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o Aviation Legislation
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Preface
::
L Thank you for purchasing the Total Training Support Integrated Training System. We are
sure you will need no other reference material to pass your EASA Part-66 exam in this Module.

These notes have been written by instructors of EASA Part-66 courses, specifically for
practitioners of varying experience within the aircraft maintenance industry, and especially those
r 1 who are self-studying to pass the EASA Part-66 exams. They are specifically designed to meet
the EASA Part-66 syllabus and to answer the questions being asked by the UK CAA in their
examinations.
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I The EASA Part-66 syllabus for each sUb-section is printed at the beginning of each of the
- chapters in these course notes and is used as the "Leaming Objectives".
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u We suggest that you take each chapter in-tum, read the text of the chapter a couple of times, if
only to familiarise yourself with the location of the information contained within. Then, using
"
I your club66pro.co.uk membership, attempt the questions within the respective sub-section,
I and continually refer back to these notes to read-up on the underpinning knowledge required to
answer the respective question, and any similar question that you may encounter on your real
.
, ,, Part-66 examination. Studying this way, with the help of the question practice and their
! .
L explanations, you will be able to master the subject piece-by-piece, and become proficient in the
subject matter, as well as proficient in answering the CAA style EASA part-66 multiple choice
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questions.
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[ 1 We regularly have a review of our training notes, and in order to improve the quality of the
L notes, and of the service we provide with our Integrated Training System, we would appreciate
your feedback, whether positive or negative.
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L So, if you discover within these course notes, any errors or typos, or any subject which is not
particularly well, or adequately explained, please tell us, using the 'contact-us' feedback page of
the club66pro.co.uk website. We will be sure to review your feedback and incorporate any
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changes necessary. We look forward to hearing from you.
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! i Finally, we appreciate that self-study students are usually also self-financing. We work very
L hard to cut the cost of our Integrated Training System to the bare minimum that we can provide,
and in making your training resources as cost efficient as we can, using, for example, mono
printing, but providing the diagrams which would be better provided in colour, on the
c1ub66pro.co.uk website. In order to do this, we request that you respect our copyright policy,
,. and refrain from copying, scanning or reprinting these course notes in any way, even for sharing
,I with friends and colleagues. Our survival as a service provider depends on it, and copyright
L
abuse only devalues the service and products available to yourself and your colleagues in the
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future, and makes them more expensive too.
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Module 10 Preface
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Module 10 Chapters

1, Regulatory Framework
2, Part-66
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, 3. Part-145
L.. 4. JAR-OPS
5. Aircraft Certification
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(a) General
L (b) Documents
6. Part-M
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7, Applicable National and International Requirements (if not superseded by EU
requirements)
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Module 10 Preface
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Module 10
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10.1 Regulatory Framework

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Copyright Notice
© Copyright. All worldwide rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, "
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any other means whatsoever: i.e.
photocopy, electronic, mechanical recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of
Total Training Support Ltd. i

Knowledge Levels - Category A, B1, B2 and C Aircraft

Maintenance Licence
L )
Basic knowledge for categories A, B1 and B2 are indicated by the aliocation of knowledge levels indicators (1,2 or
3) against each applicable subject. Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or the category B2
basic knowledge levels.
The knowledge level indicators are defined as follows:

LEVEL 1 I
!
• A familiarisation with the principal elements of the subject.
Objectives:
• The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject.
• The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and
examples.
• The applicant should be able to use typical terms. ~,

, j
LEVEL 2
• A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.
• An ability to apply that knowledge.
Objectives:
• The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject.
• The applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical
examples.
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, ,

• The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction withllhysicallaws describing the
subject.
• The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and schematics describing the
subject.
• The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures.
lj
LEVEL 3
• A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.
• A capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive L .J
manner.
Objectives:
•
•
The applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects.
The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals
", I
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and specific examples.

• The applicant should understand and be able to use mathematical formulae related to the subject.
• The applicant should be able to read, understand and prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics
describing the subject.
• The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's
instructions. ,
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• The applicant should be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply
corrective action where appropriate.
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10-2 TIS Integrated Training System , .J
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Table of Contents

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Module 10.1 Regulatory Framework _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5
International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO) 5
ICAO Aims and Objectives 6
How it Works 6
The International Standards 7
European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) 11
Purpose of EASA 12
EASA Structure 13
Aircraft Regulated by EASA 14
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Excluded Aircraft 14
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Membership of EASA 15
Relationships with Other Organizations 15
r I Principle EASA Regulations 16
Role of the Member States 19
Civil Aviation Act 1982 19.
The Air Navigation Order 2005 20
British Civil Airworthiness Requirements (BCAR) 21
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CM Relevant Publications 22
Civil Aviation Authority - Safety Regulation Group (SRG) 22
Relationship between EASA and the CM 24
,r···'. Regulation 2042/2003 and the Relationship between its Parts and Others 25
L Management of Airworthiness 26
Acronyms and Abreviations 27
Worksheet 10.1 29

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Module 10.1 Enabling Objectives i I
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Objective EASA 66 Reference Level

Role of International Civil Aviation Orqanisation; 10.1 1

Role of EASA;
Role of the Member States; " j

Relationship between Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and Part-M;

Relationship with other Aviation Authorities.

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Module 10.1 Regulatory Framework
I
L References: Airworthiness by Filippo De Florio ISBN 0-7506-5015-X
CAP 562 (CAAIPs) Leaflet 1-2
[' CAP 562 (CAAIPs) Leaflet 1-13
L EC Regulation 216/2008
EC Regulation 1702/2003
r1
, EC Regulation 2043/2003
LJ
,, http://www.icao.int
i http://www.easa.europa.eu
L http://www.caa.co.uk
r. http://eu r-Iex.eu ropa.eu

..! ' International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO)

'-'
After the Second World War
international air travel was in its
infancy, however technological
development was moving at a rapid
, ;
pace, not least because of the
i
L development of the Gas Turbine
Engine. The opportunity to transport
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many persons across long distances
L was becoming a reality, but there
were no common standards
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between countries.
'.......;

11
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:J Figure 1.1: The ICAO Headquarters in Montreal, Canada

.'
I The American Government recognised this fact and brought together the allied nations in 1944
to discuss the issue. 52 of 55 invited nations attended these talks in Chicago in November
1944. The outcome of 5 weeks of discussion was the Convention on International Civil
I Aviation. The convention consists of a preface and 96 Articles.
L
An organisation was needed to develop these articles and as a result the ICAO came into
rI '
existence in 1947, based in Montreal Canada. The ICAO is one of the many Agencies of the
L United Nations (UN).

Each member country of the ICAO is known as a 'Contracting State' due to their contractual
commitment to the Chicago Convention.
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ICAO Aims and Objectives l J

In promulgating safety and airworthiness information internationally, the aims and objectives of
the ICAO are to develop the principles and techniques of inter-national air navigation and to
foster the planning and development of international air transport so as to:

1. Ensure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world.
2. Encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes.
3. Encourage the development of airways, airports and air navigation facilities for inter-
national civil aviation. Meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular,
efficient and economical air transport.
4. Prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition.
5. Ensure that the rights of the Contracting States are fully respected and that every
Contracting State has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines.
6. Avoid discrimination between Contracting States. -,
!
7. Promote safety of flight in international air navigation. l j
8. Promote generally the development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics.
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How it Works
oOACI./~
The constitution of ICAO is the Convention on International Civil "(-0 ~/1:
Aviation, drawn up by a conference in Chicago in November and ~ "1'0
December 1944, and to which each ICAO Contracting State is a
party. According to the terms of the Convention, the Organization ".. I )
is made up of an Assembly, a Council of limited membership with
various subordinate bodies and a Secretariat. The chief officers
are the President of the Council and the Secretary General. .,.,i

Figure 1.2: The ICAO Logo

The Assembly, composed of representatives from all Contracting States, is the sovereign body
of ICAO. It meets every three years, reviewing in detail the work of the Organization and setting
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policy for the coming years. It also votes a triennial budget.

The Council, the governing body which is elected by the Assembly for a three-year term, is
composed of 36 States. The Assembly chooses the Council Member States under three
headings: States of chief importance in air transport, States which make the largest contribution
to the provision of facilities for air navigation, and States whose designation will ensure that all ~_ J
major areas of the world are represented. As the governing body, the Council gives continuing
direction to the work of ICAO. It is in the Council that Standards and Recommended Practices
are adopted and incorporated as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The
Council is assisted by the Air Navigation Commission (technical matters), the Air Transport
Committee (economic matters), the Committee on Joint Support of Air Navigation Services and
the Finance Committee.

The Secretariat, headed by a Secretary General, is divided into five main divisions: the Air n
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Navigation Bureau, the Air Transport Bureau, the Technical Co-operation Bureau, the Legal Il, __ , I

Bureau, and the Bureau of Administration and Services. In order that the work of the Secretariat
]
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shall reflect a truly international approach, professional personnel are recruited on a broad
geographical basis,

i' ICAO works in close co-operation with other members of the United Nations family such as the
L: World Meteorological Organization, the International Telecommunication Union, the Universal
Postal Union, the World Health Organization and the International Maritirne Organization. Non-
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governmental organizations which also participate in ICAO's work include the International Air
'--
Transport Association, the Airports Council International, the International Federation of Air Line
Pilots' Associations, and the International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations.
w
The International Standards
Since its creation the main achievement of ICAO has been to establish a set of standards in the
operation of a safe, regular and efficient service. Standardisation has been achieved through
the creation of 18 Annexes to the Convention, known as International Standards and
,r ~
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Recommended Practices. The difference between the two is that a standard is essential and
recommended practice is desirable. If a member state has a standard different from ICAO then
it must inform ICAO of the difference.

The 18 Annexes are described as follows:

,' Annex 1 Personnel Licensing - provides information on licensing of flight crews, air traffic
controllers, and aircraft maintenance personnel, including medical standards for
flight crews and air traffic controllers.
Annex 2 Rules of the Air - contains rules relating to visual and instrument-aided
flight.
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Annex 3 Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation - provides meteorological
L services for intemational air navigation and reporting of meteorological
,' observations from aircraft.
i
L Annex 4 Aeronautical Charts - contains specifications for the aeronautical charts used in
international aviation.

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Annex 5 Units of Measurement to be used in Air and Ground Operations - lists
dimensional systems to be used in air and ground operations.

Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft - enumerates specifications to ensure a level of safety

above a prescribed minimum in similar operations throughout the world. The three
r ' parts of this Annex are as follows:
L Part I. International Commercial Air Transport - Airplanes
Part II. International General Aviation - Airplanes
Part III. International Operations - Helicopters.
I, ~
w Annex 7 Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks - specifies requirements for
I .
registration and identification of aircraft.

L Annex 8 Airworthiness of Aircraft - specifies uniform procedures for certification and

inspection of aircraft.
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Iw Annex 9 Facilitations - provides for the standardization and simplification of border
crossing formalities.
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Annex 10 Aeronautical Telecommunications - Volume 1 provides for standardizing

communications equipment and systems, Volume 2 standardizes communications
procedures. n
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Annex 11 Air Traffic Services - includes information on establishing and operating
ATC, flight information, and alerting services.
, ,J
Annex 12 Search and Rescue - provides information on organization and operation
of facilities and services necessary for search and rescue (SAR).

Annex 13 Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation - provides for uniformity in

notifying, investigating, and reporting on aircraft accidents.
Annex 14 Aerodromes - contains specifications for the design and equipment of
aerodromes.
Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Services - includes methods for collecting and ~,_,J

disseminating aeronautical information required for flight operations.

Annex 16 Environmental Protection "
, !

Volume 1 contains specifications for aircraft noise certification, noise

monitoring, and noise exposure units for land-use planning,
Volume 2 contains specifications for aircraft engine emissions.
Annex 17 Security - Safeguarding International Civil Aviation against Acts of
Unlawful Interference - specifies methods for safeguarding international civil
aviation against unlawful acts of interference.
Annex 18 The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air - specifies requirements
necessary to ensure hazardous materials are safely transported in aircraft while
providing a level of safety that protects the aircraft and its occupants from undue
risk.
c....!
Because aeronautical technology is continuously developing, the Annexes are constantly
reviewed and updated when necessary. The typical content of an Annex is based upon:

1. Standards intended as specifications when their application is considered as necessary

for the safety and regularity of international air navigation.
2. Recommended practices intended as specifications when their application is considered
as a recommendation in the interest of safety, regularity, and efficiency of international
air navigation.
3. Appendices dealing with the preceding points.
4. Definitions of the used terminology.
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The Contracting States have issued requirements not strictly copying the contents of the Annex, l.

which essentially state some of the principles or objectives to aUain. These national
requirements contain the requirements used to reach the objectives. Furthermore, while the
principles can remain the same, the requirements are often influenced by the state of the art
(technical evolution, new technology, and acquired experience), and they are then likely to be
improved and amended.

1
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The applicable EASA airworthiness standards for the certification of aircraft to be internationally
recognized are issued in accordance with the ICAO Annexes. Then, from a practical point of
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view, the certification process is based on these airworthiness standards rather than (directly)
, on the ICAO International Standards.
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For the licensed engineer Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft, Annex 8 Airworthiness of Aircraft and
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European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)

Prior to 2003 control of the aviation industry in an ICAO member state was
i executed by the National Aviation Authority (NAA) of that state. In the United
Kingdom this was the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). The CAA still exists and
will be discussed following this topic.

EASA was created by the adoption of a European Parliament and Council

.( . , Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 of 15 July 2002. This regulation, now amended
I
LJ by Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, put in place a European Community system
of air safety and environmental protection. EASA is the agency which creates
,. implementing regulations that satisfy the requirements of 216/2008 which is
I

~, known as the Basic Regulation.

Prior to EASA being formed there was a European organization called the Joint ~viation
Authorities (JAA». This was an organization of various European states that standardized their
regulations, in accordance with the ICAO Annexes. Upon formation of EASA it was stated that
, ;
EASA would take over all functions of the JAA. By 2010 the JAA will cease to exist, however all
of the regulations produced by the JAA are being incorporated into EASA regulations.
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The JAA was dissolved in June 2009. Therefore the JAA no
longer exists, and all the Joint Aviation RegUlations (JARs)
have been superseded by equivalent EASA Regulations.

The major difference between the JAA and EASA is that the
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JAA regulations were not legally binding on NAAs. EASA
I
regulations are part of the legally binding law of the
L.; European Parliament, formed by the Treaty of Rome. All
,. members of the EU are signed up to this treaty; therefore
EASA regulations have the force of law within member
states.

EASA is now fully operational and is based in Cologne,

( . Germany.
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(. Figure 1.3: The EASA office
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building in Cologne

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Purpose of EASA 'r
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The European Aviation Safety Agency is the centrepiece of the European Union's strategy for r-,
aviation safety. EASA's mission is to promote the highest common standards of safety and f
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environmental protection in civil aviation.
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EASA's tasks are as follows :, ,i
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1. To assist the European Commission in preparing legislation, and support the Member ,
States and industry in putting the legislation into effect. i
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2. To assist the European Commission in monitoring the application of European
Community legislation.
3. To adopt its own certification specification and guidance material, conduct technical
inspections, and issue certificates where centralized action is more efficient.

The Agency will develop its know-how in all the fields of aviation safety and environmental
protection in order to assist Community legislators in the issuing of common rules for:

• The certification of aeronautical products, parts, and appliances.

• The approval of organizations and personnel engaged in the maintenance of these
products. '1
• The approval of air operations. ,!
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• The licensing of aircrew.
• The safety oversight of airports and air traffic services operators. ,:
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L.: EASA Structure
The National Aviation Authorities of the EU member states (for example the UK CM), are
known as EASA Competent Authorities (CAs). The Competent Authorities are still responsible
for administering and enforcing the Rules and Regulations produced by EASA.
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The CAs are also responsible for maintaining an individual register of aircraft for their state, and
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a register of organizations (such as airline companies operating under an Air Operator's
r • Certificate (AOC)) situated in their territories.
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Rulemaking Director
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lnternationai Cooperation
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L Envi ronmental Protection

L flight Standards

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ATM I Airport
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Process Support

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Legal

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Figure 1.4: The EASA administrative structure
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Aircraft Regulated by EASA

All aircraft are covered by 216/2008 except for those excluded by Article 1 of 216/2008 which
comprises those engaged in military, customs, police or similar services. In addition Appendix II
of 216/2008 also excludes historical aircraft which are very few in number, experimental aircraft.
homebuilt aircraft, microlight aircraft, gliders of very light weight and very light unmanned
aircraft.

The definition of the word aircraft is found in article 2 of EU Regulation No 2042/2003 as n

follows:
>

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'aircraft' means any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the
reactions of the air other than reactions of the air against the earth's surface :. J

n,
Excluded Aircraft , t

• Military Customs Police (Government Aircraft)

:... 1
Annex II aircraft:
.-,,

• Historic aircraft or aircraft having a l i

historical significance such as
- a participation in a noteworthy
historical event, or
- a major step in the development
of aviation, or
a major role played into the
armed forces of a Member State;
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• Aircraft specifically designed or modified
for research, experimental or scientific n
purposes, and likely to be produced in : i
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very limited numbers;
Figure 1.5: Homebuilt aircraft, like this 90% scale
Spitfire, are "EASA exempt" under Annex II
of the Basic Regulation and are therefore
maintained and flown under National regulations

• Aircraft of which at least 51 % is built by an amateur, or a non-profit making association

of amateurs, for their own purposes and without any commercial objective;

• Aircraft that have been in the service of military forces, unless the aircraft is of a type for
J
which a design standard has been adopted by the Agency; n
.J
• Aeroplanes, helicopters and powered parachutes having no more than two seats, and a
maximum take-off mass (MTOM), of between 300 - 495 kg depending on type

10-14 Module 10.1 Regulatory Framework TIS Integrated Training System

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• Aeroplanes, having the stall speed or the minimum steady flight speed in landing
configuration not exceeding 35 knots calibrated air speed (CAS);
, '~

• Single and two-seater gyroplanes with a maximum take off mass not exceeding 560 kg;

• Gliders with a maximum empty mass, of no more than 80 kg when single-seat or 100 kg
when two-seat, including those which are foot launched;

( , Membership of EASA
i EASA comprises the 27 European Union (EU) States plus four states from within Europe who
'-'
are not EU members, namely Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Lichtenstein.
, '
!
I
~ Relationships with Other Organizations
The EASA works closely with representatives of other organizations to ensure that it takes
their views into account. Examples are shown below:

1. Interested parties in industry, which are subject to rules drafted by the EASA, are pivotal
in ensuring the success of civil aviation safety standards by assisting in the drafting and
L correct application of European Community and EASA rules. European aviation
( . authorities perform a critical role in assisting the EASA with the performance of its core
I rulemaking, certification, and standardization functions.

2. International aviation organizations such as the Joint Aviation Authorities, EUROCON-

TROL, and the International Civil Aviation Organization work together with the EASA to
promote international civil aviation standards.

3. International aviation authorities such as the Federal Aviation Administration, Transport

Canada, DAC/CTA (Brazil), and the Interstate Aviation Committee (Russia) work with the
,.
I
EASA to ensure compliance with international standards and to facilitate trade in aero-
I nautical products.
L

r : 4. Of particular note at this time is the imminent trilateral agreement between EASA, FAA
and Transport Canada to release to service components certified by these organizations
in each others country, without the Form 1 (or 8130-3) having a dual release
, : requirement.
,

l.i
5. Accident investigation bodies issue safety recommendations and analysis that guide the
I . agency's safety strategy.
L
r .

( .
I
L
( !
, .
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( ,
L TIS Integrated Training System
Module 10.1 Regulatory Framework
10-15
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Integrated Training System c-;

Designed in association with the

, J
i
clubl3Gpro.co uk Question practice aid

Principle EASA Regulations

EASA Regulations are written and issued, by EASA, for and on behalf of the EU parliament. ~,

Once done so, they are written into the Official Joumal of the European Union. This Journal
can be viewed online at http://eur-Iex.europa.eu.

The drafting and approval of rules ("rulemaking") is a lengthy process, and involvement of the
EU National Aviation Authorities (NAAs) is maintained throughout via its Advisory Group of
National Authorities (AGNA). ..,
i
L j

Basic. Regulation
~
,

(Ee) No 216/2008
~
, i
I
l J

Implementing rules Implementing rules

R.gula!ion No 170212003 R. gul.tlo" No 204212003

Fer mit air.l,-vttt)lness (lAd envl[<lnp)8l'll;;;,1 On the cDntinwno >3Jf1h'{)rtiilness (If ,~!f1:::fan
CfJri:ficatior; <A ai(cm~l Dnd roluWd fJmdlJc~&, itrtd aerot1<1uhc.;il prndacts, parts .t'irld
~:aH5 (tIKi appliances. as Wl!!t as fOl the apphl\fice:;, and Of) ~he approval 01
<

CBriik::illOfl of de-stnn «nd pfodHdlt~!i moal)lsalJons and personnel involved If)

CtgJDlsotions, tt~e tasks

!
,. 1
Accepl.ble m•• ns of compliance lAMe);

n
P.rI 21 CcttificaU011 specificatlons
Guidance Material fGM)

/ tux;,g{)lfI,1)llJ nH)aflS of c()mpliilm~e iAMCl .1 Pi:!.ri M - COf1iif}lJlflg ALrwofth!ness I ... J

'Guidaooe materi(ll iGMl , PHfl-145 ~ Mllin1fJf1AHCe Org:lmi$i\hOrtS

Approvals .,._ 1,

\I PBrt·66 - Cer1jf~ng stHff

II Pl1rt-141 - Tftlining orgalli-tt8ti-ons

req II in:rne:nts

Figure 1.6: EASA Regulation Structure "I

j
Each Part consists of two sub-sections, A and B.
~
,
Sub-section A contains the implementing rules for personnel and organization.

Sub-section B contains implementing rules to enable the Competent Authorities of EASA to

carryout their duties. ~ ..J

The SUb-section paragraphs can be recognized by the inclusion of the letters 'A' or 'B' as "I
appropriate in the paragraph number, such as 66.A.15, and 66.B.15. '", ~'
I

10-16 TIS Integrated Training System

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,[ ' Integrated Training System

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,,
! '
, (EC) Regulation No 216/2008 - The Basic Regulation (Superseding 1592/2002)
L..
The basic regulation establishes common essential requirements to provide for a high uniform
level of civil aviation safety, It establishes EASA Article 1 and annex II defines those aircraft
[ !
(types and roles) not covered by this regulation,

The amended regulation 21612008 further established regulations regarding:

r :
i I

~
• Flight Crew Licensing (EU FCl)
• Air Operations (EU OPS) previously known as JAR OPS 1

(EC) Regulation No 1702/2003 - The Implementing Regulation for Certification

1702/2003 contains Part-21 the implementing rules for certification of aircraft and environmental
i ' standards,
'-'

To provide detailed assistance to manufacturers Certification Specifications (CS) are also

provided to amplify this regulation, These are currently:

r
i
~ • CS-22 (Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes)
L • CS-23 (Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Aeroplanes)
• CS-25 (large Aeroplanes)
r! ' • CS-27 (Small Rotorcraft)
• CS-29 (large Rotorcraft)
• CS-31 HB (Hot Air Balloons)
r 1
• CS-34 (Aircraft Engine Emissions and Fuel Venting)
• CS-36 (Aircraft Noise)
,i '
;
• CS-APU (Auxiliary Power Units)
!
W
I • CS-AWO (All Weather Operations)
• CS-E (Engines)
• CS-ETSO (European Technical Standard Orders)
• CS-Definitions (Definitions and Abbreviations)
• CS-P (Propellers)
r, 1
• CS-VlA (Very Light Aeroplanes)
L • CS-VlR (Very Light Rotorcraft)
• AMC-20 (General Acceptable Means of Compliance for Airworthiness of Products, Parts
! '

l and Appliances)
L.
These are also known as "airworthiness codes" and are based upon (and in most cases are
,
i i identical to) the JAA codes which they replace,

CS-Definitions (Definitions and Abbreviations) is a somewhat special case to note, since it is not
Iw a design code as such, but does clarify the standard terminology and abbreviations used in the
industry and standardizes understanding across all EU nations, For example, the exact
meanings of "Aeroplane" and "Aircraft" are described,
,C "1 .

L
r 1

TIS Integrated Training System 10-17

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dubGGpro,co uk question practice· aid

(EC) Regulation No 2042/2003 - The Implementing Regulation for Continued

Airworthiness

Consists of 4 Annexes: ---:

,j
Annex I Part-M Management of Continuing Airworthiness
Approval of Maintenance Organisations Commercial and 'I'
Annex II Part-145 ,, ,

Large Aircraft
Annex III Part-66 Licensing of Aircraft Maintenance Engineers and Certifying
Staff :_ J
Annex IV Part-147 Approval of Training Organisations

To assist organisations and individuals to comply with this regulation Acceptable Means of
Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM) is provided where applicable, relevant to the
appropriate annex paragraph.
" i:
:'

i
,_J
If an organisation wishes to achieve compliance with a regulation by some alternative to the
AMC as published, then it can do so providing it can demonstrate that the alternative method of il
,
compliance is acceptable to the relevant National Aviation Authority.

Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM)

'l
The term Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) as referred to in Articles 18 and 19 of the J
Basic Regulation and its implementing rules is primarily used to qualify technical interpretative
material to be used in the EASA certification process. In this respect, the AMC serve as means
by which the certification requirements contained in the Basic Regulation, and its implementing
n
ij
rules, and more specifically in their annexes (also referred as "Parts"), can be met by the
applicant.

Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM) illustrate a means, but
not the only means, by which a requirement contained in an EASA airworthiness code or an
implementing rule of the Basic Regulation, can be met. An applicant correctly implementing an
AMC/GM issued by EASA is assured of acceptance of compliance.
,n ,,
As such published acceptable means of compliance I guidance material are not the only means . .1
to show compliance, the applicant may decide to show compliance by other means. When so
doing it does not need to justify why an alternative is used, but the burden of proof that the
requirement is met relies entirely with it.

,...,
, i
'.I

", I
lJ

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, I
, ,
Integrated Training System
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I ;
'- Role of the Member States
r 1 Each member state has a National Aviation Authority (NAA). In the UK it
i i is the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). This discussion uses the CAA as a
typical example.

The CAA was set up in 1972 to bring together the regulation of civil
aviation within one body. The Civil Aviation Act of 1972 established the
r i CAA as the body that governs aviation in the UK.
,
; I
,
~

, ',
.

L
Civil Aviation Act 1982
The Civil Aviation Act 1982, which consolidated many earlier enactments, is now the
principal Act of Parliament which regulates civil aviation activities in the United Kingdom.
: '
!

Section 3 of the Act specifies the functions of the CAA, which include:

Those functions conferred on it, by the Civil Aviation Act with respect to:

• The licensing of air transport;

! '
L • The licensing of the provision of accommodation in aircraft;
• The provision of air navigation services;
,, • The operation of aerodromes and the provision of assistance and information.
L
Those functions conferred on it by, or under, the Air Navigation Order with
respect to:

• The registration of aircraft;

r • • The safety of air navigation and aircraft (including airworthiness);
i • The control of air traffic;
L.;
• The certification of operators of aircraft;
,, , • The licensing of air crews and aerodromes.

To give effect to UK membership of ICAO, Section 60(2) of the Act states that:
,, ,

U 'An Air Navigation Order (ANO) may contain such provision as appears to Her Majesty in
Council to be requisite or expedient:
I •
L a) for carrying out the Chicago Convention, any Annex thereto relating to
international standards and recommended practices (being an Annex adopted in
,
[
accordance with the Convention) and any amendment of the Convention or any
such Annex made in accordance with the Convention; or
b) generally for regulating air navigation.'

, 1

TIS Integrated Training System 10-19

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In layman's terms this means that the UK shall conform to the Chicago Convention and that any "l
changes to the regulations can be made by use of the Air Navigation Order. The ANO is Law. •J

Appropriate amendments are being made on an ongoing basis to the UK Air Navigation Order
to take account of the changes brought about by the implementation of the EC Regulations.
Changes to BCAR will also be made where necessary. Some aircraft are not within the scope of
the EC Regulation and these require the retention of existing UK legislation. Maintenance : i
l __ .i
standards in the UK are contained in a number of documents, e.g. CAP 562 - Civil Aircraft
Airworthiness Information and Procedures, CAP 411/412 - Light Aircraft Maintenance Scheme
(LAMS), these standards remain applicable to UK Registered aircraft until adoption of
equivalent European Standards.
r-,

The Air Navigation Order 2005 ,

L.-.J
i
'
The ANO is the principal Statutory Instrument regulating air navigation. The AND
Section 1 comprises Parts (which are further divided into 168 Articles) and 15 Schedules:

PART 1 Registration and Marking of Aircraft

PART 2 Air Operators' Certificates

PART 3 Airworthiness and Equipment of Aircraft "i

i
_._J

PART 4 Aircraft Crew and Licensing

I
PART 5 Operation of Aircraft l j

PART 6 Fatigue of Crew and Protection of Crew from Cosmic Radiation n

,i
L,_--,

PART 7 Documents and Records

PART 8 Movement of Aircraft

PART 9 Air Traffic Services l

',_ J

PART 1D Licensing of Air Traffic Controllers ,-,

i
PART 11 Flight information services and Licensing of Flight information Service Officers U
~
, .
PART 12 Air Traffic Service Equipment I
~ j

PART 13 Airdromes, Aeronautical Lights and Dangerous Lights

(l
i
PART 14 General
~

I i
L!
An up-ta-date copy of the ANO can be viewed online at
http://www.opsi.gov.uk/silsi2DD5/2D051970.htm
nJ
,~_.

-,
10-20 TIS Integrated Training System
I I
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• J
 ,,' !

, '
Integrated Training System
!
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British Civil Airworthiness Requirements (BCAR)

r' BCAR comprise the minimum requirements, and administrative requirements that form the basis
I of manufacture of aircraft; the approval of equipment; the approval of design, manufacturing and
L
maintenance organizations; the approval of personnel; certification and continued airworthiness
r i
procedures. BCAR are guidance material to show how to comply with the ANO.
W
"

BCAR set out, within the framework of current aeronautical knowledge, mandatory, imperative,
I ' and permissive objectives to allow those concerned with the design, manufacture and
maintenance of aircraft, to show possible alternative methods of compliance with the BCAR
which would offer equivalent airworthiness

Since 2003 many of the procedures in the AND and BCAR have been superseded by
EASA regulations and Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material (AMCI
GM). However with respect to those aircraft excluded from EU Regulation No 21612008
the AND and BCAR continue to be applicable.

r' BCAR are subdivided as follows:

!
~

• Section A Airworthiness Procedures Where the CM Has Primary Responsibility

I
,
.~
for Type Approval of the Product (CAP 553)
L...,
• Section B Airworthiness Procedures Where the CM Does Not Have Primary
r. Responsibility for Type Approval of the Product (CAP 554)
"
L
• Section L Licensing (CAP 468)
, '

• Section Q Non Rigid Airships (CAP 471)

• Section R Radio (CAP 472)

• Section S Small Light Aeroplanes (CAP 482)

• Section T Light Gyroplanes (CAP 943)

r '
L • Section VLH Very Light Helicopters (CAP 750)

• BCAR 31 Manned Free Balloons (CAP 494)

( "

r ,

, '
I
iJ TIS Integrated Training System 10-21
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CAA Relevant Publications

The CAA continues to have a responsibility to publish UK standards on technical and i
administrative matters concerning airworthiness. The publications are known as Civil Aviation , i
L _J
Publications (CAP). They are all available from the CAA's appointed publisher TSO (The
Stationery Office) Ltd.

Those of particular interest to licensed engineers are shown below:

~

i \
• CAP 747 Mandatory Requirements for Airworthiness !
l.
:
.1
• CAP 562 Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Information and Procedures (CAAIPs)
• CAP 520 Light Aircraft Maintenance ,~ ,
I
',._,
, '

Note that Airworthiness Notices (CAP 455) have been cancelled and are now
contained in CAP 747 and CAP 562

Civil Aviation Authority - Safety Regulation Group (SRG)

One of the primary responsibilities bestowed upon the CAA by the Civil Aviation Act and the Air L__ J
Navigation Order, is the certification and approval of those aircraft and their constituent parts
which are not covered by Regulation (EC) 216/2008. This function is carried out by the Safety
Regulation Group (SRG) based in Aviation House, Gatwick Airport South i
._ J
I

SRG comprises the following Divisions: i

i r
, J
• Air Traffic Standards Division - ATS Operations and ATS Strategy and Standards.

• Airworthiness Division - Aircraft Certification Department, Applications and Approvals

Department, Strategy and Policy Department and Survey Department.

• Flight Operations Division - Flight Operations Inspectorate Department, Flight

Operations Policy Department and Flight Operations Strategy.

• Licensing Standards Division - Aerodrome Standards Department, Human Factors,

Personnel Licensing Department, Safety Investigation and Data Department and Medical
Department.

SRG also prescribes airworthiness procedures based on the current legislation, approves all
organizations which fall outside Regulation (EC) 216/2008 (see BCAR Section A, SUb-Section
A8) and Maintenance and Production Organizations which fall within 216/2008, and issues
I
, J

licences to Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (subject to examination), to whom privileges are

given to certify work done and issue maintenance certificates on specified types of aircraft,
engines and systems.

Since 2003 the CAA has been the National Aviation Authority (NAA) of the UK. It is known to
EASA as the Competent Authority (CA) of the UK. To this end the CAA implements rules made
by EASA and regulates and implements rules for NON EASA aircraft. ,i
"J

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'. !
 !I' !

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EXlemal Relations

~',BuBiru,ss Planning & PeITarmance

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"I ,
~

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[
L..
r .,
! '

IU

L
['
f

L
:;
L
r:
L
r '
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c..:
Figure 1,7: SRG administration (correct at November 2009)
r1
LJ

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L

r"
I
l...

i
L
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l;

TIS Integrated Training System 10-23

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, .,_J

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••. J
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Relationship between EASA and the CAA

Since the amendment to the ANO adopting EASA regulations into UK law the CAA has -,
effectively become the servant of EASA. Whilst EASA make regulations the CAA implement I
,
:
I
L. i
them on behalf of EASA the CAA is referred to by EASA as 'the competent authority' for the
United Kingdom. Non EU organizations must apply directly to EASA in Cologne for approvals
etc but for any organization or individual in the UK seeking approval or licensing then they must
approach the CAA.
n
1
It must be remembered that the CAA continue to exercise authority for those aircraft not l.,_j
governed by EU Regulation No 216/2008 (The Basic Regulation).

The following table reprinted from CAAIPs Leaflet 1-2 summarizes the relationship between the
CAA and EASA regulations. Each row represents the legal equivalents in the UK and EC
legislative systems. c-,

United Kingdom European Community

:, I .
n
I ,
Legislation. UK Parliament lJ
Create and Civil Aviation Act European Parliament
empower Civil Aviation Authority Council Regulation 216/2008 n
European Aviation Safety Agency I i
, J
Annex I Essential Requirement
Annex II Excluded Aircraft n
i
Council Regulation 1643/2003 U
Council Regulation 1701/2003
NB: Council Regulation 21612008 :r
: I
replaced Council Regulation 1592/2002 U
On 8 April 2008.

Requirements. European Commission

Binding by law . UK Parliament Commission Regulation 1702/2003
Air Navigation Order Part-21 -,
I
. Commission Regulation 2042/2003 . J
, Annex I Part-M
Annex II Part-145 In
Annex III Part-66 :. _J
I
Annex IV Part-147
Acceptable Means of British Civil European Aviation Safety Agency
Compliance (AMC) and Airworthiness Certification Specification
guidance material (GM). Requirements CS 23, CS 25, CS 27 AMC, GM, etc.
Not binding by
law

"L.J
, I

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 "I I

Integrated Training System

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Regulation 2042/2003 and the Relationship between its Parts and

Others
L Regulation 2042/2003 has four annexes as previously noted: Part-M Part-145 Part-66 and Part-
147.
r'
, ,
LJ The regulation and its four parts are integral to airworthiness. The following diagram will assist
in understanding how they interrelate.

I'
I
L... Part-M
I'
L
" Part-145
I:
Owner <==> Maintenance
Organisation
I
Part-66
Certifying Staff

L D
.......,.,- .., Approvals
"
;,;.:
••.• i:
,. .. ."..
I
I
'--
EU FCL
&
Part-21
1
EUOPS Part-147
,,r ~ Design, Manufacture and
,
Training Organisation
Certification of New
L Requirements
Products
r' ,

L
LJ ---~

Certification
Specifications
(CS)
r'
L
I '
Figure 1.8: EASA (EC) Regulation 2042/2003 relationships
L

L
.
I
,

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I'
TIS Integrated Training System 10-25
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An owner or a leesor must have a management organization approved under Part-M

Sub Part G to manage the airworthiness of his aircraft. The Part-M organization is
responsible for contracting and monitoring the activities of those Part-145 or Part-M Sub
Part F Approved organizations who carry out maintenance on aircraft and its t
.. J
components.

Part-145 organisations require Licensed Engineers to carry out release to service functions. 1• J
These engineers are licensed by Part-55. To achieve the standards required by Part-55
engineers have to attend training courses of various standards at Part-147 Approved training n
schools. ,i .\
,J
Part-145 and Part-M organizations require liaison with Part-21 Design organizations to enable ~
i i
repairs to be approved in accordance with Certification Specification exemplified by CS 25 ,,. J'I
!

(large aeroplanes).
,I
Finally flight crews have an airworthiness responsibility under Part-M in that they-can be trained i i
L...J
to carry out pre flights, which are a Part-M function.

If the Owner is conducting business in the commercial air transport field then he must hold an
EU Ops approval (also known as an Air Operators Certificate (AOC)). In this case the Part-M
approval is issued in conjunction with his AOC. He cannot have an AOC without a :-':
Part-M. ·j
Loss of any associated approval (Part-145 etc) under Part-M would therefore entail loss of
Part-M and his AOC. He would be effectively grounded.

From the above it should be seen that the purpose this regulation is to ensure airworthiness, the
practical effect of failing to comply will ultimately cause the business to be grounded. l
-,
I
Management of Airworthiness I
l.J
i

All EASA regulated aircraft are subject to the regulation. That is they must comply with
conditions for continued airworthiness "I
, I

I J

How this is achieved is a different matter In respect of management of airworthiness: ,.,

, I

All large aircraft and multi engine helicopters must be managed by a Part-M Sub Part G :j
Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation (CAMO)
'i I

For CAT the AOC holder must be Part-M sub part G approved in addition to EU OPS approved • j

For small aircraft (GA) there is a choice. I

I J

• The owner may do it.

• A licensed engineer contracted by the owner may do it, or
• The owner may contract a Part-M Sub Part G (CAMO) to do it.

See Module 10.6 for Part-M information I

i ,

10-26 Module 10.1 Regulatory Framework TIS Integrated Training System ~.J
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, I
 "I'
I, 'I

r,
, Integrated Training System
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Acronyms and Abbreviations

r:
I
L
AGNA Advisory Group of National Authorities - A sub-committee of EASA

I . AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance - Interpretive material for the EASA

i I
~ Implementing Rules (See also GM)

,
. ', ANO Air Navigation Order - The UK's Statutory Instrument for Air Law, Published by
1
w
i
Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and in loose-leaf version by the CM as
CAP 393,
r;
I
w AOC Air Operator's Certificate - Awarded to an operator by the CM to show
compliance with EU-OPS.

L ATS Air Traffic Standards.

BCAR British Civil Airworthiness Requirements - The UK's National Requirements for all
EASA exempt UK registered aircraft.

CA Competent Authority of EASA - The National Aviation Authority (NM) of an EU

Member State.

,r : CM Civil Aviation Authority - The UK's National Aviation authority and Competent
L Authority of EASA

CMIP Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Information and Procedures - A non-mandatory and

non-quotable document, published by the CM as CAP 592
rI : Civil Aviation Publication - The CM's documentation numbering system.
CAP
L
CAMO Continued Airworthiness Management Organization - A Part-M Sub Part G

L organisation

CS Certification Specification - EASA Design and Airworthiness Codes

r'
L EASA European Aviation Safety Agency

I'
I , EC European Commission
w

EU European Union
L FM Federal Aviation Administration - The National Aviation Authority (NM) of the
United States of America.
L FCL Flight Crew Licensing
i
GA General Aviation - Activity and operation of aircraft of MTOM less than 5700 kg.
L
r'
i I
LJ TIS Integrated Training System 10-27
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:J

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Ij

GM Guidance Material - Interpretive material for the EASA Implementing Rules (See
also AM C)
n
lATA International Air Transport Association

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation

JAA Joint Aviation Authorities - The predecessor of EASA, now dissolved.

JAR Joint Aviation Regulations - Aviation regulations devised and promulgated by ;"",
, I
EASA and implemented into all JAA member states. Now superseded by EASA
Regulations and Implementing Rules.
II

MTOM Maximum Take-Off Mass

n
MTWA Maximum Take-off Weight Authorized (now replaced by MTOM in metric system)

NAA National Aviation Authority - the aviation authority of any individual state

SRG Safety Regulation Group - A sub-group of the UK eAA.

UK The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island.

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UN United Nations

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10-28 Module 10.1 Regulatory Framework TIS Integrated Training System

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r' Integrated Training System

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f 1

L Worksheet 10.1
Use the following worksheet to revise your knowledge. It may require you to investigate some of
the references quoted at the beginning of this section. However most of the information is
contained in this document.

L 1 What is the function of EASA?

L..
2. To whom is the Agency accountable?
r

r" ; 3. When did the Agency take over the responsibility of rules and procedures for operations
- and crew licensing?

4. What is the Competent Authority of the UK known as?

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5. Which organisation approves a UK company to maintain aircraft?
~

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U 6. Which organisation approves a non-EU based company to maintain aircraft?

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7. What is ICAO; where and when was it formed?
1'"'1
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8. Which aircraft are excluded from EASA?
L
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9. What is the current number of the basic regulation?

10. How does the current basic regulation differ from the original?
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.1
11. What is (EC) Regulation 2042/2003 concerned with and what are its 4 annexes called? ·: ,I

12. What is (EC) Regulation 1702/2003 concerned with and what are the certification
n
standards contained within it?

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13. The Implementing Rules (IR) contain AMC and GM. What are AMC and GM?
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14. What Organisation in an EU state approves a company to maintain Aircraft?

15. What Organisation approves a company under Part-M or Part-147 if that company's main
place of business is outside the EU?

16. Which four former JM members are now treated as members of EASA even though they 1
are not members of the EU? " J

17. Which organisation can issue approval for design of a product or type certification of a
,-,
new aircraft in EU states? I
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18. What is CAP 747 concerned with? i I
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19. When would it be appropriate to refer to BCARs?
1
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20. Why is the ANO still relevant to the UK industry when we are complying with EASA I
issued regulations? .1

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21. What is the function of the UK CM SRG? l !

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10-30 Module 10.1 Regulatory Framework TIS Integrated Training System :j
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TTS Integrated
Training System~
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Module 10

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Aviation Legislation
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10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff -
L Maintenance
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2-1
Use and/of disclosure is
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Copyright Notice
© Copyright. All worldwide rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any other means whatsoever: i.e. Ii
.J
photocopy, electronic, mechanical recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of
Total Training Support Ltd. n
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Knowledge Levels - Category A, B1, B2 and C Aircraft
n
Maintenance Licence ,
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Basic knowledge for categories A, B1 and B2 are indicated by the allocation of knowledge levels indicators (1, 2 or
3) against each applicable subject. Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or the category B2
basic knowledge levels.
The knowledge level indicators are defined as follows:

LEVEL 1 n,
,

• A familiarisation with the principal elements of the subject. LJ

Objectives:
• The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject.
• The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and
examples.
• The applicant should be able to use typical terms.
n
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LEVEL 2
• A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.
• An ability to apply that knowledge.
Objectives:
• The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject.
• The applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical
, J
examples.
• The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws describing the
subject. 'I
• The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and schematics describing the "I
subject.
• The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures.

LEVEL 3
l
• A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.
• A capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive
manner.
Objectives:
• The applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects. 'l
, '
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• The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals
and specific examples.
~

• The applicant should understand and be able to use mathematical formulae related to the subject. , I

• The applicant should be able to read, understand and prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics . -'I
describing the subject.
• The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's
instructions.
• The applicant should be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply
corrective action where appropriate.
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Table of Contents
,. Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance ........................................................... 7
Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 7
General ................................................................................................................................. 7
Age Limitation ....................................................................................................................... 7
Experience requirements ...................................................................................................... 7
Categories of license ............................................................................................................. 7
I .
! Category A. ........................................................................................................................... 7
u Category B ............................................................................................................................ 8
Category C ........................................................................................................................... 8
Certification Privileges .......................................................................................................... 9
Category A ............................................................................................................................ 9
r" , Category B1.......................................................................................................................... 9
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Category B2 .......................................................................................................................... 9
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Category C ........................................................................................................................... 9
Limitation of Privileges .......................................................................................................... 9
·I ' .
Medical ............................................................................................................................... 10
L
The Basic License - Knowledge Requirements ................................................................. 10
·i ~ , Extension to the Basic License ........................................................................................... 10
L, Exemption from Knowledge Requirements ........................................................................ 10
, I The Category A Basic License ............................................................................................ 11
i
U Category A Training Routes ............................................................................................... 11
The Category B.1 Basic License ......................................................................................... 12
,, . Category B.1 Training Routes ..................... : ...................................................................... 12
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The Category B.2 Basic License .... ·.. ·.............................................. ·=cc.................. ·........ · 13
I1 Category B2 Training Routes ............................................................................................. 14
L The Category C Basic License ............................................................................................ 15
Category C Training Routes ............................................................................................... 15
I .
Knowledge Requirements for Category C .......................................................................... 15
L Type Ratings ......................................................................................................................... 17
I . General ............................................................................................................................... 17
L Type Training for B1 B2 or C Category Licenses ............................................................... 17
Part-147 Approved Type Course ........................................................................................ 17
,. Type Experience ................................................................................................................. 18
I .
L Type Training for C License Holders .................................................................................. 18
Group Type Ratings ........................................................................................................... 18
I 1
Examination Standards and Requirements ....................................................................... 19
L Examination by the Competent Authority ........................................................................... 19
,, . Examination by an Approved Part-147 Organisation .......................................................... 20
L, Applying for the License ..................................................................................................... 21
When You Have Your License ............................................................................................ 21
I : Renewal ............................................................................................................................. 21
'-"' The Pages of the Licence .................................................................................................... 22

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Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................. 25

Worksheet 10.2 ..................................................................................................................... 29
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2-4 Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System L _J

Use and/or disclosure is

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,.
l...; Module 10.2 Enabling Objectives
i • Obiective EASA 66 Reference Level

Detailed understanding of Part-66. 10.2 2

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Intentionally Blank

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2-6 TTS Integrated Training System

Module 10.2 Part-55 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance'
© Copyright 2010
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on page 2 of this chapter
 "I I

I .
Integrated Training System
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Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance
i
References: CAP 562 (CAAIPs) Leaflet 15-1
L CAP 562 (CAAIPs) Leaflet 15-2
CAP 562 (CAAIPs) Leaflet 15-3
i1 CAP 562 (CAAIPs) Leaflet 15-4
L..
EC Regulation 2043/2003 Annex III (IR Part-66) and its AMCIGM
,
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Engineer's Licensing Guidance Document (ELGD) (caa.co.uk)
!
Introduction
i .
General
L
Part-66 is the name given to Annex III of EC Regulation 2042/2003 and is concerned with the
,. licensing of Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (AMEs). Part-66 came into force on 29 November
!
,
L.. 2003, but various derogations allowed the regulation not to be mandatory until September 2006
for large aircraft (MTOW > 5700 Kg), or September 2008 for light aircraft (MTOW< 5700Kg).
r : Part-66 is the Aircraft Maintenance Licence (AML) requirement for all EASA member States. All
L staff issuing Certificates of Release to Service in accordance with Part 145.A.50 are required to
be licensed in accordance with Part-66; they will hold a Basic License and a type specific
,r ' license. In addition there are experience and age requirements. An AME can hold multiple
L categories of license and of multiple types.

!' Age Limitation

,
~
The minimum age to hold a Part-66 license is 18. The minimum age to certify with it is 21.
r '
Experience requirements
Experience requirements are many and varied depending on the type of basic training and
! . previous experience gained. It may be a little as 1 year or as much as 5 years. The key points
L will be discussed under the general heading for each license category. For detailed information
refer to EASA Part-66 or the CAA published Engineer's Licensing Guidance Document (ELGD).
,
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L Categories of license
The categories within the AML are:
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Category A Maintenance Certifying Mechanic
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Category B1 Maintenance Certifying Technician (Mechanical)
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Category B2 Maintenance Certifying Technician (Avionic)
! Category C Base Maintenance Certifying Engineer

,
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. Category A
L...;
Category A is further divided into sub categories as follows:

i . A 1 Aeroplanes Turbine
! A2 Aeroplanes Piston
A3 Helicopters Turbine
f ' A4 Helicopters Piston
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TIS Integrated Training System 2-7
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Category B
The sub categories for Category B Line Maintenance Certifying Technician/Base Maintenance
Technician are:

B1.1 Aeroplanes Turbine

B1.2 Aeroplanes Piston
B1.3 Helicopters Turbine
B1.4 Helicopters Piston , n ,
B2 Avionics (no further sub division) i
,.-.!
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The wider privileges of the Category B licence and the role of the Technician in defect diagnosis
and rectification and system inspection require a more detailed knowledge than that for lJ
Category A. This requires a longer period of experience and examination at a higher level than
for Category A.
I :
L j

Category C
The requirements for Category C can be achieved via two routes: a graduate with a degree in
Aeronautical Engineering recognised by the CM, or a similar discipline that is considered
relevant to aircraft maintenance and that has been accepted for this purpose by the CM, or a
n
B1 or B2 licence holder with a prescribed period of certifying experience.
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Figure 2.1: Maintenance Staff are Category A, B or C, for the purposes of certification

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2-8 Module 10.2 Part-55 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System ~

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Certification Privileges
Category A
A Category A certifying licence permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service
! : following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of
tasks specifically endorsed on the authorisation. The certification privileges are restricted to
maintenance which the authorisation holder has personally performed in a Part-145
( : organisation.
,
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Category 81
, '

A category 81 certifying staff authorisation permits the holder to issue certificates of release to
service following maintenance, including aircraft structure, power plants and mechanical and
,: '
electrical systems. Authorisation to replace avionic line replaceable units requiring simple tests
to prove their serviceability is also permitted.
L

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Note: Compass compensation and adjustment certification privileges are contained within a
! Category 81 AML'

, ' Category 82
I
A category 82 certifying staff authorisation permits the holder to issue certificates of release to
service following maintenance on avionic and electrical systems. Category 82 certifying staff
, ' can qualify for any A sub category subject to compliance with the appropriate A sub category
i requirements.

, ' Note: Compass compensation and adjustment certification privileges are contained within a
L Category 82 AML.

I ' Category C
A category C certifying staff authorisation permits the holder to issue certificates of release to
service following base maintenance. The authorisation is valid for the aircraft, in its entirety,
r" \
! i including all systems.
'.....,

I .
Limitation of Privileges
The holder of an aircraft maintenance licence may not exercise certification privileges unless:
L
!' 1. He/she is in compliance with the applicable requirements of Part-M and/or Part-145.

2. In the preceding two-year period he/she has, either had six months of maintenance
! \ experience in accordance with the privileges granted by the aircraft maintenance licence
or, met the provision for the issue of the appropriate privileges.

, 3. He/she is able to read, write and communicate to an understandable level in the

! :
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language(s) in which the technical documentation and procedures necessary to support
the issue of the certificate of release to service are written.
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Medical
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Certifying staff must not exercise the privileges of their certification authorisation if they know or
suspect that their physical or mental condition renders them unfit to exercise such privileges.
For further information refer to CAP 562 (CAAIPs) leaflet L15-6

All Engineering Staff should also be aware of the sanctions that can be applied if found to be '"1
unfit at their place of work in contravention of the Railways and Transportation Act of 2003. Full I
'" J
details are explained in CAP 562 (CAAIPS) Leaflet 15-5.
,I
The Basic License - Knowledge Requirements l.J
Regardless of the method by which a candidate learns the knowledge, in all cases he/she must ~!

pass an examination for those modules in the category he/she is applying for. Upon passing the i!

first module taken there is then a 5 year window in which all modules must be passed. • j

Details of the modules required, the syllabus for each module and the knowledge level required
are found in Annex 1 to Part-66. They can also be found in the appropriate category section of
the ELGD.
" ,

: 1
Extension to the Basic License
L.

A license holder is permitted to extend his basic license to include an additional category. To [""""1,
, I

achieve this he/she needs to pass those exams or parts of exams to satisfy the extra license j
requirement and also show proof of experience in the new category. Refer to Section G of the
ELGD for examination and experience requirements and common cases of extension to license.

Exemption from Knowledge Requirements "I!

, I
Full or partial credit against the basic knowledge requirements and associated examination shall ! J

be given for any other technical qualification considered by the Competent Authority (CA) to be
equivalent to the knowledge standard of Part-66. The CA in the case of the United Kingdom is
the CAA. The CAA have published details of exemptions they will consider, each one being
considered individually, in the appropriate license section of the ELGD.

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2-10 Module 10.2 Part-55 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System
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The Category A Basic License
Reference ELGD Section C,

The Category A licence is a mechanical based licence and permits the holder to issue
certificates of release to service within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed
L. on the authorisation, following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect
rectification. A list of typical category A Tasks can be found in the AMC to Part-145 A.30(g).

L Category A Training Routes:

: 1
1. A course approved under Part-147 of between 650 and 800 hours duration
teaching theoretical and practical skills required, The approved course must be
followed by a minimum of 1 year's practical line maintenance experience to
,,, .
consolidate the training received prior to licence application.
w
2. Self Starter and Other Experienced Applicants, Category A applicants who
! i have not successfully completed a Part-147 approved course of training, should
L.j
have at least 3 years practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft A
, . reduction in the 3 years experience requirement may be considered for certain
applicants who fall into either category below. There are currently no standard
, 1

assessment terms for these applications and therefore applicants are advised,
before applying for licence issue, to ensure they meet the experience criteria in
accordance with Part-66.A.30 and AMC 66.A.30 (a) and (b),

,
i
' 3 Skilled Worker- A skilled worker is a person who has successfully completed a
course of training, acceptable to the competent authority, involving the
manufacture, repair, overhaul or inspection of mechanical, electrical or electronic
,, . equipment. The training would have included the use of tools and measuring
devices. 2 Years experience is required in this category
L
c ' 4 Other Experienced Applicants -Aircraft maintenance experience gained outside
!

w a civil aircraft maintenance environment can include experience gained in armed

forces, coast guards and police. At least one year of civil experience on aircraft
typical of the category or sub-category for which application is made, is required.

Satisfactory completion of training will be determined by an approved procedure laid out in the
( " organisation's exposition and in accordance with Part-147, demonstrated by an examination
and/or by a workplace assessment, carried out by either an approved Parl-145 organisation
or a Parl-147 training organisation. The practical assessment will determine a person's
i' competence to perform task(s). The examiner will provide a written report to explain whether a
I
'--
candidate has passed or failed
It should be noted that the Category A license allows approval to release to service of
:
i only those tasks for which the Licensed Mechanic is approved by the Part145
L
Organisation. There are no type approvals for Category A Basic License.
c •

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The Category B.1 Basic License " J

I
Reference ELGD Section D.
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The B1 licence is a mechanical based licence and permits the holder to issue certificates of u

release to service following line maintenance, including aircraft structure, power plants and
mechanical and electrical systems. Replacement of avionic line replaceable units requiring
simple tests without the use of test equipment to prove their serviceability is also included within
the privileges of this licence. A Category B1 licence holder also has a role in base maintenance
in supporting the Category C certifier who is the final CRS/SMI signatory '1I
! !
Note: A full Part-66 81 licence issued in a particular sub-category also entitles the holder
to exercise the privileges of a Category A licence for other aircraft types, not endorsed
on the Part-66 licence as type ratings, subject to the task training and authorisation ~,.J
requirements for those types being satisfied
, '
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The B1 licence is sub-divided into sub-categories as below: : J

• B1.1 Aeroplanes Turbine-Engines

• B1.2 Aeroplanes Piston-Engines
• B1.3 Helicopters Turbine-Engines n,
• B1.4 Helicopters Piston-Engines I
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The sub-categories above are broadly made up of the following BCAR categories:

• Category A Airframe LWTR (Aeroplanes 2)

• Category C Engine LWTR (Piston or Turbine Engine)
• Category X Electrical LWTR L. j
• A8-13 Avionic Extension Limited Authorisation

Category B.1 Training Routes

A Course approved under Part-147 - A course of training can be undertaken under the
• J
auspices of a Part-147 approved basic training school. The course will consist of a minimum of
2,400 hours instruction. The purpose of the course is to teach the individual the basic
underpinning theoretical knowledge required of the category B1 role and to provide basic skills
and maintenance practices training to establish basic practical competence. The course
includes theory exams and practical skills assessments as part of the training and qualification
philosophy.
, I
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For B1.1 and B1.3 sub categories - The approved course must be followed by a minimum of
2-years practical maintenance experience.

For B1.2 and B1.4 Sub Categories - The approved course must be followed by a minimum of , ,
1-year's practical maintenance experience. i j
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Experience Requirements - An applicant for a category B1 licence must have completed a

prescribed period of aircraft maintenance experience. This experience is to be relevant to the
licence category required and to the maintenance experience of operating aircraft. This

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experience should include maintenance on aircraft structure, powerplant, mechanical and

electrical systems and replacement of avionic LRUs requiring simple tests to prove their
, , serviceability.
I
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L Recent Practical Maintenance Experience - All applicants must have gained at least one
year's experience on aircraft typical of the category or sub-category applied for. Of this one
i' year's experience, six months must have been gained in the 12 months immediately before
L application. The remainder must have been gained in the 7 years before application.

Self Starter and Other Experienced Applicants in Category 81.1 or 81.3 - Applicants who
have not attended a Part-147 approved course of training, should have at least 5 years practical
r • maintenance experience on operating aircraft. Experienced engineers within the UK, such as
Skilled Workers, Armed Forces, Coast Guards or Police, may be eligible for a reduction in
experience required
f '
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Self Starter and Other Experienced Applicants in Category 81.2 or 81.4 - Applicants who
have not attended a Part-147 approved course of training, should have at least 3 years practical
maintenance experience on operating aircraft. Experienced engineers within the UK, such as
,
I
~
Skilled Workers, Armed Forces, Coast Guards or Police, may be eligible for a reduction in
experience required, which are detailed in this section of the ELGD. However it should be
( 1 noted that the CM will assess each application on its merits.
L

The Category B.2 Basic License

r . Reference ELGD Section E.
L The B2 licence is avionic based and permits the holder to issue certificates of release to
service, following line maintenance on avionic systems. A Category B2 licence holder also has
r a role in base maintenance in supporting the Category C certifier who is the final CRS/SMI
L
signatory.
r .
The B2 licence broadly covers the following a~eas:
w

f . • Instrument Systems
I
• Automatic Pilot Systems (fixed and rotary wing), including Auto-throttle and Auto-land
Systems • Radio Communication, Navigation and Radar Systems
I
I
•
. • Electrical Power Generation and Distribution to Avionic Systems
!
I....:
Note: A Part-66 82 licence does not provide for any category A licence authorisation
r' entitlement. Where such entitlement is desired the applicant will have to obtain a
L category A licence extension.
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Category 82 Training Routes

A Course approved under Part-147 A course of training can be undertaken under the
auspices of a Part-147 approved basic training school. The course will consist of a minimum of
2400 hours instruction. The purpose of the course is to teach the individual the basic
underpinning theoretical knowledge required of aircraft and the related systems required of the
category B2 role and to provide basic skills and maintenance practices training to establish
basic practical competence. The course includes theory exams and practical skills assessments
as part of the training and qualification philosophy. The approved course must be followed by a
minimum of 2 year's practical maintenance experience to consolidate the training received.

An applicant for a category B2 licence must have completed a prescribed period of aircraft lJ
maintenance experience. This experience is to be relevant to the licence category sought and to
the maintenance experience of operating aircraft in avionic and electrical systems. : ,
u
Recent Practical Maintenance Experience - All applicants must have gained at least one
year's experience on aircraft typical of the category or sub-category applied for. Of this one
year's experience, six months must have been gained in the 12 months immediately before
application. The remainder must have been gained in the 7 years before application.
: I
, I
Self Starter and Other Experienced Applicants - Category B2 applicants who have not C•.. J

attended a Part-147 approved course of training should have at least 5 years practical
maintenance experience on operating aircraft. Experienced engineers within the UK, such as ,'I

Skilled Workers, Armed Forces, Coast Guards or Police, may be eligible for a reduction in ,I
l .. J

experience required

A reduction in the 5 years experience requirement may be considered for certain applicants who
fall into the 'self starter or skilled worker' category. These reductions are detailed in this section
c-,
of the ELGD. However it should be noted that the CAA will assess each application on its , i
I
merits. L. j

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2-14 Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System
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governed by the statement
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-)
 !I'I

Integrated Training System

D2Si9n2d in association witt1 the
i•
'-' clubG6pro.co. uk question practice aid

,,
! '

'-
The Category C Basic License
i, ! Reference ELGD Section F
,'

'-
The Category C licence permits the release of an aircraft to service in its entirety by a single
I ' certificate of release to service by one overall signatory, once all base maintenance work and
,!
LJ checks have been completed in accordance with Part 145. The Category C licence certifier will
act primarily in a maintenance management role controlling the progress of aircraft maintenance
,
( 1
work. A Category C licence alone does not permit the holder to act as a 81 or 82 certifier.
I '
~

Category C Training Routes

The Category C licence may be obtained via one of two available routes: either by experience
gained through holding a Category B1 or B2 licence, or as a graduate entrant with a degree that
is considered to be acceptable to the CAA.
r ~
\
'- The 81 or 82 Route - requires that an applicant has spent 3 years as a 81.1, 8 1.3 or
I .
82 Certifying LAE on Large Aircraft or 5 years for 81.2 and 81.4. This time period is
I
reduced to 3 years for all categories of small aircraft.
L
The Graduate Route - A graduate holding a degree in Aeronautical Engineering, or a
I, similar discipline that is considered by the CAA relevant to aircraft maintenance that has
~
been accepted for this purpose by the CAA, must have at least 3 years experience in a
civil aircraft maintenance environment including 6 months of observation of base
ri
I maintenance tasks. There are currently no standard assessment terms for these
'-'
applications and therefore applicants are advised, before applying for licence issue, to
ensure they meet the experience criteria in accordance with Part-66.A.30 and related
AMC. A person qualifying for a Category C licence via this route will not be entitled to a
Category 81 or 82 licence unless the requirements for those Categories are also met.
,, '
,
Knowledge Requirements for Category C
Category C certifying staff with a mechanical background should meet the Category 81 basic
L knowledge levels. Category C certifying staff with an avionic background should meet the
category 82 basic knowledge levels.
r '~

!
~ Applicants following the Graduate route for direct issue of Category C must still pass either the
Category 81 or 82 full examinations unless the degree course qualifies for the standard
,, '
exemptions as listed in section F4, or exemptions have been agreed as a result of the
,
U assessment of the particular degree course.

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L TIS Integrated Training System 2-15

© Copyright 2010 Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance Use and/or disclosure is
r • go_v:~n_e_d~ ~ ~~~... ~~a~:~_~~~
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Figure 2.2: Base Maintenance checks (such as B, C or D checks), are certified in their entirety,
by a Category C licence h o l d e r i
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2-16 Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System ,~. J
© Copyright 2010
Use and/or disclosure is
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on page 2 of this chapter I
J 1
 II'

i :,' Integrated Training System

Designed in association wi til tile
clubG6pro.co. uk question practice aid

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'--
Type Ratings

L... General
Holders of Part-66 Aircraft Maintenance Licences in Category B1, B2 and C may apply for
inclusion of an Aircraft Type Rating subject to meeting the relevant requirements. A Category A
licence does not contain type ratings.

In order that a Part-145 or Part M maintenance organisation can issue a certification

authorisation to a Part-66 licence holder in categories B1 and B2 the relevant type rating must
be held. Without the relevant type rating and authorisation, the licence holder cannot sign the
,I •
Certificate of Release to Service for work carried out on the aircraft.
j

Note: There are additional requirements to be satisfied for authorisation issue. 'Certification
,.
,
.. Authorisation' means the authorisation issued to certifying staff by the Part 145 Organisation
:.....! and which specifies the fact that they may sign certificates of release to service within the
limitations stated in such authorisation on behalf of the 145 organisation.
I '
: '

,, , Type Training for 81 82 or C Category Licenses

i : Type training is carried out by approved Part-147 training organisation. Each type course, is
~

then approved by the CAA and added to the 147 approval certificate for that organisation. A list
of approved 147 training establishments and their approvals can be found on the CAA website.
Exceptionally the CAA can approve a type course to be carried out, without the provider being
approved. However the standard required will be that of a 147 approved training organisation.

Part-147 Approved Type Course

An approved B1 or B2 type course consists of
r • all the elements of an aircraft, as required for
i
L a B1 or B2 LAME to carry out the
requirements of his/her approval. Full details
I ~i can be obtained in Annex III of Part-66. The
:
w completion of aircraft type training will be
demonstrated by a multi-choice written
! .
examination carried out by a Part-147
iw
organisation.
, .
i !

....;

Figure 2.3: Aircraft Type Training includes

L classroom and practical tuition, and is
completed by success in the associated
examination
r'
L
L TIS Integrated Training System 2-17
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance Use and/or disclosure is
governed b.!' t~~ stat~m~nl
 I
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Integrated Training System

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Type Experience
Part-66 requires that a satisfactory amount of experience is required for an aircraft rating, in
addition to the training. As a guide, 4 months is considered to be acceptable although the
experience required will largely depend on the licence(s) and rating(s) already held. Where a
similar aircraft type is held to that which is being applied for, experience can be reduced;
however, the experience should not be less than two weeks. For each application, the CM will
need to satisfy itself that the practical training is of sufficient duration before adding a type
rating.
: i
I I

There are three types of experience that are deemed to be acceptable, as detailed below.
'"""1
I :
, i
1 Experience gained during an approved Part-147 training course. This experience should • J
be detailed in logbook format and supported by the appropriate Part-147 certificate.

2 Experience gained in an approved Part-145 maintenance organisation. Again this

experience should be detailed in logbook format, however, worksheets that are certified
by an Assessor and cross-referred to on the License Application Form (Form 19) will be :\
accepted. :j

3 Any experience gained in an organisation that has been officially accepted by the CM's
Personnel Licensing Department. This experience must again be detailed in logbook
format or worksheets that are suitably certified

Type Training for C License Holders

A C license holder must attend and pass, one aircraft type course, typical of the types in his
'I
certifying environment, to the same standard as B1 or B2 certifying staff. There is no practical , I
',.j
training requirement.

Group Type Ratings

Reference ELGD Section H

The CM will issue group type ratings in accordance with Part-66. For categories other than B.1
multiple turbine engine aircraft if a license holder has 2 type ratings from the same category and
manufacturer he can get a manufacturer group rating. If he has three types typical of the group
(but different manufacturers) he can be awarded a full group rating. The reference gives
detailed examples of manufacturer's group rating and full group rating
.,
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2-18 Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System L.J
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I '

L Examination Standards and Requirements

An applicant for an aircraft maintenance licence or the addition of a category or subcategory to
such an aircraft maintenance licence shall demonstrate, by examination, a level of knowledge in
the appropriate subject modules in accordance with Appendix I to Part-66. The basic knowledge
: "
examinations must be conducted by a training organisation appropriately approved under
L Part-147 or by the competent authority. Type examinations are carried out by approved
Part-147 type training organisations. Examinations are all multiple choice except for the essay
! module.
i
~

:. Examination by the Competent Authority

L Reference 66.8.200
r .
i
• All examination questions have to be kept in a secure manner prior to an examination, to
L ensure that candidates will not know which particular questions will form the basis of the
r . examination. The competent authority shall nominate those persons who control the
questions to be used for each examination.
L

r. • The competent authority shall appoint examiners who shall be present during all
examinations to ensure the integrity of the examination.
L
I . • Basic examinations shall follow the standard specified in Appendix I and II to part66, that
L is what subjects and to what difficulty level.

• Type examinations must follow the standard specified in Appendix III to this Part.
,I
~

• New essay questions shall be raised at least every six months and used questions
withdrawn or rested from use. A record of the questions used shall be retained in the
records for reference.
,,
• All examination papers shall be handed out at the start of the examination to the
L candidate and handed back to the examiner at the end of the allotted examination time
period.
r 1
I .
U • No examination paper may be removed from the examination room during the allotted
,. examination time period.
i .

L • Apart from specific documentation needed for type examinations, only the examination
paper may be available to the candidate during the examination.
rI
'-' • Examination candidates shall be separated from each other so that they cannot read
each other's examination papers They may not speak to any person other than the
i '
examiner.

r ' • Candidates who are proven to be cheating shall be banned from taking any further
examination within 12 months of the date of the examination in which they were found
cheating.
{ 1
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TIS Integrated Training System 2-19
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance
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Examination by an Approved Part-147 Organisation

The examinations carried out by a Part-147 organisation are drawn from a database held by the
organisation and approved by the CAA The standards and methodology shown above for
examinations conducted by the competent authority are the same for Part-147 organisations,
Examinations have a 75% pass mark with no negative marking, 'l
I
,j
Further general examination details and requirements are published by the CM in ELGD
Section J, For location and dates of CM exams refer to the CM website,

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Figure 2.4: Examinations to prove knowledge levels can be carried out either at the Competent I, j
Authority's own exam centres, or at a Part-147 organisation

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2-20 Module 10,2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System
© Copyright 2010
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governed by the statement
on page 2 or this chapter
I
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L

I \
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Integrated Training System
l....' Designed in association witt1 the
clubG6pro.cQ,uk qqestion practice ,gid

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,

L Applying for the License

, '
So what do you need to do to apply for a basic license or an extension to a license? The
following list details the requirement

! '; • Pass the appropriate Basic License Modules and collect certificates

• Gain the experience required and record using a logbook, CAP 741 is the preferred
i logbook format of the CAA although you can use worksheets if you wish, The logbook or
!
~ worksheets must be countersigned by an approved assessor from a Part-145 or Part-147
organisation
, '

L • Provide a proof of Identity (Passport or Birth Certificate is preferred),

• Complete Application Form 19

• Enclose the appropriate fee

L Applications should be sent to: Personnel Licensing Department (PLD), Civil Aviation Authority,
Safety Regulation Group, Aviation House (GE), Gatwick Airport South, West Sussex, RH6 OYR,
I'
i
L Some companies have delegated the screening of a license application to approved Part-145
, , companies, therefore in the first instance it is desirable to check with your Part-145 quality
i department, before you send it to the CAA, In all instances the CAA issues the license,
L
To apply for a type endorsement to the basic license then apply on Form 19 as before attaching
L a certificate showing a pass in the type course taken, This certificate must be issued by a
Part-147 organisation, Worksheets/logbook evidence suitably endorsed will also be needed as
evidence of experience, As always the appropriate fee is required,

I '
I '
When You Have Your License
L Upon receipt of a Part-66 basic license it must be signed by the holder and kept with a visual
proof of identity, The license is written in the language of the issuing CA but if you wish to use it
,, '
in another state it must also have an English translation,

L Renewal The PART-66 Aircraft Maintenance License becomes invalid five years after its last issue or
, , amendment, unless the holder submits his/her License to the competent authority that issued it,
I in order to verify that the information contained in the license is the same as that contained in
the competent authority records,

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L TIS Integrated Training System 2-21
© Copyright 2010 Module 10,2 Part-55 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance Use and/or disclosure is
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Integrated Training System
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1, j
The Pages of the Licence
The Licence is issued by the Competent Authority in a hard-bound A3 size booklet. The
Licence is officially known as EASA Form 26. The pages are as follows:

1. This 11(''01100 rnu3t bo Signed by tho holdGf and bo accompanied by an

identity dOClH'!1en\ GO"itainlr,g a photnDra~h of the licence holder
EUROf'EA"J Ut-ll'JN
, '
STATE 2:. End,xS6'neJ); of ooy (wb)c.:'1teg(Yles 0;' IhB paQfl(s) entitlod Parl·66 ~. -~
(SLJulCA.TEGORIES only, de«; !loOt permit the hctder 10 issue .:J
AUTHORITY Nf.ME &. LO'.;O CBrbh:;;[o- 01 rclG8W 10 GO, vir:u fIX an rircraf[,

1. ai:~rafll'ype mllng meets jlle intent of

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Part·56 ~

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. valid \;0Ii1 Ihe d8!(J sp,xlri~d on the limllation llillJfl
01 revoked.

d Th€! privileges 01 lhis licence may n01 he exeroS8i lJo!er.,s in IhA prfl()f!di'1l1
two year period the Golder has rad eilher six mooths of maint€flance
o":pf'Jri0f'1CO in <lx'Oldam;H .,,'rtf; nie ;Hivilug!;s \.flanl8'j b"1 tim li(;oIIG0. Of
1fIi;l! the plOvision fe, till:) imUle of [tit! GOpropnal(! privibgm:.

THIS LICENCE IS RECOGNISED BY ALL EU MEMBERS

EASA F{)m~ Iti

Purl·BS {SUB1CATEGORIES

!; 81 B2 c l ....l

/>,eropi::mes TI'rb!llf> n/<l nia '1 1

4. Oato and piarJ: of birth n/a flf"

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n/a nf!l

,~
Ilh1 n!!i I
,
'". j

nl, nia ntil'

n!" nJ;l nla

~, Sllal 0.- damp of issulI1;'; Authority. Res€1ver.i

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2-22 Module 10.2 Part-55 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System
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W Part· 56 AIRCRAFT TYPE RA'fINGS Parl-G5 LIMITATIONS

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Official Stamp &
L Ale TYPt3 or Group CategCty
Dale

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Valid UI\~il
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Annex to EASA Form 26
L Na!iorlal privilBgBG oul~;!du !i1O xopo of P~-"t 13£5, in axordancrl Eft:!,
fl'Jaliooai L€9isialionJ (ValJd only 111 [Member S!ale])
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L Olbeial Stamp & Dalu

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TIS Integrated Training System 2-23

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Integrated Training System ,~

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2-24 TIS Integrated Training System

Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance
© Copyright 2010
Use and/or disclosure is
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on page 2 of this chapter
 , '

L
r, '' Integrated Training System
,

L Designed in association with the

club66pro,co.uk question practice aid
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1

L Acronyms and Abbreviations

r
,, AD Airworthiness Directive - a directive issued by the Authority to carry-out a
L
mandatory modification or inspection.
!
'I....,..;
AFM Approved Flight Manual

I
AGNA Advisory Group of National Authorities - A sub-committee of EASA
L
AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance - Interpretive material for the EASA
r ' Implementing Rules (See also GM).
i
L
AMM Aircraft Maintenance Manual
!
w AMP Approved Maintenance Programme

r ' ANO Air Navigation Order - The UK's Statutory Instrument for Air Law. Published by
i
~
Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and in loose-leaf version by the CAA as
CAP 393.
,r '
L AOC Air Operator's Certificate - Awarded to an operator by the CAA to show
compliance with EU-OPS.
,
l..... APU Auxiliary Power Unit

I: ARC Airworthiness Review Certificate - a certificate required by an aircraft in order to

L keep its Certificate of Airworthiness continually valid.

[. ASB Alert Service Bulletin

LJ
ATA Air Transport Association of America
r'
L NS Air Traffic Standards

AWOPS All Weather Operations

I~

r , BCAR British Civil Airworthiness Requirements - The UK's National Requirements for all
EASA exempt UK registered aircraft.
l
CA Competent Authority of EASA - The National Aviation Authority (NAA) of an EU
r: Member State
L

CAA Civil Aviation Authority - The UK's National Aviation authority and Competent
,i ' Authority of EASA.
LJ

,r ' CAT Commercial Air Transport

I
L

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w TIS Integrated Training System 2-25
© Copyright 201 0 Module 10,2 Part-56 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance
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CAIP Civil Aircraft Inspection Procedures - the predecessor to CAAIP. Not published
since 1985.
:<
CAAIP Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Information and Procedures - A non-mandatory and ! \
, '
U
non-quotable document, published by the CAA as CAP 592

CAME Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition ll .1

CAP Civil Aviation Publication - The CAA's documentation numbering system.

CAMO Continued Airworthiness Management Organization - A Part-M Sub Part G

organisation.
,- __ 1
CDCCl Critical Design Configuration Control Limitations

COL Configuration Deviation List

CMM Component Maintenance Manual '1

I
C of A Certificate of Airworthiness
.-,,
CRS Certificate of Release to Service

CS Certification Specification - EASA Design and Airworthiness Codes

CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder

DH Decision Height

EAD Emergency Airworthiness Directive

EASA European Aviation Safety Agency

EC European Commission

EU European Union '1

I I
,-_J

EM Engine Manual
'1
!
ETOPS Extended Range Twin Operations L.. l

ETSO European Technical Services Order

EU-OPS The requirements for an Air Operators Certificate for operation of an aircraft for -,
, .
CAT. Replaces by JAR-OPS. , I
~ j

FAA Federal Aviation Administration - The National Aviation Authority (NAA) of the
"
United States of America. , I

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2-26 Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System
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. I ,.,
,I .
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L

, Integrated Training System

L; Designed in association with tilc::
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[ .
I FCL Flight Crew Licensing
U
FDR Flight Data Recorder
L FH Flying Hours
,r' GA General Aviation - Activity and operation of aircraft of MTOM less than 5700 kg.
L
GM Guidance Material- Interpretive material for the EASA Implementing Rules (See
,
;- -l

\ also AM C)
L;

r --, GIS Glideslope

L lATA International Air Transport Association

i'-- ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation

r' IPC Illustrated Parts Manual

I
I
'--
JAA Joint Aviation Authorities - The predecessor of EASA, now dissolved.
r, 1

l-, JAR Joint Aviation Regulations - Aviation regulations devised and promulgated by
EASA and implemented into all JAA member states. Now superseded by EASA
r . Regulations and Implementing Rules.
L JAR-OPS The original requirements for an Air Operators Certificate for operation of an
[. aircraft for CAT. Now replaced by EU-OPS.
I
L;
MEL Minimum Equipment List

'--' MMEL Master Minimum Equipment List

,
!
. MPD Maintenance Planning Document
L
MRB Maintenance Review Board
;
r !
,
,

'-- MTOM Maximum Take-Off Mass

r .
,
[ MTOW Maximum Take-Off Weight
L
MTWA Maximum Take-off Weight Authorized (now replaced by MTOM in metric system)
, ,
,
,

U NAA National Aviation Authority - the aviation authority of any individual state
,'
i RVR Runway Visual Range
LJ
RVSM Reduced Vertical Separation Minima
f i

LJ SB Service Bulletin
,,
i ,
L TIS Integrated Training System 2-27
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.2 Part-55 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance Use and/or disclosure is
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Integrated Training System ,....,
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SL Service Letter
:t
SMP Standard Maintenance Practice :l.JI
SRG Safety Regulation Group - A sub-group of the UK CAA.

SRM Structural Repair Manual

STC Supplementary Type Certificate

TC Type Certificate !(

c "
i
The Agency EASA

UK The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island

UN United Nations

WMIWDM Wiring ManuallWiring Diagram Manual

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2-28 Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System L __

©Copyright 2010
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on page 2 of this chapter
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L
Integrated Training System
Designed in association witt, the
clubG5pro.cQ,uk question practice aid

L Worksheet 10.2
I
I
' Use the following worksheet to revise your knowledge. It may require you to investigate some of
I
L the references quoted at the beginning of this section. However most of the information is
contained in this document.
['
~

1. To what aircraft are the following Part-66 categories applicable?

,r'"
L • A1 and B1.1:-

I
I
I • A2 and B1.2:-
L

• A3 and B1.3:-

L • A4 and B1.4:-

r'
,

L
• B2:-

2. What is the minimum age for an applicant for a Part-66 licence?

I
'-'
3. A Category A licence holder issues certificates of release to service for what?
r
~

4 Can a category A licence holder sign for work carried out by someone else?
I
~

I ; 5. A Category B1 licence holder issues certificates of release to service for what?

I
L
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i '
I
~
6 Does a category B1 licence holder automatically hold a category A licence?

I
L 7 A Category B2 licence holder issues certificates of release to service for what?

,
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L
8 Does a category B2 licence holder automatically hold a category A licence?
,
i
I....;

,
i 9 Category C Issues certificates of release to service for what?
I
w

[,
L 10 What organisation requires category C licensed engineers?

II '

L TIS Integrated Training System 2-29

© Copyright 2010 Module 10.2 Part-55 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance Use and/or disclosure is
go~v:~n:_d_ b! ~~;,,~~a!:~_:~~
Integrated Training System !
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c.iub66pro,co.uk question practice- aid ~ ".J

11 Before a Part-66 licence holder signs a certificate of release to service, he/she must
check that they have had how much aircraft maintenance experience in the preceding 2
years?
J
CI
I,JI
12 What determines the language the Part-66 licence holder must speak?

.1
8asic knowledge requirements
!
, I
1I __ ,I
13. Where would you find the syllabus for the modules you need to study for a Part-66
licence?

14 Where must you go to sit the Part-66 licence examinations?

15. Category A, 81.2 and 81.4

'1
• Three years of practical maintenance experience, if:- lj

• Two years of practical maintenance experience, if:-

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• One years of practical maintenance experience, if:- U

16 Category 82, 81.1 and 81.3
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• Five years of practical maintenance experience, if:-

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• Three years of practical maintenance experience, if:-

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• Two years of practical maintenance experience, if:-

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17. Category C

• Three years of experience of:-

• Five years of experience of:-

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• The academic route - _ _ years experience

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2-30 Module 10,2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System ,]
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. I
 Integrated Training System
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clubG6pro,co,uk question practice aid

If someone wishes to "extend" a licence, they need how much experience in the
respective discipline?

How much time experience is required to be on the "type" equivalent to that of the licence
category being sought?

Is military aircraft maintenance experience acceptable?

Continued validity

21 For what reason is a part-66 licence returned to the CAA 5-years after issue?

IL
,r" 22. If a licence is invalidated (by making unauthorised amendments to it perhaps). What
'-'
happens to all the certificates of release to service that have been signed since the
licence was invalidated?
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23. What is the first thing the licence holder must do to make his/her licence valid, once it
I ~ has been received from the CAA?
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L Type/task training and ratings

23. Category A practical task training can be carried out by an organisation approved to what
IL: regulation?

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24. What does a Part-66 licence holder require additionally, before he/she can certify?
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Ii What organisation must a Part-66 licence holder study at, to get a type approval
'-" 25
endorsement?
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2-32 Module 10.2 Part-66 - Certifying Staff - Maintenance TIS Integrated Training System lj
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Module 10

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Aviation Legislation
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[' 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance
'- Organisations
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© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
Integrated Training System n :
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:

Copyright Notice ·i
© Copyright. All worldwide rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any other means whatsoever: i.e.
photocopy, electronic, mechanical recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of
Total Training Support Ltd.

Knowledge Levels - Category A, 81, 82 and C Aircraft

Maintenance Licence Ii
I
,J
Basic knowledge for categories A, B1 and B2 are indicated by the allocation of knowledge levels indicators (1,2 or
3) against each applicable subject. Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or the category B2
basic knowledge levels. 'I,
The knowledge level indicators are defined as follows: ~_ J

LEVEL 1
• A familiarisation with the principal elements of the subject.
1 J

Objectives:
~
• The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject.
• The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and
·~_ JI
examples.
• The applicant should be able to use typical terms. ;I,
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LEVEL 2
• A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.
i
• An ability to apply that knowledge. ,. ..!
Objectives:
• The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject.
• The applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using. as appropriate. typical 1
examples.
• The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws describing the
subject. '1
j
• The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches. drawings and schematics describing the • J
subject.
• The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures.
l j
LEVEL 3
• A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. ~
• A capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive : j
manner.
Objectives:
• The applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects. 1, :
'.
I
• The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals
and specific examples.
• The applicant should understand and be able to use mathematical formulae related to the subject.
• The applicant should be able to read. understand and prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics
describing the subject.
• The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's ~

instructions. i
• J
• The applicant should be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply
corrective action where appropriate.
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3-2 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TTS Integrated Training System , J
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 '" !

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,, Table of Contents
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Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5

General 5
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Competent Authority (CA) 5
Applicability 5
~ffihi~ 5
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Non-EASA Aircraft 6
L Components Fitted to EASA Aircraft 6
Application 6
I 145.A.10 - Scope 7
L
Maintenance Organisation Exposition (MOE) 7
i Line Maintenance Definition 7
L Base Maintenance Definition
Small Part-145 Organisations
8
8
145.A.20 - Terms of approval 9
Classes and Ratings 9

r ' 145.A.25 - Facility requirements 11

I
The Working Environment 11
Storage Facilities 12
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145.A.30 - Personnel 13
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U The Accountable Manager 13
The Management Team 13
The Quality Manager 13
Man-hour Plan 13
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Personnel Competence 14
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U 145.A.35 - Certifying staff 15

Definitions 15
r: Adequate Understanding of the Aircraft 15
Recency 15
Style and scope of authorization document 15
[; 145.A.40 - Equipment, Tools and Materials 17
w Approved Tooling 17
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Calibration 17
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L 145.A.42 Acceptance of Components 19
Component Classification 19
,I \ Eligibility to be Fitted 20
L Locally Manufactured Parts 20
Life Expired Parts 21

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-145.A.45 - Maintenance Data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 ,_.1
\

General 23
Examples of Applicable Data 24
CDCCl Modifications 24
Work cards 24
Electronic Recording 24 C",
i

145.A.47 - Production planning 25 l J

General 25
Planning for Human Performance Limitation 25
ShiftlTask Handover 25
145.A.50 - Certification of Maintenance 27 n
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Certificate of Release to Service for Class 'A' Approved Organisations 27
The Certificate of Release to Service for Class '8' and 'C' Approved Organisation 28
145.A.55 - Maintenance Records 29 n
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General 29
Record Keeping for Modular Engines 29 ., I
145.A.60 - Reporting 31 '- J
External Occurrence Reporting 31
Examples of reporting: 31 --i
Who should the organisation report to? 31 . )
Internal Occurrence Reporting
145.A.65 - Safety and Quality Policy
32
33
,
Quality Policy Contents 33 1.1
Critical Systems 33
Procedures 33
Signoffs 34
COCCl Tasks 34
Quality System 35
Product Sampling 35
Who can carry out audits? 36
Administration of Part-145 37 • J
145.A.70 - Maintenance Organisation Exposition (MOE) 37
145.A.75 - Privileges of the organisation 37 ,

145.A.80 - Limitations ofthe Organisation 37 ,:.. ) i

145.A.85 - Changes to the Organisation 38
145.A.90 - Continued Validity of Approval 38
145.A.95 - Findings 38
Appendix 1 - Class Rating Limitation 39
Annex II - The EASA Form 1 45
General 45
Completion of the Release Certificate by the Originator 47
Annex III - An Example of an EASA Form 3 Approval Certificate 51
Acronyms and Abbreviations 53
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Worksheet 10.3 57
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3-4 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System : J
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'- Module 10.3 Part-145 -Approved Maintenance
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Organ isations
References: EC Regulation 2043/2003 Annex II (IR Part-i45) and its AMCIGM
CAP 562 (CAAIPs) Leaflet 1-1
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L: General
An organisation can be approved to maintain Aircraft, Engines or Components or any
combination of the three. Annex II to EU Regulation 2042/2003 - Part-i45 (The Part) details the
L requirements, This section will discuss these in the order that they are detailed in the Part,
, , Aircraft Maintenance Organisations are approved for either Line or Base maintenance or both.
I
I
W
Part-145 came into effect on 29 November 2003 for the maintenance of all EASA aircraft when
used for Commercial Air Transport (CAT), and from 28 September 2008 to include all large
L aircraft regardless of use,

The Certificate of Release to Service (CRS) required after maintenance of an aircraft or an

I aircraft component used on a large aircraft, or any aircraft used for Commercial Air Transport,
L
can only be issued by an organisation appropriately approved in accordance with Part-i45,
I. :
Competent Authority (CA)
r ' For the purpose of Part-i45, the competent authority shall be:
i
'-
1, for organisations having their principal place of business in a Member State, the authority
I' designated by that Member State, or;
2, for organisations having their principal place of business located in a country other than
an EASA state, EASA (The agency).

Applicability
I . Part-i45 covers the approval of organisations engaged in the maintenance of aircraft or aircraft
! : components used for Commercial Air Transport, and applies to all large aircraft, regardless of
L
use. Part-i45 and the Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material is available on
r, the EASA Website,
L For the purpose of this regulation a "large aircraft" means an aeroplane with a Maximum Take-
Off Mass (MTOM) exceeding 5700 kg, or a multi-engine helicopter.
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Organisations engaged in the maintenance of aircraft with a MTOM not exceeding 5700 kg and
,. single engine helicopters not engaged in Commercial Air Transport need to be approved in
L accordance with Part-M Sub Part F. See Module 10,5 for details of the Part-M organisation.

( i Airships
i
L Airships are not yet covered by Part-i45. Organisations holding or applying for Approval for the
maintenance of Airships must meet the relevant requirements of BeAR Section A, Chapter
A8-i8 and its associated supplements. Certification authorisations will, until such times as
appropriate provision for Airship licences has been incorporated into Part-66, be based upon
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BCAR Section L, Category 'A and C' airship LWTRs. Unless agreed otherwise by the CAA, type ,

training will be required to be conducted by a suitably approved Part-147 organisation. !J

Non-EASA Aircraft 'I,

, J
Organisations which are solely engaged in the maintenance of aircraft and/or the components
of EASA-exempt aircraft (see Module 10.1 for definitions of 'EASA-exempt aircraft') which are
NOT used for Commercial Air Transport, may continue to be approved, or may apply for the
grant or variation of an approval, in accordance with the requirements of BCAR Sub-section A8.
An approval granted under this requirement would be a CAA 'National' approval, and have no
relation to EASA Part-145 whatsoever.

Components Fitted to EASA Aircraft n

Aircraft on the UK Register, which are NOT used for Commercial Air Transport, may only have
maintained components fitted, which have been released to service in accordanc? with Part-145 1
or Part M Subpart F. iJ

The person issuing the Certificate of Release to Service for the fitting of a component to an
aircraft on the UK register is responsible for ensuring that the records of that component are
sufficient to enable its maintenance and operating history to be established, including the
;-;,
embodiment of modifications and mandatory ADs, service life used etc.
i

Application
Application for Part-145 approval is made to the Competent Authority on EASA Form-2. The
Organisation's Maintenance Organisation Exposition (MOE) forms a part of the application.

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3-6 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System , J
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14S.A.10 - Scope
Maintenance Organisation Exposition (MOE)
To be approved the AMO must submit to the Competent Authority a document known as the
I, ' Maintenance Organisation Exposition (MOE), The document contains full details of how the
~ AMO intends to comply with Part-145 and the classes and types of equipment it is applying for
approval to service,
r '
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l.o Line Maintenance Definition
Line Maintenance should be understood as any maintenance that is carried out before flight to
ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight. Line Maintenance may include:

• Trouble shooting,
r '
• Defect rectification,
• Component replacement with use of external test equipment if required,
• Component replacement may include components such as engines and propellers,
i • Scheduled maintenance and/or checks including visual inspections that will detect
L
obvious unsatisfactory conditions/discrepancies but do not require extensive in depth
inspection, It may also include internal structure, systems and powerplant items which
f are visible through quick opening access panels/doors,
L
• Minor repairs and modifications which do not require extensive disassembly and can be
r 1 accomplished by simple means,
i
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For temporary or occasional cases (ADs, SBs) the Quality Manager may accept base
,r ' maintenance tasks to be performed by a line maintenance organisation provided all
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~ requirements are fulfilled as defined by the CA.

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Base Maintenance Definition
Base maintenance is defined as scheduled maintenance not included in the line maintenance
definition above.

Small Part-145 Organisations

The requirements for a small organisation approved under Part-145 are reduced to take into
account for example a light aircraft maintenance hangar or a small radio repair workshop.
Where only one person is employed the advice give in GM 145.A.1 0 is acceptable.

Note however that Category A 1 aircraft and Category A 1, 81 and 83 (large aircraft, gas
turbine engines and APUs) cannot be maintained under this scheme.
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3-8 Module 10.3 Part-14S - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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14S.A.20 - Terms of approval
When an organisation applies for a Part-145 approval it must state which category of repair it is
applying for. These categories are known as ratings. The ratings are grouped into classes.

..
I
, ' After approval has been granted by the Competent Authority, the Competent Authority will
L award a Certificate of Approval to the Organisation similar to that shown in Figure 3.1.

I
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. An Approval No will be designated to the Organisation in eth form of:
l-
CAA.145.003 - if the awarding authority is a Competent Authority of EASA (the CM in
I" this case)
l-
Or
( ;

I
~ EASA.145.007 - if the awarding authority is the EASA itself.
r.
The last three-digit number is a sequential number applied by the awarding authority.
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Details of approved classes and ratings can be found on Page-2 (the Approval Schedule) of the
EASA approval certificate, EASA Form-3.
L
Classes and Ratings
L A class Aircraft - includes engines/APU/components whilst fitted to the aircraft
r . The approved maintenance organisation may be approved for either "Base" or "Line"
! maintenance or both. It should be noted that a "Line" facility located at a main base facility
L...
requires a "Line" maintenance approval.
I'
t i
B Class Engines -Means that organisation may carry out maintenance on an uninstalled
U
engine or APU and components, only whilst such components are fitted to engine/APU (unless
r ' AMM expressly permits removal to improve access for maintenance).
I

L.J
C Class Components- Organisation may carry out maintenance on uninstalled components
I ' (excluding engines and APUs). The MOE and Part-145 approval certificate limitation section will
i specify scope of such maintenance thereby indicating the extent of the approval Crated
U
organisation may carry out maintenance on an installed component during base maintenance
or at engine/APU maintenance facility subject to a control procedure Such activity has to be
detailed in the MOE.

I. C ratings are by ATA Chapter, for example C7 is engine components. For the complete listing of
i
-- those components approved under this rating the company has a capability list which is referred
to in the MOE. Amendment to the capability list is the responsibility of the Quality Manager.
I '
L For the full list of ratings see Appendix 1 at the end of this Section.

i ~ The CAA maintains, on their website, a list of organisations that they have awarded
approval to.

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L TIS Integrated Training System 3-9

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European Aviation Safety Agency ~,

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APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

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PUrS\LHH i<! C{,mml5S!Of: R;:p!lJlt~n!1
:"ub,c{:! dh: (:o~l(bti<l!t" :;r.CClf+1J:d b:lo1,\", 111", _~8t'lllY .
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;\\ ;; P,:.r:·l ~S ~n~fmco:mcc rrpprm'cd 10 In:Jint:::in thr pn)d'J("(:; tined in the

~itt;[th:t:,.: "lpp;'>nl :;-dn;d1.lh: :IOJ ~sml: rd:.atcJ u:nlfkatt:: Dr
rdor;}s.-e !n s~~rYice u~ing tiK-
,1:\0','~' r~:'~:rtn(c;

"Ell(, I,S ~:mju.:J in thU1 ::rp(;"ifi.;.xi ill the 5eCOpC nr .~ct::lion of dtc l. .J
P.ln· H3 '(f'lYWVt'J !1\lWU(.'tLt:l(c rJrJ~)mj",:it:m1 ~;,;:p(.jsjtittn, .1nJ
!'his .lprnH'Al r('\.ptn:~ (omp1i:m(c with tht' spl;'"cifil.'d in (h(' PJn·1,15

1
.'''1'l'''"d !'I'LL,metLIn"'; l' Ort;;lm$;,twn
TblS< ~lppr(}Y;;ll" \'~lhd \vhik, :h<.'
"-"'!f'llpb:mn· ,,'.;,th P.1r1-14S
:md
mil,:trcn;HKt' frmams in J
-:, Sl~h~,c(t t(· (''i:Hph:mt:~', 'A?th r~tc fmcgn1r;~ (:(lndilio~$. ~hj;f ;\Ppi\lY:~r ::hall rt·Jtl::lin
\.¥;;;;JU ;',Jf ,):, un!uHH'((; ;Jm~m{}n tt!'ltd the ;tppHW;U {~ ~~l1tTcm.k':--('J. 5'Jp('r.scJk:d•
.;uspcg,.Jed "r !'c"'iLed

... ror :h.:: n

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Figure 3.1: An example of an EASA Part-145 Approval Certificate , :
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3-10 Module 10,3 Part-14S - Approved Maintenance Organisations TTS Integrated Training System ,_ J
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14S.A.2S - Facility requirements
r ' The organisation has to ensure that facilities are provided appropriate for all planned work,
ensuring in particular, protection from the weather elements, Specialised workshops and bays
are segregated as appropriate, to ensure that environmental and work area contamination is
r'
,
unlikely to occur,
L

The Working Environment

i
L- For base maintenance of aircraft, aircraft hangars are both available and large enough to
,. accommodate aircraft on planned base maintenance, For component maintenance, component
I workshops are large enough to accommodate the components on planned maintenance. Where
w the hangar is not owned by the organisation, it may be necessary to establish proof of tenancy.
, '
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L Office accommodation must be provided for the management of the planned work and certifying
staff so that they can carry out their designated tasks in a manner that contributes to good
aircraft maintenance standards. Aircraft maintenance staff should be provided with an area
where they may study maintenance instructions and complete maintenance records in a proper
manner,

The working environment including aircraft hangars, component workshops and office
accommodation is appropriate for the task carried out and in particular special requirements
,i observed. Unless otherwise dictated by the particular task environment, the working
L;
environment must be such that the effectiveness of personnel is not impaired.
,
For example:
L
Temperatures must be maintained such that personnel can carry out required tasks without
r
undue discomfort.
L
! ' Dust and any other airborne contamination are kept to a minimum and not be permitted to
L reach a level in the work task area where visible aircraft/component surface contamination is
evident. Where dust/other airborne contamination results in visible surface contamination, all
r ' susceptible systems are sealed until acceptable conditions are re-established. Aircraft hangar
i and component workshop floors should be sealed to minimise dust generation.
i...J

f • Lighting is such as to ensure each inspection and maintenance task can be carried out in an
i
L.; effective manner,

i . Noise shall not distract personnel from carrying out inspection tasks. Where it is impractical to
I
L.; control the noise source, such personnel are provided with the necessary personal equipment
to stop excessive noise causing distraction during inspection tasks.
r'
LJ Where a particular maintenance task requires the application of specific environmental
conditions different to the foregoing, then such conditions are observed. Specific conditions are
(1 identified in the maintenance data.

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The working environment for line maintenance is such that the particular maintenance or
inspection task can be carried out without undue distraction. Therefore where the working
environment deteriorates to an unacceptable level in respect of temperature, moisture, hail, ice, .--,
snow, wind, light, dust/other airborne contamination, the particular maintenance or inspection :.. Ji
tasks must be suspended until satisfactory conditions are re-established.

Protection from the weather elements relates to the normal prevailing local weather elements ..
'n_ J
that are expected throughout any twelve month period. Aircraft hangar and component
workshop structures should prevent the ingress of rain, hail, ice, snow, wind and dust etc.
For line maintenance of aircraft, hangars are not essential but it is recommended that access to I
,--,J
hangar accommodation be demonstrated for usage during inclement weather for minor
scheduled work and lengthy defect rectification.
, ,

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Figure 3.2: The maintenance facility

Storage Facilities
Secure storage facilities must be provided for components, equipment, tools and material. 'I
J
Storage conditions must ensure segregation of serviceable components and material from
unserviceable aircraft components, material, equipment and tools. The conditions of storage are
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to prevent deterioration and damage of
stored items. Access to storage facilities is restricted to authorised personnel.

Storage facilities for serviceable aircraft components should be clean, well ventilated and
-.i
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maintained at a constant dry temperature to minimise the effects of condensation.
Manufacturer's storage recommendations should be followed for those aircraft components
identified in such published recommendations.

Storage racks should be strong enough to hold aircraft components and provide sufficient
support for large aircraft components such that the component is not distorted during storage.

All aircraft components, wherever practicable, should remain packaged in protective material to .'1i
minimise damage and corrosion during storage. U

3-12 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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~, 14S.A.30 - Personnel
L The Accountable Manager
The organisation shall appoint an Accountable Manager who has corporate authority for
r' ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can be financed and carried out
L to the standard required by this Part.

r; The Accountable Manager shall:

• Ensure that all necessary resources are available to accomplish maintenance in

,
( ,.
accordance with the company procedures that support the organisation approval.
• Establish and promote the safety and quality policy specified in 145.A.65 (a),
( ,
• Demonstrate a basic understanding of this Part.
I
L Note that as the Accountable Manager signs the front page of the Exposition he does not
,
require to be approved by the EASA Form 4 procedure. However on receipt of an exposition the
,( CM can refuse to accept an Accountable Manager if there is evidence of unacceptable
I
'-' performance in a previous position.

The Management Team

The organisation shall nominate a person or group of persons, whose responsibilities include
r 1 ensuring that the organisation complies with this Part. Such person(s) shall ultimately be
L responsible to the Accountable Manager. These posts are notified for approval to the CA on
EASA Form 4
i '
: • The person or persons nominated shall represent the maintenance management
'-'
structure of the organisation and be responsible for all functions specified in this Part.
r • The person or persons nominated shall be identified and their credentials submitted in a
L form and manner established by the competent authority.
• The person or persons nominated shall be able to demonstrate relevant knowledge,
r -~
background and satisfactory experience related to aircraft or component maintenance
I
L and demonstrate a working knowledge Glf this Part.
• Procedures shall make clear who deputises for any particular person in the case of
lengthy absence of the said person.

The Quality Manager

[ ,
The Accountable Manager shall appoint a person with responsibility for monitoring the
Organisation's continued compliance with Part-145. This process includes the associated
feedback system as required by 145.A.65 (c). The appointed person shall have direct access to
!I i the Accountable Manager to ensure that the Accountable Manager is kept properly informed on
'"-'
quality and compliance matters.
('

U Man-hour Plan
The organisation shall have a maintenance man-hour plan showing that the organisation has
sufficient staff to plan, perform, supervise, inspect and quality monitor the organisation in
i
~
accordance with the approval. In addition the organisation shall have a procedure to reassess

(.

L' TIS Integrated Training System 3-13

© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
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work intended to be carried out when actual staff availability is less than the planned staffing
level for any particular work shift or period.
'-1
Personnel Competence !
I
:
c., J

The organisation shall establish and control the competence of personnel involved in any
maintenance, management and/or quality audits in accordance with a procedure and to a
standard agreed by the competent authority. In addition to the necessary expertise related to
the job function, competence must include an understanding of the application of human factors
and human performance issues appropriate to that person's function in the organisation.

'Human factors' means principles which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training,
operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other i(
system components by proper consideration of human performance. 'Human performance' '---'
i
means human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of
aeronautical operations.

In respect to the understanding of the application of human factors and human performance
issues, maintenance, management, and quality audit personnel should be assessed for the
need to receive Initial human factors training, but in any case all maintenance, management,
and quality audit personnel should receive human factors continuation training. This should
concem to a minimum:

• Post-holders, managers, supervisors;

n
• Certifying staff, technicians, and mechanics; i !
I~ __ .J
• Technical support personnel such as, planners, engineers, technical record staff;
• Quality control/assurance staff;
• Specialised services staff; l, J
• Human factors staff! human factors trainers;
• Store department staff, purchasing department staff;
i
• Ground equipment operators; ...i
• Contract staff in the above categories.
" ,
Human factors training can be carried out by the organisation or by a Part-147 approved or _J
independent training organisation acceptable to the competent authority. The training syllabus
for Initial human factors training is found in GM 145.A.30 (e).

The organisation shall ensure that personnel who carry out and/or control a continued
airworthiness non-destructive test of aircraft structures and/or components are appropriately .--; ,
qualified for the particular non-destructive test in accordance with the European or equivalent .
',_ J
,
Standard recognised by the Agency. Personnel who carry out any other specialised task shall
be appropriately qualified in accordance with officially recognised Standards. An exception to
the above however is that a person qualified in Part-55 category B1 may carry out and/or
control colour contrast dye penetrant tests.
n
I
The AMC to this paragraph includes a list of maintenance tasks which a Category A Part-55 , J
Line Maintenance Mechanic can gain approval for.
i
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3-14 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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'-'
145.A.35 - Certifying staff
! '
,
'-' Definitions
,
i '
. Certifying Staff: Category A; B1 or B2 Part-66 authorized personnel for Line Maintenance
~ approved organization.
, .
B1 or B2 Support Staff - Those B1 and B2 staff that sign off tasks in Base Maintenance, thus
supporting the Base maintenance C license holder.
, .
i
From the above it can be seen that separate records for base and line maintenance authorized
i
~
staff must be kept. There is nothing to stop a staff member being approved to certify line
,. ., maintenance and also act as B1 or B2 support staff, providing the organization has line and
j i
base maintenance approval.
:',-,!
Certifying staff and B 1/ B2 support staff need:
!
I
~
• an adequate understanding of the aircraft
• recency
! • continuation training
L..

,, . They must also be competency assessed through 145.A.30 (e).

Adequate Understanding of the Aircraft

r• This means that the person has received training and has relevant maintenance experience on.
L the product type and associated organisation procedures such that the person understands how
the product functions, what are the more common defects with associated consequences.

Recency
All certifying staff and category B1 and B2 support staff are required to have ongoing aircraft or
r ' component maintenance experience. 6 Months in the past 2 years is the norm.
This means they have worked in an aircraft or component maintenance environment and either
r.
exercised the privileges of the Part-145 certification authorisation and/or actually carried out
maintenance on at least some of the aircraft type systems specified in the authorisation.
L
r -, The organisation must ensure that all certifying staff and B1 and B2 support staff receive
1 sufficient continuation training in each 2 year period to ensure that such certifying staff have up-
L..
to-date knowledge of relevant technology, organisation, procedures and human factor
issues. Continuation training should be a two way process to ensure feedback on procedures,
II '' human factors and technical knowledge ... and that the organisation receives feedback on the
L..
adequacy of its' procedures ... related to organisations relevant QA findings. For this reason
Quality Department attendance is encouraged,
L Style and scope of authorization document
A clear authorisation document must be issued to the individual. Code translation must be
readily available if used.

TIS Integrated Training System 3-15

© Copyright 2010 Module 10,3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
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Tbe Quality Manager is responsible for the issue of the authorisation, but may delegate this to
quality department staff. Records must be held for authorised staff.
.j
A copy of the authorisation must be given to the individual who must produce it within 24 hours · i
'._.j
when requested by authorised person.

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3-16 Module 1 O~3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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f '

L 14S.A.40 - Equipment, Tools and Materials

f
,
' The organisation shall have available and use the necessary equipment, tools and material to
perform the approved scope of work,
L
Approved Tooling
!
L Where the manufacturer specifies a particular tool or equipment, the organisation shall use that
tool or equipment, unless the use of alternative tooling or equipment is agreed by the competent
f' authority via procedures specified in the exposition,

Equipment and tools must be permanently available, except in the case of any tool or
i ' equipment that is so infrequently used that its permanent availability is not necessary, Such
L cases shall be detailed in an exposition procedure,

,I 1
An organisation approved for base maintenance shall have sufficient aircraft access equipment
L and inspection platforms/docking such that the aircraft can be properly inspected,
f '
i Calibration
G The organisation shall ensure that all tools, equipment and particularly test equipment, as
f '
appropriate, are controlled and calibrated according to an officially recognised standard at a
1 frequency to ensure serviceability and accuracy, A clear system of labelling all tooling,
'-- equipment and test equipment is therefore necessary indicating to users that the item is within
any inspection or service or calibration time-limit, giving information on when the next inspection
or service or calibration is due,

i, ' Records of such calibrations and traceability to the standard used shall be kept by the
organisation,
L
All such tools and equipment that require to be controlled in terms of servicing or calibration by
l virtue of being necessary to measure specified dimensions and torque figures etc, should be
clearly identified and listed in a control register including any personal tools and equipment that
the organisation agrees can be used,

Inspection, service or calibration on a regular basis should be in accordance with the equipment
f; manufacturers' instructions except where the organisation can show by results that a different
L time period is appropriate in a particular case,

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L TIS Integrated Training System 3-17

© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
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Integrated Training System
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Figure 3.3: Control of tooling and equipment is a Part-145 requirement

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3-18 Module 10.3 Part-14S - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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,.
i
L 14S.A.42 Acceptance of Components
Component Classification
All components shall be classified and appropriately segregated into the following categories:

I a. Serviceable Components which are, released on an EASA Form 1 or equivalent and

marked in accordance with Part-21 Subpart Q.
( "

L b. Unserviceable components which shall be maintained in accordance with Part-145

( '. c. Unsalvageable components The following types of components should typically be

classified as unsalvageable:

f '
i
• Components with non-repairable defects.
L
• Components that do not meet design specifications, and cannot be brought
, into conformity with such specifications;
L
• Components subjected to unacceptable modification or rework that is
irreversible;
~

: i
• Certified life-limited parts that have reached or exceeded their certified life
limits, or have missing or incomplete records;
L
• Components that cannot be returned to airworthy condition due to exposure
to extreme forces, heat or adverse environment;
L
f • • Components for which conformity with an applicable airworthiness
; directive cannot be accomplished;
L

f ' • Components for which maintenance records and/or traceability to the

L manufacturer can not be retrieved.

i' It is common practice for possessors of aircraft components to dispose of unsalvageable

I components by selling, discarding, or transferring such items. In some instances, these items
'-'
have reappeared for sale and in the active parts inventories of the aviation community.
r:
I Misrepresentation of the status of components and the practice of making such items appear
L
serviceable have resulted in the use of unsalvageable non-conforming components. Therefore
r' organisations disposing of un salvageable aircraft components should consider the possibility of
L such components later being misrepresented and sold as serviceable components. Caution
should be exercised to ensure that unsalvageable components are disposed of in a manner that
(1
I
does not allow them to be returned to service.
: I
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d. Standard parts used on an aircraft, engine, propeller or other aircraft component when
r ' specified in the manufacturer's illustrated parts catalogue and/or the maintenance data.
i
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L TIS Integrated Training System 3-19

© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part~145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
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e. Material both raw and consumable used in the course of maintenance when the
organisation is satisfied that the material meets the required specification and has
appropriate traceability. All material must be accompanied by documentation clearly
relating to the particular material and containing a 'conformity to specification' statement
plus both the manufacturing and supplier source.
I
, __ .J

Eligibility to be Fitted
Prior to installation of a component, the organisation shall ensure that the particular component
is eligible to be fitted when different modification and/or airworthiness directive standards may
be applicable. Typically this information is found on EASA Form 1, Block 13, (see Appendix II)
but it is still the installing organisation's certifying staffs' responsibility to determine eligibility.

Locally Manufactured Parts

The organisation may fabricate a restricted range of parts to be used in the course of
undergoing work within its own facilities provided procedures are identified in the exposition.

Examples of fabrication under the scope of a Part-145 approval can include, but are not limited "!
,
to the following: ,_ ,J

• Fabrication of bushes, sleeves and shims.

• Fabrication of secondary structural elements and skin panels.
• Fabrication of control cables.
• Fabrication of flexible and rigid pipes.
• Fabrication of electrical cable looms and assemblies.
• Formed or machined sheet metal panels for repairs.

All the above fabricated parts, should be in accordance with data provid~djn overhaul or repair
manuals, modification schemes and service bulletins, drawings or otherwise approved by the
competent authority.

Note: It is not acceptable to fabricate any item to pattern unless an engineering drawing of the
item is produced which includes any necessary fabrication processes and which is acceptable
to the competent authority.

Items fabricated by an organisation approved under Part-145 may only be used by that
organisation in the course of overhaul, maintenance, modifications, or repair of aircraft or
components undergoing work within its own facility.

The permission to fabricate does not constitute approval for manufacture, or to supply
externally and the parts do not qualify for certification on EASA Form-1.
J
Fabrication of parts, modification kits etc for onward supply and/or sale may not be conducted
by an organisation approved under Part-145.

,,-'

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3-20 Module 10.3 Part·145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System ,_.J
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Life Expired Parts
, . Components which have reached their certified life limit or contain a non-repairable defect shall
!
L be classified as unsalvageable and shall not be permitted to re-enter the component supply
system unless certified life limits have been extended or a repair solution has been approved
r,
i, '
according to Part-21.
r~

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I

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r •

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I Figure 3.4: Control of lifed item storage is a Part-145 requirement
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L TIS Integrated Training System 3-21
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-14S - Approved Maintenance Organisations Use and/or disclosure is
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3-22 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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,
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14S.A.4S - Maintenance Data

, ,
, ,
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I.....i
General
The organisation must hold, and use, up to date maintenance data as applicable to the scope of
i' work and capability list of the organisation.

Modifications are specifically mentioned as these are not normally covered by maintenance or
r' repair manuals.

If Maintenance data is provided by an operator or customer, the organisation shall hold the data
!. while work is in progress.
I
'-
Applicable maintenance data is defined as:
i!.....
• any applicable requirement, procedure, standard or information issued by the competent
authority
,
i • any applicable airworthiness directive,
r
~
• applicable instructions for continuing airworthiness, issued by type certificate holders,
r , supplementary type certificate holders and any other organisation that publishes such
data in accordance with Part-21.
L • any applicable data issued in accordance with 145.A.45(d)

145.A.45(d) states:

.,
r
The organisation may only modify maintenance instructions in accordance with a procedure
r
c..;
specified in the maintenance organisation's exposition. With respect to those changes, the
organisation shall demonstrate that they result in equivalent or improved maintenance
standards and shall inform the type-certificate holder of such changes. 'Maintenance
Instructions' for the purposes of this paragraph means instructions on how to carry out the
particular maintenance task: they exclude the engineering design of repairs and modifications.

L The organisation shall have a procedure to report bad data (inaccurate, incomplete or
ambiguous) to the author of the data.

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L TTS Integrated Training System
Module 10.3 PartM145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
3-23
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Examples of Applicable Data

• AMM/CMMIWDM/SRM
• Service Bulletins - SB
• Service Information letters
• Illustrated Parts Catalogues
• Drawings
• Standard Practices Manuals
• Structural Repair Manuals
• Modifications - Mods ~
, I
• Wiring Diagram Manuals i
L J
• Airworthiness Directives (Ads)
• Airworthiness Notices ~

i
• Part 145 , ,
1,- ..'

• Company Exposition & Procedures (MOE)

• Work orders.

eDeel Modifications .'""l

I
Important note: Critical Design Configuration Control Limitations (GDCGl) are airworthiness ei
limitations. Any modification of the maintenance instructions linked to GDCCl constitutes an
aircraft modification that should be approved in accordance with Part-21. You will study CDCCl :-]
I
later in this section.

Work cards
The AMO must provide a common work-card or worksheet system for use throughout all
relevant parts of the organisation by transcribing the maintenance data onto such work cards, or
make precise reference to the particular maintenance data. •. J
I

It shall transcribe complex tasks onto work cards and sub divide into clear stages to enable a
record of accomplishment of the complete maintenance task.

Electronic Recording
Work cards may be computer generated, in that case the database shall be protected against
deterioration, and there shall be adequate safeguards against unauthorised alteration.
A back-up electronic database which shall be updated within 24 hours of any entry made to the
main electronic database.

The AMO must ensure that all applicable maintenance data is readily available for use when
required by maintenance personnel and that maintenance data controlled by the organisation is
kept up to date .A procedure must exist to ensure currency of data amendment status.
~
; !
Data must be available in close proximity to the aircraft being maintained. Where computer :.1
systems are used the number of computer terminals should be sufficient in relation to the work
programme to enable easy access, unless the system can generate paper copies (sufficient
printers would then be required).

3-24 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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14S.A.47 - Production planning

i '
General
u
The Part-145 AMO must have a system appropriate to the amount and complexity of work to
,; '
plan the availability of all necessary personnel, tools, equipment, material, maintenance data
1 ;

U and facilities in order to ensure the safe completion of the maintenance work,

r ' The production planning function includes two complimentary elements:

!
L.. • Scheduling the maintenance work ahead, to ensure that it will not adversely interfere with
other maintenance work as regards the availability of all necessary personnel, tools,
equipment, material, maintenance data and facilities,
• During maintenance work, organising maintenance teams and shifts and provide all
necessary support to ensure the completion of maintenance without undue time
pressure,

,, Planning for Human Performance Limitation

,
,

The planning of maintenance tasks, including the organising of shifts, must take into account
L human performance limitations, which, in the context of planning safety related tasks, refers to
r ' the upper and lower limits, and variations, of certain aspects of human performance (Circadian
\ rhythm I 24-hours body cycle) which planners should be aware of when planning work and
L..
shifts.
r.
i .
~
Shift/Task Handover
When shift or task handover
,. are required, a procedure
I
L should define how relevant
information is communicated.

A formalized process for

exchanging the information
must be documented and
l contained within the MOE
(Company procedure). A
{'
planned overlap of shifts and a
L place for handover is required.
In all cases the handover must
be written and where possible
verbal. The written record is
mandatory.
r:
L Figure 3.5: Production planning is a Part-145 requirement

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L TIS Integrated Training System 3-25
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
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3-26 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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l 145.A.50 - Certification of Maintenance

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I
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Certificate of Release to Service for Class 'A' Approved Organisations
A certificate of release to service shall be issued by appropriately authorised certifying staff
on behalf of the organisation when it has been verified that all maintenance ordered has been
properly carried out by the organisation in accordance with the procedures specified in MOE
taking into account the availability and use of the maintenance data and that there are no non-
[ . compliances which are known that hazard seriously the flight safety.

At any scheduled or unscheduled maintenance task carried out to a fuel system feature
[ ,
classified as a Critical Design Configuration Control Limitations (COCCl) and before release to
L service, the maintenance records shall reflect that the correct configuration is maintained and
ensured. This should be done by the marking: "COCCl task" on the CRS.
,.
!
w A Certificate of Release to Service shall be issued before flight at the completion of any
maintenance. It may be written on the Technical log-book for line and base maintenance, or on
I. a specific form for heavy maintenance.
L
AMC14S.A.SO (b) states that the CRS should contain the following statement:
I ~
L "that the work specified except as otherwise specified was carried out in accordance
with Part-14S, and in respect to that work the aircraft/aircraft component is considered
ready for release to service".
L
[ ,
The CRS should relate to the Operators instructions or the aircraft maintenance programme
which itself may cross refer to a manufacturer's/operator's instruction in a maintenance manual,
L service bulletin etc.

The date such maintenance was carried out should include when the maintenance took place
relative to any life or overhaul limitation in terms of date/flying hours/cyclesllandings etc. as
appropriate.
L The CRS may summarise extensive maintenance, and cross refer to the work pack containing
full details, dimensional information should' be retained in the work pack record

New defects or incomplete maintenance work orders identified during the above maintenance
['
shall be brought to the attention of the aircraft operator for the specific purpose of obtaining
L agreement to rectify such defects or completing the missing elements of the maintenance work
order. In the case where the aircraft operator declines to have such maintenance carried out
r' under this paragraph, it may issue a certificate of release to service within the approved aircraft
U limitations. The organisation shall enter such fact in the aircraft certificate of release to service
before the issue of such certificate.
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© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations Use and/or disClosure is
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The Certificate of Release to Service for Class 'B' and 'C' Approved
Organisation n
The EASA Form One (authorised release certificate/ airworthiness approval tag) constitutes the ,i
l ~

component CRS. A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the completion of any
maintenance on a component whilst off the aircraft. EASA Form 1 and details of how to !
;, ,I
complete it is shown in Appendix / to Part-145. You are advised to refer to this appendix '... J

as part of your studies.

n
When an organisation maintains a component for its own use, an EASA Form-1 may not be !
~-
i
:
necessary depending upon the organisation's internal release procedures defined in the
exposition.
. .Ji
L .

Notwithstanding 145.A.42 when an aircraft is grounded at a location other than the main line
station or main maintenance base due to the non-availability of a component with the
appropriate release certificate, it is permissible to temporarily fit a component without the
Iu
appropriate release certificate for a maximum of 30 flight hours or until the aircraft first returns to
the main line station or main maintenance base, whichever is the sooner, subject to the aircraft
operator agreement and said component having a suitable release certificate but otherwise in
compliance with all applicable maintenance and operational requirements.
"!
!
Such components shall be removed by the above prescribed time limit unless an appropriate Lj

release certificate has been obtained in the meantime.

~. J

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L~

Figure 3.6: Certification of maintenance is a Part-145 requirement

3-28 Module 10.3 Part·145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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Integrated Training System
L Desi~lned 111 association wittl the
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C'

,I . 145.A.55 - Maintenance Records

L.,;

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,
General
L The organisation shall record all details of maintenance work carried out. As a minimum, the
organisation shall retain records necessary to prove that all requirements have been met for
I'
I
issuance of the certificate of release to service, including subcontractor's release documents.

The organisation shall provide a copy of each certificate of release to service to the aircraft
rI ''
operator, together with a copy of any specific approved repair/modification data used for
L repairs/modifications carried out

r The organisation shall retain a copy of all detailed maintenance records and any associated
1
L maintenance data for two years from the date the component was released. The revision status
,. of the data used should be recorded.
,

L Records shall be stored in a safe way with regard to fire, flood and theft, Computer backup
discs, tapes etc. shall be stored in a different location from that containing the working discs,
I. 1,
, tapes etc., in an environment that ensures they remain in good condition .
L..;

r -,
Where an organisation terminates its operation, all retained maintenance records covering the
last two years shall be distributed to the last owner or customer of the component or shall be
I
~
stored as specified by the competent authority.
i'
L
Record Keeping for Modular Engines
r' Records for gas turbine engines made of several modules shall be kept for each module and
L shall include:

• total time and cycles in-service

L... • maintenance records
• records of mandatory maintenance requirements
I • engine manual life limited parts replacements
Li

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3-30 Module 10.3 Part-14S - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System LJ
© Copyright 2010
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on page 2 of this chapter
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14S.A.60 - Reporting
External Occurrence Reporting
The organisation shall report to the competent authority, the state of registry and the
I' organisation responsible for the design of the aircraft or component any condition of the aircraft
\
'- or component identified by the organisation that has resulted or may result in an unsafe
condition that hazards seriously the flight safety. In the UK this is known as the Mandatory
Occurrence reporting scheme. Full details may be found CAP 382.

r~ Examples of reporting:
L The following should be reported: Structural cracks; Distortion, corrosion or defect to primary
structure; Significant leak of hydraulic system Traces of burn of electrical systems, Emergency

L system failure. AD not carried out.

Who should the organisation report to?

l
Organisation
responsible for
the Type Design
I: or Supplemental
! .
w Tvpe Des
State of Registry
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Competent
Authority
r'L: Continuing
Airworthiness
Management
Oraanisation

Figure 3.7: Report destinations

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TIS Integrated Training System 3-31
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations

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Internal Occurrence Reporting n

The organisation shall establish an internal occurrence* reporting system, to:
U
n
• enable collection and evaluation of such reports lj
• identify trends, corrective actions taken to address deficiencies
• include evaluation of all known information related to such occurrences and circulate the
information as necessary.

The aim of occurrence reporting is to identify the factors contributing to incidents, and to make n
! )
the system resistant to similar errors. An occurrence reporting system should enable and ~ .1
encourage free and frank reporting of any (potentially) safety related occurrence. This will
be facilitated by the establishment of a just culture. An organisation should ensure that
personnel are not inappropriately punished for reporting or co-operating with occurrence
investigations.
J
:1
Reports shall be made as soon as practicable, but in any case within 72-hours. :J

The internal reporting process should be closed-loop, ensuring that actions are taken internally
to address safety hazards. Feedback to reportees, both on an individual and more general
basis, is important to ensure their continued support for the scheme.
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3-32 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System .J
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L 145.A.65 - Safety and Quality Policy
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i Quality Policy Contents

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The Part-145 approved maintenance organisation must establish a safety and quality policy for
r. the organisation to be included in the exposition. The organisation's procedures shall ensure
! !
good maintenance practices and compliance with all relevant requirements in Part-145 and
"-'
taking into account human factors and human performance.
r'
The safety and quality policy must include a statement in the MOE committing the AMO to:

• recognise safety as a prime consideration

• apply human factors principles
• encourage employees to report errors/incidents/failures (hazards)
• recognise that compliance with procedures, quality standards, safety standards and
regulation is the duty of all personnel,
• Recognise the need for all maintenance staff to co-operate with the quality auditors.

Critical Systems
The organisation shall establish procedures to minimise the risk of multiple errors and capture
errors on critical systems and that no person is required to carry out and inspect components of
the same type fitted to more than one system on the same aircraft during a particular
maintenance check. When only one person is available the organisation's work card shall
I include an additional stage for re-inspection of the work by this person after completion of all the
L same tasks.

Procedures
Procedures shall be established to ensure that damage is assessed and modifications and
r -, repairs are carried out using data approved by the Agency or by an approved Part-21 design
L organisation, as appropriate.

Maintenance procedures should reflect best practice within the organisation. It is the
responsibility of all organisations' employees to report any differences via their organisation's
internal occurrence reporting mechanisrns (See 145.A.60 (b)).
,r"1 '
! All procedures, and changes to those procedures, should be verified and validated before use
u
where practicable.

All technical procedures should be designed and presented in accordance with good human
factors principles. Procedures should be established to detect and rectify maintenance errors,
The following maintenance tasks should primarily be reviewed to assess their impact on safety:
,I i ,

U Installation, rigging and adjustments of flight controls, installation of aircraft engines, propellers
and rotors, Overhaul, calibration or rigging of components such as engines, propellers,
,r •
transmissions and gearboxes.
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Figure 3.8: Quality Control is a Part-145 requirement
I .
Signoffs L_ J
To ensure the task or group of tasks is completed it should only be signed-off after completion.
Work by unauthorised personnel (for example temporary staff, trainee) should be checked by "
,
i !
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authorised personnel before they sign-off. The grouping of tasks for the purpose of signing-off
should allow critical steps to be clearly identified.

A "sign-off" is a statement by the competent person performing or supervising the work, that the 1
task or group of tasks has been correctly performed. A sign-off relates to one step in the
maintenance process and is therefore different to the release to service of the aircraft.
"Authorised personnel" means; personnel formally authorised by the maintenance organisation 1
approved under Part-145 to sign-off tasks. "Authorised personnel" are not necessarily "certifying
staff'.

CDCCl Tasks
The Maintenance Organisation should ensure that when carrying out a modification, repair or ",
,

I I
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maintenance, Critical Design Configuration Control Limitations are not compromised; this will
require the development of appropriate procedures where necessary by the maintenance
organisation.
n
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Maintenance organisations can prevent adverse effects associated with wiring changes by n
standardising maintenance practices through training, rather than by periodic inspection. :,1
Training should be provided to end indiscriminate routing and splicing of wire and to provide

3-34 Module 10.3 Part·145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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comprehensive knowledge of critical design features of fuel tank systems that would be
L controlled by a Critical Design Configuration Control Limitation.

. ,
The exposition should contain information as applicable, on how the maintenance organisation
~
complies with Critical Design Configuration Control Limitations (COCCl) instructions.
The exposition should state how the completion of COCCl is traced .

-
. ,

Currently the only COCCL task is Fuel Tank Safety.

Guidance on training required can be found at Appendix IV to AMC 145.A.65

,r • Quality System
The Part-145 approved maintenance organisation must establish a quality system that includes;

r1 • Independent audits in order to monitor compliance with required aircraft! aircraft

i
L component standards and adequacy of the procedures to ensure that such procedures
invoke good maintenance practices and airworthy aircraft! aircraft components
I: • A quality feedback reporting system to the organisations management personnel, and
L.: ultimately to the Accountable Manager that ensures proper and timely corrective action is
taken in response to audit reports.
i
L The primary objectives of the quality system are to enable the organisation to ensure that
it can deliver a safe product and that it remains in compliance with the requirements
The independent audit is an objective process of routine sample checks of all aspects of the
organisation's ability to carry out all maintenance to the required standards and includes some
product sampling (an objective overview of the complete maintenance related activities)
,r - The audit is intended to complement the Part-145.50 (a) certifying staff inspection and should
L., include a percentage of random audits carried out on a sample basis when maintenance is
being carried out (overtime! nightshift).

L Product sampling should be completed on each product line every 12 months as a

( -
demonstration of the effectiveness of maintenance procedures compliance.
i
L It is recommended that procedure and product audits be combined by selecting a product, and
r "-, auditing all applicable procedures to ensure that the end result should be an airworthy product.

Product Sampling
The sample check of a product means to witness any relevant testing and visually inspect the
product and associated documentation. The sample check should not involve repeat
disassembly or testing.
, .
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u
For the purpose of the independent audit a product line includes any product under an approval
class rating as specified in the approval schedule issued to the particular organisation.
r '
i
~ It therefore follows for example that a maintenance organisation approved under Part-145 with a
capability to maintain aircraft, repair engines, brakes and autopilots would need to carry out 4
complete audit sample checks each year.

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L TIS Integrated Training System 3-35
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
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An essential element of the quality system is the quality feedback system. The principal function
of the quality feedback system is to ensure that all findings resulting from quality audits are
properly investigated and corrected in a timely manner and to enable the Accountable Manager
to be kept informed of any safety issues and the extent of compliance with Part-145.

Who can carry out audits? l

•. J
Personnel not responsible for the function, procedure or product can carry out audits. A large
AMO should have a dedicated quality audit group, whose sole function is to conduct audits, ,
,J
In medium size AMO, it is acceptable that audits be conducted by competent personnel not
responsible for the function, procedure or process (less than 500 employees). 'I,
'. J
In smallest organisation such audits may be contracted (less than 10 employees) - 2 audits in
12-months.

The Accountable Manager shall hold regular meetings with senior staff to check progress on
rectifications. In large organisations such meetings may be delegated to the quality manager r-,
subject to the AM meeting at least twice per year with senior staff and receiving at least a half
yearly report on findings.
I
All records of audits shall be retained at least 2 years after the date of clearance of the finding. ~ J

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3-36 Module 10.3 Part·145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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Administration of Part-145
r'
145.A.70 - Maintenance Organisation Exposition (MOE)
"Maintenance Organisation Exposition (MOE)" means the document or documents that contain
r' the material specifying the scope of work deemed to constitute approval and showing how the
r
~
, organisation intends to comply with this Part.

The organisation shall provide the Competent Authority with a MOE maintenance organisation
L exposition, containing the information summarised in AMC 145A70 (a).

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The MOE may be electronically processed. Minor amendment may be approved through an
L indirect approval. Indirect approval consists of delegated approval from the CA to the Quality
Manager of the approved organisation. The limits of indirect approval will be contained in a
.r
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' MOE procedure.

I
'-

,' 145.A.75 - Privileges of the organisation

I
i- The Part-145 approved maintenance organisation may only carry out the following tasks as
I ;
permitted by and in accordance with the MOE.
L • Maintain any aircraft or component for which it is approved at the locations identified in
r ' the approval certificate and in the Part-145 approved maintenance organisation
1
exposition.
• Arrange for maintenance of any aircraft component for which it is approved using a sub-
contractor.
i'
L
Working under the quality system of an organisation appropriately approved under Part-145
f' (sub contracting) refers to the case of one organisation, not itself appropriately approved to
!
Part-145 that carries out aircraft line maintenance or minor engine maintenance or maintenance
of other aircraft components or a specialised service as a subcontractor for an organisation
appropriately approved under Part-145. To be appropriately approved to subcontract the
organisation should have a procedure for the control of such subcontractors

• Maintain any aircraft or any component for which it is approved at any location subject to
the need for such maintenance arising either from the unserviceability of the aircraft or
from the necessity of supporting occasional line maintenance, subject to the conditions
r 1 specified in the exposition.
L • ;Aircraft line maintenance at locations listed in the MOE.
• Issue certificates of release to service in respect of above on completion of maintenance
r, -~
,
in accordance with Part-145.50,

, '
145.A.80 - Limitations of the Organisation
The approved maintenance organisation shall only maintain an aircraft or an aircraft component
for which it is approved when all required facilities, equipment, tooling, material, maintenance
r • data and certifying staff are available,
: i
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TIS Integrated Training System 3-37

© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
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14S.A.8S - Changes to the Organisation , I
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The organisation shall notify the competent authority of any of the following changes before
such changes take place:
, ,,
,

• Change in the name of the organisation.

• Main location.
, I

• Additional locations approved in the MOE. ,. ,i

• Change of the accountable manager, or any person designated in 145A.30(b)(Form 4
Post Holders). n
• Change in the facilities, material, tools, procedures, scope of work or certifying staff !
which could affect the approval. , ,

14S.A.90 - Continued Validity of Approval

An EASA Part-145 approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration subject to the authority
being satisfied that the organisation remains in compliance with this Part-145, subject to the
authority keeping open access to the organisation and the certificate not being surrendered or
revoked.
'. !
14S.A.9S - Findings
In the event that the CA has cause for concem about the product or the continued compliance
to Part-145 they can issue findings which are shown below. Note that Level 3 Comments are no
longer permitted.

• A level 1 finding is any significant non-compliance with Part-145 requirements which

1 ~_ J

lowers the safety standard and hazards seriously the flight safety.
• A level 2 finding is any non-compliance with the Part-145 requirements which could lower n
the safety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety.
• After receipt of notification of findings according to 145.B.50, the holder of the
maintenance organisation approval shall define a corrective action plan and demonstrate n ,
, ,
'. I
corrective action to the satisfacfion of the CA within a period agreed with this authority.

When during audits or by other means evidence is found showing non-compliance with the
requirements of Part-145, the competent authority shall take the following actions:
n
For level 1 findings: immediate action shall be taken by the competent authority to revoke, limit ,I
~J
or suspend in whole or in part, depending upon the extent of the level 1 finding, the
maintenance organisation approval, until successful corrective action has been taken by the n
organisation.

For level 2 findings: the corrective action period granted by the competent authority must be
appropriate to the nature of the finding but in any case initially must not be more than three , j
months. In certain circumstances and subject to the nature of the finding the competent
authority may extend the three month period subject to a satisfactory corrective action plan
agreed by the competent authority. I,
, ,
Action shall be taken by the competent authority to suspend in whole or part the approval in n
I
case of failure to comply within the timescale granted by the competent authority. i
I, _.J
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3-38 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System c.
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U Appendix 1 - Class Rating Limitation

CLASS RATING LIMITATION

AIRCRAFT A 1 Aeroplanes/ above 5 700 Will state aeroplane/series or
r ~ kg type and/or the maintenance
I
I
G task(s)
A2 Aeroplanes/5 700 kg and Will state Aeroplane/
,0--,
i ' below manufacturer or group
L or series or type and/or the
maintenance tasks
,r '' A3 Helicopters Will state helicopter
L manufacturer or group or
series or type and/or the
r maintenance task(s)
I
'-
A4 Aircraft other than A 1, A2 Will state aircraft series or
,r ' and A3 type and/or the maintenance
'-' task(s)
I ,
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I
ENGINES B1 Turbine Will state engine series or
G type and/or the maintenance
task(s)

L B2 Piston Will state engine manufacturer

or group or series or type
,( ~

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and/or the maintenance
'-'
task(s)
r ':
i B3APU Will state engine manufacturer
'- or series or type and/or the
maintenance task(s)

-
r' COMPONENTS C1 Air Conditioning and Will state aircraft type or
! aircraft manufacturer or
L OTHER THAN Press
COMPLETE ENGINES component
OR APUs manufacturer or the particular
L C2 Auto Flight
C3 Comms and Nav
component and/or cross refer
to a
capability list in the exposition
C4Doors- and/or the maintenance
Hatches task(s)

C5 Electrical Power
C6 Equipment
C7 Engine APU
C8 Flight Controls
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LJ TIS Integrated Training System 3-39

© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations Use andfor disclosure is
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C9 Fuel - Airframe ,

C10 Helicopter- .1
Rotors n
C11 Helicopter- ·,,, J,
Trans
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C12 Hydraulic , I
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C 13 Instruments i,
,

C14 Landing Gear

C15 Oxygen

C16 Propellers
C17 Pneumatic

C 18 Protection ice/
rain/fire --,
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C19 Windows

C20 Structure
SPECIALISED SERVICES D1 Non-Destructive Testing Will state particular NDT
Method
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3-40 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System ·!
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The following table identifies the ATA Specification 100 chapter for the category C component
Rating
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CLASS RATING CHAPTER
COMPONENTS OTHER
THAN COMPLETE ENGINES C1 Air Cond & Press 21
ORAPUs C2 Auto FliQht 22
C3 Comms and Nav 23 - 34
,rj •,
,
~
C4 Doors - Hatches 52

C5 Electrical Power 24 - 33
C6 Equipment 25 - 38 - 45
-
-
C7 Engine - APU 49 - 71 - 72 - 73 - 74 - 75 - 76
, .
I -77-78-79-80-81-82-
U 83
C8 Flight Controls 27 - 55 - 57.40 - 57.50 -57.60
r .
I - 57.70
L C9 Fuel - Airframe 28
[ 1
C 10 Helicopters Rotors 62 - 64 - 66 - 67

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C11 Helicopter - Trans 63 - 65
r C12 Hydraulic 29
'- C13 Instruments 31
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L C14 Landing Gear 32
f ' C15 Oxygen 35
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C 16 Propellers 61
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L

,I . C 18 Protection ice/rain/fire 26 - 30
C19 Windows 56
C20 Structural 53 - 54 - 57.10 - 57.20 - 57.
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The following list of explanations is taken from Appendix III of Part-145.

1. Except as stated otherwise for the smallest organisation in paragraph 12, Table 1 outlines
the full extent of approval possible under Part-145 in a standardised form. An organisation
must be granted an approval ranging from a single class and rating with limitations to all
classes and ratings with limitations.
2. In addition to Table 1 the Part-145 approved maintenance organisation is required by n
u
145.A.20 to indicate scope of work in the maintenance organisation exposition. See also
paragraph 11.
3. Within the approval class(es) and rating(s) granted by the Member State, the scope of work n
, .

L.J
specified in the maintenance organisation exposition defines the exact limits of approval. It
is therefore essential that the approval class(es) and rating(s) and the organisation's scope
of work are compatible.
4. A category A class rating means that the Part-145 approved maintenance organisation may
carry out maintenance on the aircraft and any component (including engines/APUs) only n
whilst such components are fitted to the aircraft except that such components can be i, >i
temporarily removed for maintenance when such removal is expressly permitted by the
aircraft maintenance manual to improve access for maintenance subject to a control
procedure in the maintenance organisation exposition acceptable to the Member State The
limitation section will specify the scope of such maintenance thereby indicating the extent of
approval. :-:!
5. A category B class rating means that the Part-145 approved maintenance organisation may .,._ J,
carry out maintenance on the uninstalled engine/APU ('Auxiliary Power Unit') and
engine/APU components only whilst such components are fitted to the engine/APU except
that such components can be temporarily removed for maintenance when such removal is
expressly permitted by the engine/APU manual to improve access for maintenance. The
limitation section will specify the scope of such maintenance thereby indicating the extent of
approval. A Part-145 approved maintenance organisation with a category B class rating
may also carry out maintenance on an installed engine during 'base' and 'line' maintenance
subject to a control procedure in the maintenance organisation exposition. The maintenance
organisation exposition scope of work shall reflect such activity where permitted by the
Member State.
6. A category C class rating means that the Part-145 approved maintenance organisation may
carry out maintenance on uninstalled components (excluding engines and APUs) intended
for fitment to the aircraft or engine/APU. The limitation section will specify the scope of such
maintenance thereby indicating the extent of approval. A Part-145 approved maintenance
organisation with a category C class rating may also carry out maintenance on an installed
component during base and line maintenance or at an engine/APU maintenance facility
subject to a control procedure in the maintenance organisation exposition. The maintenance
organisation exposition scope of work shall reflect such activity where permitted by the
Member State.
7. A category D class rating is a self contained class rating not necessarily related to a specific
aircraft, engine or other component. The D1 - Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) rating is only ',. J

necessary for a Part-145 approved maintenance organisation that carries out NDT as a
particular task for another organisation. A Part-145 approved maintenance organisation with
a class rating in A or B or C category may carry out NDT on products it is maintaining
subject to the maintenance organisation exposition containing NDT procedures, without the
need for a D1 class rating.

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3-42 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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I 8. Category A class ratings are subdivided into 'Base' or 'Line' maintenance. A Part-145
W approved maintenance organisation may be approved for either 'Base' or 'Line'
maintenance or both. It should be noted that a 'Line' facility located at a main base facility
iI requires a 'Line' maintenance approval.
w 9. The 'limitation' section is intended to give the Member State maximum flexibility to
r
customise the approval to a particular organisation. Table 1 specifies the types of limitation
I possible and whilst maintenance is listed last in each class rating it is acceptable to stress
L the maintenance task rather than the aircraft or engine type or manufacturer, if this is more
r '
appropriate to the organisation. An example could be avionic systems installations and
I maintenance.
\....0
10. Table 1 makes reference to series, type and group in the limitation section of class A and B.
Series means a specific type series such as Airbus 300 or 310 or 319 or Boeing 737-300
I
series or RB211-524 series etc. Type means a specific type or model such as Airbus 310-
L 240 type or RB 211-524 B4 type etc. Any number of series or types may be quoted. Group
means for example Cessna single piston engined aircraft or Lycoming non-supercharged
piston engines etc.
11. When a lengthy capability list is used which could be subject to frequent amendment, then
such amendment shall be in accordance with a procedure acceptable to the Member State
I and included in the maintenance organisation exposition. The procedure shall address the
L
issues of who is responsible for capability list amendment control and the actions that need
r: to be taken for amendment. Such actions include ensuring compliance with Part-145 for
L· products or services added to the list.

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3-44 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations ITS Integrated Training System l ;
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L.: Annex II - The EASA Form-1

lUFTFldiRl·SlJINDESAMT
AUTHORIZED RELEASE CERTIFICATE
,( ,, IG.ml.an~
A\rn.*""*,, Fr<i;;lIlhWtbWiritli?tIVJ
, EASAFORM 1
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U

r:.ert!hi~ tMt:!tlll \VA\;. ~[i,u1 m Mcd\ 171!:! w.l~ rJlffiPl! (;I1j\ in

axw.!;mc6 wl:h FAfll PIV\ .1") Ilrrl h "'4I1X'A t? in", Wl.)(\. UHf NH~~ I
isiruc} >J.W1"{f~ tot (lilV'l1 W t4)rlt'Cl1 f.'.oJtoor!! i5b:.tli\!1 "f W-'i' flitmif
lV11 ttl fd.v ne!N~ {qemJr sb;~1 (.;n:UJf O[ljqr l'll> _

r2l PJtt~14SA 00 R(}ll~to Stirvictl 0 Olflcr

I ' o f<",~:<rav'~_1I1tot lOP','\<;'

i o 12 a.'X\
Nii).w.dMU,<V.
'-

[ ,
i'-'
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I
L
,r '
Figure 3.9: An example of the EASA Form-1
L
General
,r The certificate shall comply with the format as example provided in Part-145 including block
L
numbers in that each block must be located as per the layout. The size of each block may
however be varied to suit the individual application, but not to the extent that would make the
r' certificate unrecognisable. The overall size of the certificate may be significantly increased or
L
decreased so long as the certificate remains recognisable and legible. If in doubt consult your
Member State.
,I .
L
All printing shall be clear and legible to permit easy reading.

The certificate shall either be pre-printed or computer generated but in either case the printing
of lines and characters must be clear and legible, Pre-printed wording is permitted in
, ' accordance with the attached model but no other certification statements are permitted.
L English and, where relevant, the language(s) of the Member State concerned are acceptable.

r:
L.J TIS Integrated Training System 3-45
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part·145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations Use and/or disclosure is
governed bl t~~ stat~menl
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Completion of the certificate may be in English when it is used for export purposes, otherwise it
can be completed in the official language(s) of the Member State concerned.

The details to be entered on the certificate can be either machine/computer printed or ,

L___ J
handwriting using block letters and must permit easy reading.

Abbreviations must be restricted to a minimum.

The space remaining on the reverse side of the certificate may be used by the originator for any ,....,
additional information but must not include any certification statement. ! I
l ;

The original certificate must accompany the items and correlation must be established between n
i
the certificate and the items. A copy of the certificate must be retained by the organisation that IJ
manufactured or maintained the item.
i
Where the certificate format and data is entirely computer generated, subject to acceptance by LJ
the Member State, it is permissible to retain the certificate format and data on a secure
database.

Where a single certificate was used to release a number of items and those items are
subsequently separated out from each other, such as through a parts distributor, then a copy of n
the original certificate must accompany such items and the original certificate must be retained :.i
by the organisation that received the batch of items. Failure to retain the original certificate
could invalidate the release status of the items. n

NOTE: There is no restriction in the number of copies of the certificate sent to the customer or
retained by the originator. ii
, ;
U
The certificate that accompanies the item may be attached to the item by being placed in an
envelope for durability. i
I
L,
I
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, i
3-46 TIS Integrated Training System ,_ J
Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
© Copyright 2010
Use and/or disclosure is
governed by the statement ---,1
on page 2 of this chapter , i
" i
 II'

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r '
1 i

L Completion of the Release Certificate by the Originator

( 1 Except as otherwise stated, there must be an entry in all blocks to make the document a valid
certificate.
L
Block 1 The name and country of the Member State under whose approval the certificate was
issued. This information may be pre-printed.

r • Block 2 Pre-printed 'Authorised Release certificate/EASA Form 1'.

,r
~

Block 3 A unique number shall be pre-printed in this block for certificate control and traceability
I •
purposes except that in the case of a computer generated document, the unique number need
not be pre-printed where the computer is programmed to produce the number.

Block 4 The full name and address plus mailing address if different of the approved
organisation releasing the items covered by this certificate. This block may be pre-printed.
Logos, etc., are permitted if the logo can be contained within the block.

Block 5 Its purpose is to reference work order/contracUinvoice or any other intemal

organisational process such that a fast traceability system can be established.
r '
i
L.; Block 6 This block is provided for the convenience of the organisation issuing the certificate to
permit easy cross reference to the 'Remarks' Block 13 by the use of item numbers. Completion
, '
is not mandatory.
iL
Where a number of items are to be released on the certificate, it is permissible to use a
r separate listing cross-referring certificate and list to each other.
i
~

Block 7 The name or description of the item shall be given. Preference shall be given to use of
I .
, the Illustrated Parts Catalogue (IPC) designation.
L
Block 8 State the Part Number. Preference shall be given to use of the IPC number
( . designation.
L
Block 9 Used to indicate the Type-Approved products for which the released items are eligible
r. for installation.
L
Completion of block is optional but if used, the following entries are permitted:
I 1
\ ,

L a. The specific or series aircraft, engine, propeller or auxiliary power unit model, or a reference
r '
to a readily available catalogue or manual which contains such information, for example:
I ' 'A300'.
[ ,
~
b. 'Various', if known to be eligible for installation on more than one model of Type-Approved
I
, . '
product, unless the originator wishes to restrict usage to a particular model installation when
it shall so state.
c. 'Unknown', if eligibility is unknown, this category being primarily for use by maintenance
I • organisations.
i
L~

I 1
:
L TIS Integrated Training System 3-47
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
Use and/or disclosure is
r . g~v~~n_e~_ by ~~~L.s~a~.:~~~~
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; !
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NOTE: Any information in Block 9 does not constitute authority to fit the item to a particular ! ,
,

aircraft, engine, propeller or auxiliary power unit. The User/installer shall confirm via documents '. J
such as the Parts Catalogue, Service Bulletins, etc. that the item is eligible for the particular
installation.

Block 10 State the number of items being released. ..,

,
~
i, _.J
Block 11 State the item Serial Number and/or Batch Number if applicable, if neither is
applicable, state 'N/A'. ,"
Block 12 The following words in quotation marks, with their definitions, indicate the status of the
- ,I'
i
,

item being released.

One or a combination of these words shall be stated in this block:

1. OVERHAULED
The restoration of a used item by inspection, test and replacement in conformity with an
approved standard (*) to extend the operational life.

2. INSPECTEDITESTED
The examination of an item to establish conformity with an approved standard (*). .,
, .Ji
l.

3. MODIFIED
The alteration of an item in conformity with an approved standard (*).
l
cJ
4. REPAIRED
The restoration of an item to a serviceable condition in conformity with an approved standard ~,
, :
,,
i
(*). ,

5. RETREADED
The restoration of a used tyre in conformity with an approved standard (*).

6. REASSEMBLED ni
I, ,
The reassembly of an item in conformity with an approved standard (*). L_-'

Example: A propeller after transportation.

NOTE: This provision shall only be used in respect of items which were originally fully
assembled by the manufacturer in accordance with manufacturing requirements such as, but
not limited to, Part-21.
.,
(*) Approved Standard means a manufacturing/design/maintenance/quality standard approved i
by the competent authority.

The above statements shall be supported by reference in Block 13 to the approved ni

L ___ !
data/manual/specification used during maintenance.

Block 13 It is mandatory to state any information in this block either direct or by reference to
supporting documentation that identifies particular data or limitations relating to the items being

, '
3-48 Module 10.3 Part-14S - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System L . .;

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r' released that are necessary for the User/installer to make the final airworthiness determination
of the item, Information shall be clear, complete, and provided in a form and manner which is
, , adequate for the purpose of making such a determination,

Each statement shall be clearly identified as to which item it relates,

r If there is no statement, state 'None',

L
Some examples of the information to be quoted are as follows:
r 1
, - The identity and issue of maintenance documentation used as the approved standard,
~

- Airworthiness Directives carried out and/or found carried out, as appropriate,

I ' - Repairs carried out and/or found carried out, as appropriate,
L - Modifications carried out and/or found carried out, as appropriate,
- Replacement parts installed and/or parts found installed, as appropriate,
, ' - Life limited parts history,
I,
- Deviations from the customer work order.
L
- Identity of other regulation if not Part-145,
I ' - Release statements to satisfy a foreign maintenance requirement
! - Release statements to satisfy the conditions of an international maintenance agreement such
l..-
as, but not limited to, the Canadian Technical Arrangement Maintenance and the USA Bilateral
I ' Aviation Safety Agreement - Maintenance Implementation Procedure,
I
'- NOTE: The latter two statements allow the possibility of dual release against both Part-145 and
I ' a foreign maintenance requirement or the single release by a Part-145 approved maintenance
organisation against a foreign maintenance requirement However care should be exercised to
tick the relevant box(es) in block 19 to validate the release, It should also be noted that the dual
release requires the approved data to be approved/accepted by both the Member State and the
appropriate foreign State and the single release requires the approved data to be
approved/accepted only by the appropriate foreign State,
r.
I

L Blocks 14, 15, 16, 17 & 18: Must not be used for maintenance tasks by Part-145 approved
maintenance organisations,
,.
L These blocks are specifically reserved for the release/certification of newly manufactured items
in accordance with Part 21 and national aviation regulations in force prior to Part-21 becoming
fully effective,

Block 19 Contains the required release to service statement for all maintenance by Part 145
r I approved maintenance organisations, When non Part-145 maintenance is being released block
L 13 shall specify the particular national regulation,

r • In any case the appropriate box shall be 'ticked' to validate the release,
L:
The certification statement 'except as otherwise specified in block 13' is intended to address the
following situations;

,! '
(a) The case where the maintenance could not be completed,
' (b) The case where the maintenance deviated from the standard required by Part-145,
I
W

rI '.
l..- TIS Integrated Training System 3-49
© Copyright 2010 Module 1 0.3 Part~145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
Use and/or disclosure is
( , governed by the statement
....... ,.,,,,,'" 'J "I thi~ ... h",nl<>c
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~:
(c) The case where the maintenance was carried out in accordance with a non Part-145 i i

requirement.
',.J

Whichever case or combination of cases shall be specified in block 13.

Block 20 For the signature of the certifying staff authorised by the Part-145 approved
maintenance organisation. This signature can be computer printed subject to the Member State """I
u
being satisfied that only the signatory can direct the
computer and that a signature is not possible on a blank computer generated form.
l .. !
Block 21 The Part-145 approved maintenance organisation reference number given by the
Member State.

Block 22 The printed name of the Block 20 signatory and personal authorisation reference.

Block 23 The date of signing the Block 19 release to service. (dImly). The month shall appear
in letters e.g. Jan, Feb, Mar etc. The release to service shall be signed at the 'completion of
maintenance' .
'1
I
c.. J
Please note the User Responsibility Statements are on the reverse of this certificate. These
statements may be added to the front of the certificate below the bottom line by reducing the
depth of the form. 1 ,--.:

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3-50 Module 10.3 Part-14S - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System
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,· ,
Annex III - An Example of an EASA Form 3 Approval Certificate

Page 1 01 2
(' 1
i
L
United Kingdom
,
i
L Civil Aviation Authority
,f ;

! ":
APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
REFERENCE: lIK.14S.0021i

PUJsuant Lo Cammjssion R~uLJlajiO"l rEC) r.Jo 2Qt;;2i2{:O:J.1DF 1he I

-ccndiuorl!:- ~peclfif;;l:d b~llolJ'l, lhe Uni~ed Kir.gdom C4 f til twia{'

,
I
'

L
,, 1) JECCO HOUSE'
I BaSCOMBE GROVe ROAD

DORSET
r ' IlH14PD
I' -
,3S a Part- t4:5 m.;;tinten::moe ! appro\,.0(j to m~Hnlaih it'll? products lisled in the al taGh-ed
':;lpptoval sd1Bdule ane iSSUE H;.La1ed ~rHficales 01 rete.rlse to serVfce u:3ing I.fle fi:::u)Vi:! roE!ference

L CONDITIONS

, '
1 This i:lpproval is lirn:ited 10 tbJJ1 specified ;n the scope of gppro'li:ll Sl':!'CLlDll of the Part-145 SDprOfJed
i main1enance ar.ganisation e:qJosi1kln. nnd
L
Trlls ap9FO\'z,d requir.f::!s compliance with '!hp.. prooodures soecifjelj in U1C P":lfl·145 ilppn::ov-ed
maln181i--nr'lCI} mganis:aUon oxpo:!illior'l, arid
r'
I .
'-' This. ,approvat is valid whilsl lhe appto'iod r";('HIVmeflaniC8 ar.ganisaticm fF.mi1ms. ~n comollan{;(! 'Nitll
Part-145.

r~ 4. Subject to C{.l{1,piiHnce lllib the ft::'f&gCling c;!1nditil}ns. thjs (I;mrO ..'3! shall r't!tnD!fi ';.;)hd I~ an
L LJnljm~ted -dur.ntion unO! ~hfl appr'O\·al is surrendered, superseded. suspended or revok,:;d

r
L Date 01 issue: 14 DECEMBER 199:>

r ' Oat.. of revision: 1 JULY 2004 For 111" Civil A~;3tI0l' Aulhorlty
L
,.
I

L
TIS Integrated Training System 3-51
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
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APPROVALSCHEOULE

lCOlIlPANY NAME] MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION

!\~.OOl

CLASS RATING UM[fAHOn uNE

x

,l.) ~lilrwJ i;:rr::;hpo 5 Hr) ¥(ll1wl x

tdr.w
...............• .:c:::..................................................... ......... ; ...................................................................................... L ................................... :.................................... i
E<l T1J'bilU r;ub, S'"IIDS
...................................
COt.lF\)i\iENTS OTHER Cl MCcnd&Pt~ ,~j;lu:>A1l1).·2X
fI-L"JJ COMPLE1E
[HGINES CH !;Fllh

.~rblf'. & 01 il;'G [r:;W\Pllr:~

. . .............................................................. :::::~.I. . Ftlf):r.;:, - Aru OTt/!.. F'~ Ctn!((Ji

Thl'a approval schooulfi 1& IImi"ed to t;,o~ product" .911d actrviUes 'SF'ec'liet.l in the <;;:
of9anlsatil;ln exposition.

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D.ne of issoo;
'I
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Signed:

Fartno cOll'f}otcnt Iwthority

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3-52 Module 10.3 Part·145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TTS Integrated Training System
"I
'.-"J

Use and/or disclosure is

© Copyright 2010
governed by the statement
on page 2 of this chapter
, ,
{ .
i
L....

( . Integrated Training System

L Designed in association with the
clubG6pro.co. uk question practic(::, aid

r '
i
.....;
Acronyms and Abbreviations
,.
!I
w AD Airworthiness Directive - a directive issued by the Authority to carry-out a
mandatory modification or inspection.

i
'-
AFM Approved Flight Manual

AGNA Advisory Group of National Authorities - A sub-committee of EASA

,I
L....

AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance - Interpretive material for the EASA

I •
I Implementing Rules (See also GM).
L
AMM Aircraft Maintenance Manual
,
\,
.
L.. AMP Approved Maintenance Programme

r ! ANO Air Navigation Order - The UK's Statutory Instrument for Air Law. Published by
i
L Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and in loose-leaf version by the CM as
,. CAP 393
I
I
~ AOC Air Operator's Certificate - AWarded to an operator by the CM to show
compliance with EU-OPS.
i .
I
!
APU Auxiliary Power Unit
,, '
I ARC Airworthiness Review Certificate - a certificate required by an aircraft in order to .
L keep its Certificate of Airworthiness continually valid.
iI
ASB Alert Service Bulletin
U
I . ATA Air Transport Association of America
I .
i
w
ATS Air Traffic Standards
t 1
i AWOPS All Weather Operations
'-'

r • BCAR British Civil Airworthiness Requirements - The UK's National Requirements for all
i EASA exempt UK registered aircraft.
U
r "j CA Competent Authority of EASA - The National Aviation Authority (NM) of an EU
l Member State

r , CM Civil Aviation Authority - The UK's National Aviation authority and Competent
l Authority of EASA.

CAT Commercial Air Transport

!•
w

TIS Integrated Training System 3-53

© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
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CAIP Civil Aircraft Inspection Procedures - the predecessor to CMIP. Not published :" i
since 1985. LJ

CMIP Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Information and Procedures - A non-mandatory and

non-quotable document, published by the CM as CAP 592

CAME Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition

CAP Civil Aviation Publication - The CM's documentation numbering system.

II
CAMO Continued Airworthiness Management Organization - A Part-M Sub Part G
'. J
organisation.

CDCCl Critical Design Configuration Control Limitations

CDl Configuration Deviation List

CMM Component Maintenance Manual

C of A Certificate of Airworthiness
"II
CRS Certificate of Release to Service I

CS Certification Specification - EASA Design and Airworthiness Codes c-,

, I
I '
~ ..J
CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder

DH Decision Height

EAD Emergency Airworthiness Directive

EASA European Aviation Safety Agency

~

EC European Commission u
I
EU European Union

EM Engine Manual

ETOPS Extended Range Twin Operations

ETSO European Technical Services Order

EU-OPS The requirements for an Air Operators Certificate for operation of an aircraft for
CAT. Replaces by JAR-OPS :l
, i
~ .J

FM Federal Aviation Administration - The National Aviation Authority (NM) of the

United States of America

~
, I
3-54 Module 10.3 Part·145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System c ]
© Copyright 2010
Use and/or disclosure is
governed by the statement ~,

on page 2 of this chapter

l
 ,
'--

( Integrated Training System

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(
,
, FCL Flight Crew Licensing
L..

! , FDR Flight Data Recorder

iI....
FH Flying Hours
! .

GA General Aviation - Activity and operation of aircraft of MTOM less than 5700 kg.
L.-

f -., GM Guidance Material - Interpretive material for the EASA Implementing Rules (See
alsoAMC)
c..;

GIS Glideslope
i
L,
lATA International Air Transport Association
r•
! ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
L

, ' IPC Illustrated Parts Manual

!,
c...;
JAA Joint Aviation Authorities - The predecessor of EASA, now dissolved.
I:
I~ JAR Joint Aviation Regulations - Aviation regulations devised and promulgated by
EASA and implemented into all JAA member states. Now superseded by EASA
r. Regulations and Implementing Rules.
:
~

JAR-OPS The original requirements for an Air Operators Certificate for operation of an
,. aircraft for CAT. Now replaced by EU-OPS.
i
L;
LWTR Licence Without Type Rating - A Licence issued by the CAAunder BCAR
( '~,
Section L. Now only applicable to personnel certifying non-EASA aircraft
;
L..
MEL Minimum Equipment List
r '
,i
L; MMEL Master Minimum Equipment List

I, " MPD Maintenance Planning Document

L
MRB Maintenance Review Board
.r '
ic...; MTOM Maximum Take-Off Mass
r '
I, MTOW Maximum Take-Off Weight
L
MTWA Maximum Take-off Weight Authorized (now replaced by MTOM in metric system)
,r
~ NAA National Aviation Authority - the aviation authority of any individual state

(, ! RVR Runway Visual Range

'-'

! ~
! :
w TTS Integrated Training System 3-55
© Copyright 2010 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations Use and/or disclosure is
go_v_e~n~e~d~ by ~~;. . ~~a~:~_~?:
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RVSM Reduced Vertical Separation Minima

SB Service Bulletin

SL Service Letter
,J
~.
, i
SMI Scheduled Maintenance Inspection , ,
~_ J

SMP Standard Maintenance Practice

SRG Safety Regulation Group - A sub-group of the UK CAA.

Ii '
SRM Structural Repair Manual

STC Supplementary Type Certificate

, t

TC Type Certificate
I ,
The Agency EASA L.J

UK The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island I

~ ,
L..l
UN United Nations
'I
WMIINDM Wiring ManualllNiring Diagram Manual I
._-
f
)

--,
,L ):'

II
L. J

-,
, 1
,
3-56 Module 10.3 Part-145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System '~~j

© Copyright 2010
Use and/or disclosure is

"i
governed by the statement
on page 2 of this chapter
" J
L
Integrated Training System
L Designed in associaUon with tl1e
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L Worksheet 10.3
Use the following worksheet to revise your knowledge. It may require you to investigate some of
the references quoted at the beginning of this section. However most of the information is
contained in this document.
i •
1 '
, 1. Part-145 is Annex II to what (EC) directive?
W

1
L. 2. What is the descriptive title of Part-145?
r •
i
~

3. To what is Part-145 applicable?

L
4. An organisation based within an EU member state applies to whom for Part-145 approval?
r'
L
5. An organisation based outside an EU member state applies to whom for Part-145
r.
approval?
L
6. Who is responsible for ensuring that all maintenance required is carried out to the
standards of Part-145?
I.
1 I

7. What is the purpose of the category C certifying staff?

!
~

8. What is the purpose of the 81 and 82 support staff?

r•
L
,
I
. 9. What is the purpose of the category A certifying staff?
I ,
L
,
1
.
1 10. For what task may the commander of an aircraft be issued with a limited certification
'-
authorisation?

r •
L
.,
L TIS Integrated Training System
Module 10.3 Part·145 - Approved Maintenance Organisations
3-57
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. . .i

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11. If an aircraft is grounded at a location other than the main base, where no certifying staff is
available, summarise the two persons who could certify the maintenance required to
render the aircraft airworthy. ;,
i :

Ii

12. Within what time period must a report be made, after the case described in Q.6, and to
n,
,
. I
'" ..1
whom is the report made?
n
~_ J
13. In any consecutive 2-year period, how much experience must a category B1 and B2
support staff have had on "relevant" aircraft? n,
. jI
'~

14. How much "continuation training" must a category B1 and B2 support staff receive in a 2- ~
, I

year period?
,
,
.

L. .J

15. Who, within a Part-145 organisation, issues certification authorisations?

16. For how long are records of category B1 and B2 support staff retained?

n,
,

17. How long does a certifying staff have, to produce his/her certification authorisation to the !
c_ )
!
CAA or EASA?

18. What is the minimum age of a category B1 or B2 support staff?

19. What is the name of the certificate of release to service that is issued after maintenance to
a component whilst off the aircraft?
.,,
,
, ,
l..J

20. Under what conditions maya component be fitted to an aircraft without a certificate of
release to service being issued?

21. For how long are maintenance records kept by the Part-145 organisation?

~
, I
; 1
:..1
22. To whom is an 'occurrence' reported under the MOR scheme?

; 1
i I
3-58 Module 10.3 Part-14S - Approved Maintenance Organisations TIS Integrated Training System u
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governed by the statement
~
on page 2 of this chapter I I
, J
,
f
r
l....

( , Integrated Training System

iL.; Designed in association with tile
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r '

i 23. What is the definition of an "occurrence"?

'-'

I .
, '
24. To whom is a report under 'intemal occurrence reporting sent?
L~

r '
I !
25. What is reported under the Internal Occurrence Reporting Scheme?

{ ,
26. Can the Quality Assurance department be sub-contracted to anther organisation?
L
r '
r
'-
27. Quality feedback reports are provided ultimately to whom?
I
l....

r 28. Can a Part-145 organisation sub-contract a base maintenance check or a complete

!
L maintenance check to another organisation?

L 29. Which level of "Finding" is most severe?

L 30. What is specified in the "limitation" column on the Approval Certificate?

! .
u 31. What is the 'Capability List' referred to on the Approval certificate for a Category C
approval?
f'w 32. What is a CDCCl Task?
( ,
,, ,

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with?
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34. Who is required to have Initial Human Factors Training in a Part-145 organisation?
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35. 35 What does Continuation Training consist of and how often should it take place?
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36. What are the 5 categories that parts and spares classified into?

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37. Summarise the work that may be carried out by the following Part-145 class ratings:
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o Category C

o Category 0

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Aviation Legislation
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10.4 JAR-OPS - Commercial Air
Transportation
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Copyright Notice
© Copyright. All worldwide rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any other means whatsoever: i.e.
photocopy, electronic, mechanical recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of
Total Training Support Ltd.
"II
, I

Knowledge Levels - Category A, 81,82 and C Aircraft

Maintenance Licence i i
l1
Basic knowledge for categories A, B1 and B2 are indicated by the allocation of knowledge levels indicators (1, 2 or
3) against each applicable subject. Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or the category 82
basic knowledge levels.
The knowledge level indicators are defined as follows:
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LEVEL 1 il
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• A familiarisation with the principal elements of the subject.
Objectives:
• The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject.
• The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and
examples.
• The applicant should be able to use typical terms.
"Ji
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LEVEL 2
• A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.
• An ability to apply that knowledge.
Objectives:
• The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject.
• The applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical
examples.
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• The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws describing the ~
subject. I
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• The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and schematics describing the t .•. J
subject.
• The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures.

LEVEL 3
•
•
A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.
A capacity to combine and' apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive
manner.
I
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Objectives:
• The applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects. !lI
I

• The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals
and specific examples.
• The applicant should understand and be able to use mathematical formulae related to the subject.
• The applicant should be able to read, understand and prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics
describing the subject.
• The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's
instructions. I
L• .J
• The applicant should be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply
corrective action where appropriate.

4-2 Module 10.4 JAR-OPS - Commercial Air Transportation TIS Integrated Training System
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Table of Contents
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Module 10.4 JAR-OPS - Commercial Air Transportation 7

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General 7
I' Air Operators Certificate (AOC) 8
L Operator's Responsibilities 11
I Documents to be Carried 12
L Manuals to be Carried 12
Additional Information and Forms to be Carried 12
I Aircraft Placarding (Markings) 13
L
Extracts from EU-OPS Relevant to Maintenance Staff 15
r '
Sub Part B - General 17
I Minimum Equipment Lists Operator Responsibilities 17
Information on emergency and survival equipment carried 17
I '
I Authority to taxi an aeroplane 17
L Documents to Be Carried 18
Additional Information and Forms to be Carried 18

U Loss of Documents
Information Retained On the Ground
19
19
C '
Re/Defuelling With Passengers Embarking, on Board or Disembarking 19
i '
Push Back and Towing 20
L 21
Subpart J - Mass and Balance
I; Mass and Balance General 21
L Aeroplane Loading 22
Mass and Balance Documentation 22
Computerised Systems 23
[ Sub Part K - Instruments and Equipment 25
r -; Circuit Protection Devices 25
I Aeroplane Operating Lights 25
~
Windshield Wipers 26
Additional equipment for single pilot operation under IFR or at night 26
I'
Ground Proximity Waming System and Terrain Awareness Warning System 26
L Equipment for Operations in Icing Conditions 26
r !
Cockpit Voice Recorders 1 27
I Cockpit Voice Recorders 2 27
L Flight Data Recorders 28
Combination Recorder 28
l Marking of Break-In Points
Emergency lighting
29
29
31
U Sub Part M - Aeroplane Maintenance
General 31

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Sub Part P - Manuals, Logs and Records _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

General Rules for Operations Manuals
33
33 n
Operations Manual Structure and Contents 34
Aeroplane Flight Manual
Sub Part R - Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
34
35
n
Definition
Approval to Transport Dangerous Goods
35
35
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Limitations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods 35
Acceptance of Dangerous Goods 36 :--]
, I
Inspection for Damage, Leakage or Contamination 36 l. j
Removal of Contamination 37
Loading restrictions 37 ~

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Acronyms and Abbreviations 39
Worksheet 10.4 43
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Module 10.4 Enabling Objectives

Objective EASA 66 Reference Level

JAR-OPS - Commercial Air Transportation 10.4 1

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L Module 10.4 JAR-OPS - Commercial Air

f ,

LJ Transportation
r' References: JAR-OPS 1 and 3, and its AMC/GM
i
L EU-OPS, and its AMC/GM

L In June 2008 the original EASA Basic Regulation 1592/2002 was replaced by Basic
Regulation 21612008. Amongst other things, a new Annex IV was included and legislated
I' for operation of aircraft under the name Air Operations or 'EU-OPS'.
L
EU-OPS 1 has superseded JAR-OPS 1. However the content of EU-OPS 1 is for the time
r" being the same as JAR-OPS 1. The EASA Part 66 syllabus continues to refer to JAR-OPS.
L These Study Notes will refer to EU-OPS in anticipation of EASA bringing up-to-date their
syllabus in Part-66 (Appendix I).
i'
L JAR-OPS-3 (Helicopters) continues to be valid until 2012.

I~ General
L An operator shall not operate an aircraft for the purpose of Commercial Air Transportation
(CAT) other than in accordance with JAR-OPS (Aeroplanes) or JAR-OPS 3 (Helicopters),
r~
L Where the regulations apply to both the number is omitted, For the purpose of these notes the
word aircraft should be taken to mean either aeroplane or helicopter
r Each aircraft shall be operated in compliance with the terms of its Certificate of Airworthiness
L
and within the approved limitations contained in its aircraft flight manual.
!'
Air Taxi and aircraft Emergency Medical Service (EMS) operations shall be conducted in
accordance with the requirements contained in JAR-OPS 1 except for the variations contained
Ii in subpart Q, appendices A and B respectively.
,

'-'
All Synthetic Training Devices (STD), such as flight simulators or flight training devices
replacing an aircraft for training and/or checking purposes are to be qualified in accordance with
the applicable EASA requirements and user approved by the authority for the exercises to be
conducted.
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Air Operators Certificate (AOC)

JAR-OPS 1.175 Subpart C and ff

An applicant for an AOC, or variation of an AOC, shall allow the authority to examine all safety
aspects of the proposed operation.
,. J
An applicant for an AOC must:
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• Must have a sound and effective management structure in order to ensure the safe L. J
conduct of air operations.

• Not hold an AOC issued by another authority unless specifically approved by the
authorities concerned.

• Have his principal place of business and his registered office located in the state
responsible for issuing the AOC.

• Have registered the aircraft which are to be operated under the AOC in the state
responsible for issuing the AOC.

• Satisfy the authority that he is able to conduct safe operations.

The operator must satisfy the authority that: ,J

• Its organisation and management are suitable and properly matched to the scale and
scope of the operation

• Procedures for the supervision of operations have been defined n

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• The operator must have nominated an accountable manager acceptable to the authority
who has corporate authority for ensuring that all operations and maintenance activities
can be financed and carried out to the standard required by the authority L j

• The operator must have nominated post holders, acceptable to the authority, who have
managerial competency together with appropriate technical/operational qualifications in
aviation. Post holders are required and in that function responsible for the management
and supervision of the following areas: n
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o Flight operation
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o The maintenance system I i
o Crew training I I

o Ground operations
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L Contents of the AOC are specified as follows:

• Name and location (principal place of business) of the operator

L • Date of issue and period of validity
I~
L
• Description of the type of operations authorised

• Type(s) of aircraft(s) authorised for use

I'
L
• Registration markings of the authorised aircraft(s) except that operators may obtain
approval for a system to inform the authority about the registration markings for aircrafts
operated under its AOC

r, • Authorised areas of operation

L
• Special limitations for example:
, '
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L • CAT II/CAT III (all weather operation including approved minima), Extended Range Twin
Operation/ETOPS, Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum/RVSM, Transportation of
I : Dangerous Goods
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Figure 4.1: An operator cannot operate an aircraft in Commercial Air Transportation (CAT)
fi without an AOC issued under JAR-OPS

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L Operator's Responsibilities
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W OPS 1.020 Subpart B
An operator must ensure that:
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W • All employees are made aware that they shall comply with the laws, regulations and
procedures of those states in which operations are conducted and which are pertinent to
r ' the performance of their duties; and
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• All crew members are familiar with the laws, regulations and procedures pertinent to the
I' performance of their duties,
W
Quality System
i' An operator shall establish one quality system and designate one quality manager to monitor
L compliance with and the adequacy of procedures required to ensure safe operation and
airworthy aircraft. Compliance monitoring must include a feed-back system to the Accountable
I' Manager to ensure corrective action.

An operator shall establish an accident prevention and flight safety programme, which may be
integrated with the quality system.

A crew member shall be responsible for:

I.
L.: • Proper execution of duties in relation to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants.
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• Proper execution of duties specified in the instructions and procedures laid down in the
I operations manual.
L
• Report any fault, failure, malfunction or defect which he believes may affect the
,, ' airworthiness or safe operation of the aircraft including emergency systems.
• Report any incident that endangered or could have endangered the safety of operation
• Make use of the operator's occurrence reporting schemes in accordance with
r" JAR-OPS 1.
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Figure 4.2: The Technical Log is required to be carried

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Documents to be Carried

OPS 1.125 Subpart Band ff

An operator shall ensure that the following documents - the original or a copy thereof - are "1
J

carried on each flight I J

• The Certificate of Airworthiness l

• The Certificate of Registration L. J
• The Noise Certificate (if applicable)
• The Air Operator Certificate
• The Aircraft Radio Licence
• The Liability Insurance Certificate for aircraft
• The flight crew member must have a valid flight crew licence with appropriate rating(s) for
'I
the purpose of the flight.
II

Manuals to be Carried ,.J

OPS 1.130 Subpart B ~

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An operator shall ensure that: I. J

• The current parts of the operations manual relevant to the duties of the crew are carried
on each flight
• Those parts of the operations manual which are required for the conduct of a flight are
easily accessible to the crew on board the aircraft
• The current aircraft flight manual is carried in the aircraft

Additional Information and Forms to be Carried

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OPS 1.135 Subpart B J

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An operator shall ensure that, in addition to the documents and manuals prescribed in JAR-
OPS 1.125 and JAR-OPS 1.130, all information and forms, relevant to the type and area of
operation, are carried on each flight

For example:
• Operational Flight Plan,
• Aircraft Technical Log,
• Appropriate meteorological information,
• Mass And Balance Documentation,
• Notification of special loads including dangerous goods.

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Aircraft Placarding (Markings)
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Ref. CS-25, Subpart G, CS-25.1541

,' The aircraft must contain:

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• The specified markings and placards
r • Any information, instrument markings and placards required for the safe operation if
L there are unusual design, operating or handling characteristics.

i' Each marking and placard prescribed above must be displayed in a conspicuous place; and
L may not be easily erased, disfigured, or obscured.

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Figure 4.3: Markings and placards are a JAR-OPS requirement

Instrument markings:
L; When markings are on the cover glass of the instrument, there must be means to maintain the
correct alignment of the glass cover with the face of the dial.

" Each instrument marking must be clearly visible to the appropriate crew member.
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L Extr~cts from EU-OPS Relevant to Maintenance Staff

The remainder of this document consists of abstracts from EU-OPS that, in the opinion of the
author, may be relevant to Licensed Aircraft Engineers. Some of the detail will have been
discussed in other places, especially Part-M.
,i ,.
I EU-OPS consists of the following Subparts:
L

r. 'I Contents (General layout)

l.j
SUBPART applicability and definitions
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L SUBPART B general

I. SUBPART C operator certification and supervision

L
SUBPART 0 operational procedures
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L SUBPART E all weather operations

[, SUBPART F performance general

L:
SUBPART G performance Class A
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L SUBPART H performance Class B

r' SUBPART I performance Class C

L
SUBPART J class and balance

SUBPART K instruments and equipment

SUBPART L communication and navigation equipment

SUBPART M aeroplane maintenance

SUBPART N light crew

r•
i SUBPART 0 cabin crew
'--
SUBPART P manuals, logs and records
L SUBPART Q flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements

SUBPART R transport of dangerous goods by air

r . SUBPART S security
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Sub Part B - General

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LOPS 1.030

Minimum Equipment Lists Operator Responsibilities

'- An operator shall establish, for each aeroplane, a minimum equipment list (MEL) approved by
the Authority. This shall be based upon, but no less restrictive than, the relevant master
r' minimum equipment list (MMEL) (if this exists) accepted by the Authority.
L

( , An operator shall not operate an aeroplane other than in accordance with the MEL unless
I
i permitted by the Authority. Any such permission will in no circumstances permit operation
L. outside the constraints of the MMEL.
f ' OPS 1.055
L
( , Information on emergency and survival equipment carried
i An operator shall ensure that there are available for immediate communication to rescue
'c....
coordination centres, lists containing information on the emergency and survival equipment
(
j ,
, carried on board all of his aeroplanes. The information shall include, as applicable, the number,
L.... colour and type of life-rafts and pyrotechnics, details of emergency medical supplies, water
supplies and the type and frequencies of emergency portable radio equipment.
(
I
.
LOPS 1.095

r' Authority to taxi an aeroplane

L An operator shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that an aeroplane in his charge is not
taxied on the movement area of an aerodrome by a person other than a flight crew member,
r', unless that person, seated at the controls, has been duly authorised by the operator or a
L. designated agent and is competent to:
r, 1. Taxi the aeroplane and use the radio telephone; and
I
L.
2. has received instruction in respect of aerodrome layout, routes, signs, marking, lights, air
r "
I , traffic control signals and instructions, phraseology and procedures, and is able to
L conform to the operational standards required for safe aeroplane movement at the
r '1
aerodrome
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OPS 1.125 IL. J

Documents to Be Carried
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(a) An operator shall ensure that the following documents or copies thereof are carried on
each flight:
1. The Certificate of Registration; '~ J
2. The Certificate of Airworthiness;
3. The original or a copy of the Noise Certificate (if applicable), including an English
translation, where one has been provided by the Authority responsible for issuing
the noise certificate;
4. The original or a copy of the Air Operator Certificate;
5. The Aircraft Radio Licence; and
6. The original or a copy of the Third Party Liability Insurance Certificate(s).

(b) Each flight crew member shall, on each flight, carry a valid flight crew licence with
appropriate rating(s) for the purpose of the flight.

OPS 1.135 n
Additional Information and Forms to be Carried
An operator shall ensure that, in addition to the documents and manuals prescribed in OPS
1.125 and OPS 1.130, the following information and forms, relevant to the type and area of
operation, are carried on each flight:

1. Operational Flight Plan containing at least the information required in OPS 1.1060;

2 Aeroplane Technical Log containing at least the information required in Par- M

paragraph M.A.306 Operator technical log system; 'I
: I
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, J
3. Details of the filed ATS flight plan;
'l
4. Appropriate NOTAM/AIS briefing documentation;
:i
5. Appropriate meteorological information;

6. Mass and balance documentation as specified in Subpart J;

'I
7. Notification of special categories of passenger such as security personnel, if not
considered as crew ,handicapped persons ,inadmissible passengers, deportees and
:J
persons in custody; n

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8. Notification of special loads including dangerous goods including written information to
the commander as prescribed in OPS 1.1215 (c); ,n i
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9. Current maps and charts and associated documents as prescribed in OPS 1.290 (b)(7);
n,
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10. Any other documentation which may be required by the States concerned with this flight, \ .J
such as cargo manifest, passenger manifest etc and
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II 1 11. Forms to comply with the reporting requirements of the Authority and the
'-' operator.
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w Appendix 1 to DPS 1.125
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Loss of Documents
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G See DPS 1.125.

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In case of loss or theft of documents specified in DPS 1.125, the operation is allowed to
L continue until the flight reaches the base or a place where a replacement document can be
provided
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IL.. DPS 1,140

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Information Retained On the Ground
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At least for the duration of each flight or series of flights;

• information relevant to the flight and appropriate for the type of operation is preserved on
the ground; and
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• the information is retained until it has been duplicated at the place at which it will be
stored in accordance with OPS 1.1065;or,ifthis is impracticable,

• the same information is carried in a fireproof container in the aeroplane

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L Appendix 1 to OPS 1.305
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Re/Defuelling With Passengers Embarking, on Board or Disembarking
An operator must establish operational procedures for re/defuelling with passengers embarking,
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l.J on board or disembarking to ensure the following precautions are taken:

1. One qualified person must remain at a specified location during fuelling operations with
l passengers on board. This qualified person must be capable of handling emergency
procedures concerning fire protection and fire-fighting, handling communications and
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I initiating and directing an evacuation;
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, 2. A two-way communication shall be established and shall remain available by the
i aeroplane inter-communication system or other suitable means between the ground crew
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supervising the refuelling and the qualified personnel on board the aeroplane;
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3. Crew, staff and passengers must be warned that re/defuelling will take place;
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© Copyright 2010 Module 10.4 JAR-OPS - Commercial Air Transportation
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4. Fasten Seat Belts signs must be off;

5. NO SMOKING signs must be on, together with interior lighting to enable emergency exits
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to be identified;
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6. Passengers must be instructed to unfasten their seat belts and refrain from smoking; c--,
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7. The minimum required number of cabin crew specified by OPS 1.990 must be on board
and be prepared for an immediate emergency evacuation;
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8. If the presence of fuel vapour is detected inside the aeroplane, or any other hazard
arises during re/defueling, fuelling must be stopped immediately;

9. The ground area beneath the exits intended for emergency evacuation and slide
deployment areas must be kept clear; and :1

10. Provision is made for a safe and rapid evacuation.

U
n
OPS 1.308 , ,i

Push Back and Towing

(a) The operator shall ensure that all push back and towing procedures comply with
appropriate aviation standards and procedures.

(b) The operator shall ensure that pre-or post-taxi positioning of the aeroplanes is not
executed by towbarless towing unless:

1. An aeroplane is protected by its own design from damage to the nose wheel "!
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steering system due to towbarless towing operation, or

2. A system/procedure is provided to alert the flight crew that such damage may 1
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have or has occurred, or

3. The towbarless towing vehicle is designed to prevent damage to the aeroplane

type.

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4-20 Module 10.4 JAR-OPS - Commercial Air Transportation TIS Integrated Training System
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Use and/or disclosure is
governed by the statement
on page 2 of this chapter
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Integrated Training System
u Designed in association with the
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Subpart J - Mass and Balance

Mass and Balance General

Ir '' (See OPS 1.605)
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Weighing of an Aeroplane
r : New aeroplanes are normally weighed at the factory and are eligible to be placed into operation
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....J without reweighing if the mass and balance records have been adjusted for alterations or
modifications to the aeroplane. Aeroplanes transferred from one operator with an approved
r mass control programme to another operator with an approved programme need not be
L weighed prior to use by the receiving operator unless more than four years have elapsed since
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the last weighing,

L The individual mass and centre of gravity (CG) position of each aeroplane shall be re-
established periodically. The maximum interval between two weighings must be defined by the
I, ' operator and must meet the requirements of OPS 1,605
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r ' In addition, the mass and the CG of each aeroplane shall be re-established either by:
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(A) Weighing;
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I or;

I' (8) Calculation, if the operator is able to provide the necessary justification to prove
the validity of the method of calculation chosen, whenever the cumulative changes
L to the dry operating mass exceed 0,5 % of the maximum landing mass or the
r • cumulative change in CG position exceeds 0,5 of the mean aerodynamic chord,
L Fleet Mass and CG Position
r- For a fleet or group of aeroplanes of the same model and configuration, an average dry
L operating mass and CG position may be used as the fleet mass and CG position, provided that
the dry operating masses and CG positions of the individual aeroplanes meet the tolerances
f • specified in subparagraph below are applicable.
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Weighing procedure
The weighing must be accomplished either by the manufacturer or by an approved maintenance
L organisation,

Normal precautions must be taken consistent with good practices such as:

• checking for completeness of the aeroplane and equipment;

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• determining that fluids are properly accounted for;
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'- • ensuring that the aeroplane is clean; and
• ensuring that weighing is accomplished in an enclosed building.
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Module 10.4 JAR-OPS - Commercial Air Transportation
4-21
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r ' goyerned by the statement
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Any equipment used for weighing must be properly calibrated, zeroed, and used in accordance I
with the manufacturer instructions. Each scale must be calibrated either by the manufacturer, by J
a civil department of weights and measures or by an appropriately authorised organisation
within two years or within a time period defined by the manufacturer of the weighing equipment,
whichever is less. The equipment must enable the mass of the aeroplane to be established
accurately.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.605

Aeroplane Loading ni
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An operator must ensure that the loading of its aeroplanes is performed under the supervision
of qualified personnel.

An operator must ensure that the loading of the freight is consistent with the data used for the
calculation of the aeroplane mass and balance. 'I
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An operator must comply with additional structural limits such as the floor strength limitations,
the maximum load per running metre, the maximum mass per cargo compartment, and/or the '1
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maximum seating limits. ,
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Mass and Balance Documentation L ,
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The mass and balance documentation must contain the following information:

• the aeroplane registration and type;

• the flight identification number and date;
• the identity of the commander;
• the identity of the person who prepared the document;
• the dry operating mass and the corresponding CG of the aeroplane;
• the mass of the fuel at take-off and the mass of trip fuel;
• the mass of consumables other than fuel;
• the components of the load including passengers, baggage, freight and ballast;
• the take-off mass, landing mass and zero fuel mass;
• the load distribution;
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• the applicable aeroplane CG positions; and I I
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• the limiting mass and CG values. L •• .1

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4-22 Module 10.4 JAR-OPS - Commercial Air Transportation TTS Integrated Training System ~j
© Copyright 2010
Use and/or disclosure is
governed by the statement
on page 2 of this chapter
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(i Integrated Training System
i I Designed in association with the
U clubG5pro.Go,uk qUE:stion practice aid

Computerised Systems
Where mass and balance documentation is generated by a computerised mass and balance
L system, the operator must verify the integrity of the output data. He must establish a system to
check that amendments of his input data are incorporated properly in the system and that the
r • system is operating correctly on a continuous basis by verifying the output data at intervals not
L exceeding 6 months.

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L Onboard mass and balance systems
An operator must obtain the approval of the Authority if he wishes to use an onboard mass and
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balance computer system as a primary source for despatch.
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Datalink
r' When mass and balance documentation is sent to aeroplanes via datalink, a copy of the final
L mass and balance documentation as accepted by the commander must be available on the
ground.
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© Copyright 2010 Module 10.4 JAR-OPS - Commercial Air Transportation
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