Application Report
SLVA800 – July 2016
Effective System ESD Protection Guidelines
TPS251x USB Charging Port Controllers
Eric Wright ............................................................................................... Linear Power/Power Interface
ABSTRACT
IEC 61000-4-2 electro-static discharge (ESD) protection of USB charging ports is a necessary system
requirement for most products. The USB D+ and D– signals from the charging port controller make direct
contact with a potentially charged USB cable and the discharge of energy from the cable to the product
can damage the controller. The controller D+, D–, and even VBUS signals must have some form of ESD
protection added to the application circuit. This document discusses the design and printed circuit board
(PCB) layout of the ESD protection circuitry.
1 Description
The TPS251x family (TPS2511/11Q1, TPS2513/13A/13AQ1, TPS2514/14A/14AQ1) of USB charging port
controllers do not incorporate internal IEC 61000-4-2 ESD protection. In order to meet IEC 61000-4-2,
level 4, external circuitry must be used. In some cases, protection of the D+ and D– signals starts with a
transient voltage suppressor (TVS) and may include a choke. Protection of VBUS can usually be
accomplished through the use of the USB-required VBUS capacitor, CPORT. The basic protection scheme is
shown in Figure 1.
USB
Power
TPS2511Q1 Connector
Supply TVS
OUT VBUS
IN
Choke
DM D>
CS DP D+
CPORT
GND
Figure 1. Basic USB ESD Protection Circuit
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Choosing the TVS www.ti.com
2 Choosing the TVS
The absolute maximum voltage rating of the TPS251x DP_IN and DM_IN pins with respect to GND
ranges from –0.3 V to the lower of VIN + 0.3 V or 5.7 V. For example, if VIN = 5 V, then the maximum rating
is 5.3 V. The TVS should clamp the voltage on DP_IN and DM_IN within this voltage range for reliable
operation in the presence of ESD surges.
The TVS configuration shown in Figure 1 is one example of an ESD diode array which can clamp D+ and
D– between GND and VBUS. The TPD2E001 is used on TPS2513EVM-527 and benefits from the
connection of the TPD2E001 VCC pin to VBUS (and CPORT). For this case, the clamping voltage between
GND and VBUS depends on the forward voltage drop of the clamping diodes at peak surge current.
There are alternative options such as the TPD2E2U06 which rely on the clamping voltage of the internal
clamp only and do not benefit from a connection to VBUS (and CPORT). An example is shown in Figure 2.
The internal clamping voltage of this configuration may not protect the TPS251x as the clamping voltage is
above the absolute maximum voltage rating of the TPS251x DP_IN and DM_IN pins.
USB
Connector
TVS
VBUS
D-
D+
CPORT
GND
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Figure 2. Clamp Type USB ESD Protection Circuit
3 Data Line Choke
In some cases where the signal trace length is far away from the USB connector and TVS, a data line
choke such as Coilcraft 0805USB-372ML or Wurth 744231371 may be used. This can provide additional
ESD margin above IEC 61000-4-2, level 4 (±8-kV contact and ±15-kV air discharge). The data line choke
also helps suppress EMI generated by the local dc/dc converter.
2 Effective System ESD Protection Guidelines for TPS251x USB Charging Port SLVA800 – July 2016
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www.ti.com PCB Layout and Routing
4 PCB Layout and Routing
4.1 TVS Placement and Hookup
The TVS should be placed close to the downstream USB connector so that ESD energy is shunted back
to chassis ground before it can find a discharge path within the internal circuitry of the end product. The
TVS should be directly connected to the TPS251x DP_IN/DM_IN pins without any vias. Placing the TVS
on the same side of the PCB as the TPS251x can help minimize any impedance between the TVS pin and
TPS251x pin. Figure 3 shows a poor, good, and best method for connecting the TPS251x, TVS, and USB
connector.
Poor
Trace
USB
TVS Pin
Connector Pin
V V
PCB I I
A A
TPS251x Pin
Good
Trace
USB
TVS Pin
Connector Pin
V
PCB I
A
TPS251x Pin
Best
Trace
USB
Connector Pin
V
PCB I
A
TVS Pin TPS251x Pin
Figure 3. Examples of TVS Placement and Connectivity
Use a heavy connection from TVS, VCC, and GND pins to VBUS and ground plane, respectively. Use
multiple vias to make the connection when VBUS and ground are on internal layers.
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5 Extended ESD Performance
For a dedicated charging port, ESD performance can be extended beyond level 4 because there are no
high-speed USB signal integrity concerns. The configurations shown in Figure 4 have been tested
successfully up to ±12-kV contact and ±20-kV air discharge.
USB USB
Connector TPS2511Q1 Ferrite Bead (2x) Connector
TPS2511Q1
UPB201209T
OUT VBUS OUT TVS VBUS
Choke TVS 25 :
25 : 0805USB-372ML 2x TPD1E10B06
2x TPD1E10B06
DM D> DM D>
DP D+ DP D+
25 : CPORT
25 : CPORT
GND GND
1000 pF 1000 pF
1000 pF 1000 pF
Figure 4. Extended ESD Protection Circuit Examples
6 Conclusion
The guidelines in this application report provide a robust solution for ESD suppression in USB charging
based devices. Protection up to and above ±8-kV contact and ±15-kV air discharge are achieved by
proper PCB layout and choice of the TVS. Additionally, two examples are shown which can extend ESD
performance beyond level 4.
7 References
1. Data Sheet: TPS2513 USB Dedicated Charging Port Controller (SLVSBY8)
2. Application Report: ESD Protection Layout Guide (SLVA680)
3. Application Report: Design Considerations for System-Level ESD Circuit Protection (SLYT492)
4. User Guide: TPS2513EVM-527 (SLVU910)
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