Handouts1 L&M
Handouts1 L&M
Handouts1 L&M
1. Demonstration of Leadership and Management Skills to provide Safe and Quality Nursing Care
Modalities of Nursing Care - This refers to the manner in which nursing care is organized and
provided. It depends on the philosophy of the organization, nurse staffing and client
population
Functional Nursing
Primary Nursing
Team Nursing
Case Management
Case Method
Total Patient Care
Health Economics - Health economists apply the theories of production, efficiency, disparities,
competition, and regulation to better inform the public and private sector on the most
efficient, or cost-effective, and equitable course of action.
CQI
I. Head Nurse/ Senior Nurse/Nurse II:
A professional nurse who assumes responsibility for managing the human and material
resources of a nursing unit to provide quality patient care and an environment conducive
to staff growth and satisfaction.
Functions/Roles:
A. Patient Care management- assumes responsibility for the delivery of quality patient care
for the nursing unit.
B. Management of nursing personnel- provides leadership and direction to nursing
personnel in accordance with organizational and departmental goals and objectives.
C. Management of patient Care units- maintains an environment that encourages quality
patient care and staff satisfaction.
D. Educational responsibilities- assist in staff development activities in the unit.
- Assists clinical instructors of affiliating colleges of nursing in planning,
implementing and evaluating the learning experience of the students.
- Assumes responsibility for own learning and developmental needs.
E. Acts as Supervision nurse in the absence of one and when so delegated.
F. Staffing- the process of determining and providing the acceptable number and mix of
nursing personnel to produce a desired level of care to meet the patient’s demand.
II. JOB DESCRIPTION- is a statement that sets the duties and responsibilities of a
specific job.
- are specifications of duties, conditions and requirements of a particular job
prepared through a careful job analysis. This is also known as performance
descriptions.
- Include the needed characteristics or qualifications of the individual to
perform such duties successfully.
Purposes:
- Recruitment, selection, of qualified personnel
- To orient new employees to their jobs
- Guidance and direction
- Evaluation of performance
- Job placement, transfer or dismissal
- Reduction of conflict and frustration,
- Avoidance of overlapping of duties
- Facilitating working relationships with outside bodies such as professional
associations
- Basis for staffing
- Identify training needs
- Budgeting purposes- Serving as basis for the employees’ salary range.
- Serve as channel of communication.
Classification categories:
- Way of classifying patient care according to the acuity of their patient’s
illnesses.
Level I – Self Care or Minimal care- patient can take a bath on his own, feed and
perform his activities of daily living. Average amount of nursing care hours
(NCH) per patient per day is 1.5. ratio of professional to non-professional
nursing personnel is 55:45.
Level II- moderate Care or Intermediate Care- assistive in bathing, feeding or ambulating
for short periods of time.
- Have slight emotional needs, IV fluids, blood transfusion; semi-conscious and
exhibiting some psychosocial or social problems, periodic treatment.
- Average NCH per day is 3 and the ratio of professional to non-professional
personnel is 60:40.
Level III- Total, Complete or Intensive care- completely dependent upon the nursing
personnel.
- Provide complete bath, are feed, on continuous oxygen therapy, with chest or
abdominal tubes, unconscious, marked emotional needs.
- Require close observation at least 30minutes for impending hemorrhage,
HPN or cardiac arrhythmias.
- NCHs per patient per day is 6 with a professional to non-professional ratio of
65:35.
Level IV- Highly specialized Critical Care- need maximum nursing care with a ratio of 80
professionals to 20 non-professionals.
- Continuous treatment and observation, IV piggy backs, V/S every 15-
30minutes, hourly output.
- NCHs per patient per day may range from 6-9 or more and the ratio of
professional to non-professionals range from 70:30 to 80:20.
2. Forty-hour Week Law- based on the National league of Nurses (NLN) or R.A. 5901
otherwise known as the Forty-hour Week Law.
- ABO x NCH = Total number of personnel in 24hours
No. of Working hours
d. 40hour/week – for personnel working in hospitals with 100 bed capacity or over or
which are located in a 1million population.
e. 48hour/week – for personnel who work in agencies with lesser bed capacity or
which are located in communities with less than 1million population
3. Find the number of nursing care hours (NCH) needed by patients at each level of care per
day.
75 patients x 1.5 (NCH needed at Level 1) = 112.5 NCH/day
112.5 patients x 3 (NCH needed at Level II) = 337.5 NCH/day
37.5 patients x 4.5 (NCH needed at Level III) = 168.75 NCH/day
25 patients x 6 (NCH needed at level IV) = 150 NCH/day
Total. = 768.75 NCH/day
Note: The average yearly absence of an employee total 35days. Dividing 35days by
365days is 0.095. This includes mandatory leaves and other absences.
8. Distribute by shifts:
Nurses:
a. 115 x .45 = 52 nurses- AM shift
b. 115 x .37 = 42 nurses –PM shift
c. 115 x .18 = 21 nurses –Night shift
Total 115 nurses
Nursing attendants:
a. 62 x .45 = 28 –AM shift
b. 62 x .37 = 23 – PM shift
c. 62 x .18 = 11- Night shift
Total: 62 Nursing attendants