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    CC5 - Chapter 2 Notes

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    Francis
    The conceptual model specifies important business data needs and prevents mistakes. It describes information needs, facilitates discussion, and makes a sound basis for the physical implementation. The physical model describes how a system should be implemented using a database management system. It is the actual database implementation. The entity relationship diagram is a tool that represents data requirements through entities, attributes, and relationships, providing constraints and context regardless of the database type.

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    CC5 - Chapter 2 Notes

    Uploaded by

    Francis
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    The conceptual model specifies important business data needs and prevents mistakes. It describes information needs, facilitates discussion, and makes a sound basis for the physical implementation. The physical model describes how a system should be implemented using a database management system. It is the actual database implementation. The entity relationship diagram is a tool that represents data requirements through entities, attributes, and relationships, providing constraints and context regardless of the database type.

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    CC5- Chapter 2 Notes

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    The conceptual model specifies important business data needs and prevents mistakes. It describes information needs, facilitates discussion, and makes a sound basis for the physical implementation. The physical model describes how a system should be implemented using a database management system. It is the actual database implementation. The entity relationship diagram is a tool that represents data requirements through entities, attributes, and relationships, providing constraints and context regardless of the database type.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    50 views3 pages

    CC5 - Chapter 2 Notes

    Uploaded by

    Francis
    The conceptual model specifies important business data needs and prevents mistakes. It describes information needs, facilitates discussion, and makes a sound basis for the physical implementation. The physical model describes how a system should be implemented using a database management system. It is the actual database implementation. The entity relationship diagram is a tool that represents data requirements through entities, attributes, and relationships, providing constraints and context regardless of the database type.

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    of 3

    2.

    1 Conceptual and Physical Models

    Conceptual model
    - a model that specifies the needs of a business
    - is called an “Entity Relationship Model” (ERD)
    - collects and focuses only important data
    - Describes the information needs of the business
    - facilitates discussion
    - prevents mistakes and misunderstandings
    - helps in the formation of documenting the system
    - makes a sound basis for physical model implementation
    - documents the process of the business
    - abides and considers the rules and regulations of the industry

    Entity Relationship Diagram


    Entity
    EMPLOY
    EE Assigned to
    DEPARTM
    ------------------
    Responsible
    ENT

    --- for

    Relationship

    Physical Model
    - model that describes how a system should be implemented using a DBMS system
    - the actual implementation of the database
    2.2 Entities, Instance, Attributes, and Identifiers

    Entities
    - a noun
    - a single person, object, or place
    - where data is stored

    Attributes
    - gives more specific information about an entity
    - properties
    - helps differentiate two entities
    - each attribute has only a single value. It can be a number, string, data, image, etc (data
    types).
    - values can be volatile (constantly changing) or nonvolatile
    Mandatory Attributes - attributes that must contain a value
    Optional Attributes - attributes may contain a value or be left null

    ORDE
    R
    Product
    name Attribu
    Price
    Data of tes
    Purchase

    Unique Identifiers
    - a mark that is unique and is used to distinguish one entity from another
    - either a single or a combination of multiple attributes

    E.g.
    Nike - for sports equipment
    D&D - for musical instruments
    Uratex - for bed foams

    Instances
    - single occurrence of an entity
    - are specific examples of an entity
    - an entity could only have 1 or more instance

    Entities Instances

    PERSON Mahatma Gandhi, Michael Jordan

    PRODUCT Huawei Nova IT, ASUS G15

    JOB Engineer, Lawyer


    2.3 Entity Relationship Modeling and ERDs

    Entity relationship diagram (ERD)


    - tool that can be used to represent data requirements of a business regardless of the type
    of database that is used
    - a list of all entities and attributes and the relationships between entities
    - provides background information regarding entity, data types, and constraints

    Note: The model does not require a diagram, but a diagram is a helpful tool

    Implementation-Free Model
    - not dependent on the physical model
    - does not change regardless of the type of database system
    - can be used to implement different types of database system

    Four goals of ER modeling


    ● Capture all required information
    ● Ensure that information appears only once
    ● Model no information that is deliverable from other information already modeled -
    avoid data redundancy
    ● Location information in a predictable, logical space - organized, accessed, update
    easily

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