KALINGA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY (KIIT)

(Deemed to be University)

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

AUTUMN SEMESTER 2021-22

Course Handout
Date: 26/07/2021

1. Course Code: AS2007

2. Course Title: AEROSPACE THERMODYNAMICS
3. L-T-P Structure: 3-0-0
4. Course Coordinator: Dr Surendra Kumar Ghadai
5. Course faculty: Dr Surendra Kumar Ghadai

6. Course Objective(s): To understand basic principles of thermodynamics and to apply

thermodynamics in real-world engineering problems.

7. Course (learning) outcomes: At the end of the course, the students will be able to:

CO1: Comprehend terminology related to thermal engineering and recognize the need of
learning thermodynamics
CO2. Appreciate the 1st law in cyclic and acyclic processes.
CO3. Interpret the 2nd law in applications related to heat engine, heat pump and refrigerators.
CO4. Read and comprehend steam table and Mollier chart in solving complex thermal
problems.
CO5. Understand the applicability of gas and steam power cycles in thermal engineering.
CO6. Analyze the mechanism of conduction, convection and radiation and heat exchanger
principle.

8. Course Contents

Basic concepts and definitions:

Scope of thermodynamics, Macroscopic and microscopic approaches, Definition of closed
system and open system, Extensive and Intensive Properties, Point and Path function,
Reversible and irreversible processes, Thermal, mechanical and chemical equilibrium,
thermodynamic equilibrium, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Forms of energy, energy transfer
by heat, forms of work (electrical and mechanical), energy transfer by work.

First law of thermodynamics:

Moving boundary work (PdV work), PdV work for different processes, First law for closed
systems (for cyclic and non-cyclic processes), introduction of internal energy as a
thermodynamic property, flow work and energy of a flowing fluid, first law for control
volumes (open systems) and introduction of enthalpy as a thermodynamic property.

Second law and Entropy:

Second law - thermal efficiency of heat engines – Kelvin-Planck statement and Clausius
statement - perpetual motion machines - reversible and irreversible processes- Carnot cycle.
Entropy: increase of entropy principle isentropic process - T-ds relations and entropy change
of ideal gases – isentropic efficiencies of steady flow devices - Exergy (only introductory
information).

Pure substances:
Definition of pure substance, p-V and T-v diagrams for pure substances, specific volumes of
saturated liquid, wet vapor and superheated vapour.
Gas Power Cycles:
The Carnot cycle and its value in engineering - Otto cycle- Diesel cycle- Dual Cycle, Brayton
cycle, Gas Turbine cycle with intercooling, reheat and regeneration.

Heat Transfer:
Three modes of heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation. Fourier conduction
equation, Mechanism of convection and basic concepts: Dimensional analysis for forced and
free convection, Nusselt number, Concept of thermal boundary layer, Prandtl number,
Radiation properties, emissive power and emissivity, Kirchoff‘s identity. Planck‘s relation for
monochromatic emissive power of a black body, Stefan-Boltzman law and Wein‘s
displacement law, Radiation shape factor.

Heat Exchanger:
Types of heat exchangers and heat exchanger configurations. The overall heat transfer
coefficient and fouling factor. LMTD and effectiveness-NTU analysis of heat exchangers.

9. Text books

T1: Engineering Thermodynamics, Second Edition, P. Chattopadhyay, Oxford University Press.

10. Reference books

R1: Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, Gordon J. Van Wylen , Richard E. Sonntag, Claus
Borgnakke, John Wiley, Fifth Edition.
R2: Engineering thermodynamics, P. K. Nag, McGraw Hill Education, Fifth Edition.
R3: Thermodynamics, An Engineering Approach, Yunus A Cengel and Michael A. Boles, Mc Graw Hill
Education, 7th Edition, 2011 (reprint 2013).

11. Lesson plan and active learning activities

Lesson Duration
Learning objectives / activities Topics to be covered
Number (Appx.)
1 Introduction
System and control
1.1 Different Thermodynamic systems
volume
Extrinsic and intrinsic
1.2 Thermodynamic Properties Week 1
properties
[]
Conditions for thermodynamic Thermodynamic
1.3
equilibrium Equilibrium
Zeroth Law of
1.4 Temperature and Zeroth Law
Thermodynamics
2 Work and Heat Transfer
Classification of properties based on Point and path function
2.1
point or path function
Week 2 -
2.2 Different thermodynamic work transfer Work Transfer, pdv work
Week 3
Heat transfer as another mode of energy Heat Transfer
2.3 []
transfer
Specific Heat and Latent
2.4 Heat transfer terms
Heat
Assignment 1
3 First Law of Thermodynamics
First Law for cyclic and
3.1 Applying 1st Law to different processes
acyclic Process
Week 4 -
Energy and different
3.2 Different forms of energy Week 5
forms of energy
[]
3.3 Defining Enthalpy Enthalpy and PMM1
First Law applied to flow
3.4 SFEE application
processes (SFEE)
4 Second Law of Thermodynamics Week 6 -
Week 7
 2nd Law statements, Heat
4.1 Two statements of 2nd Law, Heat engine
Engines
Difference between Refrigerator and heat Refrigerator Heat pump
4.2
pump
Reversibility and
4.3 Reversible and irreversible process
Irreversibility
4.4 Fundamental thermodynamic cycle Carnot Cycle
Assignment 2
5 Pure Substances
Pure substance definition and Definition, p-v and T-v
5.1
thermodynamic charts diagram
Week 7 []
Saturate liquid, wet
Different thermodynamic phases of
5.2 vapour and superheated
water
vapour
Quiz 1
MIDSEM EXAMES [27/09/2021-01/10/2021]
6 Gas Power Cycles
6.1 Carnot Cycle
Week 8 -
Otto, Diesel and Dual
6.2 Power cycles Week 9
Cycle
Air standard cycles []
Brayton Cycle, Gas
6.3
Turbine with intercooling
7 Heat Transfer
Three modes of Heat
7.1 Heat Transfer and its mode of transfer
transfer, Fourier Equation
Week 10 -
Mechanism of
7.2 Convection mechanism Week 13
Convection
[]
7.3 Dimensional analysis Dimensional Analysis
7.4 Boundary layer Thermal oundary Layer
7.5 Radiation heat transfer Radiation
Assignment 3
8 Heat Exchanger
8.1 Heat exchangers Types and configuration
Performance analysis of heat exchangers Overall Heat Transfer Week 14 -
8.2
Coefficient Week 16
8.3 LMTD []
Design of heat exchangers NTU Analysis of heat
exchanger
Assignment 4
Quiz 2
ENDSEM EXAMES [15/12/2021-29/12/2021]

12. Assessment components:

Assessment Duration Weightage / Nature of the

S No. Component Marks Component
1 Mid Semester Examination 90 Minutes 20/20 Closed Book
Closed Book
2 End Semester Examination 3 Hours 50/50

Active learning activities:

Problem solving / Critical
3 thinking / Creation / 30/30
Interactivity focus / Quiz /
reflection
13. Assessment plan for active learning activities:

Active learning Duration Weightage Date and Time Nature of the

S No Assessment / Marks Component
Component
Problem solving 5 Presentation
1
2 Critical thinking 5 Report
Throughout the
Semester
3 Creation 5 Poster/ Model
4 Interactivity 5 Group Discussion
focus
5 Quiz 30 minutes 5 As per lesson plan
6 Reflection 5 Before the end sem. Self Assessment

14. Attendance: Every student is expected to be regular (in attendance) in all lecture classes, tutorials,
labs, tests, quizzes, seminars etc and in fulfilling all tasks assigned to him / her. Attendance will
be recorded and 75% attendance is compulsory.

15. Makeup:

1) No make-up examination will be scheduled for the mid semester examination. However,
official permission to take a make-up examination will be given under exceptional
circumstances such as admission in a hospital due to illness / injury, calamity in the family at
the time of examination.
2) A student who misses a mid-semester examination because of extenuating circumstances such
as admission in a hospital due to illness / injury, calamity in the family may apply in writing
via an application form with supporting document(s) and medical certificate to the Dean of the
School for a make-up examination.
3) Applications should be made within five working days after the missed examination.

16. Discussion of Mid Semester performance: Performance of the mid semester examination will
be discuss in the class.

17. Pre-end semester total marks: Please check the SAP portal.

18. Course Management System: SAP Portal is a software system designed to facilitate teachers in
the management (instructional content, assessment and documentation) of the courses for their
students; both teachers and students can monitor the system. Though usually considered as a tool
and often used to complement the face-to-face classroom.

19. Chamber consultation hour for doubts clarification: Considering the virtual classes to be
continue for this semester, any consultation will be in online mode as well.

20. Notices: All notices regarding the course will be notified through your KIIT email ID and/or
Google class room.
.

Sd/-

Surendra Kumar Ghadai

Course Coordinator
 List of Activities
1) In Brayton Cycle, find out optimum compression ratio for maximum work capacity
(Numerically).
2) Calculate COP of vapor compression refrigeration saturation cycle (VCRS) for three
different atmospheric temperature.
3) Literature review and research need in Brayton-Rankine Combined Cycle.
4) Presentation with audio/video content, on Binary vapour cycle.
5) Demonstration of pressure measurement in pressure cooker.
6) Use different types of liquids (water + Oil) to demonstrate difference between
conduction and convection.
7) Use LabView/Ansys to plot velocity vs time for flow of a gas through nozzle.
8) Demonstrate use of thermodynamic concepts in day to day life. (use ppt and report).
9) Case study of any power plant. (Type of fuel used, cooling tower, heat exchanger etc.)
10) Report on natural convection in a heated vertical plate. (Analytical and/or Numerical )
11) Case study of jet engine available in aero engine lab.
12) Study of irreversibility in turbine, compressor and IC engine and their minimization.
13) Design of Heat Exchanger. Finding LMTD for a heat exchanger.