Question 1

It is most appropriate to report effect size with a significant result. Why is it generally inappropriate to
report effect size with nonsignificant results?

Because it makes little sense to report the size of an effect that you just concluded doesn't exist

Question 2

Which of the following represents a distinction, in Freudian theory, between the ego and the superego?

The ego is governed by the reality principle, while the superego is concerned with morality and ethics

Question 3

Which of the following has been described as the three major categories of cultural barriers that can
lead to an ineffective helping relationship with culturally diverse clients?

culture-bound values, language variables, and class-bound values

Question 4

Which statement best describes Allport's attitude toward biological influences on personality?

Biological influences, along with psychological influences, are important determinants of personality

Question 5

Which one of the following medications have been shown to decrease nightmares in people suffering
from PTSD?

Clonidine

Question 6

The Erickson of annual household income in the United States is positively skewed. If the median
annual income is about $56,000, this implies that the mean annual household income in the United
States is

larger

Question 7
the number, age, and sex of siblings

Question 8

One distinction between the type of tests used with infants, and compared to those used with preschool
children, is that tests used with infants

tend to evaluate primarily sensory and motor development, while test used for preschooler tend to
measure primarily cognitive skills

Question 9

One major division among theories sometimes called the "two disciplines" or "two cultures" of
psychology, is between

scientific and humanistic approaches.

Question 10

Therapists of color who operate from their own worldview without awareness of different worldviews
held by other clients of color may be guilty of

cultural clash scenarios

cultural empowerment

cultural oppression

cultural hostility

Question 11

A researcher distributes frequencies into the following intervals: 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, and
51 and above. What is wrong with this frequency distribution?

The interval width is too small

The interval width is unequal

the class intervals overlap

One interval is an open class

Question 12

High blood pressure in midlife is MOST likely associated with __ neurocognitive disorder in later
adulthood.

vascular

frontotemporal

Lewy body

substance induced

Question 13

A key distinction between aptitude and intelligence testing is that in general aptitude tests

focus on the measurement of a specific ability, while intelligence tests focus on the measurement of a
more global construct

are criterion-referenced, while intelligence tests are norm-referenced

are used primarily in education situations, while intelligence tests are used primarily in employment
situations

focus primarily on individual differences, while intelligence tests focus primarily on identifying strengths
within one individual

Question 14

Which explanation correctly describes why drug abusers prefer heroin over morphine?

Heroin is cheaper to buy on the street than morphine

Morphine enters the brain faster than heroin

Heroin is less lipid-soluble than morphine

Heroin exerts effects on the brain faster than morphine

Question 15
One difference between item choice for individually administered and group tests is that for
individually-administered tests,

short-answer items are the procedure of choice, while for group tests, multiple choice questions are the
procedure of choice

matching items are the procedure of choice, while for group tests, multiple choice questions are the
procedure of choice

multiple-choice items are the procedure of choice, while for group tests, true-false questions are the
procedure of choice

true-false items are the procedure of choice, while for group tests, forced-choice questions are the
procedure of choice

Question 16

Which is NOT an acculturation orientation?

marginal

pantraditional

pannational

bicultural

Question 17

The likelihood of developing posttraumatic stress disorder is increased if a person is exposed to a

traumatic event that involves

a natural disaster

an unexpected stressor

danger or violence from other people.

repeated exposure to mild stressors

Question 18

What is the difference between positively skewed and negatively skewed data?

Group of answer choices

Positively skewed data has many values at the low end of the scale, while negatively skewed data has
many values at the high end of the scale

Positively skewed data has a wide range of values, while negatively skewed data has only a few values

Positively skewed data is roughly symmetrical, while negatively skewed data is strongly asymmetrical

Positively skewed data has many values near the center of the distribution, while negatively skewed
data has many values at both extremes

Flag question: Question 19

Question 192 pts

Specific, difficult, and concordant goals enhance performance, but an additional variable that is crucial
to allow goals to translate into effective performance is:

concrete intentions

extrinsic motivations

feedback

internal attributions for success

Question 20

A psychiatrist is treating a patient whose symptoms include excessive food intake and sleep disturbance.
One explanation would be a lesion on the

Hypothalamus
hippocampus

amygdala

motor cortex

Question 21

In considering how motivation and emotion relate to one another, which of the following statements is
most accurate?

Emotions function as one type of motive.

Emotions and motivation are so similar that it makes sense to treat them as synonyms

Motivation is more sensitive to changes in the environment, while emotion is more sensitive to changes
in the person

Motivational states act as an ongoing readout about the person’s emotional experience

Question 22

In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus

reliably produces a response

becomes inactive over repeated presentations

must always be presented after the unconditioned response

is paired repeatedly with a stimulus that evokes a reflexive response

Question 23

A researcher measures the meantime (in seconds) it takes two groups of children to complete an activity
task. She finds that Group A (M = 22 s) completed the task more quickly than Group B (M = 36 s). She
then computes a weighted mean for both groups combined and calculates a weighted mean equal to 26.
Based on the information provided, which group had a larger sample size?

Group A

Group B

The sample size is equal in both groups

It is not possible to know this without knowing the sample size for each group

Question 24

T. J. was born a female and is currently having difficulty accepting his male gender identity. T. J.’s
example BEST illustrates __.

bisexuality

gender dysphoria

transsexuality

transvestism

Question 25

Which of the following most clearly suggests severe mania?

Decreased need for sleep

Euphoria

Increased psychomotor activity

Psychotic symptoms

Question 26

Kenny is visiting a therapist to treat major depressive disorder. The therapist is concerned with the way
Kenny tends to see himself, the world around him, and the future in negative terms. Based on this
information, Kenny’s therapist MOST endorses the __ model of depression.

macrophage

evolutionary

familial

cognitive

Question 27

The primary route of excretion of drugs from the body is via the

Liver

lung
mucosa

kidneys

Question 28

Altruism, according to evolutionary perspectives, is most directly caused by

reasoning

the emotion of empathy

experience

the emotion

Question 29

Randy has to place ever-larger bets and seek “action” ever more fervently to get the same rush when he
gambles. Randy’s example BEST illustrates __.

impulsivity

tolerance

withdrawal

bingeing

Question 30

Dr. M has come across a website that is advertising Dr. M as a clinical psychologist who is an expert in
working with children. Dr. M’s practice is primarily composed of vocational assessments. Dr. M has sent
a message to the website demanding that they remove the advertisement. Dr. M is adhering to the
ethical awareness of which General Principle:

Principle A

Principle B

Principle C

Principle D

Question 31
In group therapy, who is obligated to maintain the confidentiality of statements made within the group
session?

Psychologist only

Group members only

Psychologist and group members

No one

Question 32

Reciprocal determinism proposes

that behavior is influenced by situations

that situations are influenced by behavior

that personality determines behavior

that personality, situations, and behavior influence each other

Question 33

Horney’s interpersonal psychoanalytic theory proposed that

parental love in childhood was essential for healthy development.

parental neglect and rejection increased a child's independence and resilience

basic anxiety was due to a fear of punishment

basic hostility was due to innate aggressive drives

Question 34

In the humanistic tradition, the two fundamental directions for healthy development are:

autonomy and heteronomy

autonomy and openness

autonomy and socialization

heteronomy and openness

Question 35
The basic building blocks of cultural competence in clinical practice are _____, ______ and _____.

acceptance; diversity; awareness

knowledge; skills; awareness

openness; awareness; acceptance

none of the above

Question 36

Which mixed-method design are you using if you conduct focus groups with participants before
developing a new survey instrument to administer to a sample of the population?

convergent

embedded

exploratory sequential

explanatory sequential

Question 37

Your client is in the process of coming out as gay. In your sessions, you find that he has an embedded
belief that same-sex attraction is abnormal/wrong and that it is better to be heterosexual. As a result, he
displays masochistic attitudes and behaviors. It is likely your client is experiencing internalized

homophobia

homophobia and heterosexism

heterosexism

transsexualism

Question 38

One way to reduce the prevalence of elder abuse and neglect in families is to

place elders in nursing homes

increase awareness through public education

arrest abusers

None of the choices are correct

Question 39

One distinction between the Picture Completion and Coding subtests of the Wechsler intelligence tests
is that Picture Completion

is depending on cultural knowledge, while Coding is not

shows a linear decline with age, while Coding does not

is highly speeded, while Coding is not

is a good test of organic brain damage, while Coding is not

Question 40

The Ethics Code contains:

a Preamble and General Standards

an Introduction and Applicability Section and General Standards

an Introduction and Applicability Section, Preamble, and General Standards and enforceable standards

a Preamble, General Standards, and enforceable standards

Question 41

The inappropriate use of assessments can lead to _____ diagnostic, educational, institutional, legal, and
social policy decisions.

harmful

helpful

accurate

inaccurate

Question 42

A person with Broca’s aphasia would be expected to

pronounce words correctly, but slowly

be unaware of her or his speech difficulties

produce fluent, but meaningless speech

experience difficulty in speech comprehension based on word order

Question 43

One key difference between achievement and aptitude tests is that achievement tests

assess current attainment, while aptitude tests estimate future performance

estimate current intellectual level, while aptitude tests assess current mastery of skills

focus on a broad array of intellectual abilities, while aptitude tests focus on a narrower, more focused
range of abilities

focus on a student’s potential, while aptitude tests focus on a student’s current proficiency

Question 44

Which of the following allergic reactions can be dangerous?

Hives

Urinary retention

Anaphylaxis

Serotonin syndrome

Question 45

When a drug user experiences withdrawal symptoms and takes the drug to alleviate those symptoms, it
represents the application of

negative punishment

negative reinforcement

positive punishment

positive reinforcement

Question 46

Dr. Wilson has been dating an individual she met at a party about six months previously. They have just
started an intimate relationship. In a discussion about families, Dr. Wilson’s partner begins to describe
his sister, whom he had previously not mentioned. Dr. Wilson begins to wonder if the sister is the same
person as a client she has been seeing for about a year. Upon further investigation, she discovers that
her client is indeed her partner’s sister. According to Standard 10.06, which prohibits such relationships,
what must Dr. Wilson do?
Talk to her client

Talk to her partner

End therapy

Not end therapy

Question 47

Which of the following represents a true distinction between cross-sectional and longitudinal designs?

Cross-sectional designs can be used to compare differences across cohorts, while longitudinal designs
can be used to compare differences within cohorts

Cross-sectional designs are sensitive to changes in methodology, while longitudinal designs are relatively
impervious to changes in methodology

Cross-sectional designs study the same individuals multiple times, while longitudinal designs study
different individuals each time

Cross-sectional designs are prone to practice effects, while longitudinal designs are not subject to
practice effects

Question 48

Which suggestion is a useful tip when designing a visual literature map?

Include citations to provide evidence of major concepts

Avoid using circles or flowcharts for clarity

Include at least 75 studies

Focus only on quantitative research articles

Question 49

The term reasonable precaution in Standard 4.01 recognizes the psychologist’s duty to recognize:

that confidentiality may be broken

the responsibility to be familiar with appropriate methods of protecting confidentiality

the responsibility to be familiar with appropriate methods of protecting confidentiality and that
confidentiality may be broken

that privacy may be broken

Question 50

When driving in bad weather, we often turn the music volume down in order to better concentrate on
the road. This is an example of what important aspect of consciousness?

selective attention

introspection

sensory interference

subliminal consciousness

Question 51

Which codehi distribu psychologist criticized Freud’s ideas about the unconscious mind?

Edward Titchener

James Mark Baldwin

James McKeen Cattell

Hugo Munsterberg

Question 52

The somatic view of psychological disorders is that

mental disorders are the result of physical problems

mental disorders are the result of spiritual problems

mental disorders are the result of emotional problems

All of the choices are correct

Question 53

What statement about axons is true?

Axons receive information from other neurons

Axons house the mitochondria

Axons create DNA used by a neuron

The longest axon in a human stretches from the foot to the base of the brain

Question 54

Research has demonstrated that meditation improves

perceptual attention

vocabulary

mathematical ability

musical ability

Question 55

Which statement is true regarding hair cells?

Most afferent axons form connections with the outer hair cells

Damage to the inner hair cells impairs hearing

Outer hair cells play a more important role in hearing than do inner hair cells

Thin unmyelinated axons form connections with inner hair cells

Question 56

A researcher increases the sample size, which will:

increase the value of the standard error

decrease the value of standard error

reduce variability in the population

increase variability in the population

Question 57

Dr. O'Connor is ensuring that his participants understand what taking part in the study will entail. Dr.
O'Connor is __.
assuring confidentiality

obtaining informed consent

undertaking institutional review

performing random assignment

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a question that would help in understanding the effects of
microaggressions?

How can people who commit microaggressions be so unaware of their actions?

What types of psychological impact doe they have on marginalized groups?

Why do oppressed groups overreact to unintentional insults that denigrate their way of being?

What lessons can we learn from a better understanding of the psychological dynamics of
microaggressions?

Question 59

In experiments on classically conditioned emotional responses in rats, a conditioned stimulus would be

represented by

a loud tone

foot shock

a food pellet

a naturally occurring fear response

Question 60

Which of the following can alert the clinician that their patient has over-dosed on anticonvulsants?

Confusion

Severe constipation

Rash

Seizures

Question 61
Which of the following is likely to be a perspective of a culturally competent helping professional?

The role of counselor should be broadened to include teaching, consulting, and advocacy.

Providing advice and suggestions are not effective forms of helping with people of color

The problems that people of color experience with discrimination and racism are beyond the scope of
counseling practice

An individualistic counseling approach is the most effective form of meeting the needs of people of color

Question 62

The primary purpose of Standard 3.10, Informed Consent, is to:

protect the self-governing

protect the psychologist

privacy rights of individuals

protect the self-governing and privacy rights of individuals

Question 63

A major and valid criticism of Erikson’s moral development and his theory of psychosocial development
proposal that all people, that is, universal, pass through eight distinct stages that shape their sense of
identity as they go through life was that his experimental participants were not diverse in __.

culture

ethnicity

gender

religious belief

Question 64

Which of the following is included under the term transgender?

only individuals who identify as transsexual.

both transsexuals and individuals who cross-dress

both transsexuals and those who identify themselves as being attracted to both male and female
genders
individuals whose gender identification is inconsistent with their assigned gender

Question 65

Which type of validity has become the overriding objective in validity?

construct validity

discriminant validity

predictive validity

construct validity

Question 66

The __ are the range of continuous values containing the score of interest in a binomial distribution.

observed limits

approximate limits

real limits

speed limits

Question 67

When a psychologist becomes aware that their personal problems are interfering with their work, under
Standard 2.06b they need to:

ignore it

take care of their personal problems

take appropriate steps to remedy the problem

continue with work related activities

Question 68

Dr. Smith regularly takes the local reporters out to dinner. He generally takes them to the most
expensive restaurant in town. When questioned Dr. Smith states he is just keeping up good public
relations. However, Dr. Smith may be in violation of Standard 5.02b because his dinners could be
considered:

gift
pay

compensation

bribery

Question 69

e individuals tend to seek recognition in small groups and to find a way to make themselves visible to
others, apparently in an effort to:

attain influence over group outcomes

make friends

reduce their fear of rejection

all of the above

Question 70

Which of the following is the most lethal in a suicide attempt by overdose?

SSRIs

Xanax

Lithium

BuSpar

Question 71

What was one of Titchener’s most important lasting contributions to psychology?

Group of answer choices

the creation of the systematic introspective method

the idea that psychology must be the study of the mind

the promotion of basic experimental research

the idea that the structure of the mind was the most important thing to study?

Question 72

Which design is most appropriate for a research study focused on understanding the educational
barriers for foster care youth?

participatory-social justice design

experimental design

evaluation design

case study design

Question 73

Structure enhances engagement because it involves and satisfies the need for:

being appreciated

competence

relatedness

autonomy

Question 74

Which is a barrier to the advancement of women on the corporate ladder?

the "good old boys" network

too few employment opportunities

family commitments

None of the choices is correct

Question 75

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will
only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are most characteristic of __.
specific phobia

panic disorder

generalized anxiety disorder

agoraphobia

Question 76

Piaget’s model of cognitive development of human children based on what he had noted in animals’
learning behavioral traits that allowed them to adapt to their environmental changes is called the __
model.

assimilation

stage

accommodation

adaptation

Question 77

All of the following are recommended practices for working with Arab American clients EXCEPT

Be aware of your own attitudes about Arab Americans and Muslims

Always disclose things about yourself that show you are vulnerable

Be ready to help those who have been discriminated against in seeking legal recourse

With traditional families, try addressing the husband or male first

Question 78

The right half of a psychotherapies’s brain controls the left half of the body. In order words, motor
control is

contralateral

transverse

ipsilateral

bilateral
Question 79

The key distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder is that individuals with bulimia

do not binge, whereas those with binge eating disorder do

purge while those with binge eating disorder do not

do not feel out of control, whereas those with binge eating disorder do

do not purge, whereas those with binge eating disorder do

Question 80

A buildingvaliddisability increases his level of confidence from 90% to 95%. What will happen to the
precision of his estimate?

The estimate will be more precise

The estimate will be less precise

The precision of his estimate will not change

It depends on the size of the population

Question 81

Which of the following is true regarding Western forms of healing?

Reality consists of distinct and separate units or objects

Reality consists of what can be observed and measured via the five senses

Space and time are fixed and are absolute constructs of reality

All of the choices are correct

Question 82

According to self-determination theory, what type of motivation explains the student's effort in school
when the student says, "I try so hard so the teacher won’t yell at me."?

external regulation

identified regulation

intrinsic motivation

introjected regulation
Question 83

The degree of deviation from traditional gender roles should ultimately be determined by

the client in the context of cultural variables

the counselor

the place the client is currently living

the deviation acceptable to the spouse

Question 84

The Ethics Code provides psychologists with a set of ____ and broad general ___ of conduct.

Aspirations, rules

Aspirations, guidelines

Values, rules

Values, guidelines

Question 85

Twin studies indicate that

there is a genetic basis for sexual orientation in men as well as in women

identical male twins are less likely to be concordant for same-sex sexual orientation than are fraternal
male twins

a male child whose older twin sisters have an opposite-sex sexual orientation is more likely to have a
same-sex sexual orientation

lesbian women are likely to have gay male relatives

Question 86

A serotonin antagonist would produce the likely effect of

inhibiting aggression

facilitating aggressive attack

decreasing risk-talking behavior

decreasing depression

Question 87

Circuits within the brain regions perform

independent behaviors

a single behavior that is functional for the organism

reflexes that can be excitatory or inhibitory

a function that contributes to a behavior

Question 88

Which philosophical assumptions are reflected in quantitative research designs?

transformative

constructivist

postpositivist

pragmatist

Question 89

A major hurricane has swept through Dr. Borden’s small rural town. There were many casualties and
loss of life. Many of the residents have gathered in the community center. Dr. Borden has decided to go
to the community center and offer his services to the individuals in the center. Dr. Borden will not be in
violation of Standard 5.06:

if the individuals are willing

if Dr. Borden is competent

if it increases Dr. Borden's client list

if it does not increase Dr. Borden's client list

Question 90

The dopamine hypothesis of the causes of schizophrenia is supported by the finding that

antipsychotic drugs are dopamine agonists

cocaine and amphetamine do not produce schizophrenic effects

drugs that induce schizophrenic symptoms are dopamine antagonists

dopamine antagonists relieve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 91

Which of the following mood stabilizers is associated with a significant decrease in suicides?

Lithium

Tegretol

Seroquel

Depakote

Question 92

Which term BEST describes the situation where both the client and the therapist are embedded in
systems such as family, work, and culture?

worldview

collaborative approach

contextual viewpoint

ethnocentric inquiry

Question 93

Awareness of the sexual orientation of gay males and lesbian females tends to occur in

adulthood

early childhood

late adulthood

early teens

Question 94

When we ask, "How do people adjust to their life situations?" and "How does their thought affect what
they do?" we are asking questions about the ____ of personality.

description
dynamics

development

destiny

Question 95

Which of the following Big Five factors has been linked to personal growth?

Group of answer choices

Openness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Question 96

At each stage of development, according to Erickson, there is a _____

specific biological motivation

crisis

new significant other with whom to form a relationship

risk of suicide

Question 97

When individual or group therapy is a program or course requirements, vaqualitdi responsible for that
program allow students to select a therapy from:

current faculty

list of approved faculty providers

list of approved providers affiliated with the program

practitioners unaffiliated with the program

Question 98

Which statement is consistent with the monistic view of the mind-body question?

Mind and body are separate

The mind is spiritual, whereas the body is made of matter

The mind can exist apart from the body

The mind is generated through the physical actions of the brain

Question 99

Dr. S has been a consultant for the CIA for many years. She has been asked to consult on an
interrogation that she has been told will contain harsh interrogation methods. If Dr. S agrees to consult,
her participation will be considered ____ under the APA Ethics Code.

Group of answer choices

ethical if not illegal

unethical

permissible

permissible if not illegal

Question 100

The first psychologist to refer to the infant–mother relationship as the attachment was __.

John Bowlby

Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget

John Watson