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Unit 7 Written Assignment

This document discusses TCP packet lifetimes and acknowledgments, Nagle's algorithm on congested networks, cases where TCP sends data-less packets, and reasons for connections lingering in FIN_WAIT_1 and FIN_WAIT_2 states. 1) The maximum packet lifetime must be large enough for the packet and its acknowledgment to disappear to prevent duplicate packets after a connection closes. 2) Using Nagle's algorithm on congested networks can increase latency, negatively impacting experiences for latency-intolerant applications like online games. 3) TCP can send data-less packets as ACKs, SYN packets, or optional keepalives.

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Bebey Gilbert Moni
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90 views4 pages

Unit 7 Written Assignment

This document discusses TCP packet lifetimes and acknowledgments, Nagle's algorithm on congested networks, cases where TCP sends data-less packets, and reasons for connections lingering in FIN_WAIT_1 and FIN_WAIT_2 states. 1) The maximum packet lifetime must be large enough for the packet and its acknowledgment to disappear to prevent duplicate packets after a connection closes. 2) Using Nagle's algorithm on congested networks can increase latency, negatively impacting experiences for latency-intolerant applications like online games. 3) TCP can send data-less packets as ACKs, SYN packets, or optional keepalives.

Uploaded by

Bebey Gilbert Moni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RUNNING HEADER: WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT UNIT 7

Written Assignment Unit 7

Course: CS 2204

University of the People


WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT UNIT 7

1. Why does the maximum packet lifetime have to be large enough to ensure that

not only the packet but also its acknowledgments have disappeared?

The purpose for designing the maximum lifetime of a packet to be large enough to ensure that

not only the packet, but also its acknowledgement have disappeared is to prevent old-

duplicate packet problems (Dordal, 2019). Once a connection is closed, a large enough time

interval must pas before subsequent connection in order to avoid the eventuality of duplicate

re-transmission.

2. Give one potential disadvantage when Nagle's algorithm is used on a badly

congested network.

Nagle’s algorithm was designed for optimization. The downside to this is the high latency.

When small TCP segment using Nagle’s, algorithm accumulate into larger ones, the latency

on the network also increases. Nagle’s algorithm will ruin user experience in latency

intolerant networks such online games. In other connections such a stock trading, it may

cause the user a lot of money.

3. Give two examples of cases where TCP sends data-less packets on an established

connection (which is not being torn down).

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WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT UNIT 7

A data-less TCP packet is one that has no payload and a size of exactly 40 bytes in size. A

data-less packet can be sent in three cases. The packet can be sent as an ACK or as a SYN.

Also, it can be sent as optional “keepalive” via TCP.

4. Exercise 5.0 from section 12.24 of the textbook:

1. Suppose you see multiple TCP connections on your workstation in state

FIN_WAIT_1. What is likely going on? Whose fault is it?

Workstation are mostly clients. If my workstation is in FIN_WAIT_1 status, it is

probably awaiting an ACK from the server for connection termination. There are several

reasons why the server might take a long time to send the ACK. It may be that the server ran

out of resources of that it simply crashed. This leads to a situation where the connection with

my workstation is half-close, but not completely disconnected.

2. What might be going on if you see connections languishing in state

FIN_WAIT_2?

Seeing a connection languishing in FIN_WAIT_2 state may be since my workstation

received ACK from the remote server whose socket was chosen, or which did not

send a connection termination request. (Dordal, 2019)

Reference

Dordal, P. (2019). An introduction to computer networks.

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WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT UNIT 7

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