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Antenna Arrays: Dr. Vijayendra Desai

The document discusses different types of antenna arrays, including: 1) Linear arrays of isotropic point sources that can be configured for broadside radiation, endfire radiation, or scanning capability by adjusting the relative phases and amplitudes of the array elements. 2) Planar arrays, which allow for two-dimensional beam steering. 3) Increasing the directivity of an endfire array by optimizing the element spacing and phase progression according to Hansen and Woodyard criteria.

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desai vijayendra
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96 views17 pages

Antenna Arrays: Dr. Vijayendra Desai

The document discusses different types of antenna arrays, including: 1) Linear arrays of isotropic point sources that can be configured for broadside radiation, endfire radiation, or scanning capability by adjusting the relative phases and amplitudes of the array elements. 2) Planar arrays, which allow for two-dimensional beam steering. 3) Increasing the directivity of an endfire array by optimizing the element spacing and phase progression according to Hansen and Woodyard criteria.

Uploaded by

desai vijayendra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Antenna Arrays

Dr. Vijayendra Desai


Asst Prof. ECC Department, Ckpcet surat
Linear and Planar Arrays
Arrays of Two Isotropic Sources
Principles of Pattern Multiplication
Linear Array of N Elements with Uniform Amplitude
 Broadside
 Ordinary Endfire
 Increased Directivity Endfire Array (IDEA)
 Scanning Array
Linear Arrays with Non-Uniform Amplitude
Planar Arrays
Array of Two Isotropic Point Sources
2
E  Eoe j  r1  Eoe j  r2  k  P

d 
r1  r  cos   r2
2
 r >> d ,   90   d
cos  r

r2  r  cos  
d 2 r1

2 

  j  d cos  j  cos  
d 1 2
E  Eo e  j  r
d /2
e 2 e 2 

 

d

  j j
 
 j r
 Eo e e 2  e 2 
2 d

 
    d cos   cos 

2 d
  d  = dsin  sin 
E  2 Eo cos    2 Eo cos  cos   
 2   
Two Isotropic Point Sources of Same Amplitude and Phase

ф 0° 90° 60°
E 0 1

HPBWs = 60° in one plane and 360° in another plane


ORIGIN AT ELEMENT 1
Two Isotropic Point Sources of Same Amplitude and Opposite Phase

HPBW = 120°
ф 0° 90° 60°
E 0 1
HPBWs = 120° in both orthogonal planes
Two Isotropic Point Sources of Same Amplitude with
900 Phase Difference at λ/2

ф 0° 60° 90° 120° 180°


E 0 1
Two Isotropic Point Sources of Same Amplitude with
900 Phase Difference at λ/4

Spacing between the sources is reduced to λ/4

ф 0° 90° 120° 150° 180°


E 0 0.924 0.994 1

HPBW = 180°
Two Isotropic Point Sources Of Same Amplitude with
Any Phase Difference
Two Same Dipoles and Pattern Multiplication

Dipole Pattern:

For δ = 0, Array Factor (AF)


will give max. radiation in
Broadside Direction

Dipole AF Final Pattern


PATTERN MULTIPLICATION
Dipole E-Field for Vertical Orientation:

Combined E-Field

Array of two dipole


antennas

Dipole Pattern AF Product of Patterns


N Isotropic Point Sources of Equal Amplitude and Spacing

where

Enorm
Radiation Pattern of N Isotropic Elements Array

Array Factor

First SLL
= 20log0.22
= -13.15dB

Radiation Pattern for array of n isotropic radiators of equal


amplitude and spacing.
Broadside Array (Sources In Phase)

ф Ψ E
0° π 0
90° π/2 0
120° 0 1
Field pattern of 4 isotropic point sources with the
same amplitude and phase and spacing of /2.
Ordinary Endfire Array

BWFN=120°

Field pattern of ordinary end-fire array of 4


isotropic point sources of same amplitude.
Spacing is /2 and the phase angle  = -.
Increased Directivity Endfire Array (IDEA)

Hansen and Woodyard criteria

Parameter Ordinary end Endfire array with


fire array increased Directivity
HPBW 69° 38°
FNBW 106° 74° Field patterns of end-fire arrays of 10 isotropic point
sources of equal amplitude spaced /4 apart.
Directivity 11 19
(a) Phase for increased directivity ( = -0.6),
(b) Phase of an ordinary end-fire array ( = -0.5).
Array with Maximum Field in any Arbitrary Direction
For Beam Maxima at ϕ = 60°

Field pattern of array of 4 isotropic point sources of equal amplitude with


phase adjusted to give the maximum at ф = 60° for spacing d = λ/2

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