Wworxboox 2022 g =~ Electrical Engineering Electr ical Machi ==) MADE EASYElectrical Machines CONTENTS 1 2 3. Induction 4 5 MADE EASY WOrKDOOK ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING :Chapter-1 : DC Machines DC Generator: Introduction Constructional details Winding ‘Types of de generators Voltage build-up ‘Armature reaction Commutation Characteristics-applications + Parallel operation DC Motors: Principle + Types of DC motors + Charactoristics-applications + Speed control Starters Braking Losses-etticiency and Testing Chapter-2 : Transformers Single-Phase Transformer: * Construction-principle + IdealPractical Transformer, no load and on Load © Magnatic circuits and Equivalent circuit + Voltage regulation * OC and SC Test ‘+ Sumpner’s and Polarity Test Efficiency All day efficiency Parallel operation ‘Auto transformer Magnetic Inrush current Three-Phase Transformer: * Construction + Phasor groups + Harmonic analysis + Open delta and Scott connection Chapter-3 : Induction Machines ‘© Construction Principle-RMF ‘Types of Induction motors + Starting torque and Maximum torque condition + Torque slip characteristics © Copyright Chapter-4 : Synchronous Macl Special Mact Electrical Machines Description Sheet Power stages Induction motor and Transformer comparison Equivalent circuit No load and Blocked rote Circle diagram . tests * Starting methods Speed control Braking Induction generator Special construction Crawiing/Cogging + Stator construction, ky, ky * Rotor construction + Armature reaction ‘+ Voltage regulation : 4 methods + Two reaction theory for salient pole machine Slip test : X,and X, Parallel operation Power relations Excitation variations -i¢. Veurves ete. Mechanical input variation Prime mover characteristics SCR, and Py, Hunting and Shor circuit transients ‘Synchronous motors, Principle Starting methods Motor on no load/on load Power relations Veurves ete. ‘Synchronous condenser Single phase synchronous motors i.e Hysteresis and reluctance motor Chapter-5 : Single-phase Induction Motors © Principle Double field revolving theory ‘Types-characteristics-applications Equivalent circuit No load and Blocked rotor tests 28: © Steppermotor * Servo motors. wowmadeeasypublcations.orgMultiple Cholce Questions 1. If the field winding of an unloaded de shunt motor gets opened while running, it wil (@) stop (b) run with reduced speed (©) runwithincreased speed (6) oscillate about original speed [las-1994] 2, Ade cumulatively compounded motor delivers rated load torque at rated speed. If the series field is short-circuited, then the armature current and speed will (a) both decrease (0) both increase (c) increase and decrease respectively (d) decrease and increase respectivaly [1AS-1994] 3. A separately excited de machine, having an armature resistance of 2 ohms, was working on a 220 V supply and drawing 10 A armature current fom the Source when the supply votage suddenly dropped to 200 V. Assuming that the field circuit soures voltage remained unattfected, how wil the armature current ofthe machine react tothe change? (@) It will intially rise to 11 A and then settle downto 10 A. fall momentarily to 9.09 A and then slowly attain 10 A (©) It will reduce to zero first and tl back to 10. (A) ‘twill remain unaffected by the change and continue tobe 10 A, [IAS-1994] en settle www.madeeasypublications.org pane g DC Machines ‘Ade cumulatively compounded generator was operating satisfactorily ane supplying power to an infinite bus when the mechanical power supply from/the prime mover failed. The machine will thefifufias a (2) ditferentialy compounded motor with speed reversed. (0) differentially compounded motor with the direction of speed the same as before. (©) cumblatively compounded motor with the same direction of speed as before. {@) cumulatively compounded motor with speed reversed. [IAS-1994] Ifthe field circutt of a shunt moter, equipped with 3-point starter, gots interrupted accidentally \while running normally then the (a) starter arm will ly back to the off position. {b) speed of the motor will rise dangerously. (6) armature winding will draw heavy current {d)_ motor will continue to run normally. [1AS-1994] Assertion (A): DC shunt motors are usually fitted with interpoles Reason (R): Interpoles increase the starting torque of de shunt motors, (@) Both A and R are true and Ris the correct explanation of A, (©) Both A and R are true but Ris NOT the correct explanation of A (c) Ais true but Ris false (@) Ais false but Ris true [1AS-1994] MADE EASY © CopyrightMADE EASY Publications 7. Assertion (A): In a level compounded de generator, the terminal voltage at full load is equal to the terminal voltage at no-load Reason (R): Under load conditions, the armature reaction increases the flux per pole and thus helps maintain a constant terminal voltage. (2) Both A and R are true and Ris the correct explanation of A. (o) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A () Ais true but Ris false (d) Ais false but R is true [1AS-1994] 8. Ashunt generator has a critical field resistance of 200 @ at a speed of 800 r.p.m. If the speed of the generator is increased to 1000 r-p.m. what is the change in the eritical field resistance ofthe generator? (a) Decreases to 1602 (©) Remains the same at 200. (6) Increases to 250.0 (d) Increases to 312.5. [ESE-2008) 9. Two identical loss-less series motors connected in series across a de supply voltage, run at speed of N, and N,. The ratiov6f thelr output powers wil be (a) NB:N3 (0) Ny Ny (opt 1 (6) N,N, »{IAS-1995] In a de machine, the demagnetising effect of armature reactions duie to (2) componentof amature mmf along field axis (0) non-sinusoidal nature of armature mmf (6) magnetic sattiration in halt of the field pole (6) uneven air gap length 10. [IAS-1995} Plugging of de motors is normally done by (a) connecting a resistance across the armature (©) reversing simultaneously the armature and field polarity reversing the field polarity reversing the armature polarity [las-1995} WW. © ‘) (Copyright 73a Keujood Fah Publlaations Workbook 12, Ade shunt wound motor finds application in {@) electrictrains —(b) tape recorders (0) blowers (6) steel raling mills [1AS-1995] 13, Match List-l with List-ll and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists List! Armature voltage control Field current control Use of diverter resistance Rheostatic control Listl 1. Speeds above base speed 2. Specdsibelow base sped 3, Poor motor efficiency 4. Speed contro! of series motor Codes: A @ 1 (oy? 4 2 goOmPr Lonad osane ee) [IAS-1995] 14, In de machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machine where in it could be on any member, because (@) ifreduced field structure from losses. (0) it gives more uniform air-gap in flux distribution {c) commutator action is not possible otherwise. (a) de machines are comparatively low rating machines. [IAS-1996] bipolar de machine with interpoles has amain- pole flux of @ per pole and an inter-pole flux of @, per pole. The yoke of the machine is divided into four quadrants by the main-pole axis and the commutation axis. The flux-distribution in the quadrants will be 1 (@)_ 5 (6 +4) inallthe four quadrants 1 (©) 5 (=¢,)inall the four quadrants — wor madeeasypublications.org6 Electrical Engineering 1 (©) 3 (@ + &,) in two diametrically opposite 1 quadrants and > (—6,) in the remaining two quadrants 1 > (@+6,)intwo adjacent quadrants, and inthe remaining two quadrants [lAs-1996] (9) 16. A cumulatively compounded de motor runs at 1000 rpm at no-load. On full load, the flux increases by 10%, whereas the fullload drop in the combined resistance of the armature and series field is 5%. Neglecting magnetic saturation, the full load speed will be nearly (2) 863rpm (©) 909 rpm (€) 1000 rpm (@) 1050 1pm [IAS-1996] 17. A 6-pole lap-connected de generator with 480 conductors has an armature resistance of 0.06 ohm, If the conductors are connected to form a wave winding, other things remaining unchanged, the value of the armature resistance willbe (a) 0.01 chm (c) 0.36 ohm (©) 0.06 ohm (d) 0.540hm [IAs-1997} A 2-pole series motor with its two field coils connected in series runslat.a speed of 500 rpm. If the field colls are reconnected in parallel and assuming that the torque is constant/and the Magnetic circuit is unsaturated, the new speed will be 18. 500 (a) 250rpm_ (0) Bem (¢) 1000 rpm [1AS-1997] () s00y2 rpm 19, Theintroduction of nterpoles in between the main poles improves the performance of a de machine, because a) the interpoles produce additional flux to ‘augment the developed torque —EEE | wonmadeeasypublcations.org oN eG wan 73a Keajooa sah © Electrical Machines 20, at 23, MADE ERSY Publications Publications (0) the flux waveform s improved with reduction inharmonies (0) the inequality of air-gap flux on the top and bottom halves of the armature is removed (a) a counter-emf is induced in the coi undergoing commutation [IAS-1997] ‘On direct on line (DOL) starting, de motor is found to rotate in the direction opposite to that for which it was designed, The motor is a {a) series motor (0) shunt motel (e) cumulatively 66fhpounded motor. (@) differential compounded motor. [1AS-1997] Consider the following statements: ‘To control the speed of a de shunt motor above the base speed over a reasonably wide range, the motor must 7. have compensating winding 2. have interpole winging 3. be started using a 3-point starter. 4, be started using a 4-point starter. Of these statements: (@) 1, 2and 4 are correct (0) 1, 2and3are correct (c) 1andSare correct (a) 2and 4are correct [1AS-1997] In ade machine, the armature mmf is (a) rectangular and directed along the inter- polar axis. triangular and directed along the inter-polar axis triangular and directed along the brush axis, rectangular and directed along the brush axis. {o) te) (a) Assume that in the magnetisation curve, the rated values of voltage, armature current, speed and torque are same for the following motors: 1. Series motor 2, Shunt motor L—=_ © Copyright |MADE EASY Publications 3. Cumulative compound motor 4, Different compound motor rated Carrent Match the type of motor with corresponding speed-current characteristics showninthe above figure and select the correct answer using the codes given below: Codes: A Bc OD @2 3 1 4 1 3 2 4 @1 423 @2 4 13 UAS-1999] 24, If the main flux'g,,’ and the commutating flux ‘6, are considered together in parts Aand Bat ademachine as shown in the below figure, then iG — (4 Kp wy (@) 4, increases the density in A, but decreases the density in B (©) 6, decreases the density in A, butincreases the density in 8 (6) écincteases the density in both A and 8 (0) $, decreases the density in both A and B [1AS-1999} Inaloaded de generator ifthe brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will 25. (Copyright 3a Keajoaa ah 26, 27. 28, Publlaations Workbook 7 (a) improve with fal of terminal voltage (0) deteriorate with fall of terminal voltage {c) improve with rise in terminal voltage (d) deteriorate withe rise in terminal voltage [1AS-2000} ‘Ade shunt motor is required to drive a constant power load at rated speed while drawing rated armature current, Neglecting saturation and all machine losses, if both the terminal voltage and the field current of the machine are halved, then (@) the speed becomes 2 pu (per unit) but armature curfentremains at 1 pu the speed/femains at 1 pu but armature current becomigs2 pu both speed and armature current become 2ppu. both sped and armature current remain at 1 pu (o) (©) (a) [1AS-2000} The series and shunt field windings of a short shunt cumulatively compound d.c. motor get interchanged by mistake. On supplying rated voltage, the motor shall (a) run normally. (0) runin the reverse direction, (6) tunas differentially compounded. (a) notrun [1AS-2002] The below figure shows the speed-torque characteristics of the following d.c. motors: Shunt motor Series motor Cumulatively compound motor Differential compound motor The no-load speed of all the motor is same. Maich the type of motors with the corresponding curve using the codes given below: 9oOm>Pr thls wor madeeasypublications.org8 Electrical Engineering © Electrical Machines Codes: 32. A BC D @1 4 3 2 2 3 4 4 @1 3 4 2 @2 4 31 [lAs-2002) 29. In adic. motor if the brushes are shifted | > opposite to its direction of rotation, then z {a) commutation is worsened and speed | 5 decreases. z (©) commutation is improved and speed | ® decreases, 3/3 (c) commutation is worsened and speed | = increases. (@) commutation is improved and speed increases. : [As-2002] | 7 80. A d.c, shunt motor with negligible armature | = resistance is required to drive a constant power | 2 ‘oad. Under normal rated-load operating | 2 conditions when the terminal voltage |= | 34, v= 1.0 pu, the speed n= 1.0 p.u. and the} 3 armature current 1, = 1.0 p.u. and, with linear |= magnetizing characteristic thefield flux 3 $=1.0pu. 2 If y,=0.5 pu. and the flux ¢iSkept constant at | 2 4.0 pu, then (@) 0= 112 pu. and j= 20 pu. 35, (0) n= 1.0 pu. and/,=20 pu (¢) n=2pu.andi, = 10p.u (8) n= 12p.u.and y= Y2.0 pu. [AS-2002] 31. Consider the following statements in respect of compensating windings in d.c. motors: 1, Compensating windings are connected in sories with the armature. 2, Compensating windings ald commutation, 8, Compensating windings produce mmtin the Publications To prevent the shitting of the magnetic neutral axis, caused by the ‘armature reaction’ in adc. machine, the most effective method to neutralize the armature flux is to {a) shift the ‘brush-axis’ (0) provide high-reluctance main pole tips. (©) cut horizontal slots in the main poles. (@) place compensating windings on the main- pole faces. [IAS-2005] ‘A 240 V, de shunt Motor draws 18 A while supplying the rated load ata speed of 80 rad/s The armatufe resistance is 0.5 & and the field winding resistance ig 80. The net voltage acro8s the armatire resistance at the time of plugging willbe (a) 6V (b) 234 (o) 240 (0) 474 [GATE-2008} The external resistance to be added in the ‘armature circuit to limit the armature current to 125% ofits rated value is (@) 3119 (0) 3199 (©) 1519 (@ 1599 [GATE-2008} In a DC machine, which of the following statements is true? (@) Compensating winding is used for neutralizing armature reaction while nterpole winding is used for producing residual flux Compensating winding is used for neuvaiizing armature reaction while interpole winding is used for improving commutation. Compensating winding is used for improving commutation while interpole winding is used for neutralizing armature (0) () same direction as that of armature mm. | reaction Which of these statements is/are correct? | 3 (a) Compensating winding is used for (a) 2and3 (©) only z improving commutation while interpole (6) tand3 () tand2 winding is used for producing residual flux. [1AS-2003] [GATE-2006] —EE _woumadeeasypubliatonsorg MADE EASH © Copyright |MADE EASY Publications 36. A220 VDC machine supplies 20 A at 200 as a generator. The armatures resistance is 0.2 ohm. If the machine is now operated as a motor at same terminal voltage and current but with the flux increased by 10%, the ratio of motor speed to generator speed is (@) 087 (b) 0.95 (©) 096 (@) 1.06 [GATE-2006] 87. Inad.c, machine, for the same values of , Z and N; which one of the following statements is. correct? (a) Armature e.m.{ is more with wave winding than with lap winding Armature e.m\. is less with wave winding than with lap winding (6) Armature m4, depends on whether the machine is running as amotor or a generator. ‘Armature e.m. is the same as long as the flux density in the air gap remains the same [ESE-2004] (b) (9) 38. Fourtypesof d.c. generators at constant spodd are considered (List-1). Theinexternal characteristics at constant speed are given in List-l. Match List-I (Type of d.c. generator) with List-l (External characteristics) anc select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists List-1 Separately excited Series excited Shunt exelted Over-compound excited List-I1 pOm>, ‘emature current, © Copyright 3 a See Publlaations 2 40, Workbook 9 Codes: A B cD f@2 3 41 4 (1 4 2 8 ()1 3 2 4 @2 4 1 3 Consider the following statements: The speed of a d.c. motor can be controlled by the variation of 1. armature voltage. 2, field current 3. atmature circultresistahice 4, angle offbrush shift Which oftheystatemnents given above are correct? (a1. and 3 (b) 2,3and4 (©) 4.3. and 4) (6) 1, 2and4 [ESE-2004] th DG series motor, what is the increase in the tofque expressed as percentage of inital torque, ifthe current drawn by ad.c, motors increased from 10 Ato 12.A (Neglect saturation)? (a) 21% (o) 25% (©) 41% (0) 44% [ESE-2004] Assertion (A): In the “3-point” type of starter of ad.c. series motor, the “holding coil for holding the starter handlein the “ON’ stud is connected in such amanner that itis short-circuited when the "over load!” relay picks up. Reason (R): In a.d.c. sories motor starter, to guard against “racing” due to sudden larger reduction of shaft-load, the “holding coil” is connected in series with the armature circuit and the series field winding, (@) Both A and R are individually true and Ris, the correct explanation of A (0) Both A and R are individually true but R is not a correct explanation of A (6) Ais true but Ris false (@) Ais false but Ris true [ESE-2004] — wor madeeasypublications.orgElectrical Engineering 10 ‘A400 V D.C. shunt motor takes 5 A at no-load. R, = 0.5 ohms, R,= 200. ohms. What is the ratio of speed from full load to no-load, when the D.C. shunt motor takes 50 A on full oad? 42. (@) 0.94 (©) 08 (c) 06 (d) 04 [ESE-2005} 43. Match List-| with List-ll and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-1 List-II A. Opencitcuitcharacteristics 1. Vu J, B. Internal characteristics 2. Bul, C. Extermalcharacteristics. 8. Ev, D. Load saturation curve 4a Vul Codes: A B Cc D @4 3 2 4 fo) 2 1 4 8 4 1 2 3 2 3 4 1 [ESE-2005} 44, Inthe block diagram of a separately excited de motor, how does the armature induced emf appear as? (@) Postive feedback (b) Negative feedback (©) Disturbance input (d) Output [ESE-2005} 45. Assertion (A):In.ad.c: generator, even though the armature magnetic field isin quatirature with the main magnetic tield, each considered alone, the resultant magnetia field due to interaction of both the fields is shifted backwards by certain angle from the geometrical neutral axis depending upontthe load Reason (R): Ina d.c. generator, the trailing pole- tips get magnetically saturated as the load reaches its rated value (@) Both A and Rare true and Ris the correct, explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (©) Ais true but Ris false (0) Ais false but Ris true [ESE-2005] —EE | wonmadeeasypublcations.org = 08 2a Aenea Fao Spon © Electrical Machines 46. 48, MADE ERSY Publications Publications ‘A6-pole lap wound d.c. machine armature has 720 conductors and it draws 50 A from supply mains. What is the flux distribution produced by the armature reaction per pole? (a) Rectangular in wave shape with a peak of 500 AT Rectangular in wave shape with @ peak of 100 AT Tiiangular in wave shape with a peak of 800 Al ‘Triangular in wave shape with a peak of 1000 aT () (©) (a) [ESE-2005] Match Liste with List-II and select the correct answer usingithe codes given below the lists: ist-! Ai Cumillatively compound motor B. Ditterentially compound motor C. Seties motor D._shunt motor List-tl 1, Faitly constant speed irrespective of the load 2. Itmay startin reverse direction 3. Definite no-load speed 4, Is never started without load Codes: A B Cc D @1 4 2 3 3 2 4 4 ()1 2 4 3 M3 4 2 4 [ESE-2005] What is the form of an air gap flux density waveform of an uncompensated 2-pole d.c. shunt motor at full-load? cy (©) fa ‘an KO L—=_ © Copyright |MADE EASY Publications oo ® 2x @) 0 ™ Qn [ESE-2006] 49. Wave winding is employed in a d.c. machine of (@) high current and low voltage rating (b) low current and high voltage rating (@) high current and high voltage rating (6) low current and low voltage rating [ESE-2006] 50. Consider the following statements in respect of dc. generators: 1. Compensating windings are located in teeth ‘cut out in main poles. 2, Compensating windings are series connected so thal the armature reaction is aided at any load, 3. Compensating windings are series ‘connected for cancellation of the afmature reaction at any load. 4, Compensating windings) are)shunt connected to aid the mainpoles at any load Which of the statements given above are correct? (@) tand2 (&) 1. 2anas (©) tana3 (@) 2Band4 [ESE-2006} 51. For a constant)supply voltage, what are the effects of inserting aseries resistance in the field circuit ofa dic, shunt motor, on its speed and torque? (@) Speed will decrease and the torque wil decrease (©) Speed will Increase and the torque wil increase (¢) Speed will increase and the torque wil decrease (d) Speed will decrease and the torque wil increase [ESE-2006] © Copyright = 08 2a Aenea rao Seen 52, 55, 56. Publlaations Workbook 11 50 KW d.c. shunt motor is loaded to draw rated armature curentat any given speed, When driven ( athaif the rated speed by armature voltage control and (i) at 1.5 times the rated speed by field contol, what are the approximate output powers delivered by the motor? (2) 25 KW in (i) and 75 KW in (i) (0) 25 kWin (i) and 50 KW in (i) (6) SO KW in (i) and 75 KW in (i) (8) 50 kW in (i) and 50 KW in (i) (ESE-2006] 5 kW, 200 V dc. shunt motor has armature resistance off ohm and shunt field resistance of 100 ohth, Atiné lGad, the motor draws 6 A from 200 V supply and runs at 1000 rpm. What is the total copper loss of the machine? (@) 400W (©) 16W (c) 36 (a) 416w (ESE-2007] Neglecting all losses, how is the developed torque (T) of a d.c. seperately excited motor, operating under consiant terminal voltage, related to its output power (PY? (@) Te P () Pe P (0) TeP. (a) Tis independent of P [ESE-2007] The graph shown below represents which characteristic of adc, shunt generator? {a) Internal charactristic (0) External characteristic (6) Open-circult characteristic (a) Magnetic characteristic [ESE-2008] ‘A4-point starter is used to start and control the speed of a (a) de shunt motor with armature resistance control — wor madeeasypublications.orgElectrical Engineering 12 (b)_ de shuntmotor with field weakening control (c) de series motor (d)_ de compound motor [GATE-2011] 87. A220 V, DC shunt motor s operating ata speed of 1440 rpm. The armature resistance is 1.0.2 and armature currentis 10 A. Ifthe excitation of the machine is reduced by 10%, the extra resistance to be put in the armature circuit to maintain the same speed and torque will be (@) 1799 () 219 (9) 319 () 1892 [GATE-2011] A shunt motor running at 1000 rpm with rated voltage and if voltage is reduced to half what willbe the speed (a) 1000 (c) 250 58. (b) 500 (d) 2000 59. Consider the following parts of a de machine: 1. Yoke 2. Armature core 3. Brushes 4, Pole core Which of the above parts are subjected toifon loss ? (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 only (b) 2 only () 1,2, 3.and [ESE-2010] How many segments will be there! for the commutator of a 6 pole d.eimachine having a simple wave wound armature with72 slots? (@) 73 (&) 72 (71 («) 70 60. [ESE-2011] The air-gap between the yoke and armature ina de motor is kepbsmall (a) to achieve a stronger magnetic field (0) to avoid overheating of the machine. (6) to avoid locking of the armature. (0) to avoid transverse motion 61. [ESE-2012] ‘Ade series motoris running at rated speed and rated voltage, feeding a constant powerload. If the speed has to be reduced to 0.25 p.u., the supply voltage should be reduced to 62. —EE | wonmadeeasypublcations.org 2a Aeuypoa Tao Spoon © Electrical Machines 65, 66, MADE ERSY Publications Publications (a) 0.75 pu (0) 0.25 pu (0) 05 pu. (d) 0.075 p.u, [ESE-2012] A 4-pole lap wound de generator has a developed power of P watt and voltage of E volt. Two adjacent brushes of the machine are removed as they are worn out. If the machine operates with the remaining brushes, the developed voltage and power that can be obtained from the machine are (a) Eand P (0) E/2 and PI2 (e) Eand Pia (6) Eand Pi2 [ESE-2013] The induced émf of a de machine running at 750,tpm is 220\VsThe percentage increase in field fx foFgenerating an induced emf of 250 V at 700 rpm would be fa) 7% {c) 21,7% (b) 11.25% (0) 42.4% [ESE-2013] ‘A de series motor with a resistance between terminals of 1 ©, runs at 800 rpm from a 200 V supply taking 15, Ithe speedis to be reduced to 475 rpm for the same supply voltage and current, the additional series resistance to be inserted would be approximately (@) 250 ©) 39 (©) 459 (a 5a [ESE-2014] nade machine, for the same number of slots and same current in the armature conductor, Which one ofthe following willincuce higher emt? (a) Lap winding (©) Wave winding (c) Compensating winding (@) Pole winding [ESE-2014] A4-pole, lap-connected, separately excited de motor is drawing a steady current of 40 A while running at 600 rpm. A good approximation for the waveshape of the current in an armature conductor of the motor is given by L—=_ © Copyright |MADE EASY @) 1 ile rs (b) 40, i. t rs (c) 1 f| Pe caney a (d) : {28 0A [GATE-2016 Numerical Data Type Questions 68. A4pole lap wound de generatorGonsist of 220 turn each of resistance 0,004 2. Qis armature resistance, 69, A 8 pole lap wound de machine has 720 conductors andthe pole covers 70% of the pole pitch 's the number of conductors in compensating winding on each pole. 70, Thenoload speed of a 230 V separately excited de motor is 1400 rpm. The armature resistance top and the brush drop areneglected. The field current is kept constant at rated value, The torque of the motor in Nm for an armature current of B Ais [GATE-2014} © Copyright 3a Keujooa sah Workbook 13 71. A250 KW, 400 V, 6-pole de generator has 720 lap wound conductors. Itis given a brush lead of 2.5 angular degrees (mech.) from the geometric neutral AT/pole is the cross- magnetizing ampere-turs per pole. 72. Ade shunt motor is driving a centrifugal pump whose load lorque varies as square of speed. The pump speed is controlled by varying the voltage of the moter with the fiold current remaining constant. Atfull load with an voltage of 500 V, the armature currents 128 A. is 1 the voltage required to reduestne speedo of its original valde), = 0.28 Q. Ignore the effect of armature reaction and loss torque {(rediletion in torque culput on account of rotation losses). 73, ADC shunt generator delivers 45 A ata terminal voltage of 220 V. The armature and the shunt field rasistances are 0.01 @ and 44 @ respectively. The stray losses are 375 W. The percentage efficiency of the DC generator is [GATE-2016] A separately excited DC generator supplies 180 A to a 145 V DC grid. The generator is running at 800 RPM. The armature resistance is 0.1.9. Ifthe speed of the generator is increased to 1000 RPM, the current in amperes supplied by the generator to the DC grid is (Give the answer up to one decimal place.) [GATE-2017 : 2 Marks] Try Yourself 1 7A, ‘A 400 V seties motor has a total armature resistance of 0.25.8. When running at 1200 rpm it draws a current of 25 A. When a regulating resistance of 2.75 Qis included in the armature circuit, it draws current of 15 A. ___ rpms the value of the new speed, Assume that the flux with 15 A is 70% of that with 25 A, [Ans. 1545.6) woramadeeasypubliations.ora)14 T2. 13. Electrical Engineering ‘50 kW, 230 VDC shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.1 @ and a field resistance of 200. itruns on no-load ata speed of 1400.1m, drawing a current of 10 A from the mains. When delivering a certain load, the motor draws a current of 200 A from the mains. Assume that the armature reaction cause a reduction in flux! pole of 4 % of ts no-load value. Then The speed at which it will run at this load is, __Tpmand the torque developed at this load is Nm. [Ans. : 1337, 298.4] ‘A240 series motor takes 40 A when giving its rated output at 1500 rpm. Its resistance is 0.3 2. Then find what resistance must be added to obtain rated torque at starting. (2) 032 () 32 () 572 (@) 62 [Ans. : (¢)] Rs © Electrical Machines 74, 3 Coyesyaned Publications ‘A3 KW series motor runs normally at 800 rpm on a 240 V supply, taking 16 A the field coils are all connected in series. If the coils are reconnected in two parallel groups of two in series, The load torque increases as the square of the speed. Assume that the flux is directly proportional to the current and ignore losses. The speed is_rpm and the current drawn by the motor is __ Amp. —? [Ans. : 951, 26.9] MADE ERSY PublMultiple Cholce Questions 1. Abank of three identical single-phase 250 kVA, 11 KV/230 V transformers is used to provide 400 V low tension supply from a 11 kV, 3-phase ssub-station. The effective KVA rating of the bank will be: (a) 250 (o) 250/38 (c) 500 (qd) 750 [IAS-1994] 2. AAKVA, 280/115 volt, 400 Hz, single-phase transformer, originally designed for use in’alt- crafts, is available in a laboratory for obtaining 115 V supply from standard 280 V, 60 Hz mains. If overloading of the device is not\permitted, then the netkVA output of the transformerin the laboratory cannot exceed (a) 32 (odes (o) 4 (@) 05> [IAS-1994] 3. Atransformer designed for operation on 60 Hz supply is worked on.50 Hz supply system without changing its voltage and current ratings. When compared with full load efficiency at 60hz, the transformer efficiency on full load at 50 Hz will (@) increase marginally (0) inctease by a factor of 1.2 (c) remain unaltered (d) decrease marginally [las-1994] 4, The given figure represents a transformer with two windings 1 and 2 wound on the core as shown. By applying a voltage V, across winding 1, avoltage V, is induced across winding 2. In an idealised condition V, would lag V, by © Copyright im uponn pe Transformers LEE ‘ {a) zetodegrees (hb) 90 degrees (6) 180degrees —(¢) 270 degrees [IAS-1995] The leakage fluxin a transformer depends upon the (@) applied voltage (b) frequency (6) loadcurrent —(@)_ mutual flux [IAS-1995] The voltage regulation of a large transformer is mainly influenced by (a) no-load current and load power factor (0) winding resistance and load power factor (6) leakage fluxes and load power factor (6) winding resistance and core loss [IAS-1995] The series equivalent impedance of a single phase transformer referred to its secondary side is Ze, = Fe, + iXep The voltage regulation of this transformer will be zero when the power factor of the load is Xe (@) unity 1. leading x R ©) zz lagging (d) ze leading [1AS-1995] 7 wwwimadeeasypublications.org |Electrical Engineering 16 8, Ifa saw-cut is made in the iton core of a single- phase transformer as shown in the given figure, with secondary terminals open, it will result in (@) no voltage across secondary terminals due to discontinuity (b) excessively large current drawn by primary. (¢) no appreciable change in the operation of the transformer. (6) notranstormer action and the primary current, will be greatly reduced. [IAS-1996} 9. Assertion (A): The iron losses of a transformer increase if the supply frequency is increased with applied voltage remaining constant. Reason (R): The flux density in a core is inversely proportional to the frequenoy of thé exciting current. (@) Both A and R are tue and Ris thélcorrect explanation of A (©) Both A and R are true but Riis NOT the correct explanation off (0) Ais true but Ris false (0) Ais false but Ris true [las-1996} 10. Astar connected generator supplies power toa slar/star connected transformer as shown in the given figure. The generator voltages are perfectly balanced. As a result Gonoralor YN Transformer —EEE | wonmadeeasypublcations.org iv 3a Keajooa Fah © Electrical Machines " 12. MADE ERSY Publications Publications {@) third harmonic exciting currents will low in the primaries of star (b) third harmonic exciting currents cannot flow in the primaries of star (6) the fluxes in the three transformer cores are sinusoidal in time (6) the voltage between ‘0 and ‘n’ is zer0 [IAS-1997] Ifthe height to width ratio of the window of core- type transformers increased, then {a) its leakage reactance and percentage voltage regulationwill decrease. (0) its leakage f@actance and percentage voltage regulation willinctease (0) its leakage reactance will be unaffected but {6tal space if the window will increase to accomiiodate the windings better. (2) efficiency wilincrease and temperature rise will decrease [1AS-1997] ‘A 220/110 V, 50 Hz single-phase transformer having a negligible winding resistance operates from a variable voltage, variable frequency supply such that V,/f (V, = primary applied voltage, f = source frequency) is constant, This will bring in, in the given range of frequencies, (a) variation in both eddy current loss and hysteresis loss, (©) variation only in the eddy current loss, hysteresis loss remaining constant. (c) variation only in the hysteresis loss, eddy current loss remaining constant. {d) nochange either in the eddy currentloss or the hysteresis loss. [IAS-1997] Assattion (A): The no-load current of star/star connected bank of three single-phase transformers contains all harmonics except the triplen harmonics. Reason (R): Saturation of the core is responsible for the harmonics in the no-load current of a singe-phase transformer. L—=_ © Copyright |MADE EASY Publications (@) Both A and R are true and Ris the correct explanation of A (0) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (6) Ais true but Ris false (@) Ais false but Ris true [IAS-1997] 14, Consider the following statements: ‘The use of Delta-connected tertiary windings in star-star connected power transformers 1. make available supply for single-phase loads. 2, suppresses harmonic votages. 3. allows flow of earth fault current for operation of protective devices. 4, provides low-reactance paths for zero- sequences currents, Of these statements: (@) 1,2and3are correct, (b) 1,3and4 are correct (©) 2and4are correct (d) 1,2,8and4arecomect —_[IAS-1998] 15. Assertion (A): Three-phase transformers of different vector groups should not be operated inparallel Reason (R): Transformers belongingtoiterent vector groups will not have the same sequence onthe secondary side. (a) Both A and R are true and A is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are tue but R is NOT the correct explanation of A. (©) Ais true out Ris false. (6) Ais false but Ris true. [IAS-1998] 16, A S-phase Y/Atransformer has per phase turn ralio'K’ and line voltage ratio‘K,’. Ifthe voltage of A winding lags the voltage of Ywinding by a angle ¢, then K, K, and @ are related as. 30° (@) K,=Kando= K (0) Ky = J and p= 20 (0) K, = ¥8K and@ = 30° () K, = V8K ando=~30° [lAS-2000] © Copyright 17. = 08 3} soy Publlaations Workbook 17 Two transformers Xand Ywith identical ratings and dimensions have 0.8 mm and 1.2mm thick laminations respectively. If Ry, and X,, are the magnetizing branch parameters in the equivalent circuit, then (a) Ry, values in both are likely to be equal, but X,, of Xis likely to higher than Ri, of Y X,,values in both are likely to be equal, but R,, of Xis likely to higher than R,, of ¥ X,,values in both are ikely to be equal, but Rip Of Xis likely to be lower than R, of Y R,, values in Both ate likely to be equal, but Xm Of Xislikely to be lower than X,,of ¥ [1AS-2000] (0) (e) (a) Hysteresis lossiofia transformer designed at voltage"V>and frequency ‘fis P,. If the transformeris operated from a voltage 'xV’ and frequency ‘xf’ the hysteresis loss for a Steinmetz constant of 2 will be (a) xP, (©) «P, {c) P, (0) XP, [1As-2001] The below diagrams show a two-winding transformer (Fig.1) and an auto-transformer (Fig. 2) formed by reconnection of the terminals of the former. The terminal markings are the conventional ones with regard to the respective polarities. When operated as an auto-transformer with an input voltage of 500 V, the output load current would be spa, Won oad mh Figure Figure 2 (a) SOA (0) 408 (c) 304 (@) 104 [1As-2002] — wor madeeasypublications.org18 20. at. 22. 23. 24. —EE | wonmadeeasypublcations.org Electrical Engineering Figure shows an ideal three winding transformer windings are wound on the same core as shown, The tums ratio Ny "Np: Ngis 4:2: 1, Aresistor of 10 is connected across winding-2. A capacitor of reactance 2.5 Q is connected across winding-3. Winding-1 is connected across a 400 V, as supply. If the supply voltage phasor V, = 40020" V, the supply current phasor I, is given by TIT. 44252 (@) (10+ )10)A (bo) (10-10) A (2) (104/10) (@) (10-j10)A [GATE-2003] Three single-phase transformers, eacthyot 100KVA rating are connected in delta. Itone of the transformers is taken out of services, the capacity of the system will be (a) 2000 kVA (b) 173 kVA (©) 115.5 kVA (d) 366kVA [IAS-2003} Three units of 1: 5 trafsformets are connected in 4-Y to supply a 3-phase load from a 400 V, S-phase source, The ling voltage on the load side is (a) 1000 (©) 3464 (&) e0v (@) 803 [IAS-2003} The ful-load copper loss of atransformeristwice its core loss. At what percent ofthe full-load wil the efficiency be maximum? (a) 25% (b) 50% (©) 70.7% (@) 141% —[IAS-2003] Conventional power frequency equivalent circuit of a two-coiled transformer is obtained on the assumption of © Electrical Machines 2a Aenea Fao wpa MADE ERSY Publications Publications (a) Equal primary and secondary ampere tums (©) Negligible mutual reactance (©) Uniform vottage drap along the windings (d) Presence of leakage current between the windings [1AS-2003] For a lossless two winding single-phase transformer on NO-LOAD, the following four phasor diagrams A, B, Cand Dare considered Standard symbols are being used to represent the voltage, current and flux (a) A ©) c (o) 8 0 [IAS-2004] A single-phase two-winding transformer shown below in Fig.1. is connected an autotransformer shown in Fig, 2. If the connections of the 100 V winding are reversed as shown in Fig. 3, what is the value of the voltage V, required to be applied across terminals X5 and H, to abtain the same 400 V output? L—=_ © Copyright |MADE EASY 27. 28. 4 oo a % my OM TH 400 400v 4) bs He Hy Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 (a) 500 (b) 400 (©) 300V () 100 [1As-2005} Two transformers with identical voltage ratings ‘are working in parallel to supply a common loa. The percentage impedance of one transformer is higher compared to that of the other. The load sharing between the two transformer will {@) be proportionate to their percentage impedances. (b) be independent of their percentage impedances. (¢) be inversely proportionalto their respective impedances. (d) depend on the resistance to leakage reactance ratio of each transform [1AS-2008} The figure given below shows atwowinding core- type transformer. The instantaneous directions of the primary current J, the mutual flux 6, and the primary leakage flux 4 are as indicated in the figure; the corresponding directions, at the same instant, Ofthe secondary current /p, and the secondary leakage flux, would be 4 30. Workbook 19 ctod ctod dioc ce —_[IAS-2005] (@) Ip, ato b; and ey, (0) Ip, bto a; and b,, (6) fy ato b; and, (d) Jy, bio a, and o>, dit It is desired to measure parameters of 230 V/115 V, 2 kVA, single-phase transformer, The following wattmeters are available in a laboratory, W, + 250, 10A, Low Power Factor W, : 250V,5 A, Low Power Factor W, : 150V, 10A,High Power Factor W, © 150,54; High Power Factor The wattmetefS)used in open circuit test and short cirguit té8t of the transformer wil respectively be: (a) Wand wy (c) W, and Wy (©) Wand W, (6) W, and W, [GATE-2008] Three single-phase transformers are connected to forma 3-phase transformer bank. The transformers are connected the following manner: The transformer connection willbe represented by (@) Yao (©) Yat (©) Yee (6) Yar [GATE-2008] In transformers, which of the following stalements is valid? {@) In an open circuit test, copper losses are obtained while in short circuit test, core losses are obtained. (©) Inan open circuit test, current is drawn at high power factor. (6) Ina shor circuit test, current is drawn at zer0 power factor. (@) Inan open circuit test, current s drawn at low power factor. IGATE-2006] woramadeeasypubliations.ora)20 32, 33. 34, 35. 36. A BV a ngv os ae) € t a ( worwmadeeasypublications org Electrical Engineering ‘Two transformers are to be operated in parallel such that they share load in proportion to theit KVA ratings. The rating of the first transformer 's 500 KVA and its pu leakage impedance is 0.05 pu. Ifthe rating of second transformer is 250 KVA, its pu leakage impedance is (@) 0.20 (©) 0.10 (©) 0.05 (6) 0.025 GATE-2006] ‘A300 KVA transformer has 95% efficiency at full load 0.8 pf lagging and 96% efficiency at half load, unity pf, The iron loss (P) and copper loss (P.) in kW, under full load operation are (@) P.=4.12 P=851 (b) Pp=4.12 Pj=921 (0) P,=851 P=4.12 (@) P,=12.72P,=307 [GATE-2006] What is the maximum efficiency (in %) at unity pf load? (a) 95.1 (b) 96.2 (o) 96.4 (a) 98.1 [GATE-2008) single-phase 50 KVA, 250 VI500 V two winding transformer has an efficiency of 95% atl load, unity power factor. If itis reconfigured as a 500 V/750 V autotransformer, itseficiency at its new rated load at unity power factor wil be (a) 95,752% (b) 97.851% (©) 98.276% (d)999.241% {GATE-2007] The diagram givén below shows the connection of a four wire delta bank for obtaining a 3-phase 4-wire distribution system. The secondary voltages between the terminals are as indicated. 230V 230V What is the voltage between the terminals band din the system when the primary side is energized from an appropriate symmetrical S-phase system? = 08 © Electrical Machines 37, 39, MADE ERSY 280 0 BY (0) 115x V2V (ESE-2004] fansformer is nat used in a d.c. 280 @ BY fo) 115x VB V Reason (R): Losses in the d.c. circuit are not negligible. (@) Both A and R are true and Ris the corect explanation of A (0) Both A and Rrare true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (o) Ais trueibUPR is false (@) Ais false but Ris true [ESE-2004] Assertion (A) :For obtaining improved magnetic propetties, thé transformer magnetic core is assembled using cold-rolled silicon-stee! sheets, Reason (R) : The laminations for the core could be cut out of the cold-rolled silicon steel sheets, ccuting either inthe direction of raling or ransverse thereof, without affecting the magnetic properties in any way (a) Both A and R are true and Ris the correct explanation of A (0) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (6) Ais true but Ris false (d) Ais false but R is true [ESE-2005] The exact equivalent circuit of a two-winding transformer is given in the figure given below. For affecting simplification, the paralle magnetising branch, consisting of Roand X, is shifted to the left of the primary leakage impedance (r, + jt,). This simplification introduces the inaccuracy, in the neglect of Le NW Le © copytishe)MADE EASY Publications (a) Vokage-drop in the primary impedance due tothe secondary current Voltage-drop in the primaryimpedance due tothe exciting current Voltage-drop in the secondary impedance due tothe exciting current Reduction in values of Ro and X, of the exciting circuit (b) () (9) [ESE-2005} 40. A single-phase, 10 kVA, 200/200 V, 50 Hz transformer is connected to form an aulotransformer as shown in the figure given below. What are the values of V, and respectively? (a) 2200, 554 (c) 2000 V, 45 A (©) 2200, 45.4 (d) 1800 V, 45,4 [ESE-2005) Three single phase 11000/220V Wansformers are connected to form S-phase lranstormer bank. High voltage side is connected instar, and low voltage side is indelta. What are the voltage ratings and turn ratio’of 3-phase transformer? (a) 19052/220,V, 50 (o) 19052/220V, Sova (c) 11000/881 V, 50v3 {d) 110001220 v. 50 a. [ESE-2005] 42. Two single phases transformers A and 8 are connected in parallel, observing all requirements of a parallel operation, except that the induced voltage E, is slightly greater than E,, Zyy being the equivalent impedances of A and B, both referred to the secondary side. Zyq and © Copyright = 08 2a Aenea rao epoon 43, 44, Publlaations Workbook 21 Primary Network Under this operating condition bus-bars being energiad, a circulating current will flow: (2) Only in the Secondary windings of Aand 8 (0) In both theljprimary and the secondary windings of A and & (c\/IRboth the primary and the secondary windingSJof A and 8, as well as in the primary sicie network (@) Inthe primary and the secondary windings ‘of A and B, and boost the voltages on the secondary side of both A and B [ESE-2005] Ifthe voltage applied to a transformer primary is increased by keeping the V/f ratio fixed, then the magnetizing current and the cote loss wil, respectively, (a) decrease and remain the same. (©) increase and decrease (©) remain the same and remain the same. (d) remain the same and increase. [ESE-2006] The equivalent circuit of a transformer has the leakage reactances X,, X3!and the magnetising reactance X,,, Whatis the relationship between their magnitudes? (8) X, >> Xy' >> Xp (b) X, << X3' << Xp, (0) X) =X, >> Xp, (d) X, = <, Loadtest 2, Short circuit te 3,,0C test 4, Retardation test Which of the above tests are to be conducted for the determination of voltage regulation of a transformer? (a) 1 only (©) 2and3 (b) 2 only (@) 8and4 [ESE-2009] ‘A200/100V, 50 He transformer isto be excited at 40 Hz from the 100 V side. For the exciting current to remain same, the applied voltage should be (@) 150V (©) t00v (0) 125V (a) 80V [ESE-2014] In the core-type two winding transformer, the low voltage winding is placed adjacent to the steel core, in order to (@) facilitate dissipation of heat during the ‘operation ofthe transformer. (b) minimize the amount ofinsulation required. (©) reduce the chances of axial displacement with respect to the high voltage winding placed outside. 4, Time Select the correct answer using the code given (A) reduce the mutual radial stress between below: the two windings [ESE-2014] Qs — (Wwwimadeeasypubliatons.org mADE ERS’ © Copyright |MADE EASY 54, Two transformers of the same type, using the same grade of ron and conductor materials, are designed to work at the same flux and current densities; but the linear dimensions of one are two times those of the other in allrespects. The KVA ratio of the two transformers closely equals (@) 16 (©) 8 () 4 (d) 2 [GATE-1992 : 1 Mark] If an ideal transformer has an inductive load element at port 2 as shown in the figure below, the equivalent inductance at port 1 is 55. Port 2 (b) PL (a) (ce) (a) L ris [GATE-2016) A single-phase, 22 kVA, 2200V/ 220 V, 50 Hz, distribution transformers to be connected as an auto-transformer to'get ah output voltage of 2420 V. Its maximum «VA rating as an autotransformeris (a) 22 (e) 242 56. (by, 242 (a). 2420 [GATE-2016] 57. Three single-phase transformers are connected to form a delta-star three-phase transformer of OKV/11 KV The transformer supplies at 11 kV a load of 8 MW at 0.8 pf, lagging to a nearby plant. Neglect the transformer losses. The ratio of phase currents in delta side to star side is (@) 1:40V3 (©) 10V8:1 (c) 1:10 (@) ¥B:10 [GATE-2016] © Copyright = 08 2a Keune ao Spon Workbook 23 Numerical Data Type Ques 58. A single-phase, 50 kVA, 1000 V/100 V two winding transformer is connected as an auotarfoner ae shom nie tue fev 1000 The KVA rating ofthe autotransformer is [GATE-2014] A3~ptransformerhas its primary connected in delta and)secondary in star. Secondary to primaty tums ratio per phase is k. Ifthe ratio of secondary to primary line voltage is k,, then ky =k the value of xis___ ‘Assingle-phase 400 V, 50 Hz transformer has an iron loss of 5000 W at the rated condition. When ‘operated at 200 V, 25 Hz, the iron loss is 2000 W. When operated at 416 V, 52 Hz, the value of the hysteresis loss divided by the eddy current loss is [GATE-2016] A single-phase, 2 kVA, 100/200 V transformer is reconnected as an auto-transformer such that its KVA rating is maximum. The new rating, in KVA, is 61 [GATE-2016] Try Yourself Ti. A 3-4, 50 Hz transformer has an iron cross section of 400 om? (gross). If the flux density be limited to 1.2 Whim’, find the sum of number of turns per phase on high and low-voltage windings. The voltage ratio is 2200/1 10 V, the high voltage sidle being connected in star and low voltage in mesh assume stacking factor to be 0.9 [Ans. : 150] woramadeeasypubliations.ora)Electrical Engineering 24 2000 Ina 25KVA, 2202. transformer te iron and copper losses are 350 and 400 W respectively. Determine the load for maximum efficiency. [Ans. : 23.4] T2. T3. The ratio of the number of turns per phase in the primary, secondary and the tertary windings of a transformer is 10 : 2: 1, With lagging currents of 45 A at PF. 0.8 in the secondary, and 50 A at power factor 0.71 in the tertiary winding, the primary side power factor will be lag. [Ans. : 0.77] ‘A 1OKVA, 2500/250 V, single phase transformer gave the following test results Open circuit test : 250 V, 0.8 A, 50 W Short circuit test : 60 V, 3A, 45 KW Calculate the efficiency at 25% loading at a p. of 0.8 lag (2) 98.4% (6) 95.2% 14, (b) 97.3% (6) 92.5% www.madeeasypublications.org © Electrical Machines e wuoalans We) jana hava SOWA en Teo aN Fu 2a Aeuyeoa eno) Ave a BOAT red a MADE ERSY Publications TS. A 400/200 V, 50 Hz transformer operates at a flux density of 1.2 T when energized from its H.V. side. For this transformer, as the linear dimensions of core are doubled while the number of turns are halved on both of its H.V. and LV. sides. If this transformer is now connected to 800 V, 50H? on its H.. side, then its ux density would be (@) 06T () 1.27 () 24T (9) 487 [Ans. : (b)] ‘A 600 kVA, single-phase)transformer with 0.012 pu resistance and 0.06 pu reactance is connectedin parallel with a 300 KVA transformer with 0.074 purresistanee and 0.045 pu reactance toshatea load of 800 kVA at 0.8 pf lagging, Find how theyishare the load, when both the secondary voltages are 400 V. Te, PublicationsInduction Machines It draws electrical power from the mains Multiple Cholce Questions 2. It draws mechanical power through the shaft 3. Itdelivers’lectrical power to the mains. 4, It delivers mechanical power through the shatt 1, Match List-l with List-ll and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: pane A veing 1 on 1 COnithese statements B. Generating 2. -1 © Copyright MADE EASY wowmadeeasypublcations.orgElectrical Engineering 26 6. Therotorofa4-pole 3-phase cage induction motor is replaced by a S-phase, 4-pole wound rotor When fed with normal supply, the machine wil (2) notrun (©) run at very low speed (6) run at slightly lower than normal speed (@) run at sightly higher than normal speed [IAS-1994] 7. Consider the following statements: ‘Thesteady state speed of a3-phase cageinduction motor delivering a load torque depends upon 1. supply voltage 2, supply frequency 3. load torque-speed characteristic On these statements (@) 1,2and3are correct (b) Tand2are correct, (©) 2and3are correct (6) tandSare correct [las-1994) 8. Assertion (A): Under normal operating conditions, major portion of iron losses ofan induction motor occurs in the stator Reason (R): The frequency of the rotor cutrents under normal operating conditionsiis very small. (a) Both A and R are tueand Ris the correct explanation of A (0) Both A and R are tide but R is NOT the correct explanation of A, (©) Ais truébut Rs false. (6) Ais false BUt Ris true. [IAS-1994) 9. Aninduction generator (@) takes reactive power from the mains and supplies active power to mains. (©) takes active power trom the mains and gives reactive power to the mains () supplies both active and reactive powers to the mains. (a) consumes both active and reactive powers from the mains [las-1995} —EE | wonmadeeasypublcations.org oN eG RAN 3a Keujooa Fah © Electrical Machines 10. " 12. MADE ERSY Publications Publications Appolyphase siip-ring induction machine has the stator and rotor windings wound for (a) the same number of phase but different number of pairs of poles. (o) the same number of pairs of poles but different number of phases. (@) the same number of phases with number of pairs of poles either eaval or different (a) the same number of pairs of poles with number of phases either equal or different. [IAS-1995] While plugging a 3¢Bhase induction motor, ifone supply terminal gets disconnected, then the motor will {@) continue iofun inthe same direction. (©) stop. (c)/ staerotating in the opposite direction at the ‘same speed. Start rotating in the opposite direction at reduced speed. (a) [IAS-1995] The chart given below indicates four different conditions under which an induction motor may be called upon to operate, with a constant shatt load, Rotor Applied voltage | Frequency | patcience 1) Normal Normal | Normal 2 80% Normal | Normal 3 80% 80% | Normal 4.| Normal Normal | 80% ‘The operating conditions which leadto increasing values of running slips will be in the sequence fa) 1.4,3,2 (0) 14,23 (©) 4.1.3.2 @) 4.1.2.3 [IAS-1996] Consider the following statements about the operation of a three-phase induction motor running at full oad! If one of the supply line fuse blows off, the motor will 1. stal 2. continue to run with increased slip. 3. continue to run with normal supply current. 4, continue torun with excessive supply current L—=_ © Copyright |MADE EASY Publications Of these statements: (@) 1 aloneis correct (®) 3aloneis correct (6) 2and3are correct (d) 2and 4 are correct, [las-1996} 14, The phenomenon of crawing is usually not formed in siping motors because these motors have {a)_ no space harmonics (©) high resistance rotor windings (©) nozig-zag leakage (6) comparatively large airgap [1AS-1996) 15. Consider the following statements: As a 3-phase induction motor is loaded from no-load to rated load 1. There is an improvementin the power factor. 2, The torque increase almost in proportion to slip. 3. The airgap flux falls sharply. Of these statements: (@) 1,2and3are correct, (0) tand2are correct (6) 2and3are correct (d) 1 and are correct [lAs-1997] 16. _Ina3-phase induction motor, ifthe angularspeed ofthe stator fields w and, the actual angular speed of the rotor is «, and the statorlinduced emf is given by @, = Ny w Ky. 0 sin «ot (N, being the stator tums/phase), then the rotor emfwith N as the rotorftums phase wil be (Kj= stator winding factor and K,,, = rotor winding factor) (2) 6, = Np @ Ky sin ot (b) 6, = Now Kye @ Sinn, t (0) 6,=.Np(@= 0) KypOsin (w- 0, t (0) = M+ a)K,,osin(o+o)t [lAs-1997} 17. A3-phase induction motor requires a starter (a) because there is no back emf induced in the stator winding during starting because the motor does not posses inherent starting torque (c) because the induced secondary voltage ‘and hence the currents in the windings are abnormally high during starting to increase the starting torque. [1As-1997} ) (9) © Copyright = 08 2a Aeuyaoa Fao Spo 18. at Publlaations Workbook 27 For a rotor-led 3-phase induction motor, the absolute speed of the rotating magnetic field in space is {@) the synchronous speed. (0) the difference between the synchronous speed and the rotor speed (c) the rotor speed. (a) zero. [1AS-1997] ‘A.3-phase induction motor has a full-load slip of 8 per cent at normal voltage. Which one of the following will be the value ofthe slip of motor ifitclevelops the same torque theoretically while operating at 110 per cent ofits normal voltage? (a) 2.48% 1b) 0.248% (e) 0.483% (a) 4.23% [1AS-1998] ‘A6-pole, 3-phase, 60 Hz induction motor runs at 1000 tpm developing maximum torque. Rotor resistance per phase is 1.2 ohms. Neglecting stator impedance, then for developing maximum starting torque, the external resistance to be connected in series with each rotor phase willbe (@) 720hms (0) Gohms (6) 1440hms——(@) 1.20hms [IAS-1998] Assertion (A) : In a S-phase induction motor, the stator is to be wound for 4 poles but by mistake, the rotor is wound for 2 poles only. When the stator is fed from a 50 Hz, S-phase supply with rotor winding shorted, the motor does not start up. When, however, the wound rotor is replaced by a squirrel-cage rotor, the machine operates without any problem Reason (R) : Rotor of an induction motor should not have any poles. (a) Both A and R are true and Ris the correct explanation of A (0) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (0) Ais true but Ris false (@) Ais false but Ris true [1AS-1998] — wor madeeasypublications.orgElectrical Engineering 28 22, The rotor ofa three-phase induction machine is replacedby erotor witha corm sator ype winding having no external connection between the brushes. The stator is supplied from a balanced ‘three-phase source and the rotor is driven at twice the synchronous speedin the direction opposite to the stator mm. The frequency of the emt induced between consecutive brushes will be (isthe supply requency) (a) zero (b) f (c) 2f (d) 3f [IAS-1999] 28. Two separate induction motors having 6 poles and 4 poles are cascade. 3-phase 400V, 60 Hz is the supply to the motors The synchronous speeds (in 7pm) of cascaded set will be (@) 720, 1200, 1800 and 2400 {b) 600, 1000, 1500 and 3000 (©) 720, 1200, 1800 and 3600 {d) 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 [1AS-1999] 24, If a S-phase induction motor and a ‘phase. induction motor of the same kW rating and same winding voltage are compared, then (@) both will be of same size and effidlency (0) the 3-phase induction motor will be bigger in size and loss efficient (6) the 3-phase inductiohimotor will be smaller in size and more efficient the S-phase incluction motor will be biggerin size and more efficient ‘) [1AS-2000} The given figure shows the equivalent circuit of S-phase induction motor with deep-bar rotor. The sequence of the magnitudes of the parameters of resistance and reactances in the ascending order is 25. > ee oz —EEEE | wonmadeeasypublcations.org 2a Aeuymoa Fao one © Electrical Machines 29, MADE ERSY Publications Publestone (2) Ry By Xi Xp Posi (0) 160i By Res Xa Re (6) By By Mig Xp Rey Fm (8) Ry By Rg ip Se Bo {WAS-2001] In a S-phase induction motor, the rotor impedance angle at standstil is 8. The load angle 5 willbe (a) x+0 (0) x-0 (©) i240 (@) x/2 [AS-2001] ‘A S-phase induction motor develops a torque “T when ativen froma balanced 3-phase supply. The terminal voltage and frequency are halved 80 that the aif'gabp flux remains the same while the load tofque is kept constant. Then the slip {@) is reducedto halt (b)femains sam as the previous value (c) speediisrecuced to halt (¢) speedremains the same __(IAS-2001] The following performance characteristic are alifiblted to a 3-phase cage induction motor Wwithout skew: 1. lower magnetizing current compared to a slip ring motor 2. lower efficiency 3. high pct 4, possible cogging and crawling Which of these statements are correct? (@) 1,2and3 —(b) 2,3and4 (©) 1,3and4 —(¢) 1, 2and4 [1As-2002] The power input to an induction motor is 50 KW when it is running at 4% slip. If the stator resistance and core losses are neglected, the rotor copper loss is equal to (@) 38 kW (0) 20kW () 4KW (a) 2kW — [IAS-2002] In order to control the speed of a slip ring 3-phase induction motor through injected voltage in its rotor circuit, this voltage and the rotor voltage should essentially be (a) insame phase (0) in quadrature {e) inphase opposition (d) of same frequency [IAS-2002] L—=_ © Copyright |MADE EASY Publications 31. Under variable frequency operation of S-phase induction motor, ait-gap flux is kept constant by adjusting the motor voltage. For constant ai-gap flux, machine develops the same torque when the (2) slip is kept constant. (©) slip speed is kept constant (6) power flow across the alr-gap is kept constant. power input to the stator is kept constant. [IAS-2003} The speed of a 4-pole induction motor is controlled by varying the supply frequency while maintaining the ratio of supply voltage to supply frequency (Vif) constant. At rated frequency of 50 Hz and rated voltage of 400 V its speedis 1440 rpm, Find the speed at 30 Hz, if the load torque is constant (a) 882 rpm. (c) 8401pm. (9) 32. (b) 864 rpm (d) 828 rpm [GATE-2006] ‘A400 V, 80 Hz, 30 hp, three-phase induction motor is drawing 50 A current at 0.8 power factor lagging. The stator and rotor copper losses are 1.5 kW and 900 W respectively. The friction and windage losses are 1050 W and. the core losses are 1200 W. The airgap power 33. of the motor will be (a) 23.06 kW (b),.24.17 RW (©) 25.01 kW @ 2621KW [GATE-2008] ‘Common Data Questions for (34and 35): A S-phase, 440. Mp50 Ha, 4-pole, slip ring induction motor is fed ffom the rotor side through an aut transformer and the statoris connected to a vatiable resistance as shown inthe figure. e HH HO R, a 0) ——m 38 tC. ‘to Terlomer { 1 t may © copyright = 08 2a Keuyaoa Fao ween Publlaations Workbook 29 The motor is coupled to a 220 V, separately excited, dic. generator feeding power to fixed resistance of 10 &. Two-wattmeter method is used to measure the input power to induction motor. The variable resistance is adjusted such that the motor runs at 1410 rpm and the following readings were recorded W, = 1800 W, W, = 200 W. 34, The speed of rotation of stator magnetic field with respect to rotor structure will be {a) 90 rpm in the direction of rotation (b) 90 rpm in the opposite direction of rotation {c) 1500 rpm in the direction of rotation {d) 1500 rponifithe opposite direction of rotation [GATE-2008] Neglecting all asses of both the machines, the dé genérator power output and the current through resistance (R,.,) will respectively be (@) 96W.3.10A — (b) 1201W,3.46 A {c) 1504 W, 12.26 (d) 1880, 13.71A [GATE-2008] 35, 36, A3-phase, 4-pole, 400 V, 50 Hz, slar connected induction motor has following circuit parameters: f= 102 =05Qx, =x, 2129 Xm = 35.2 The starting torque when the motor is started direct-on-line is (use approximate equivalent circuit model) (a) 63.6Nm () 1908Nm (0) 74.3Nm (d) 222.9Nm [GATE-2006] 37. A.3-phase, 10 KW, 400 V, 4-pole, 50 Hz, star connected induction motor draws 20 A on ful load, Its no load and blocked rotor test data are given below: No Load test 400V 6A 1002W Blocked Rotortest: 90V 185A 762W Neglecting copper loss in No Load test and core loss in Blocked Rotor test, estimate motors ful load efficiency, (a) 76% fc) 82.4% (o) 81% (a) 85% [GATE-2006] — wor madeeasypublications.org30 38. Electrical Engineering A3-phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting torque of 150% and amaximum torque of 300% with respect to rated torque at rated voltage and rated frequency. Neglect the stator resistance and rotational lasses. The value of slip for maximum torque is (a) 13.48% (b) 16.24% (c) 18.92% (6) 26.79% [GATE-2007} ‘Common Data Questions for (39 and 41): 39. 40. a. 42. 43. —EE | wonmadeeasypublcations.org A three phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting current of seven times the full load current and full load slip of 5%. If an autotransformer is used for reduced voltage starting to provide 1.5 per unit starting torque, the autotransformer ratio (%) should be (a) 57.7% (bo) 72.56% (c) 78.25% (a) 81.33% [GATE-2007] ifastar-detta starter is used to start this induction ‘motor, the per unit starting torque will be (@) 0.607 (b) 0.816 (©) 1.225 (d) 1616 [GATE-2007] It @ starting torque of 0.5 per unit is required then the per unit starting current should be (a) 465, () 3.75 (©) 3.16 (d))2.13 [GATE-2007] Which one of the following statements is corect? ‘A smaller air-gap in’a polyphase induction motor helps to (a) reduce the chancespf crawiing (0) increase the starting torque. (c) reduce the chance of cogging. (d) reduce the magnetising cutrent [ESE-2004] Which one of the following statements is correct? Inaninduction motor, ifthe airgap is increased, (@) ts speed will reduce. (0) its efficiency will improve. (¢) its power factor will reduce. (0) its breakdown torque will reduce [ESE-2004} = 2a Aenea ao Spon. © Electrical Machines 44, 47, MADE ERSY Publications Publications Which one of the following statements is correct? In a S-phase induction motor, the torque developed is maximum when the rotor circuit resistance per phase is equal to {a) rotor leakage reactance per phase at standstill, (©) slip times the rotor leakage reactances per phase at standstill ator resistance perphase, ator leakage reactance per phase. [ESE-2004] to) (a) The supply véllage to an induction motor is reduced (by 10%)8y what percentage approximately, will he maximum torque decrease? (a) 5% (c) 20% (0) 10% (a) 40% [ESE-2004] Wat is the shunt resistance component in equivalent circuit obtained by no load test of an induction motor representative of? {@) Windage and frictional losses only (©) Core losses only (©) Core, windage and frictional losses (6) Copper, losses [ESE-2005] ‘Awound rotor induction motor runs with a slip of 0.03 when developing full load torque. Its rotor resistance is 0.25 ohm per phase. If an external resistance of 0.50 ohm per phase is connected across the slip rings, what is the slip for full load torque? fa) 0.08 {o) 0.06 {c) 0.09 (6) 01 [ESE-2005] A starting torque of 80 Nm is developed in an induction motor by an auto-transformer starter with a tapping of 30%. If the tapping of aulo-ransformer starter is 60%, then whatis the starting torque? (@) 40Nm (&) 100Nm (©) 240Nm (¢) 320Nm [ESE-2005] =a © Copyright |MADE EASY Publiestions 49. Assertion (A): Under Vit control of induction motor, the maximum value of the developed torque remains constant over a wide range of speed in the sub-synchronous region Reason (R): The magnetic flux is maintained almost constant at the rated value by keeping the ratio Vif constant over the considered speed range. (@) Both A and R are true and R is the correct, ‘explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (©) Ais true but Ris false (d) Ais false but Ris true [ESE-2006] 50. The voltage actually used for setting up the useful flux in the air-gap of a 3-phase induction motor is (@) = Applied voltage (0) > Applied voltage (c) < Applied voltage (d)_ = Rotor induced emt [ESE-2006] 51. Which of the points on the torque-speed curve. of the induction motor represents operation ata slip greater than 1? Torque Speed @ Ww (b) x joy @ Z [ESE-2006] 52. The required load torque line intersects the resultant torque-speed characteristic of a S-phase squirrel cage induction motor at points P, Qand Ras shown in the figure below. Which slare the stable opening point(s)? © Copyright = 08 2a Aeuyaoa Fao Seen 55, 56, Publlaations Workbook 31 Torque Resutant ‘machine torque Speed fa) PandQ (b), @and R () PandR (d) Only R [ESE-2006) When the applied fated voltage per phase is reduced to one-half, the starting torque of a S-phase squiifel Cage induction motor becomes (a) 1/2 of the initial value (0) 1/4 of the initial value (c)TWice of the intial (a) 4:imes ofthe initial value [ESE-2006] If the full-load speed of a 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor is 950 rpm, what is its half- load Speed nearly equal to? {@) 1000rpm (0) 450 rpm {c) 19001pm (a) 975 1pm [ESE-2007] Breakdown torque in a 3-phase induction motor of negligible stator impedance is {a) directly proportional to rotor resistance: (0) inversely proportional to rotor resistance. (e) directly proportional to rotor leakage reactance (a) inversely proportional to rotor leakage reactance. [ESE-2008] The stator of a S-phase, 6-pole ac. machine has 45 slots. The stator winding has 45 coils with a coil span of 6 slots. What type of winding will be selected for this machine? {a) Double-layer, fractional slot, short-pitched winding, Single-layer, fractional slot, short-pitched winding, Single-layer, integral slot, full pitch winding, Double-layer, fractional slot, full-pitch winding, {o) (e) (a) [ESE-2008] — wor madeeasypublications.orgElectrical Engineering 32 87. Athree-phase 400, 6 pole, 50 Hz, squirrel cage induction motor is running at a slip of 5%. The speed of stator magnetic field with respect to rotor magnetic field and speed of rotor with respect to stator magnetic field are (a) 210, -50 rpm (0) zero, 950 rpm (6) 1000 rpm, -50rpm (8) 1000 1pm, 950 rpm (GATE-2011] 58. A separately excited de machine is coupled to a 50Hz, three-phase, 4-pole induction machine as shown in the figure. The de machine is energized first and the machines rotate at 1600 rpm. Subsequently the nduction machine is also connected to a 50 Hz, three-phase source, the phase sequence being consistent with the direction of rotation. In steady state, Induction machine Dc machine paler mac + G) 6-0 4a cy (a) (0) both machines act as genefators the de machine acts as a generator, and the induction machine acts as a motor the de machine acts as @)motor, and the induction machine aetsas @ generator both macttines acl as motors [GATE-2010] © (9) 59. A4-pole induction motor, supplied by a slightly unbalanced three-phase 50 Hz source, is rotating at 1440 rpm. The electrical frequency inHz of the induced negative sequence current © Electrical Machines av 3a Keajood sah Publications 60. _Athree-phase slp-ring induction motor, provided! with a commutator winding, is shown in the figure. The motor rotates in clockwise direction when the rotor windings are closed Sephase ac, fHz \ sss Prime Slip Ring induction Mover ‘Motor q wv . OSs 4 If the rotor winding is open-circuited and the systom is madeto run atrotational speed f, with the help of prime-mover in anti-clockwise direction, then the frequency of voltage across slip ings is f, aidfrequency of voltage across commutaigh brushes is f, The values of f, and f, respectively are (a) f+fandf —(b) f-f,andf (0) Pe fand f+ 1, (A) f+ fand f-f, [GATE-2014] ‘3-9 induction machine has air gap of 2.2 mm, If its air gap is increased to 2.5. What will be the effect on X,,, X,,X, and r,, 1)? (i) allwill increase (ii) X,, wil decrease (iii) X,,X,, will increase (i) Fy rpwillremain same Correct options are (@) (and (i) (6) Gi, ii) and (i) 61 (e) (ii) and (iv) {d) only (iv) 62, Ina constant Vifinduction motor drive, the slip at the maximum torque (a) is directly proportional t speed remains constant with respect to the }e synchronaus (©) inthe rotor is synchronous speed. (@) 100 () 98 (6) has aninverse relation with the synchronous (©) 52 (48 : speed. [GATE-2013} |? (@)_has no relation withthe synchronous speed. g [GATE-2016] _woumadeeasypubliatonsorg MADE EASH © copyrisht)