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    Antenna Arrays: Dr. Vijayendra Desai

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    desai vijayendra
    The document discusses different types of antenna arrays, including: 1) Linear arrays of isotropic point sources that can be configured for broadside radiation, endfire radiation, or scanning capability by adjusting the relative phases and amplitudes of the array elements. 2) Planar arrays, which allow for two-dimensional beam steering. 3) Increasing the directivity of an endfire array by optimizing the element spacing and phase progression according to Hansen and Woodyard criteria.

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    Antenna Arrays: Dr. Vijayendra Desai

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    desai vijayendra
    34 views17 pages
    The document discusses different types of antenna arrays, including: 1) Linear arrays of isotropic point sources that can be configured for broadside radiation, endfire radiation, or scanning capability by adjusting the relative phases and amplitudes of the array elements. 2) Planar arrays, which allow for two-dimensional beam steering. 3) Increasing the directivity of an endfire array by optimizing the element spacing and phase progression according to Hansen and Woodyard criteria.

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    Week-4-Antenna-Arrays-I

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    The document discusses different types of antenna arrays, including: 1) Linear arrays of isotropic point sources that can be configured for broadside radiation, endfire radiation, or scanning capability by adjusting the relative phases and amplitudes of the array elements. 2) Planar arrays, which allow for two-dimensional beam steering. 3) Increasing the directivity of an endfire array by optimizing the element spacing and phase progression according to Hansen and Woodyard criteria.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views17 pages

    Antenna Arrays: Dr. Vijayendra Desai

    Uploaded by

    desai vijayendra
    The document discusses different types of antenna arrays, including: 1) Linear arrays of isotropic point sources that can be configured for broadside radiation, endfire radiation, or scanning capability by adjusting the relative phases and amplitudes of the array elements. 2) Planar arrays, which allow for two-dimensional beam steering. 3) Increasing the directivity of an endfire array by optimizing the element spacing and phase progression according to Hansen and Woodyard criteria.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    Antenna Arrays

    Dr. Vijayendra Desai


    Asst Prof. ECC Department, Ckpcet surat
    Linear and Planar Arrays
    Arrays of Two Isotropic Sources
    Principles of Pattern Multiplication
    Linear Array of N Elements with Uniform Amplitude
     Broadside
     Ordinary Endfire
     Increased Directivity Endfire Array (IDEA)
     Scanning Array
    Linear Arrays with Non-Uniform Amplitude
    Planar Arrays
    Array of Two Isotropic Point Sources
    2
    E  Eoe j  r1  Eoe j  r2  k  P

    d 
    r1  r  cos   r2
    2
     r >> d ,   90   d
    cos  r

    r2  r  cos  
    d 2 r1

    2 

      j  d cos  j  cos  
    d 1 2
    E  Eo e  j  r
    d /2
    e 2 e 2 

     

    d

      j j
     
     j r
     Eo e e 2  e 2 
    2 d

     
        d cos   cos 

    2 d
      d  = dsin  sin 
    E  2 Eo cos    2 Eo cos  cos   
     2   
    Two Isotropic Point Sources of Same Amplitude and Phase

    ф 0° 90° 60°
    E 0 1

    HPBWs = 60° in one plane and 360° in another plane


    ORIGIN AT ELEMENT 1
    Two Isotropic Point Sources of Same Amplitude and Opposite Phase

    HPBW = 120°
    ф 0° 90° 60°
    E 0 1
    HPBWs = 120° in both orthogonal planes
    Two Isotropic Point Sources of Same Amplitude with
    900 Phase Difference at λ/2

    ф 0° 60° 90° 120° 180°


    E 0 1
    Two Isotropic Point Sources of Same Amplitude with
    900 Phase Difference at λ/4

    Spacing between the sources is reduced to λ/4

    ф 0° 90° 120° 150° 180°


    E 0 0.924 0.994 1

    HPBW = 180°
    Two Isotropic Point Sources Of Same Amplitude with
    Any Phase Difference
    Two Same Dipoles and Pattern Multiplication

    Dipole Pattern:

    For δ = 0, Array Factor (AF)


    will give max. radiation in
    Broadside Direction

    Dipole AF Final Pattern


    PATTERN MULTIPLICATION
    Dipole E-Field for Vertical Orientation:

    Combined E-Field

    Array of two dipole


    antennas

    Dipole Pattern AF Product of Patterns


    N Isotropic Point Sources of Equal Amplitude and Spacing

    where

    Enorm
    Radiation Pattern of N Isotropic Elements Array

    Array Factor

    First SLL
    = 20log0.22
    = -13.15dB

    Radiation Pattern for array of n isotropic radiators of equal


    amplitude and spacing.
    Broadside Array (Sources In Phase)

    ф Ψ E
    0° π 0
    90° π/2 0
    120° 0 1
    Field pattern of 4 isotropic point sources with the
    same amplitude and phase and spacing of /2.
    Ordinary Endfire Array

    BWFN=120°

    Field pattern of ordinary end-fire array of 4


    isotropic point sources of same amplitude.
    Spacing is /2 and the phase angle  = -.
    Increased Directivity Endfire Array (IDEA)

    Hansen and Woodyard criteria

    Parameter Ordinary end Endfire array with


    fire array increased Directivity
    HPBW 69° 38°
    FNBW 106° 74° Field patterns of end-fire arrays of 10 isotropic point
    sources of equal amplitude spaced /4 apart.
    Directivity 11 19
    (a) Phase for increased directivity ( = -0.6),
    (b) Phase of an ordinary end-fire array ( = -0.5).
    Array with Maximum Field in any Arbitrary Direction
    For Beam Maxima at ϕ = 60°

    Field pattern of array of 4 isotropic point sources of equal amplitude with


    phase adjusted to give the maximum at ф = 60° for spacing d = λ/2

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