Contemporary Art

-art produced at the present period in time. Contemporary art includes, and develops from, Postmodern art, which is itself a successor to Modern art. In vernacular
English, “modern” and “contemporary” are synonyms, resulting in some conflation of the terms “modern art” and “contemporary art” by non-specialists.
Contemporary art forms are the following:
1. Choreography
Contemporary dance:
-is a popular form of dance which developed during the middle portion of the twentieth century and has since grown to become one of the dominating
performance genres for formally trained dancers throughout the world,
-with particularly strong popularity in the U.S. and western Europe. Although originally informed by and borrowing from classical, modern, and jazz styles,
it has since come to incorporate elements from many styles of dance.
-but due to its popularity amongst trained dancers and some overlap in movement type, it is often perceived as being closely related to modern dance,
ballet and other classical concert dance styles.
2. Musical instrument
3. Literary and music composition
4. Visual design
Paintings:
Fernando Amorsolo – ‘Grand Old Man of Philippine Art’
Fabian Dela Rosa – ‘Master of Genre’
Victorio Edades – Father of Modern Art in the Philippines
Sculptures:
Guillermo Tolentino – Father of Philippine Arts
5. Theatrical performance
Plays in the Philippines
Tanikalang Ginto (Golden Chain) – Juan Abad 1902
Hindi ako Patay (I Am Not Dead) – Juan Matapang Cruz 1903
Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow) Aurelio Tolentino 1903
A Modern Filipina – Lino Castillejo & Jesus Araullo 1915 (First Filipino play written in English)
MUSIC, DANCE & THEATER
MUSIC OF FILIPINO: Cordillera-
1. The flat gong commonly known as gangsa and played by the groups in the Cordillera region of the bossed gongs played among the Islam and animist
groups in the Southern Philippines.
2. Kalaleng or Tongali(nose flute)  Because the kalaleng is long and has a narrow internal diameter, it is possible to play different harmonics through
overblowing—even with the rather weak airflow from one nostril.
3. Tongatongis a bamboo percussion instrument used by the people of Kalinga to communicate with spirits during house blessings. It is made of bamboo cut
in various lengths. When you hit it against soft earth a certain drone reverberates though the instrument’s open mouth. When an entire set of Tongatong
is played in interloping rhythm and prolonged with the tribal chanting, it could put the audience and the dancers in a trance.
4. Diwdiw-as is 5 or more different size of slender bamboo that
is tied together.
5. Saggeypo it is a bamboo pipe that is closed on one end by a node with the open end held against the lower lip of the player as he blows directly across the
top. The pipe can be played individually by one person or in ensembles of three or more.
6. Solibao is hallow wooden Igorot drug topped with pig skin or lizard skin this is played by striking the drum head using the palm of the hand.
7. Bungkaka- bamboo buzzer.
8. Kullitong- polychordal bamboo tube zither.
9. Ulibaw- bamboo jaw’s harp
Southern Islands:
 Kulintang refers to a racked gong chimeinstrument played in the southern islands of the Philippines, along with its varied
accompanying ensembles. Different groups have different ways of playing the kulintang. Two major groups seem to stand-out in kulintangmusic. These are
the Maguindanaon and the Maranaw. The kulintang instrument itself could be traced to either the introduction of gongs to Southeast Asia from China
from before the 10th century CE, or more likely, to the introduction of bossed gong chimes from Java in the 15th century.
Harana and Kundiman: 
 The Harana and Kundimanare lyrical songs popular in the Malaysian Islands dating back to the Spanish period.
 In the 1920s Harana and Kundiman became more mainstream musical styles led by performers such as Atang de la Rama,
Jovita Fuentes, Conching Rosal, Sylvia La Torreand Ruben Tagalog.
Rondalla: 
 The Rondallais performed on ensembles comprisingmandolin instruments of various sizes called banduria composed on
the Iberian tradition. Other instruments including guitars, is also performed. It is original to Spain.
Tinikling: 
 The Tiniklingis a Philippine dance which involves two individual performers hitting bamboopoles, using them to beat, tap,
and slide on the ground, in co-ordination with one or more dancers who steps over and in between poles
Cariñosa: 
 The Cariñosa(meaning loving or affectionate one), is a Philippine national dance from the María Clara suite of Philippine
folk dances, where the fan, and handkerchief plays an instrument role as it places the couple in romance scenario.
OPM (Original Pilipino Music)
Original Pilipino Music, now more commonly termed Original Pinoy Music, Original Philippine Music or OPM for short, originally referred only to Philippine pop songs,
particularly ballads, such as those popular after the collapse of its predecessor, the Manila Sound in the late 1970s, up until the present. In the 1970s, popular OPM
artists included Nora Aunor, Pilita Corrales, Eddie Peregrina, Victor Wood and Asin, among others. The more major commercial Philippine pop music artists were Pops
Fernandez, Claire dela Fuente, Didith Reyes, Rico Puno, Ryan Cayabyab, Basil Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji Alejandro, Rey Valera, Freddie Aguilar, Imelda Papin, Eva
Eugenio, Nonoy Zuniga and many others.Between the 1980s and 1990s, OPM was led by artists such as Regine Velasquez, Sharon Cuneta, APO Hiking Society, José
Mari Chan, Dingdong Avanzado, Rodel Naval, Janno Gibbs, Ogie Alcasid, Joey Albert, Lilet, Martin Nievera, Manilyn Reynes, Lea Salonga, Vina Morales, Raymond
Lauchengco, JoAnne Lorenzana, Francis Magalona and Gary Valenciano, among many others.In the 1990s, famous artists/bands included Eraserheads, Smokey
Mountain, Donna Cruz, Jessa Zaragoza, Ariel Rivera, South Border, AfterImage, Andrew E., Jaya,Lani Misalucha, Rivermaya, Ella May Saison and Roselle Nava, among
many others.
Contemporary Philippine Art is art produced by Filipino artists coming from the different regions in the Philippines in the 21 st century*.
The works reflect cultural diversity, technological advancement, and make use of a wide range of mediums.
*21st century refers to the year 2000 to the present
ART FORMS
 Picture (Drawing, Painting, Printmaking, and Photography
 two-dimensional image of various subjects ranging from real-life images to the visually abstract
 may be created using different media such as chalk, charcoal, graphite, ink, oil, and watercolor
SCULPTURE
 three-dimensional artwork that may be created using stone, marble, wood, and concrete
ARCHITECTURE
 structures that meant to be used as shelter (art of architecture relies on the design and purpose of the structure)

MUSIC
 art form that appeals to the sense of hearing
 combination of notes into harmony
LITERATURE
 art form of language through combined use of words, creating meaning and experience
THEATER
 art form of performance
 dramatic texts are portrayed on stage by actors and actresses and are enhanced by props, lights and sounds
CINEMA
 art form that is a technological translation of theater
 in films, special effects are utilized to enhance the storytelling
DANCE
 art of human form, the body is used, mobilized, and choreographed in a specific time, form and space
Characteristics of Philippine Contemporary Arts (by classification)
1. Dominant/Mainstream (foreign influenced, industry-driven, technology assisted, oriented for mass-consumption)
ex. Ogie Alcasid, Sarah Geronimo, etc.
2. Alternative (usually social realist and/or advocacy-oriented)
Individuals (ex. Joey Ayala, Grace Nono, Kidlat Tahimik, etc.)
3. Traditional/Indigenous (preserves local traditions) ex. GAMABA awardees – Samaon Sulaiman, Lang Dulay, etc.
GaMaBa Awards (Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan)
• The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan, or the National Living Treasures Award, is conferred on Filipinos who are at the forefront of the practice, preservation,
and promotion of the nation’s traditional folk arts.
• Formalized in 1992, through Republic Act No. 7355, the Manlilikha ng Bayan Act.
• The National Commission for the Culture and the Arts oversees its implementation.
• The main objective of the award is to honor and support traditional folk artists and to see to it that  that their skills and crafts are preserved.
• The award is tied with a program that  ensures the transfer of their skills to new generations  and the promotion of the craft both locally and
internationally.
• In 2014, the Senate of the Philippines adopted Senate Resolution No. (SRN) 765 aimed at  recognizing  the accomplishments of  the country’s  living
treasures.
• The award logo is a representation of the human form used in traditional cloth. Below the logo is the phrase “Manlilikha ng Bayan” written in Baybayin, an
ancient Filipino script used in the Philippines in the 16th century.
List of Awardees
1. Ginaw Bilog is a Hanunoo Mangyan poet from Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro.
He is considered as a master of the Ambahan poetry. This wisdom is his key to the understanding of the Mangyan soul.
In 1993, he was given the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan award.
• Ambahan is a poetic literary form composed of seven-syllable lines used to convey messages through metaphors and images.
• The ambahan is sung and its messages range from courtship, giving advice to the young, asking for a place to stay, saying goodbye to a dear friend and so
on.
• Such an oral tradition is common place among indigenous cultural groups but the ambahan has remained in existence today chiefly because it is etched on
bamboo tubes using ancient Southeast Asian, pre-colonial script called surat Mangyan.
2. Masino Intaray was born near Makagwa Valley. He was a skilled and proficient player of the basal (gong), aroding (mouth harp), and babarak (ring flute).
• He was also well-versed in kulilal (songs) and bagit (vocal music).
• In 1993, he was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
3. Samaon Sulaiman
• kudyapi master and teacher of his instrument in Libutan and other barangays of Maganoy town, Mindanao.
• He is proficient in kulintang, agong, gandingan, palendag, and tambul. 
• In 1993, he was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
4. Lang Dulay
• is a T'boli artist from Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. She is considered as a traditional weaver of "t'nalak" or "tinalak" cloth. Her art is considered excellent
because of the “fine even quality of the yarn, the close interweaving of the warp and weft, the traditional forms and patterns, the chromatic integrity of the
dye, and the consistency of the finish”
• In 1998, she was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
5. Salinta Monon
• was a Tagabawa-Bagobo weaver from Bansalan, Davao del Sur.  She was cited for demonstrating the creative and expressive aspects of the Bagobo abaca
ikat weaving called inabal at the time when it was threatened with extinction.
• In 1998, she was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
6. Alonzo Saclag
• is a Kalinga master of dance and the performing arts from Lubuagan, Kalinga. He has also mastered the dance patterns and movements associated with
his people’s ritual.
• He is the founder of the Kalinga Budong Dance Troupe.
• In 2000, he was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
7. Federico Caballero
• is a Sulod-Bukidnon epic chanter from Kalinog, Iloilo. He ceaselessly work for the documentation of the oral literature, particularly the epics, of his people.
He is considered as a bantugan. He strives to dispense justice in the community through his work as a manughusay – an arbiter of conflicts.
• In 2000, he was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
8. Uwang Ahadas
• is from Lamitan, Basilan. He is a Yakan, a people to whom instrumental music is of much significance, connected as it is with both the agricultural cycle and
the social realm.
• He is a hands-on-teacher to those who wants to learn playing Yakan instruments including the kwintangan, kayu, and tuntungan.
• In 2000, he was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
9. Darhata Sawabi
• is a weaver of pis syabit -the traditional cloth tapestry worn as a head covering by the Tausug of Jolo, from Barangay Parang, in the island of Jolo, Sulu.
• In 2005, she was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
10. Eduardo Mutuc
• is from Apalit, Pampanga. He has dedicated his life to creating religious and secular art in silver, bronze and wood.
In 2005, he was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
11. Haja Amina Appi
• was recognized as the master mat weaver among the Sama indigenous community of Ungos Matata, Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi. 
• In 2005, she was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
12. Teofilo Garcia
• is a hat weaver from San Quintin, Abra. He is known for tabungaw, which can last up to three to four generations if taken care of properly.
• In 2012, he was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
13. Magdalena Gamayo
• is a Filipino master weaver who makes “inabel”, an Ilokano handwoven cloth. 
• In 2012, she was given the “Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan” award.
Other Recognized Awards for Filipinos
-Ani ng Dangal or "Harvest of Honors" is a state recognition given by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts under the Office of the President of the
Republic of the Philippines. It is an annual event in the Philippines celebrated as a highlight and concluding rite of the Philippine Arts Festival.
The Ani ng Dangal is given to a natural-born Filipino artist or group that has reaped top honors in international events. 
-The Palanca Awards aims to develop Philippine Literature in the following manner:
• By providing incentives for writers to craft their most outstanding literary works;
 • By being a treasury of the Philippine’s literary gems from our gifted writers; and
• To assist in their eventual dissemination to our people, particularly students.
-The Philippine National Book Awards, or simply the National Book Awards, is a Philippine literary award sponsored by the NBDB (National Book Development
Board) and the MCC (Manila Critics' Circle).
• The yearly awards have been given since 1982 by the Manila Critics' Circle, starting in 2008 the administration of the award changed to the NBDB.
-The Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas is an award given by the Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas (UMPIL).
• UMPIL is the Writers' Union of the Philippines (Filipino: Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas, UMPIL) is an organization of Filipino writers in the
Philippines. 
• Established in 1974, the organization was first known by the English version of its name, the Writers' Union of the Philippines. 
• It has the primary goal of promoting Philippine literature, uniting writers in the Philippines, and providing seminars, workshops, and symposia.
-Ang Pedro Bucaneg Award ang pinakamataas na pagkilalang iginagawad ng Gunglo Dagiti Mannurat nga Ilokano iti Filipinas (GUMIL Filipinas) sa mga lalaking
manunulat na Ilokano. Iginagawad ito doon sa mga tinitingalang lalaking manunulat na Ilokano na nakapagbigay ng natatanging ambag sa pag-unlad ng panitikang
Iluko.
CONTEMPORARY ART TECHNIQUES
Conceptual - focus is on the idea, which can be either abstract or social;
Social – current social & political topics are dealt with, often from critical perspective
Expressive – both content & form is meaningful & communicative
Popular culture - issues and aspects of popular culture are dealt with, either  by conceptualizing or criticizing;
Poetic - content or form is poetic in nature;
Biographical - means of expression can be social, poetical or expressive;
Documentary - approach is documentary or holds elements of research;
Sense related - total art work, installations which are often interactive and affect different senses.
Local Materials used in Contemporary Arts
Bulacan - Puni or Palm Folding (make an artwork using paper)
Singkaban
Pabalat or Pastillas Wrapper cutting art (make an art using paper)
Pampanga - Saniculas cookie mold carvings
Laguna - Taka-making
Pagbuburda (Taal, Lumban, Laguna)
Popular Contemporary Artword Techniques
1. Minimalism
One of the artistic movements that has been most relevant throughout the contemporary art movement is minimalism. Minimalism seeks to take away what’s
unnecessary and leaving only what’s essential. Minimalism is incredibly difficult and has even made its way into being a huge part of branding and design for
companies all over the world. This is probably the most important part of contemporary art, as it has informed so much of society. Have you noticed that branding
has gotten more minimalist over the past ten years or so? You can thank the contemporary art movement for doing that.
2. Found Objects
Taking something that people view as useless, and then using it in a unique way in order to make artwork is one of the most important movements that currently
exist in contemporary artwork. The idea is that things that we often view as junk are actually more valuable than we think that they are. Everything you find can be
used to tell a story, or to create new diverse perspectives that we’re looking for when we attend an art exhibitions. The found objects movement is one of the most
important movements in all of contemporary art currently.
3. Large-Scale Art
Walter De Maria created an art piece in 1977 that included a four hundred steel poles over one mile by one kilometer. That’s incredible. Creating something huge to
express diverse perspectives in artwork is incredibly popular, even today. Over the past forty years, large scale art, and art that includes the environment has come
into its own as one of the most important movements within contemporary art. That’s why you often see modern art pieces alongside buildings, or as huge structures
out in the open.
Local Materials in the Philippines
Materials Products

Abaca belongs to Banana family. Its fiber has a natural luster with colors ranging from pure white slippers, ropes, twine, hammock, frame, display jar, jars, Chelsea chair
to ivory and dark brown.

Bakbak is the outermost covering or leaf sheath of the abaca stalk. It is a flat thick durable sheath mat, bangkuay bin, boxes, bin, display, jar, Cecilia dining table, and arm
as twine or braided. The strong brown fiber used to make furniture. chair

Bamboo is used a raw material in creating many products. It is used in construction, textile, kubing, bungkaka, tongatong, angklung, pateteg, gabbang,
musical instruments, weapons, and many more.

Buntal is a cylindrically shaped fibers. The supple ivory white strands are quite durable, pliable, bags, shoes,desk accessories like pen holder, picture frames, file trays,
and have good dyeing qualities. wallets, place mats, braide, lampshades, window blinds

Buri is extracted from the matured leaves of the buri palm. The fiber is durable and resistant to hats, bags, baskets, memorabilia boxes, perfume tray, & other woven
moisture. products

Coir is the fibrous material surrounding the fruit of the coconut tree. indoor or outdoor fiber carpets, wall covering, doormat, trellises, and geo
textiles

Nito is a plant belonging to the fern family that grows abundantly in the hinterlands of Mindanao. bags, bread tray, lampshade and decorative jar

Pandan is a tropical plant. It is  processed and transformed into splints that are being used as baskets, hats, picture frames and bags
raw material.

Raffia is a fiber extracted from unopened buri leaf in 3 stages. It is loom woven into fabrics or hats, placemats, folder, shoes, slippers, boxes, portfolio and ladies bags,
used as wall coverings, upholstery material, folding doors and window hangings. placemats, circular, boxes, document boxes.

Rattan belongs to the palm family. There are different types of rattan palms, such as high or low baskets, picture frames, furniture and other novelty items, Zoya lounge
climbers, single stemmed or clustered rattan species. chair, Valencia queen size bed, Rest divan.

Tikiw is a large, erect, and aquatic or marshy herb plant. It is found in central Luzon to Mindanao . baskets, hampers with lids, bags, rugs, carpets, placemats, jar, and other
It aboundis in fresh water swaps, and in newly opened rice land at low altitudes. decorative items.

Tikog belongs to sea grasses. It is a native reed plant used as a raw material for mat weaving. bags, decorative mats, hampers, newspaper racks, table mat, waste bin,
tower candle holder, wall décor.

OTHER LOCAL MATERIALS

Sanikulas Cookie Mold Carvings (Pampanga)
• The moulds are an exceptional piece of folk art and a rarity
 • Saniculas cookie makers would commission the carvers of these moulds with one of a kind designs. They would also have the initials of the owner
monogrammed on the moulds. This is why it’s so rare – it is considered a family heirloom. The moulds are made of hardwood and are of different shapes
and sizes. They would have a carved piece and a wood presser.
Pabalat or Pastillas Wrapper Cutting (Bulacan)
• Pabalat is a form of paper cutting originating in the province of Bulacan in the Philippines.
• It involves making intricate paper cut designs from wrapped used in pastillas, usually Papel De Hapon or Japanese Paper.
• The way to make it is so delicate that the only the ones with skilled hands and perfect control of their motor skill can produce the best kind.
TAKA OR Taka making
• The art of “Taka” or “Taka-Making” is not an exclusive Pinoy art.
• Paper mache and discouraging have been around the centuries. In the Philippines, the first recorded or mention of created “Taka” was by a woman named
Maria Bangue in the 1920’s.
PAGBUBURDA
(Taal and Lumban)
• The art of embroidery is happily alive and flourishing in these towns. Although it’s mostly done by women who are wives of the farmers and fishermen, it is
not uncommon to see fishermen and farmers who are also carefully and delicately embroidering floral designs during their “off-season”.
SINGKABAN or BAMBOO ART
• It is a fairly type of Philippine folk art, the art of shaving bamboo into artful creations that can be used as décor for arches or the home.
• Skilled craftsmen patiently shave off the bamboo, layer by layer, to create curls and delicate twirls of their bamboo.
• Singkaban is usually a celebrating art (fiestas, weddings and other celebrations that involve the entire community).
• Also it is our sense of “Bayanihan” that inspire their art from ensuring that art is appreciated and is accessible to everyone in the community and their
guests.
PUNI OR PALM LEAF
• Puni or Palm Leaf was intended to create artful toys for kids.
• Puni can also be used to create woven baskets, bags and even fans.
• The most common presentation of Puni Art is the “Palaspas” we see every holy week. Because of the abundance of coconut leaves.
• The Pinoys have indigenously created toys and other items through puni.
• Fresh coconut leaves are most commonly used, the leaves dry and crumble within the few days.
• It is most common to use leaves that are dried treated and dyed for strength and color.
• These outlet showcase not only the creativity of the Filipinos but most especially their ingenuity.
Techniques
• Mixed media is a term used to describe artworks composed from a combination of different media or materials. A work on canvas that combines paint,
ink, and collage could properly be called a "mixed media" work.
• New media art is a 21st Century catchall term used to define all that is related to the internet and the interplay between technology, images and sound.
Improvisation in theater
The playing of dramatic scenes without written dialogue & with minimal or no predetermined dramatic activity. Most or all of what is performed is created at
the moment it is performed. In its purest form, the dialogue, action, story, and characters are created collaboratively by the players as the improvisation unfolds in
present time, without use of an already prepared, written script. An important goal of improvisation is to enable the individual to develop spontaneity which is
necessary in creating the illusion of reality. The improvisation teacher must expose students to the theatrical environment through various games rather than
lectures.
Forms of Improvisation
1. Shortform – short scenes constructed from predetermined game.
2. Longform – scenes related by story or character
Improvisation Games
1. Spontaneous Response Games
2. Spontaneous Movement
3. Creative Movement
4. Interactive Storytelling
CREATIVE DRAMA
• It is an improvisational, non-exhibitional, process centered form of drama in which participants are guided by a leader to imagine, enact, and reflect upon
human experiences.
• This process allows students to actively explore a subject or question through imaginative play that is facilitated by a leader and may involve a variety of
improvisational activities.
• These activities are not scripted or memorized, and they allow students to synthesize various educational concepts into a personally meaningful form.
Skills, Techniques and Production in Contemporary Art
- Many contemporary artists do not have formal studies in the fine arts but are self-taught.
- Contemporary artists study on their own, interact with artists and read a lot about lives of artists and their artworks.
- There are contemporary artists who learn welding and simple engineering skills. Some hire resin makers, house painters and materials fabricators to help them in
constructing their artworks. Example: Ohm David’s Installation Art where he used metal and nylon strings and projected a spotlight onto the figure.
Collage
- It comes from the French word: coller, which means "to glue"; collage is a technique of an art production, primarily used in the visual arts, where the artwork is
made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole.
- A collage may sometimes include magazine and newspaper clippings, ribbons, paint, bits of colored or handmade papers, portions of other artwork or
texts, photographs and other found objects, glued to a piece of paper or canvas. This Is made by adhering flat elements such as newspaper or magazine cut-outs,
printed text, illustrations, photographs, cloth, string, etc. to a flat surface to create a thick layer that is almost like a relief sculpture.
- Are the techniques of an art production primarily used in visual arts where the artwork is made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole.
Paper Collage
- This is any collage that is made using paper as a medium, however various different types of paper can be used, either solely one type or a combination of different
paper. Some popular paper types used are: photos, magazines, newspaper, envelops, design-printed paper, textured paper & coloured cardboard.
Photo Collage
Mosaic
- The most common materials used are stone, glass, tiles, pebbles & marble & can be in the form of stain-glass windows, steeping stones, wall hangings or table tops.
Magazine Collage
Paint Collage
- This type of collage generally involves painting a sheet of paper with the paint or dye colour of your choice, make it interesting by painting a gradient of that colour,
or add spots or stripes, use can even you spray paint.
Wood and Natural Collage
-There is always twigs, branches & leaves available to why not make use of them? You can create wonderfully effective collages with driftwood, twigs, leaves, flowers,
raw or polished wood or even shells.
Fabric Collage’
-These collages are great for all those leftover scraps you may have lying around or even old clothes. Pieces can be cut or ripped into shapes or strips & arranged in a
design you find appealing.

3D Collage
- The majority of collage types above have aspects about them that are 3D, however you could also make a whole collage 3D by using materials like buttons &
layering them. These collages can be a bit fiddly but the result is well worth it.
Decoupage
- This type of collage involves using flat materials, such as linoleum, plastic or decorative paper, like wrapping paper & gluing it to an object of your choice, something
like an old-school telephone, plate, bowl or clock.
- is done by adhering cut-outs of paper and then coating these with one or more coats or transparent coating of varnish.
Digital Collage
- This type of collage is a testament to how far technology has come, there are many programs & websites out there which will allow you to make a collage of digital
images, either from a standard gallery or by uploading your favourite pictures or personal photographs.
DECOLLAGE
- Is the opposite of collage, instead of an image is being built up all of parts of existing images, it is created by cutting, treating away and otherwise removing pieces of
an original images.
- The french word “DECOLLAGE” in english means “Take Off” or “To become Ungled” or “To become Unstuck”
Decalcomania
- is the process of applying gouache to paper or glass then transferring a reversal of that image onto canvas or other flat materials.
Frottage
- is the technique of rubbing with crayon on a piece of paper which has been placed over an object or an image. The impression of the image can be created using
leaves, wood, wire screen, or metal with embossed image or words.
Montage
- is used for photography or film where a pictorial image is juxtaposed or placed overlapping to make another picture or design.
Trapunto painting
- is the technique used by Pacita Abad where her canvases are padded, sewn, and often filled with sequins, beads, shells, buttons, tiny mirrors, bits of glass, rickrack,
swatches of precious textiles and other things that she picks up from her travels and journeys.
Digital Applications for art viewing
- An example was made possible by the Samsung Supports the Arts FACETS based at Yuchengco Museum.
- It comes with augmented reality technology (which is available from the downloading station at the museum)
Art Production
-An artist can work alone or interact with fellow artists. Interactive and collaborative work is gaining popularity among Filipino artists.
-Visual and Performance artists combine their talents and skills for public performances.
DIGITAL ARTS
-The first use of the term digital art was in the early 1980s when computer engineers devised a paint program which was used by the pioneering digital artist Harold
Cohen. This became known as AARON.
-Is an artwork or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.
-Digital art is placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.
-After some resistance, the impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as paintings, drawings, sculpture and music/ sound art, while new form such
as net arts.
- is a term applied to contemporary art that uses the method of mass production or digital media.
-The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisements and by film-makers to produce visual effects. Both digital and
traditional artist use many sources of electronic information and programs to create their work.
TYPES OF DIGITAL ARTS
 Digital Photography  Photo Painting
 Vector Drawing  Digital Collage
 Algorithmic/ Fractals  Digital Painting
Film and broadcast art
 Lamberto V. Avellana
-He also known as “ The Boy Wonder of the Philippine Cinema “ . He was a director who first utilized the motion picture camera which influenced filmmaking
techniques. He also into field of theater
-Established the barangay theater Guild together with his wife
-Won different awards out of the country for remarkable productions
-His films are
- Sakay ( won the best picture in 1939) - Anak Dalita
- Badjao - Kalderong Pilak
 Manuel Pabustan Ubarno
-Also known as Manuel Conde started his journey in the world of film as an apprentice in the Filippine film. He later on became the assistant director for sarswela film
entitled giliw ko of LVN pictures .he produce movies which mirror and critiques the filipino traditions, customs ,values ,and culture
-He established the MC ( Manuel Conde )
-He introduced local cinema to an international audience
-He direct two movies focusing on world history and literature
-His Films are
- Siete infantes De lara - Si Juan Tamad
- -Ikaw kasi - Genghis Khan
- Sigfredo
 Gegardo De Leon
-When he was in high school Gerardo served as a piano player for silent movies . This became his first training ground in the field of cenima.
-He was a medical practitioner by profession
-But his burning passion he pursue a career in directing films .
-His films are
- Noli Me Tangere
- El Filibusterismo
- Daigdig ng mga Api
- Sisa
 Lino Brocka
-He was an award winning director who used “ freedom of expression “ in his works
-Social activist
-Gave hope to the marginalized sector of the society trough his production
-His films are
- Perfect Mother
- Tubog sa ginto
- Tinimbang ka ngunit kulang
- Orapronobis
- Sa kuko ng liwanag
- Bona
- Makiusap ka sa Diyos
 Ishmael Bernal
-He also called “ Genius of the Philippine Cinema. Apart from the aesthetic of his productions the powerful messages contained his film created great impact to the
philippine cinema.
-His works reflect existing realities society
-Struggle of the filipino people
-The elements of his works was their symbolic details
-His films are
- Himala - Nunal sa tubig
 - Pahiram ng isang umaga - Broken marriage
 Eddie Romero
-His real name was Edgar Romero y Sinco . His career in the filmmaking started when he was still student in siliman university . More oppunities came to him that led
Eddie to write screenplays
-He is screen playwright
-Producer
-Film director
-Established Eddie Romero Production
-A FAMAS winner and many awards
-His films are
- Ganda mo - Banta ng kahapon
- So long america - Noli Me Tangere
- Isumpa mo giliw - Buhay alamang
- Mameng iniibig kita -kantalawa
 Ronald Allan K. Poe
-He also known as Fernando Poe Jr. ( FPJ ) was a legendary icon in the philippine cinema . FPJ starred on numerous action movie
-Actor, Action star, Writer, Producer, Director
-His films are
- Ang batang maynila - Totoy bato
- Ang probinsyano - Ang alamat
- Ako ang katarungan - Ang Panday
GRAFFITI
- Graffiti comes from the Italian word graffere, which means 'to scratch on a surface'. This 'scratching' can be done on any surface with any implement, permanent or
not. Today we have come to know graffiti as 'illicit application of a medium to the surface'. These media can include spray paint, pencil, stickers, charcoal, etc…
As time continues, etchings and paintings document the stories of the people creating them. These stories are as varied as the artists telling them. There is graffiti
dating back to ancient Greece that includes a brothel advertisement in Ephesus to the first-known depiction of Jesus on the side of a school traced back to the second
or third century. This graffiti is believed to be the first depiction of Jesus Christ.
- Graffiti writing is often seen as having become intertwined with hip hop culture and the myriad international styles derived from Philadelphia and New York City
Subway graffiti. However, there are many other instances of notable graffiti in the twentieth century. Graffiti have long appeared on building walls, in latrines,
railroad boxcars, subways, and bridges.
- Some graffiti have their own poignancy.
LAND ART
- Earthworks or earth arts is an art movement in which landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked.
- It is an art form that created in nature, using natural materials like soil , rock (bed rock , boulders , stones), organic media (logs, branches, leaves), and water which
introduced materials as concrete, metal, or mineral pigments.
- Artworks or earth arts is an art movement in which landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked.
- It is also an art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as soil,rock (bed rock, boulders,stones), organic media (logs,branches,leaves), and water
which introduced materials such as concrete,metal,asphalt ormineral pigments.
- The works frequently exist in the open, located well away from civilization, left to change and erode under natural conditions.
- Landscape is one of the mean of the creation , nor the Sculpture , it is not placed to consider a landscape.
- The works frequently exist in the open, located well away from civilization, left change and erode under natural conditions.
- Concerns of the art movement centered around rejection of commercialization of art-making and enthusiasm with an emergent ecological movement. The art
movement coincided with the popularity of the rejection of urban living and its counterpart, an enthusiasm for that which is rural. Included in these inclinations were
spiritual yearnings concerning the planet Earth as home to mankind.
LITERATURE
- The bond between the Philippines and American still continues even after the declaration of independence in 1946. It is continual flourishment of modernism .
- The field of poetry was emerged during the contemporary period. They publish the young poets to campus journals.
BAGAY
-The movement also took the scene. The kind of poetry which uses colloquial language and built on concrete images which tend to describe experience.
-Jose F. Lacaba, Rolando Tinio, Bienvenido Lumbera, Antonio Samson, Edmundo Martinez
-ANG BAYANG MALAYA by Amando V. Hernandez, long narrative piece about a peasant leader.
SHORT STORY WRITING
-After World War II,short stories focused on the self-consciousness and self- expression.
-ENGLISH SHORT STORIES WRITERS
- N.V.M.GONZALES, NICK JOAQUIN, Aljandro Roces, Francisco Arellano,
ESSAY AND CRITICISM
- After World War II, literary criticism aiming to analyze the Philippines writings.
- Informal essay, took the scene which was developed by women writers.
- THE CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE LITERATURE WAS A MIXTURE OF A VARIETY OF SUBJECTS. IT IS ALSO A PRODUCT OF DIFFERENT INNOVATIVE
TECHNIQUES OF WRITERS.

The Elements of Visual Arts

What is line?
-Line is the foundation of all drawing. It is the first and most versatile of the visual elements of art. Line in an artwork can be used in many different ways. It can be
used to suggest shape, pattern, form, structure, growth, depth, distance, rhythm, movement and a range of emotions.
-Lines have many qualities which the artists exploit . They may be short or long, fine on think, heavy or light, wavy or jagged straight or waved. They usually delineate
shapes. Used across on within a shape, they give the effect of solidity or create an illusion of volume, or rough or smooth texture.
-A series of heavy lines draw close the another hand a few light strokes can give a sensation of softness and delicacy . A painter can use lines to simulate the gentle
movement of the following river, the graceful swaying of trees, on the sharpness of crags.
The way we draw a line can convey different expressive qualities:’
 Freehand lines can express the personal energy and mood of the artist
 Mechanical lines can express a rigid control
 Continuous lines can lead the eye in certain directions
 Broken lines can express the ephemeral or the insubstantial
 Thick lines can express strength
 Thin lines can express delicacy
Direction and Movement of Lines
 Horizontal Line
 Vertical Line
 Diagonal Line
 Curved Line
 Circular Line