0.

ID
sin( x  y )  2sin x  sin( x  y )
cos( x  y )  2 cos x  cos( x  y )
 tan x
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x 3x
80. sin x  sin 2 x  sin 4 x  sin 5 x  4 cos .cos .sin 3 x
YG

2 2

sec8  1 tan 8
81. 
sec 4  1 tan 2

82. Find the value of 3 cosec 20° – sec 20°

D

 2 4 8 1
83. cos .cos .cos .cos 
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5 5 5 5 16

1
84. cos 20.cos 40.cos 80 
ST

41 [XI – Mathematics]
 Find the general solution of the following equations
(Q.No. 85 to Q.No. 87)

85. sin 7x = sin 3x.

86. cos 3x – sin 2x = 0.

60
87. sin x  3sin 2 x  sin 3 x  cos x  3cos 2 x  cos 3 x .
88. Draw the graph of cosx, sin x and tan x in [0, 2

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89. Draw sin x, sin 2x and sin 3x on same graph and with same scale.
90. Evaluate:
 13 
(i) cos 36° (ii) tan  
 12 
91. Evaluate:

cos 4

8
 cos 4
3
8
ID
 5   7 
 cos 4    cos 4  
 8   8 
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1 1
92. If tan A – tan B = x, cot B – cot A = y prove that cot (A – B) = 
x y
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sin( x  y ) a  b tan x a
93. If  then prove that  .
sin( x  y ) a  b tan y b
94. If cos x  cos .cos  then prove that
D

 x  x 2 
tan   .tan    tan
 2   2  2
U

95. If tan( cos )  cot( sin ) then prove that

  1
cos       .
ST

 4 2 2
96. If sin(  )  a and sin(  )  b then prove that

cos 2(  )  4ab cos(  )  1  2a 2  2b 2

97. Find the range of 5 sin x – 12 cos x + 7.

42 [XI – Mathematics]
 98. If  and  are the solution of the equation, a tan   b sec   c then
2ac
show that tan(  )  2 2 .
a c
99. Prove that

60
cos 2 x  cos 2 y  2 cos x.cos y.cos( x  y )  sin 2 ( x  y)

100. Prove that

2sin 2   4 cos(  ) sin  sin   cos 2(  )  cos 2

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101. Solve
2 2
81sin x  81cos x  30 0 x

a solution in [0, 2] .

103. Prove that
ID
102. Find the minimum value of p for which cos( p sin x)  sin( p cos x) has
U
sin16 A
cos A cos 2A cos 4A cos 8A  .
16.sin A
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104. Solve: 4sinx. sin2x. sin4x = sin3x

105. Solve: cos cos2 cos3 = 1

4
106. Evaluate:
D

   3  5   7 
1  cos  1  cos 1  cos  1  cos 
 8  8  8  8 
U

107. Prove that

   2 
ST

4 sin .sin     .sin      sin 3 .

 3  3 

43 [XI – Mathematics]
 ANSWERS

1. 2. 39° 22’ 30”
32
1
3. 3 4. 

60
2
 1
5. n– , n  z. 6.
12 2
7. 10 8. 2 sin8 cos4 

E3
9. sin6x – sin2x 10. 1 and –1

3 1
11.
3 1
12.
14.
16.
(b)
(c)
(c)
ID 13. (d)
15. (d)
17. (b)
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18. (b) 19. (c)
20. (d) 21. (b)
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22. (c) 23. (b)

24. (a) 25. (a)
26. (a) 27. (b)
28. (c) 29. (c)
D

30. (a) 31. 1

32. tanB 33. 0
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34. 35.
ST

36. (a)  (iv) 37. (a)  (iv)

(b)  (i) (b)  (i)
(c)  (ii) (c)  (ii)
(d)  (iii) (d)  (ii)

44 [XI – Mathematics]
 38. False 39. True
40. False 41. True
42. True 43. True

60
44. False 45. False

46. 70m 47.

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48. (i) + ve (ii) –ve 50. Max value 25;
51. –1 Min value –25

52. 53.

54.

56. 70 m
ID 55. /4

57.
U
 
58. 
YG

     
59. 60.  

  
61.   62.  
D

   
63.  64.
U

  
65.   66. 1
ST

68. 82. 4

45 [XI – Mathematics]
  
85. 

  
86.    87. 

60
88.

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89.
ID
U
YG
D

90. (i) (ii) 91.

 
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97. [–6, 20] 101.

ST

  
102. 104.   

 
105.   106.

46 [XI – Mathematics]