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Tut 1

1. The document describes the formation of Al2O3/ZrO2 composites using the reaction bonded aluminum oxide (RBAO) process involving compacting and oxidizing a mixture of Al, Al2O3, and ZrO2 powders. It asks to calculate the porosity after oxidation and linear shrinkage after sintering if the Al is fully oxidized and the compact reaches full density. 2. It asks why He2 molecule doesn't form naturally while H2 does. 3. It asks if Si3N4 would be considered a ceramic and whether CC14, SiCl4, or SiF4 would be as well, with explanations.

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Mrigang Singh
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132 views1 page

Tut 1

1. The document describes the formation of Al2O3/ZrO2 composites using the reaction bonded aluminum oxide (RBAO) process involving compacting and oxidizing a mixture of Al, Al2O3, and ZrO2 powders. It asks to calculate the porosity after oxidation and linear shrinkage after sintering if the Al is fully oxidized and the compact reaches full density. 2. It asks why He2 molecule doesn't form naturally while H2 does. 3. It asks if Si3N4 would be considered a ceramic and whether CC14, SiCl4, or SiF4 would be as well, with explanations.

Uploaded by

Mrigang Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Consider the formation of Al2O3/ZrO2 composites by the reaction bonded aluminum oxide
(RBAO) process. An attrition-milled mixture of 45 vol% Al, 35 vol% Al2O3, and 20 vol%
ZrO2 (monoclinic phase) is compacted to a green density of 65% of the theoretical value
(35% porosity) and heated slowly to oxidize the Al prior to sintering. If the volume fraction
of Al oxidized during the milling step is zero, determine the porosity of the compact after
the oxidation step, assuming that the Al is completely oxidized. If the compact reaches full
density during the sintering step, determine the linear shrinkage of the body. State any
assumptions that you make.
2. Why does the formation of He2 molecule doesn’t happen naturally, while it is possible for
H2 molecule?
3. Would you consider Si3N4 a ceramic? How about CC14, SiCl4, or SiF4? Explain.
4. How many crystal systems would you expect in two dimensions? Draw them and
characterize them by their lattice parameters. How many Bravais lattices are there in two
dimensions?
5. Calculate the Madelung constant for an infinite chain of alternating positive and negative
ions + - + - + - and so on.
6. The fraction ionic character of a bond between elements A and B can be approximated by
Fraction ionic character = 1 – exp [-(XA-XB)2/4]
where XA and XB are the electronegativities of the respective elements.
(a) Using this expression, compute the fractional ionic character for the following
compounds: NaCl MgO, FeO, SiO2. And LiF.
(b) Explain what is meant by saying that the bonding in a solid is 50 percent ionic and 50
percent covalent.
7. Show that the minimum cation/anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 6 is 0.414.
8. Which interstitial site is larger; the tetrahedral or the octahedral? Calculate the ratio of the
sizes of the tetrahedral and octahedral sites.
9. The structure of lithium oxide has anions in cubic close packing with Li ions occupying all
tetrahedral positions.
(a) Draw the structure and calculate the density of Li2O. Hint: Oxygen ions do not touch,
but O-Li-O ions do.
(b) What is the maximum radius of a cation which can be accommodated in the vacant
interstice of the anion array in Li2O?
10. Write an equation for the formation of a nonbridging oxygen. Explain what is meant by a
nonbridging oxygen. How does one change their number? What do you expect would
happen to the properties of a glass as the number of nonbridging oxygens increases? (b)
What happens to silicates as the O/Si ratio increases.

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