Identify and pursue synergies across businesses through vertical integration,

platform matching and channel management.

We will create an even broader distribution network for our products and expand our
customer base by identifying synergies across our various businesses. In addition, we
are pursuing plans to integrate our production and distribution facilities for both our
established and newly acquired businesses to generate additional cost savings and
efficiencies.

San Miguel Corporation aism to expand their business through distribution of products in

Invest in and develop businesses with market leading positions.

San Miguel intends to further enhance our market position in the Philippines by
leveraging the company’s financial resources and experience to allow it to continue to
introduce new products and services. Potential investments to develop or expand
existing businesses include building additional service and micro-filling stations,
constructing new power plants, expanding our power generation and food portfolios. We
believe our strong domestic market position provides an effective platform to develop
markets for an expanding product availability and distribution. And we will continue to
invest in and develop businesses that have the potential to gain leading positions in their
respective markets and industries.

San Miguel Corp. produce various kinds of product therefore it is a good idea to
enhance their market position by introducing new products and services. They also
encourage investor to invest in their developing, existing and future businesses which is
an effective platform to expand product availability and distribution.

Adopt world-leading practices and joint development of businesses.

We will develop strategic partnerships with global industry leaders, including Kirin in the
beverages business, Nihon Yamamura in our packaging business and Hormel in our
food business. These partnerships provide technical knowledge, marketing and
expansion opportunities.
San Miguel Corporation develops strategic partnerships with global industry leaders
such the Kirin brewery company that mainly operates in Japan and offers
comprehensive line up of beverage such as beer whiskey etc. and the Nihon Yamamura
that manufactures and sells variety of glass bottles and plastic containers. Partnership
to known companies will give them opportunities to further enhance their technical
knowledge, their market and expansion of the business.

Exercises on Module 1
Define statistics.
Statistics is a science that deals with the collection, organization, analyzation, and
interpretation of data. It is a branch of mathematics where the gathered data are presented
in a numerical manner to be analyzed and interpreted for results. A statiscian would make
decisions or conclusions on the basis of the analysis. Statistics plays an important role in
researches as it
What are the two areas of statistics?
Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics are the two areas of statistics.
Differentiate the following:
1 Descriptive and inferential statistics
Descriptive Statistics is way of collecting, organizing and presenting data to properly
describe a set of information. It only mentions what already exist based on the available
data thus, reduces the complexity and enables the readers to understand it more clearly.
On the other hand, an inferential statistic is used to make possible predictions from a larger
group (population) based on the selected smaller part of the group (sample). Inferential
statistics requires a higher critical judgement on the samples that has the same
characteristics of the whole population.

2 Sample and population

A population is the entirety or totality of the group including all members that forms the set
of information under observation or investigation. There 2 types of population, finite – a
population that has an upper limit and infinite that has no quantifying limit to its size.
Meanwhile, a sample is the subset of the population taken to represent the characteristics
under observation or investigation. For example, you are conducting a study of how first
year college students in Adamson University allocate their allowances. The total number of
1st year college student in Adamson University is 1000 which is the population but to save
time you are only getting 100 first year students which the sample to represent the entire
1000 1st year students.
3 Qualitative and quantitative variables
Qualitative data typically asks questions why and how since it is more focused with
understanding the behavior of a human, object or events. The collection of data are usually
through observations, open ended surveys and one on one interviews. For example, Why
did you buy a laptop? How did you select the brand of laptop you are buying?
A Quantitative data typically asks questions how much or how many. It is concerned with
numerical and quantifiable information to discover facts.
Data are gathered through close-ended surveys or methods that can be measured then it is
analyzed by numerical and statistical comparisons to create inferences. For example, How
much is your allocated budget for buying a laptop? 1) P5,000 – P10,000 2) P11,000-P20,000
4 Discrete and continuous variables
Discrete variable is a represented by a whole number. It is a count data such as 1, 2, 3, 4,
5…. etc. An example would be a number of invited guests in a party held a hotel/venue.
Number of Covid-19 patients a hospital this month.
A Continuous variable are infinitely number of measured data at any value and range. There
could be a decimal point. An example for continuous variable is the height of a women
aged 16 years old above. The distance you travelled from home to Adamson University.
5 Primary and secondary data
A primary data is a first-hand data or evidences that you collected yourself about the
people, objects or phenomena you are studying. It provides raw information not yet used
by other researchers. For example, you want to study about the impact of a president’s
speech towards citizen’s perspectives on vaccines, your primary source would be the
recorded video and transcript of the speech. Other examples would be autobiographies,
memoirs, diaries, personal letters, photographs, drawings, and videos.
On the other hand, a secondary data describes, interprets or analyzes information from
primary sources. It shows how the data are related to existing researches that gives more
credibility to the arguments. In continuation of the example above, you can look through
journals and scholar articles that also analyzes a president’s speeches. Secondary sources
are helpful to gain more understand about the topic and determine how other researchers
approach it. Other examples are books, personal sources, journals, newspapers, websites,
government records, dictionaries and encyclopedias, biographies and dissertations etc.
For each of the following, determine whether the given situation involves the use of
descriptive or inferential statistics.
Inferential 1 The store manager of a fast food restaurant records the quantity of products
sold during the general community quarantine and then estimates the average number of
products they will sell.
Descriptive 2 A professor ranks his students according to their final grades.
Descriptive 3 A NBA fan records the statistics(free throws, assist, three-point score, lay up,
fouls) of his favorite players
Descriptive 4 DOH constructs a graph of the recovered patients.
Inferential 5 A biologist wants to determine the effect of a vaccine by comparing the results
in three trials.
Which of the following variables are qualitative and which are quantitative? Among the
quantitative variables, which are discrete and which are continuous?
Quantitative – Discrete 1 Number of senior citizens in a certain barangay
Quantitative – Continuous 2 Number of hours spent in an online class
Qualitative 3 Car model
Quantitative – Discrete 4 SSS number
Quantitative – Continuous 5 Philhealth contribution
Quantitative – Discrete 6 Confirmed cases in NCR
Quantitative – Continuous 7 Working hours in a fastfood chain
Qualitative 8 Toothpaste brand
Quantitative – Discrete 9 Number of PPE used in a day
Qualitative 10 TV networks