SITE PLANNING

DESIGN PROCESS

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Site Planning & Landscape Architecture

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

To be Presented to

Arch./EnP. Gerelson Ray Ruloma Bernardino, uap, piep, mscm

By
Bautista, Ariane Joy R.
ARCH-3A

March 25, 2021

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………3
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………….….3
DESIGN PROCESS………………………………………………………………….3
8 stages of Site Planning according to Kevin Lynch…… …….……….4
John Sigmunds Planning – Design Processs………………………….….7
CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………..9
RECOMMENDATION………………………………………………………………..9
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………….10

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 ABSTRACT

The study has been important role to the students for it explains the importance
of the ideal plan method in the subject of planning. It performs a massive position in
clarifying the prominence of the design’s sequence, how it needs to start, and what
matters to think about and what to reflect on consideration on the subsequent steps and
stages. The lookup showcases the necessity of a logical format technique and explains
the context of every stage to absolutely be aware of the segment and be in a position to
come up with the most wonderful and possible plan. The eight stages of Site Planning
by using Kevin Lynch and John Sigmund’s format manner quickly show off the effect of
sequential development.

INTRODUCTION
Site planning in landscape architecture and architecture refers to the
organizational stage of the landscape design process. It involves the organization of land-
use zoning, access, circulation, privacy, security, shelter, land drainage, and other
factors. This is done by arranging the compositional elements of landform, planting, water,
buildings, and paving in site plans. Site planning generally begins by assessing a potential
site for development through site analysis. Information about slope, soils, hydrology,
vegetation, parcel ownership, orientation, etc. are assessed and mapped. By determining
areas that are poor for development (such as flood plain or steep slopes) and better for
development, the planner or architect can assess the optimal location and design a
structure that works within this space.
Planning and design occur as a process, by which we mean that they follow a
logical sequence of actions or events that must be carried out to arrive at a viable solution.
It is a multi-disciplinary problem-solving operation often involving architects, landscape
architects, and engineers, and frequently may require input from physical scientists as
well to address environmental issues. It requires logical objectivity for some steps but also
allows room for subjective design interpretation at others. There are several notable
models from which we can draw to understand the basic components of the site planning
and design process. Kevin Lynch outlines an eight-stage site planning cycle that includes:
1. Defining the problem
2. Programming and the analysis of site and user
3. Schematic design and the preliminary cost estimate
4. Developed design and detailed costing
5. Contract documents 6. Bidding and contracting
7. Construction
8. Occupation and management (Lynch 11)

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1. Defining the problem
In the outline phase, you can create a easy grasp of which problem you are
attempting to remedy for the client. This will then be shaped into a problem
statement, which will serve as the guide during the plan process.
2. Programming and the analysis of site and person

Determining the user of the shape is an essential part in the diagram process. It is
the place you analyze the necessity of the person and the environment that the
target market might also find relief in. Thus, it also studies the go with the flow and
performance of the areas in relation to the probable user, and truly programming
it to a way that is greater systematic and useful.
User evaluation affords answers to questions about give up users' duties and goals,
permitting these outcomes to aid in increase and graph decisions. You will be in a position
to understand positions and describe attributes that market research does not constantly
permit for, such as experience, state of mind, comfort with related goods, use cases
& settings, and frequency of use. These views guarantee that characteristic changes
are primarily based on information from people who will pay rather than stakeholders'
views.

3. Schematic sketch and the preliminary price estimate

A value estimate is generally organized at the identical time as the initial layouts
of a project, if not sooner. This estimation is based totally on particular run of
quantities of quintessential building materials proven on conceptual drawings,
such as drywall, flooring, ceiling, and lighting.

In trendy distinctly competitive business climate, fee estimate is a crucial method that can
be used to resource decision making concerning items for the duration of their existence
cycle. Designer selections throughout the early graph stages figure out 70 to eighty
percent of a product's life-cycle costs. Because of the importance of the conceptual
design, price estimation, at this stage, should be precise and on hand as quickly as viable
and furnish precious facts to product designers.

Accurately calculating the total fee of a system in the course of the early plan stage is
required for efficiently reaching the aim of project price control. It is extra viable to limit a
product's cost during the layout stage than at some stage in the manufacturing stage. If
credible price estimates are got throughout the early format stage, it will aid designers in
editing a design to reap both performance and cost effectiveness.

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4. Developed format and designated costing
The developed diagram (also regarded as the 'detailed design') transforms the
thinking layout into a dimensionally correct and coordinated graph that describes
all of the predominant factors of the gadget and how they match together. Detail
has to be developed in structural and architectural information, and carrier design
may encompass general statistics about sizes, capacity, and manipulate systems.
The sketch may permit for early contractor engagement and the development of
an outline construction sequence. Plans, go sections, elevations, and
visualizations, as properly as constructing schedules, can be developed.
The elemental price layout must be up to date from the model, accompanied by
using a time table of assumptions made and a money float projection. A specified
evaluation of whole-life prices might also be undertaken. If imperative a fee
administration evaluation may additionally be undertaken.
5. Contract files

The written files that outline the roles, responsibilities, and “Work” beneath the
building Contract, and are legally-binding on the events (Owner and Contractor).
It is crucial for the individual getting ready the contracting requirements and
different documents to totally recognize the implications of what constitutes the
“Contract Documents” and what does not; incapability to properly designate the
Contract Documents can be a good-sized contractual flaw.
Only one vicinity can point out what constitutes the Contract Documents (preferably the
Owner-Contractor Agreement). To improve the prospect of constant interpretation, the
listing of Contract Documents ought to be entire and unambiguous, and no longer
encompass any files that ought to no longer be Contract Documents in the first place.
6. Bidding and contracting

The bidding process is used to pick out a supplier for subcontracting a project, or
for buying merchandise and offerings that are required for a project. Bid records
contain the specs of the mission or details of the merchandise and offerings to be
purchased. Construction bidding is the technique of submitting a soft by way of the
contractor to the client as a suggestion to conduct or manipulate a particular
construction project. The bidding system is an extraordinarily necessary section of
a building project. This enables corporations and companies to employ
contractors.

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The basic construction bidding process involves:
1. The patron or well-known contractors ship bid invitations to the contractors or the
subcontractors.
2. The contractors or the subcontractors acquire the invitation that includes:

• Scope of Work
• Time of Completion
• Penalty
• Pre-Qualification Details
3. Contractors or Sub-Contractors down load the gentle report and overview the mission
based totally on their respective value codes.
4. Contractors or Sub-Contractors post their bid to the patron or regularly occurring
contractor.
5. The customary contractor or client awards the bid to the subcontractors with a most
competitive bid and it is converted into a commitment.
Traditional contractor resolution consists of two separate steps: bidding and contract
negotiation. While they may only account for a small part of an architect's overall services,
they are a necessary hyperlink between layout and construction. Even the best layout
and the most specific and complete building documentation cannot warranty success.
7. Construction

Construction, additionally regarded as building construction, refers to the tactics

and enterprise engaged in the assembly and erection of buildings, most particularly
these which grant shelter. The current state of development is intricate. There is a
wide variety of building products and applied sciences that are in most cases
aimed at precise building types or markets. Building plan is a pretty structured
technique that entails research amenities that look at material homes and
performance, code officials who enact and put in force security standards, and
sketch practitioners who consider consumer needs and diagram a constructing to
fulfill those needs.

The building procedure is additionally enormously organized; it includes

constructing product and device suppliers, craftsmen who collect them on the job
site, contractors who rent and coordinate the work of the craftsmen, and
consultants who specialize in areas such as development management, excellent
control, and insurance.

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8. Occupation and management
John Simonds outlines a six-phase planning-design technique that applies to architecture,
panorama architecture, and engineering,
1. Commission
The act of asking the introduction of a piece, regularly on behalf of another, is regarded
as commissioning. Private individuals, the government, or corporations may commission
projects. The time period commission has many wonderful interpretations, but in its most
critical form, fee is the act of delegating duty to any individual else. It is once in a while an
order for any individual to do something in alternate for payment.
2. Research
The research design refers to the grasp objective you pick to combine a variety of phases
of the project in a cohesive and logical manner, making sure you can efficiently address
the hassle statement; it serves as the blueprint for facts collection, measurement, and
analysis. The key to addressing customers has grown to be methodical and well-
structured due to the fact of graph studies. It is a critical factor of growing a project's user-
oriented design. In practice, improvement teams habit the study, which starts with the
introduction of fundamental options to a given problem. Following that, these solutions
are organized and validated.
Pursuing innovation isn't always continually the high-quality direction of action. There are
numerous examples that reveal that it is regularly preferable to stick to tried and actual
strategies as an alternative than trying to create something completely new. Research
that is well-conducted gives facts about present customers and rivals. It additionally
affords perception into the most current diagram trends, as nicely as regular and steady
Design patterns that ought to be followed. The findings of lookup performed for one or
more design options would furnish the challenge with a competitive benefit and a tons
greater developed grasp of long-term format strategy, greatly improving your probabilities
of success.
3. Analysis

Design evaluation is basically a decision-making manner that employs analytical

strategies bought from fundamental sciences, mathematics, statistics, and engineering
fundamentals to create a product mannequin that can be modified into an true product.
The kind of evaluation wanted will be decided with the aid of the mounted product
concept, the specifications of the true product expected, and the system(s) in question.
The use of frequent analytical techniques in plan analysis is explored.

With the development of nanotechnologies, several authors pointed design of procedures

as a tremendous approach to stop risks (Amyotte, 2011)

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 4. Synthesis
Design Synthesis is the manner of decomposing the practical structure created in the
Functional Analysis and Allocation step into a Physical Architecture (a set of products,
system, and/or software factors that meet device requirements).
The aim of design synthesis is to arrange, manipulate, prune, and filter accumulated facts
into a coherent structure for data building. This necessitates the use of a range of tools
and methods, all of which are subjective. The subjectivity of the graph method implies
that the capability to reproduce effects – a essential component of a scientific method or
manner – is now not a widespread component of the design process. One very succesful
fashion designer can also synthesize accrued statistics with a particular result, while
another in a similar way capable fashion designer may synthesize a sure record with
drastically special results.
The potential of the fashion designer to ignore more than one an increasing number of
challenging chasms in the pursuit of perception is required all through the synthesis phase
of the design process. In order to effectively commence the manner of concept
generation, the designer strives to acquire a sense of expertise acquisition.
5. Construction

Numerous operational duties must be executed in each graph and construction, with
varying tiers of precedence and different relationships among a variety of tasks. The
physical approaches of constructing, landscaping, or refurbishing, as well as all
related duties such as demolition, web site clearing, administration, and so on, are
referred to as the ‘construction process'.

Following a procurement process, the method may start with the purchaser handing over
the website online to the contractor and quit with the customer receiving a achieved
project. It does not involve pre-construction tasks such as short preparation, growing a
diagram group or design, and so on, though these activities may additionally be achieved
concurrently with construction. In a built-in system, layout and development planning may
additionally take place nearly simultaneously, evaluating distinctive choices that are
appealing from each view and thereby eliminating the need for complete revisions
beneath the guise of cost engineering. Furthermore, as the venture progresses from
planning to design, the review of designs for constructibility can be carried out.

Contractors generally perform building work, however in the housing industry, contractors
may additionally be referred to as builders or housebuilders, and contractors might also
assign subcontractors and different suppliers to perform some or all of the work.

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 6. Operation
Operations administration is a department of management worried with designing and
controlling the manufacturing system as nicely as redesigning enterprise operations
in the production of items or services. While on the different hand, Design
Operations refers to the deliberate operationalization and optimization of design. It
focuses on designing the diagram exercise and developing a structured framework for
format success at scale. It also investigates how graph can best integrate with
commercial enterprise to form and create long-lasting projects.

CONCLUSION

The purpose of the format manner is to gain a perception of the on-hand format
opportunity. Data is gathered via contextual study, competitive research, or widespread
scholarly research; however, statistics on my own does no longer suggest the doable
for strategic plan thinking; the statistics should be reviewed, arranged, and interpreted
for it to be effective.

It concludes that the process is significant due to the fact they illustrate how
matters are accomplished and then provide the emphasis for enhancing them; how they
are executed determines how fantastic the consequences will be. Any enterprise that
needs to succeed ought to be regulated with the aid of approaches instead than
individuals. The method is nothing extra than a set of specified operations that are
carried out in which comments is consumed, assets are used, and the technique is
supervised in order to produce a described output.
That is simply the motive why, that having a set up manner in plan and planning is an
integral section in reaching a viable project.

RECOMMENDATION

Based on the conclusions, the following were recommended:

• To architecture students, awareness of the design process that they can adopt in

designing a project.

• To the future architecture students, for the improvement of their observation

and awareness not only in designing the structure but how they analyze the

project.

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 • To all the students to be more aware not only the design of the landscape but also

give importance to the purpose of slopes and maps.

• To all the Architecture Instructors/ Professionals, they could prepare

individuals to give emphasize by discussing to the students to be more

aware to the design process.

REFERENCES:
K. O’Beirne (2014). The Construction Contract Documents
AIA (2013). Bidding & Contract Negotiation.
The American Institute of Architects. Demkin, Joseph A., ed. The Architect’s Handbook
of Professional Practice. 14th ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
P. Wilson, H. A. Mantooth (2013). Model-Based Engineering for Complex Electronic
Systems
Systems Engineering Fundamentals Chapter 6 – Design Synthesis. AcqNotes. (2018)
J. Kolko (2007). Information Architecture and Design Strategy: The Importance of
Synthesis during the Process of Design.
Au, T. and P. Christiano (2003). Design and Construction as an Integrated System
M. S. Poles (2019). Architectural Design and Planning
M. Saravi, Y. Goh (2008). Estimating Cost at the Conceptual Design Stage to Optimize
Design in terms of Performance and Cost
J. Cao (2014). User Analysis Before Diving Into Design
A. Swenson (2017). Building Construction – Introduction.

Y. Mosiichuk (2019). Why design research is important for successful product

development.

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