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Linear Equations Notes

This document discusses methods for solving pairs of linear equations in two variables. It defines a linear equation as one that can be written in the form ax + by + c = 0. A pair of linear equations represents two lines that may intersect at a single point, be parallel with no solution, or coincide with infinitely many solutions. The document describes graphical and algebraic substitution, elimination, and cross-multiplication methods for determining the solution(s) to a pair of linear equations.

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174 views3 pages

Linear Equations Notes

This document discusses methods for solving pairs of linear equations in two variables. It defines a linear equation as one that can be written in the form ax + by + c = 0. A pair of linear equations represents two lines that may intersect at a single point, be parallel with no solution, or coincide with infinitely many solutions. The document describes graphical and algebraic substitution, elimination, and cross-multiplication methods for determining the solution(s) to a pair of linear equations.

Uploaded by

Keshav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Linear Equation
 An equation which can be put in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real numbers
and both a and b are nonzero is called a linear equation in two variables.
Solution of an Equation
 Each solution (x, y) of a linear equation in two variables.
ax + by + c = 0, corresponds to a point on the line representing the equation, and vice-versa.
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 The general form for a pair of linear equations in two variables x and y is a1 x  b1 y  c1  0
And a2 x  b2 y  c2  0
 Geometrically they look like the following:

Graphical Method of Solutions


 x – 2y = 0
3x + 4y = 20
The solution is (4, 2), the point of intersection.
 To summarize the behavior of lines representing a pair of linear equations in two variables:
 The lines may intersect in a single point. In this case, the pair of equations has a unique solution
(consistent pair of equations).
 The lines may be parallel. In this case, the equations have no solution (inconsistent pair of
equations).
 The lines may be coincident. In this case, the equations have infinitely many solutions
[dependent (consistent) pair of equations]

Substitution Method
The following are the steps:
 Find the value of one variable, say y in terms of the other variable, i.e., x from either equation,
whichever is convenient.
 Substitute this value of y in the other equation, and reduce it to an equation in one variable,
i.e., in terms of x, which can be solved. Sometimes, you can get statements with no variable.
If this statement is true, you can conclude that the pair of linear equations has infinitely many
solutions. If the statement is false, then the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.
 Substitute the value of x (or y) obtained in Step 2 in the equation used in Step 1 to obtain the
value of the other variable.

Elimination Method
 Steps in the elimination method:
 First multiply both the equations by some suitable non-zero constants to make the coefficients
of one variable (either x or y) numerically equal.
 Then add or subtract one equation from the other so that one variable gets eliminated. If you
get an equation in one variable, go to Step 3.
If in Step 2, we obtain a true statement involving no variable, then the original pair of equations
has infinitely many solutions.
If in Step 2, we obtain a false statement involving no variable, then the original pair of
equations has no solution, i.e., it is inconsistent.
 Solve the equation in one variable (x or y) so obtained to get its value.
 Substitute this value of x (or y) in either of the original equations to get the value of the other
variable.

Cross Multiplication Method


Steps:
Write the given equations in the form
a1 x  b1 y  c1  0
And a2 x  b2 y  c2  0
Taking the help of the diagram

Write Equations as

Find x and y, provided a1b2  a2b1  0

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