MG English Book

MEGA
GOAL TEACHER’S GUIDE

5
MANUEL DOS SANTOS

JILL KOREY O’SULLIVAN
ELI GHAZEL - DANAE KOZANOGLOU
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MegaGoal 5 Teacher’s Guide
Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights
reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or
retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or
other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
ISBN: 978-1-5268-1933-8
Publisher: Jorge Rodríguez Hernández

Editorial director: Anita Raducanu
Development editors: Kasia McNabb, Ana Laura Martínez Vázquez, Janet Battiste
Teacher’s Guide Writing: Ellen Kisslinger
Art direction: Heloisa Yara Tiburtius
Interior design and production: Page2, LLC
Cover design: Page2, LLC
Photo coordinator: Kevin Sharpe
Photo Credits: The Photo Credits section for this book on page 107 is considered an extension of the copyright page.
Exclusive rights by McGraw-Hill Education for manufacture and export. This book cannot be re-exported from the country to
which it is sold by McGraw-Hill Education. This Regional Edition is not available outside Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
www.mheducation.com
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Contents
Scope and Sequence iv
Introduction vi
Unit Intro 2
Unit 1 Two is Better Than One 6
Unit 2 Rags to Riches 20
Unit 3 What Will They Think of Next? 34
EXPANSION Units 1–3 48
Unit 4 The World of TV 54
Unit 5 Do You Really Need It? 68
Unit 6 The Gender Divide 82
EXPANSION Units 4–6 96
Vocabulary 102
Irregular Verbs 106
Audio Track List 108
Key to Phonetic Symbols

109
Photocopiable Activities Answer Key

110
Workbook Answer Key

116
Photocopiable Activities
128
iii
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Scope and Sequence
Unit Title Functions Grammar
Intro Express opinion and viewpoint,

argument; agree and disagree
can’t be – must be/ must be + -ing – can’t
have – must have
Pages 2–5 Make deductions about the past and
the present
1 Two Is Better Than Discuss how people/animals can help

each other
Other, others, and another
Emphatic do
One Negotiate Simple present tense vs. present progressive
Words connected with museums and Gradable and non-gradable adjectives
Pages 6–19 galleries
Express enthusiasm
2 Rags to Riches Talk about fame and fortune

Discuss options
Used to versus be used to
Would for repeated action in the past
Pages 20–33 Asking and telling about personal versus used to
experiences Was/Were going to (future in the past)
Present perfect simple tense
Past simple vs. present perfect
3 What Will They Think Discuss technology invented over

the last one hundred years
Future perfect
Future perfect progressive
of Next? Make predictions about life in the
year 2100
The future with dependent time clauses
Simple present: be and information
Pages 34–47 Persuade questions
Words connected with Space and the Simple past: be and be born
Planetary system:1 Regular and irregular verbs in the past
EXPANSION Units 1–3 Language Review

Reading: Is Anybody Out There?
Pages 48–53 Language Plus: Idioms with world
4 The World of TV Talk about TV films and documentaries

Identify genres of TV films
Both . . . and, not only . . . but also, either . . .
or, neither . . . nor
Pages 54–67 Agree and disagree with opinions Independent clauses with and, but, or,
Words connected with space and the so, and yet
planetary system:2 Comparatives and superlatives
I’d rather / I’d prefer
5 Do You Really Need Evaluate and discuss the influence of

advertising
Adverb clauses
Because, because of, since, and now that
It? Create an advertisement for a product
Advise someone against something
(In order) to and so (that)
Conditional sentences with when, if, even if,
Pages 68–81 Express preference: I’d rather/ I’d prefer in case, only if, and unless
Words connected with shopping habits Where, wherever, and everywhere
6 The Gender Divide Talk about gender differences and

similarities
Verbs + infinitives or gerunds with
different meanings
Pages 82–95 Discuss stereotypes Passive forms of infinitives and gerunds
Ask for and give directions Auxiliary verbs after but and and
Words connected with hobbies and Present perfect progressive vs present
interests perfect simple with time markers
Adjectives + preposition + gerund
EXPANSION Units 4–6 Language Review

Reading: The Impact of a Changing World on Human Language and
Pages 96–101 Communication
Language Plus: Idioms
iv
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Listening Pronunciation Reading Writing
Listen and identify features of Recycling and using familiar

spoken discourse versus written stress, intonation patterns,
discourse expressing disbelief, surprise,
query
Listen for sequence of The English /r/ Animal Partners Write an essay about two friends
events in a summary about Dr. Write and prepare a PowerPoint
Abdullah Al-Rabeeah presentation about symbiotic
relationships in teams (Project)
Listen for sequence in a lecture Past tense endings: /t/, /d/, and Sheikh Sulaiman bin Write a descriptive biographical essay
about the history /ɪd/ Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhi: about a person’s life
of money A Success Story Research and make a poster presentation
about a person you admire (Project)
Listen for specific Consonant clusters An Out-Of-This-World Write a discursive essay about a future
information in a talk about the Vacation change or discovery and its impact on
future of newspapers you and on society
Research and make a PowerPoint
presentation on future changes and their
impact in a particular area that you are
familiar with (Project)
Tools for Writing: Commonly confused words

Writing: Write an expository essay about the history of a common device
or technology and how it will change in the future
Listen for specific information Linking vowel sounds The Formula behind Write an expository essay about the
from a TV interview about office Detective Stories on TV formula of a TV film genre
designs Create and present a storyboard on
important events in a person’s life
(Project)
Listen for specific details To before consonants and Ads Everywhere: Do You Write a letter to your local newspaper
in a lecture on advertising vowels “Buy” It? Create and present a new advertisement
techniques for an existing product (Project)
Listen for specific details in a Rising and falling intonation on Do Men and Women Write an essay about the
discussion about young/new tag questions Speak the Same communication features of men or
and experienced drivers Language? women from different cultures
Research and make a PowerPoint
presentation on communication methods
through time (Project)
Tools for Writing: Run-on sentences

Writing: Write an essay about animal tales in your culture
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Introduction
Philosophy of the Program The Components

MegaGoal is a dynamic American English series for
Student Book
international communication that takes students
from absolute beginning to high-intermediate level. The overall organization of the Student Books in the
It is specifically designed for teenagers and young series is:
adults. With eye-catching art and high-interest topics, Number of Units Pages per Unit
MegaGoal is easy and enjoyable to teach and to Books 1-6 6 Units 14 pages each
learn from. 2 Expansions 6 pages each
The goal of MegaGoal is to make the learning of
English fun, motivating, and success-oriented by a Units have a consistent lesson format.
way of a carefully graded progression that builds a The Expansion units review and expand on language
students confidence, and helps them reach the point points with high-interest content in activities, readings,
at which they can use English to express themselves and chants..
meaningfully about things that matter to them. a A unit-by-unit vocabulary list is included at the back of
The methodology of MegaGoal integrates the four each Student Book.
skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing. The
earlier levels focus on speaking and listening, but reading
Teacher’s Guide
and writing are increasingly prioritized as students This interleaved user-friendly Teacher’s Guide is available
progress through the series. MegaGoal also puts an for each level. The Teacher’s Guide offers an overview
emphasis on grammar, particularly using grammar in of the course, some general teaching guidelines, and
communicative activities. detailed unit-by-unit teaching notes.
MegaGoal is designed to appeal to a visually-oriented These unit-by-unit teaching notes include:
generation. The visuals aid in presenting and reinforcing a Unit Goals
language at the same time that they engage student a Unit Warm Up activity
attention. The vocabulary and structures are introduced a Instructions for presenting each Student Book activity
gradually and recycled systematically. And the tone of
a Answers to all the Student Book activities
the book is humorous—to make the learning process
a Audioscript for the Student Book listening activities
more enjoyable.
a Language Builder notes
a Teaching Tips
Organization of Materials a Additional Activities
Each level in MegaGoal has the following components: a Additional Projects
a Student Book a Fun Facts
a Audio Program The Teacher’s Guide for each book also contains
a Workbook the following:
a Teacher’s Guide (interleaved) a Scope and Sequence chart
a Test Bank a Vocabulary lists per unit
a Online Learning Center a Photocopiable Activities
a IWB Software & Student e-book a Answers to the Workbook activities
MegaGoal has enough material of classroom instruction a Key to Phonetic Symbols
for a whole semester. The program is flexible, and it can a Audio Program Track List
be used with groups that have one, two, or three hours
of instruction a day. It can also be used with groups that
have only two or three hours a week.
vi Teacher’s Guide
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Introduction
Workbook Online Learning Center

The Workbook provides exercises that reinforce the The Online Learning Center incorporates and extends
material presented in the Student Book. the learning goals of the Student Book with interactive
practice on the computer. A flexible set of activities
Number of Units Pages per Unit
correlated to each unit builds students’ skills.
Books 1-6 6 Units 10 pages each
2 Expansions 6 pages each
Activities in the Workbook focus on reinforcement of
Student Book Units
vocabulary and grammar. Some units also include a Each unit follows a regular pattern:
reading. In every unit there is a free writing activity based
a Language—vocabulary, structures, and functions—
around a photograph. Students should be encouraged
are presented and used in context.
to brainstorm as many words and phrases as they can in
a Grammar points are presented in chart form
connection with the photograph. Encourage students
to write full sentences when appropriate. Answers will and practiced.
vary according to the students own ideas, opinions and a Additional functional language is presented in the
experiences. Each unit ends with a writing activity, often context of Conversations and role plays.
in the form of personal writing. The Expansion units cover a A Reading expands the unit theme.
vocabulary, grammar, and writing. a A Writing activity calls on students to use the
The Workbook Answer Key is found at the back of this language they’ve learned.
Teacher’s Guide. a Form, Meaning and Function activities expand
Audio Program students’ knowledge of structures and functional

language.
The audio program for each level includes the following
a A Project allows students to perform a task and
material:
produce a product that calls on them to apply the
a Listen and Discuss (Listen and Repeat in the Intro level)
language and vocabulary they’ve learned.
(opening presentation)
Here is a detailed list of the sections in the Student Book.
a Pair Work model conversations
In some units, the order of some elements may vary.
a Listening In the Intro level, some sections vary as appropriate to
a Pronunciation students’ language abilities.
a Conversation
Presentation
a Reading
The opening two pages of every unit contain the
a Writing
presentation called Listen and Discuss. This section
a Chant-Along introduces the unit theme, the communicative context,
The audioscript for the Listening activities appear at the grammar points, and the key vocabulary. Students
point-of-use in the Teacher’s Guide. discover meaning from context—by the use of visuals
and with help from the teacher.
Testing Program
The Test Bank provides a databank of testing items from Quick Check
which teachers can create customized tests within This section, which appears on the opening two pages,
minutes. Test items reinforce vocabulary, grammar, includes a Vocabulary and a Comprehension activity
listening, conversation, reading, writing, and speaking. that check how well students understood the content of
Teachers can choose to use the items as they are, or the presentation. The questions are usually in simple
teachers can edit, add, delete, and rearrange items. formats: matching, yes/no, short answers. Students can
do the activities independently, in pairs, or even in small
IWB Software & Student e-book groups. Answers can be checked as a class, in pairs, or
MegaGoal has two brand new and innovative digital in small groups.
components: the Interactive Whiteboard Software for
classroom use and the Online e-books for self-study.
Through a variety of interactive applications the content
of the books comes to life on the board in class or on the
computer screen at home in a way that enhances the
learning and teaching process.
Teacher’s Guide vii
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Introduction
Pair Work the format of a class survey. This activity allows students
This section, also on the opening two pages, gets to use the language of the unit in simulated everyday
students involved in personalized communication right conversations.
away. It allows students to actively use the language About You
and grammar from the presentation in speaking
The purpose of the questions in the About You section
activities. Students typically ask and answer about the
is to help students improve their oral fluency. Students
content of the presentation pages, or they give personal
talk about themselves, putting into practice what they
information relating to the content.
have learned. Students’ attention is engaged as they
Grammar communicate basic personal information in English.
The Grammar section consolidates the grammar points Reading
and the communicative functions they convey. Students
The Readings throughout the book expand on the unit
receive explicit instruction on key grammar points in
topic, and relate to students’ age and interests. They
chart format and with example sentences. The charts are
take a variety of formats: newspaper and magazine
then followed by activities and exercises that reinforce
articles, puzzles, humorous stories, etc. Sometimes new
the points presented. The Grammar charts can also serve
vocabulary is introduced. The Teacher’s Guide presents
as a convenient built-in reference section for students as
reading strategies and skills for students to apply to the
they use English throughout the program.
reading; for example, using prior knowledge, discovering
Listening meaning from context, scanning, making inferences, and
In this section, students listen to perform tasks. The drawing conclusions.
listening activity can take a variety of formats. The Writing
content of the listening often simulates an authentic
The Writing sections in the series cover writing
context: radio ads and programs, messages on telephone
sentences, paragraphs, letters, and brief reports. Writing
answering machines, interviews, personal conversations,
is also integrated into many of the Projects. The writing
and so on.
assignments in the Student Book sometimes use the
Pronunciation readings as models, asking students to write about
Students’ attention is focused on specific sounds of themselves or topics that relate to them personally.
English in the Pronunciation section. Typically students Writing is also developed through assignments in
listen and repeat sounds, first in the context of words the Workbook.
and then in sentences. Form, Meaning and Function
Conversation The Form, Meaning and Function section recalls and
The Conversation section contextualizes the language recycles students’ knowledge of structure (form) and
as it is used in everyday situations. It is accompanied extends their ability to use their linguistic knowledge in
by the Real Talk feature that develops vocabulary and a meaningful and communicative way (function). The
everyday expressions. The Conversation also includes Teacher’s Guide presents concrete ideas and tips for the
functional language; for example, the language for presentation of form and gives suggestions on approach;
agreeing and disagreeing, changing topics, expressing so students are confident they are getting the language
thanks, expressing surprise, making suggestions, or right and they are able to see the communicative
complimenting. One of the unique features of MegaGoal (functional) purpose behind activities.
is the multiple-ending Conversations, which appear Project
regularly in the Student Book. Students choose the most
Each unit includes a task-based activity in which students
appropriate ending for a Conversation or make up their
typically cooperate to perform the task. They may make
own ending.
a tourist brochure, design their dream house, interview
Your Turn people and report back, and so on. The Project relates
Your Turn is a role-play activity in which students to the unit theme and requires students to use all the
are encouraged to act out dialogues related to the language they have acquired. In addition, the Project
Conversation. They use personal information or take on offers further writing practice.
made-up roles. Sometimes the Your Turn activity is in
viii Teacher’s Guide
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Introduction
Student Book Expansion Units give to students who finish a certain task early.
a Project
The Expansion units review and expand the material An additional Project is included at the end of
covered in the previous set of units. Each Expansion includes: each unit.
a Language Review: two pages of activities that a Fun Facts
recycle the vocabulary and grammar of the previous The Fun Facts offer interesting trivia or general
set of units knowledge information related to the unit content.
a Reading: a thematic reading that challenges students Use these when appropriate. You may want to have
a Writing students find out more about a given topic.
a Project a Answers
a Chant-Along: a chant that enables students to The answers to all Student Book activities are provided.
expand their language in a pleasant way (In Levels 1–2 a Workbook Reference
only.) The chant expands on a theme or the language Cross references to Workbook activities help in
covered in the units before it. The chant, and its lesson planning.
related activities, foster additional conversation and a Audioscript
discussion as well as acquisition of new vocabulary The Audioscript is provided for each unit’s Listening
and expressions. activity. (The audio for all other sections is reproduced
directly from the Student Book page and, therefore,
not repeated in the Audioscript.)
Teacher’s Guide Units
The Teacher’s Guide is interleaved with the Student Book Guidelines for Presenting Materials
for ease of use. There is one Teacher’s Guide page facing
each Student Book page.
Presentation
The following is an overview of the contents for a unit in
The first two pages of each unit contain the presentation
the Teacher’s Guide.
called Listen and Discuss. In this presentation, students
a Unit Goals
are introduced to new vocabulary, language, and
The Unit Goals are clearly listed at the beginning structures in context. The Teacher’s Guide contains
of every unit in the Teacher’s Guide. These include explicit instructions for presenting each individual unit.
goals for Vocabulary, Functions, Grammar, Listening, In general, you may want to use the following technique.
Pronunciation, Reading, Writing, Form, Meaning and
Before students open their books, present the topic of
Function and Project.
the unit in a warm up, such as by bringing in pictures,
a Warm Up
using the classroom environment, or using your personal
Each unit begins with a Warm Up that introduces experiences. Then it is recommended that students look
students to the topic and/or reviews language at the opening pages. Activate students’ prior knowledge
studied in previous units. by discussing the opening question(s). Then talk about
a Teaching Notes any vocabulary they know (provide support as needed),
Step-by-step teaching notes are provided for all and have them guess what the unit is about. Then
presentations and activities. students are ready to listen to the audio. You can have
a Language Builder them follow along with the text first as they listen. For
This feature consists of explanations of any potentially any vocabulary word lists on presentation pages, they
confusing aspects of grammar or vocabulary. can listen and repeat. It is recommended that you play
a Teaching Tips the audio several times. You might then read sentences,
This feature offers practical tips, insights, and say vocabulary, or describe part of the picture, and have
recommendations based on the observations of them point to the relevant part of the pictures or text.
experienced teaching professionals. At this point, have students do the Quick Check section
a Additional Activities to practice vocabulary and to check that they have
These optional activities may serve as a useful way to understood the presentation.
extend a topic that students have enjoyed. They may Vocabulary
also be useful in mixed-ability classes as activities to New vocabulary is presented in the Listen and Discuss
Teacher’s Guide ix
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Introduction
opening presentation and at key points throughout each Before students listen to a recording, elicit predictions
unit. The words and expressions are then practiced and about what they are going to hear. Have them look
recycled throughout the unit and subsequent units. Unit at any related visual material or ask them to read the
vocabulary lists are found at the back of the book and questions they have to answer. This way, students will
can be used for review. have a clearer idea of what to listen for.
Use the visuals in the Listen and Discuss presentation to Listening can be a difficult skill for some students. These
explicitly teach the vocabulary. students worry that they will not understand anything.
a Pronounce each word and have students repeat it. Let them know that it is not necessary to understand
Alternatively, play the audio for students to listen every single word, but to get the general idea. Play the
and repeat. recording as many times as necessary, without getting
a Provide example sentences, descriptions, and caught up in explanations of every word or phrase. Focus
explanations using the opener visual. students’ attention on the completion of the task. Letting
students work in pairs may lessen anxiety.
a Ask students to provide examples, descriptions, and
explanations of their own to determine comprehension. Conversation
a Have students keep a vocabulary notebook. Suggest The following is a suggested technique for presenting
they use their own words to define the terms and the Conversation section in the Student Book:
incorporate visuals whenever possible. a Use the picture(s) to introduce new vocabulary
a Use the photos and illustrations throughout the unit and expressions. Have students predict what the
to practice the words. Have students describe the Conversation is about.
pictures as well as ask and answer questions about a Go over the questions in About the Conversation
the pictures. before students listen to the audio.
a Play games with the words. a Play the audio or read the Conversation. If
Grammar appropriate, have students look at the picture(s), but

keep the text covered. Tell students that they don’t
There are many methods and approaches to grammar
have to understand everything—but they should
teaching. Here are some suggestions that may be useful:
try to use what they know to figure out what they
a Preteach the target structure by reviewing sentences
don’t know. As an alternative, you may find it helpful
from the Listen and Discuss and Pair Work sections to have students look at the text while listening to
that use the structure. the audio, or you may prefer to have them read the
a Model the example sentences in the Grammar section. Conversation silently before you play the audio or
a Make personalized statements or ask personalized read the Conversation aloud.
questions that use the target structure. a Play the audio or read the Conversation again while
a Ask students to provide personalized examples of students look at the text.
sentences that use the structure. a Ask students to read the Conversation silently. Ask
a If appropriate, create visuals or graphics to illustrate them to figure out the meaning of unknown words
the structure. from context.
a If appropriate, use gestures or pantomimes to a Have students answer the About the Conversation
illustrate the structure. questions. They may do this individually, in pairs, in
a Have students write grammar exercise answers on small groups, or as a class.
the board, highlighting the target structure and a Have students work in pairs or groups and read the
explaining their answers. Conversation using the “Read and Look Up” technique.
a Have students work in pairs to complete and/or In this technique, students look at a sentence, look
correct grammar exercises. up, and say what they have just read. This technique
a Use sentences from the grammar exercises for
helps students develop confidence in saying words
and sentences in English. It aids them in mastering
dictations.
the mechanics of the language, sounds, and
Listening vocabulary, and helps prepare them for freer use of
The MegaGoal series offers a wide variety of listening English.
“texts,” including conversations, announcements, a Have students act out the Conversation.
advertisements, news reports, etc.
x Teacher’s Guide
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Introduction
Reading Encourage students to keep a separate notebook

The MegaGoal series offers a wide variety of reading text for their writing. You and the students can use these
types (advertisements, magazine articles, encyclopedia notebooks to assess students’ progress in English.
entries, letters, emails, etc.). Form, Meaning and Function
For every Reading, have students try to predict and The MegaGoal series offers plenty of opportunity to
preview the content of the reading before they read. recall and recycle previously taught structures and
This includes (1) looking at the pictures, (2) talking about functional language as well as introducing new linguistic
what they know about the topic, (3) looking for familiar and communicative knowledge along the way.
words, and so on. Let students know that it is usually not
Encourage students to recall what they remember about
necessary to understand every word.
the form if previously taught and give them plenty of
In addition, you can set a purpose for reading. For examples which demonstrate alternative meanings and
example, you can ask students to look for the most uses of that form.
important ideas or to look for the answers to one or
Give students ample opportunity in the lesson to
more questions in the After Reading section.
practice the new function of a familiar form in a
You can present the Reading in a variety of ways. In fact, meaningful context by encouraging them to fully
it is recommended that you take a variety of approaches: participate in communicative tasks.
(1) students can first listen to the audio recording of the
Reading with their books closed; (2) students can listen Projects
to the audio of the Reading and follow along in the text The following are some practical guidelines for the
(this helps students to “chunk” the text—that is, to see Projects.
which words go together as meaningful units in English); a Try to have each group include students of different
(3) students can read silently first; (4) pairs can read proficiency levels in English.
different sections or paragraphs and report to each other a Make sure that students have access to the materials
on what they read. to do a task, such as magazines, large pieces of paper
Encourage students to try to guess the meaning of or cardboard, paints or colored pencils, scissors, and
unfamiliar words from context. Encourage them to ask so on.
you or look in dictionaries if they still have difficulty. Also a Help students break down the task into its basic
encourage students to make lists of words that they components; for example, a list of questions to
want to learn. answer, a list of materials to get, a format for the final
Another effective way to review language and content product, and so on.
in a Reading is to retell the story or article in one’s own a Encourage students to assign different roles to
words—orally or in writing. Encourage students to work different group members.
in pairs and tell what a Reading is about orally. They
a Provide students with guidelines for making oral
should tell the main idea first. One effective technique
presentations. These include writing down notes on
is to summarize each paragraph, or to try to answer the
the information they want to present, ideas for how to
questions Who, What, When, Where, and Why.
organize the presentation, ideas on how to divide the
Writing presentation among different students, and so on.
The MegaGoal series offers students practice in writing a Provide a forum for students to “publish” their work.
a variety of text types. These often follow the model This may be on displays in the classroom or in the
provided. school. Students might present the results to other
Explain to students that writing is a process that requires classes, not just to their class.
prewriting, drafting, revising, editing/proofreading, and Chants
publishing. Encourage students to brainstorm and take
Using chants in the classroom will enrich learning in
notes before drafting. After drafting, they should peer-
an entertaining way, motivate students, and generate
edit each other’s work. Finally, they should use these
enthusiasm. The MegaGoal series includes two original
suggestions to create their final product. You may also
chants in Books 1–2. Activities to learn vocabulary and
want to provide students with a scoring rubric by which
practice the four skills are included with each chant.
you will be evaluating their work. Criteria for scoring
When presenting the chants, you can follow the same
might include: ideas, organization, word choice, sentence
presentation steps as with the Reading sections,
fluency, grammar, punctuation.
whereby you activate students’ prior knowledge about
Teacher’s Guide xi
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Introduction
the chant or its theme, introduce the lyrics as you play attitudes, and ideas into the learning process in order to
the chant, use cloze activities to test listening skills, etc. make learning more relevant and memorable.
Once students understand the meaning of the lyrics,
you can work on pronunciation and rhythm. Additional
Pair Work
games and the personalization of the chant lyrics, where Pair Work offers teachers and students a number of
students change the lyrics to reflect their own lives, will benefits. Having students work in pairs is an ideal way to
allow students to be more creative with English in a fun maximize opportunities for communication and practice.
and memorable way. Many students feel a great sense of involvement when
working with classmates. Another practical advantage is
that while students are working in pairs, the teacher can
General Teaching Suggestions spend time with individual students who need help.
For organizing students into pairs, the simplest method
English in the Classroom is to have students work with the person sitting next to
Ideally, teachers should use authentic English in the them. Alternatively, the students in the first row can turn
classroom as much as possible. They should also around to make pairs with the students in the second
encourage students to speak English as much as row, and so on. Be sure to mix up the pairs periodically
possible. Apart from what are strictly teaching activities, to give students a chance to work with other classmates.
English can be used for taking attendance, for school Ask students to stand in line in order of birth date, height,
announcements, and for explaining activities and alphabetical order, etc., and pair students standing next
assigning homework. This way, students see English to each other.
as a vehicle for communication and not just an academic Cooperative Learning
subject to be studied. If students are expected to use
MegaGoal provides students with many opportunities to
English all the time in the classroom, they will be work together to complete a task. The Project section of
giving themselves the opportunity to practice much most units is one such opportunity.
more of the language.
To help ensure the success of such activities, make sure
Differentiating and Individualizing that groups are balanced in terms of language ability and
Classrooms comprise a wide spectrum of learners proficiency. Let students determine the different roles
who vary in how they learn best. Some students are that they might play (recorder, artist, researcher, and so
visual learners, while others are auditory learners. Still on). The teaching suggestions for the Project sections in
other students rely on the written word to succeed. To this Teacher’s Guide provide a lot of helpful information
accommodate all students, teachers need to respond for you and students for organizing and managing
to each individual and offer appropriate experiences. projects. Most of the Projects in the Student Book are
The varied presentation formats in MegaGoal allow for designed for groups of four to six students.
this differentiation of learning styles. The abundance of There are many techniques to encourage cooperative
visuals, the audio program, and the variety of activity work, even in everyday classroom activities:
formats can meet the needs of any learner. In addition, a Numbered Heads Together. Each student in a group
the Teacher’s Guide notes within the units provide takes a number (for example, 1, 2, 3, or 4). You present
suggestions for alternative ways to present material. a question. Students in the group work together to
MegaGoal also recognizes students’ individuality and get the answer and make sure that all the students in
encourages them to express themselves. Give students the group know the answer or can do the activity. To
plenty of opportunities to express their ideas, their check for accountability, call on, for example, all the
preferences, and their opinions. This way, students will “number 1s” to give the answer.
start to develop a sense of identifying with the language, a Pairs Check. Pairs take turns interviewing one
of owning the language, and of being able to use it to another. Then two pairs join together. Each student
express real ideas. tells what he/she learned about his/her partner.
It is also important to make connections between the a Think–Pair–Share. Students think about a topic or
characters and situations in the textbook with students’ question posed. They pair up with another student
own lives. Find ways to relate the information in the to discuss it. They then share their thoughts with
textbook to local and national figures, places, historical the class.
events, etc. Let students bring their own experiences, a Jigsaw. Each student becomes an expert on a topic
xii Teacher’s Guide
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Introduction
(or on one part of a Reading). That student teaches Ongoing, Informal Assessment
what he/she knows to a small group. This is a way There are many opportunities in MegaGoal for ongoing,
to present a Reading: each student reads a different informal assessment. Some examples are:
paragraph and the groups work together to get the
a Student work in the About You section can be
important information from the Reading.
monitored to see how fluently students express basic
Reading Strategies ideas in English.
Researchers are giving more and more attention to a Student work on the Project provides an opportunity
how language learners learn to read. The MegaGoal for you to assess students’ use of English informally as
series contains explicit reading strategy tips for helping students complete work on a topic.
students to become better readers in the Teacher’s a Short dictations can provide quick and easy mini-
Guide. These strategies relate specifically to the Reading, assessments. For example, to assess understanding
but can also be used for the presentation material, of questions and answers, dictate three or four
the Conversations, and activities that require reading. questions. Then have students answer each of the
Periodically review the tips throughout the program to questions. Next, have students exchange and correct
help students apply them automatically. papers. This provides students with immediate
feedback. Another way is to write scrambled words or
Grammar and Vocabulary Review sentences on the board for students to unscramble.
The Photocopiable Activities provide additional practice
a Material in the Workbook can be used to measure
and consolidate the grammar and vocabulary of each
individual students’ mastery of the material.
unit. They can be used as homework after Self Reflection,
a Students evaluate their own progress at the end of
if students require more work on those areas or as
optional practice for early finishers in class. every unit by completing the Self Reflection charts.
a Tasks and activities vary in this section and include Self Reflection
question types such as blank fills, matching, a The Self Reflection page of the course fully
collocations, sentence formation, answering open or acknowledges and supports ongoing , informal
closed questions or responding to situations. assessment in a truly learner-centered way. It allows
a The Photocopiable Activities can be combined with and trains learners to think back on the topics, tasks
additional activities and used as self-assessment tasks and language presented and practiced in the unit,
in Self Reflection. step by step in a systematic and consistent manner,
utilizing all available knowledge resources.
Monitoring Students and Correcting Errors
a Allotting time and space within the syllabus to this
As students do pair and group activities, circulate around
process takes the methodology of the course beyond
the room. Check that students are using English and
minimal adherence to principles of reflective learning,
are on task. This is an effective way to see how students
common in most courses. Self reflection is rightfully
are progressing.
recognized as an integral part of the learning process
In terms of error correction, it is recommended that you throughout.
don’t interrupt students to make corrections. Instead,
a It is essential to treat this section, as a learning
make a list of major mistakes or misunderstandings, and
skills development component. This is the time for
reteach once the pair or group activity is completed. It
students to decide for themselves what they can or
is important to realize that errors are a natural part of the
cannot do and to what extent; and to make a plan of
learning process and that students may recognize errors
action to remedy problems, clarify points, confirm and
when doing grammar activities but produce them
consolidate learning.
while speaking.
a The Self Reflection section is an invaluable tool for
Give priority to errors that interfere with understanding.
the teacher, as it provides evidence of learning and
Less important errors can be ignored, at least while you
indicates areas for remedial work or expansion.
are focusing on major errors. Another technique is to tell
Additional Activity ideas as well as the Photocopiable
students that you will correct only errors of a specific type
Activities that have not been used in the lessons, can
or a particular grammar point in a forthcoming activity.
be used as tasks for self reflection.
Teacher’s Guide xiii
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Intro
1 Listen and Discuss
Read the texts and underline the words or phrases that provide facts and/or opinions.
What do you think? Collaborative learning

promotes teamwork in class.
Learners work together in small
or large teams. However, it is
not always easy for individuals
to work effectively with others.
Some learners prefer to work
on their own first, then share
ideas and information. Others
are reluctant to share, because
they want to impress the
teacher with their performance.
Negative competition in class
tends to prevent students from
working together, as they feel
that they need to keep what
they know to themselves, in
order to gain credit against
everyone else in class.
Who are they?

How do you feel
about them?
What do people mean when they say
that someone is “self-made”? They usually
refer to success stories of individuals
who have been able to recognize and
utilize opportunities in their lives, for the
purposes of improving their personal
living standards, gaining respect in their
community, and helping others. Can you
think of successful “self-made” people in
your country? Who are they? How do you
feel about them?
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Intro
Fact: Collaborative learning promotes teamwork/

Unit Goals Learners work together in …teams. /
Some…prefer to work on their own first ,then share …/
Others …reluctant to share …they want to impress with
Vocabulary Listening their performance./
collaborative learning Listen and identify Opinion: ….not always easy … to work….in teams/
“self-made” people features of Negative competition tends to prevent students from
future studies spoken discourse versus working together, as …..in order to gain credit.
TV commercials written Who are they? How do you feel about them?
Functions discourse Opinion: They usually tend to refer to - helping others.
Express opinion and Pronunciation Accept whole sentences or content words only, if
viewpoint, Recycling and using students suggest them. The point of this task is to
argument; agree and familiar make students identify words or phrases that convey
disagree stress, intonation information/ facts and/ or opinion.
Make deductions about patterns, a Have students read each text and identify facts and
the past and the expressing disbelief, opinions.
present surprise, | Play the whole audio again. Have students listen
Grammar query and read along in their books.

can’t be – must be/ must
be + -ing – can’t
have – must have
Warm Up
With books closed, write the following words/ phrases
on the board and ask students what they know about
them. Tell them to help each other in pairs.
a collaborative learning
a “self-made” people
a future studies
a infomercials
Ask students to try and guess what each item refers to.

a Have students open their books to pages 2 and 3 and
quickly scan titles and pictures to help them explain
the meaning of the phrases on the board. Elicit ideas.
| Play the audio for each topic on pages 2 and 3 and
have students listen and read along in their books.
Pause at the end of each text and have students
comment and compare their initial ideas to the
meaning/ information in the text.
a Call on a volunteer to read the directions at the top
of page 2. Put students in pairs and give them a few
minutes to read the first text and underline words of
phrases that provide facts and/or opinions. Call on a
volunteer to provide an example, or give one yourself.
For example:
Teacher’s Guide 2
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16:01
Intro
2 Pair Work
a Go over the directions.
a Have students find and read the questions in each text
and make sure they are all clear about what they are
expected to do.
a Remind students of the expressions for Expressing
Opinion/ Feeling/ Preference – Agreeing/ Disagreeing
box. Write the expressions on the board.
a Give students some ideas for discussion, ask or write
on the board:
What do you think of collaborative learning? Is it
better than learning independently?
Who, in your community, is a good example of a
‘self-made’ person? How does this person contribute
to their community?
How useful is the skill of foresight? Would you
choose to study such a subject? Why? Why not?
How influenced are you by ‘infomercials’? Can you
give some examples of interesting/boring/amazing
infomercials you have seen on TV?
a Put the students in groups or pairs and have them
discuss the points raised by the questions. As students
work, go around and help as needed with vocabulary.
Write some of the more useful words and phrases that
students ask for on the board for everyone to see.
a Discuss B as a class. Expand on the topic students
find the most interesting by having them research it
further outside of class.
3 Teacher’s Guide
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MG_0
Would you take a course on future studies?
Have you heard of the terms
‘future studies’ or ‘strategic
foresight’? Future Studies is an
interdisciplinary field that studies
and analyzes current and past
changes with respect to tomorrow.
For example, many people believe
that the Earth’s ecosystem will
collapse in the near future, while
others believe that it will survive. A
foresight approach would analyze
and highlight the assumptions
underpinning such views. Would
you choose to take a course on
future studies at university?
Would you buy it?

Infomercials are longer television
commercials that include demonstrations
of product features and customer comments.
A toll-free telephone number and/or website is
included for potential buyers accompanied by “an
offer you can’t refuse”.
2 Pair Work
A. Before you discuss each issue, brainstorm and think of:
• phrases you can use to express your opinion/ view
• ways to agree and disagree
• arguments to support your view
B. Which topic would you like to know more about? Why? Which topic do you find least
interesting? Why?
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Intro
3 Conversation
Listen and practice reading the
conversation in pairs. Then act it out.
Adnan and Yahya are high school students.
They are walking along the corridor,
chatting during break.
Adnan: You’ve heard, haven’t you? Our
chemistry teacher has been
transferred.
Yahya: It can’t be true. I saw him yesterday. He can’t have left. I thought he must still be teaching in our
school.
Adnan: Yes, so did I. But apparently, he has been transferred to his home town. So someone else is going
to be teaching chemistry.
Yahya: I am sorry to hear that.
Adnan: I saw someone new walking into the chemistry lab. He must be our new teacher…
Yahya: Let’s have a look. No, it can’t be. I don’t believe it. He must be looking for me.
Adnan: What are you talking about? That must be our new teacher.
Yahya: No, it can’t be.
Adnan: Oh, come on. Why not?
Yahya: Because that’s my uncle! He must have known about this but never told me.
Adnan: He must have wanted to surprise you! It’s good news, isn’t it?
Your Turn
A. Role-play a conversation like the one above with a partner. Use phrases from the box.
Making Deductions
(present) It can’t be true. / He must be …
He must be …ing …
(past) He can’t have … (left.)
He must have … (known) … / He must have … (wanted) …
B. Read the situations and make deductions.

1. Your father’s car is in the garage. He must be home. / He can’t have left.
2. Your cousin’s bicycle is in the garden. He/ She …
3. You can’t turn on your new computer. It …
4. Your best friend is not at school today. He/ She …
5. You are 15 minutes late. Your friends don’t They …
seem to be in the mall.
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Intro
3 Conversation
Ask students questions such as these:
(1) Why does Yahya use can’t? Why doesn’t he say: It’s
a Have students open their books to page 4 and have a
not true? OR It might not be true? (He is confident that
the teacher hasn’t left because he had seen him earlier. In
quick look at the photo. Ask them to close their books
other words he has reached this conclusion, belief based
and talk about what they think the conversation is
on the fact that the teacher was there the previous day.)
going to be about. List ideas on the board.
(2) Why does Adnan use must in this example? What
| Write these questions on the board:
helped him reach that conclusion? (He saw the person
Where are Adnan and Yahya? What are they going into the chemistry lab, so he assumed that he was
doing? (at school/ walking along the corridor, the new teacher.)
chatting) Play the first part of the conversation and (6) Why does he say this? Why not, “He must look for
have students listen with their books closed. Call on me.”? Is the meaning the same? (Obligation)
volunteers to answer. Add more questions:
a Point out the difference in form when deductions
Where has the chemistry teacher been transferred
refer to the present as opposed to the past. Give them
to? (his home town) Who is the new teacher?
more examples if necessary.
How does Yahya feel about it? (Yahya’s uncle, he’s
You are at the library studying. Your friend is there with
surprised, concerned – accept any answer that is
you. You see him/her pick up his/her books and walk
justified)
towards the librarian. What do you think?
Call on volunteers to answer in class.
He must be leaving. / He must be running late for class.
| Play the audio again. Have students listen and follow
(present)
in their books. You are at the library studying. Your friend came in with
a Put students in pairs. Have them practice reading you. You look for him but can’t see him anywhere.
the conversation. Tell students to try and act out the He must have left. (past)
conversation as best they can. Encourage them to a Arrange students in pairs to do the role play. Tell them
rehearse more than once. Advise them to look up that first they should decide on where they are and
after they’ve had a quick look at their lines as they what they are doing together.
role-play.
a Tell them to make notes about the situation if they
a Have them switch roles and repeat.
want but they should not write the conversation
down. Remind them that this is speaking practice.
Your Turn a Call on a few pairs to act out the role plays for the
a Have students read the directions. class.
a Direct students’ attention to the box of phrases for a Have students read the directions and the example
Making Deductions. for B. Give them some time to read the rest of the
a Go over the expressions with the students. Have them
items and elicit ideas. Accept all reasonable answers.
find examples in the conversation.
Answers
a Ask them to think about the meaning of the
expressions. 1. He must be home. / He can’t have left.
It can’t be true.(1) I saw him yesterday. He can’t have 2. He must have arrived earlier. / He must be in. / He must have
left.(2) I thought he must still be teaching in our walked to the park.
school.(3) 3. It must be broken. / There must be a problem.
I saw someone new walking into the chemistry lab. He 4. He/ She must be sick.
must be our new teacher… (4) 5. They must have left. / They must be at the restaurant.
Let’s have a look. No, it can’t be.(5) I don’t believe it. He
must be looking for me.(6)
What are you talking about? That must be our new
teacher.(7)
No, it can’t be.(8)
Because that’s my uncle! He must have known about
this but never told me.(9)
He must have wanted to surprise you!(10)
Teacher’s Guide 4
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16:01
Intro
9 Speaking
a Have students look at the photo and talk about the | Play the CD again, pausing from time to time to
people, where they are and what they are doing. allow students to compare with the written story.
a Have a student read aloud the directions and list of a Call on students to comment. You may wish to give
features. students a copy of the audioscript to help them
compare the two pieces of discourse.
| Have students close their books and listen.
| Play the audio again for students to identify and Answers:
mark the features of the spoken text.
Spoken Text Written Text
| Play the audio a third time for students to check
pauses and fillers
their answers. Q
false starts & re-starts Q
| Audioscript complete sentences Q Q

incomplete sentences Q
I’d been waiting for some cash [pause]... to be deposited in
my account, so I kept checking every day. About a week ago, re-ordering Q
Thursday ... I was near the bank so I checked again, for the re-wording Q
umpteenth time. I thought ...I hoped to find some cash. [chuckle]
self-correction Q
So I put my cash card in the ATM and keyed in my password...
I couldn’t believe it... the money was in the account... Great! I connectors Q Q
pushed ... sorry, pressed ....you know...the button... (uhmmm) to punctuation Q
withdraw the money, waited and took out my card.[ phew..] I intonation Q
was so pleased...what a relief ... (uhmmm) the ....I turned around
and started walking away... very happy .... but I thought I’d check a Have a student read the directions for 2 and 3 in class.
to make sure the money was OK... I looked in my bag. ...Nope, Encourage students to make suggestions. Tell them
no money in my bag.... Searched my pockets ... (uhmmm) that they are free to talk about any type of incident
nothing. I ran back to the ATM. ...checked the slot ... nothing
they like. Tell them to only make notes, not write
there. I put my card in to check ... disaster! ...the money had been
the whole story. They are supposed to tell the story
withdrawn...but I didn’t have it! ...Where was it? ...I felt sick at my
stomach... and there were so many bills to pay ... This was really
in class, as they observe their audience and repeat
embarrassing! ....anyway, I called the emergency number of the or stress parts of it to make it livelier and/ or more
bank and told them what had happened ... (uhmm) feeling really interesting.
foolish ... what would they think of me? ... a Give students time to think and make notes. Then
They promised to check the next day. ... The man I spoke to told have them tell the story to their partner. Draw a chart
me not to worry... Did you know? ...ATMs have a security feature like the one below on the board for students to copy
that pulls back the bills if you don’t take them within fifteen or and use to make notes.
twenty seconds... I didn’t know that. ...Also, he told me that this
sort of thing happens all the time...Imagine! ... at least I wasn’t the Actions/ Events Objects Places Feelings
only one .... People
a Have students read the written text. Elicit features they
notice, e.g. complete sentences, different connectors,
range of verb forms, punctuation, paragraphing.
Point out the density of the written text with ideas,
thoughts, results and consequences organised and
connected, rather than fragmented in short utterances
(incomplete sentences).
a (Written text: I then checked my account to only get a
Call on volunteers to tell the story in class.
confirmation that the amount I had requested had in
fact been withdrawn. – Spoken text: I put my card in to
check ... disaster! ...the money had been withdrawn...but I
didn’t have it! ...Where was it? ...)
5 Teacher’s Guide
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MG_0
4 Speaking
1. Listen and compare the written text with the spoken account of the incident.
Tick the features that you identify in each or both.
Spoken Written
Text Text
pauses and fillers
false starts & re-starts
complete sentences
incomplete sentences
re-ordering
re-wording
self-correction
connectors
punctuation
intonation
ed to you or so m eo ne you know?

Has it happen nk account for the um
pteenth time, hoping th
at I’d
nt to check my ba my password and to my
great
About a week ago I we e ma ch ine , ke ye d in
d my card in th took my card out of
find some cash. I place my ac co un t. So I pressed withdrawal,
mone y in
delight; there was the ily walked away…
, as I wa s supposed to, and happ
th e ma chine make sure that
so , wh en I thought of checking to
t ten ste ps or no avail. I
I must have taken abou ar ch ed my sm all bag and my pockets to
securely. I se cash in the
I’d put the money away to th e AT M. As I ha d feared, there was no
d rushed back
immediately turned an
ested had
slot.
t a co nf irm ation th at the amount I had requ
unt to only ge ported
I then checked my acco t an d em ba rra ss ed . I called the bank and re
I was really upse
in fact been withdrawn. wing day.
ised to check the follo
the incident. They prom sh that was not
ha d a se curit y fea tu re which pulled back ca
ine
Fortunately, the mach
in fiftee n or twenty seconds! s all
collected with bu t then I was told that it happen
su ch a thing
sh to have done
I was feeling really fooli
lieve it?
the time! Would you be
2. Work in pairs. Think about an incident you heard or read about or something that happened to you or
someone you know. Make notes.
3. It might help to write the actions/verbs in the order they happened and then add people, objects
and places. Lastly, don’t forget to also convey the manner in which things happened. Use your voice,
exclamations, adjectives and adverbs.
4. Now use your notes and tell your partner or your class.
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1 Two Is Better Than One
1. Name some famous husbands and wives from history. Tell the most legendary
story you know of a famous couple.
2. Read the texts about some famous marriages from history. Do you think their
marriage made it easier for them to achieve certain goals?
Marie and Pierre Curie (1894–1906)

Maria Sklodowska was born in Warsaw in 1867. She was the daughter of a secondary-school teacher. She
studied in local schools and received some training in science from her father. Because women were not
able to attend university in Poland in the 19th century, Maria left Poland to study at a French university in
1891. Now known by the French name Marie, she worked hard in a laboratory that was owned by Pierre
Curie.
Pierre Curie was born in
Paris in 1859. He received
his early education at
home and then joined
the Faculty of Sciences
at the Sorbonne. He was
promoted to Professor in
1900.
Marie and Pierre Curie
got married in 1895.
Although poor, they
were devoted to
each other and their
research. Their studies of
radioactive substances
were carried out under
difficult conditions.
Their laboratory facilities
were hardly adequate
and they had to do a lot
of teaching to earn a
living.
In 1898, the couple discovered the elements Polonium and Radium. They
eventually won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 for the discovery of
radioactivity. When Pierre died in 1906, Marie honored his memory by
continuing their work. In 1911, Marie Curie won another Nobel Prize, this
time for chemistry. She was the first person to win the Nobel Prize twice.
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MG_05_SB_TEXT_2017.indd 6 14/12/16 16:01
a Have students read the text and answer the second

introductory question: Do you think their marriage
Unit Goals made it easier for them to achieve certain goals?
Discuss the answer as a class, calling on various
Vocabulary Listening students to give their opinions and explain their
Partners, marriages, Listen for sequence of reasons.
and mates events | P lay the audio for each couple on pages 6 and 7.
Cooperation Have students listen and read along in their books.
Symbiotic pairs Pronunciation a To check students’ understanding, pause the audio
The English /r/ sound
after each couple to ask a few comprehension
Functions
Reading questions. Ask questions, such as the following:
Talk about famous
Animal Partners (Marie and Pierre Curie)
marriages in history
Discuss how pairs Where did Marie and Pierre meet? (in a laboratory
can help each other
Writing in France)
Write an essay
Negotiate What did they discover together? (the elements
Form,
Meaning and polonium and radium)
Grammar Function (Anita and Giuseppe Garibaldi)
Other, Others, Simple Present versus
and Another Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi? (a leader in the
Present Progressive
Emphatic Do struggle for Italian unification and independence)
Words Connected with
Where did he meet Anita Ribeiro? (in Brazil)
Museums and Galleries
What did Giuseppe and Anita do together? (They
traveled and fought in battles together.)
| Play the complete audio again. Have students listen
Warm Up and read along in their books.
a Point out the dates that are given in the text after
With students’ books closed, discuss the introductory
a
each couple’s names. Ask: What do these dates refer
question. Ask: Who are some famous husbands and
to? (the dates of each couple’s marriage) Point out
wives from history? Elicit answers and write their
that dates in parentheses after a person’s name often
names on the board.
refer to the person’s years of birth and death. This is
Review the list of marriages on the board. Ask: What
a
not the case on these pages.
is each of these married couples famous for? Call on
volunteers to share what they know about each.
Write on the board the title of the unit: Two is better
a
than one. Ask students to predict what Unit 1 will be
about. (famous marriages)

a Ask students to open their books to pages 6 and 7.
Give them a moment to scan the pages and look
at the pictures. Ask: What famous marriages are
discussed on these pages? (Anita and Giuseppe
Garibaldi, and Marie and Pierre Curie) Check to see if
any of these couples were named by students in the
Warm Up. Find out by a show of hands how many
students are unfamiliar with each married couple.
Teacher’s Guide 6
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16:01
Quick Check
A
2 Pair Work
a Ask students to read the directions silently. Ask a
a Have a volunteer read aloud the exercise directions.
student to explain the task to the class, helping as
Call on another student to read aloud the list of words
necessary. Emphasize that the married couples do not
in the left column. Ask students to search the texts on
have to be historical; they could be modern married
pages 6 and 7 for the words and underline them.
couples.
a Have students work individually to match each word
a Arrange students in pairs to choose married couples.
to its meaning. Tell students to use the context of the
Ask them to write a list of at least three reasons that
word in the text to help them find the correct meaning.
explain their choice.
a Have students compare answers in pairs.
a Have each pair join another pair to form a small group.
a To check answers as a class, call on pairs to read aloud
Then have the groups discuss each married couple and
their matches. the reasons that they are a good match.
a To conclude the exercise, have each group list their
Answers
matches on the board. Take a class vote on which
1. c 2. e 3. b 4. f 5. d 6. a couple seems to be the most perfect match.
B
a Call on a volunteer to read aloud the directions.
Workbook
a Have students work in pairs to answer the
questions, referring back to the text as necessary Assign page 1 for practice with the vocabulary of the unit.
to find the answers.
a Check answers as a class by calling on pairs to read
aloud the questions and answers. Teaching Tip
MegaGoal includes many opportunities for pair and group work
Answers in each lesson. Create a system to ensure that students rotate
Answers will vary. Sample answers: partners in order to work with all of their classmates.
1. Because women were not able to attend university in Poland.
2. They had to work long hours in order to earn a living and their
Additional Activity
laboratory did not have a lot of facilities. As an extension to the vocabulary exercise, Quick Check A, ask
students to identify the part of speech of each word. Then have
3. The discovery of radioactivity made them famous.
them work in pairs to complete a word family chart for each
4. They received a Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 and Marie Curie word, identifying the noun, verb, adjective, and adverb forms.
won another Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911. Have them try to complete the chart by themselves before
5. He went to South America and fought for the independence of checking their work in a dictionary. Their completed charts
Uruguay. He met Anita there. might look like the following:
6. Yes, it was. He also met the first king of a unified Italy.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
devotion devote devoted devotedly
exile exile X X
X flee X X
• Although the Curies were celebrated for their work with grief grieve grieving X
radiation, their exposure to the element did affect their legend X legendary legendarily
health. Pierre died early in a streetcar accident, but Marie
facts
unification unify unified X
died later from aplastic anemia, caused by radiation.
Her surviving papers and artifacts are radioactive and
considered too dangerous to handle.
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Anita and Giuseppe Garibaldi
(1839–1849)
Giuseppe Garibaldi was a leader in the struggle for Italian
unification and independence. When Garibaldi was exiled
from Italy, he fled to South America, where he lived for 12
years and fought in another struggle for independence—
this time for the independence of Uruguay from Argentina.
While in Brazil, Garibaldi married Anita Ribeiro, a young
woman from Laguna, a small town in Southern Brazil. As
husband and wife, the two traveled everywhere together. It
was known that Anita even accompanied her husband to
battles.
However, on August 4, 1849, Anita, pregnant and sick, died
in Garibaldi’s arms.
Garibaldi never did get over his grief at Anita’s death. Over
a decade later, he was still grieving, when he first went to
meet the king of a unified Italy, wearing one of her scarves.
Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Match each word to its meaning.
1. _____ devoted a. bringing together
2. _____ exiled b. ran away
3. _____ fled c. dedicated
4. _____ grieving d. famous
5. _____ legendary e. forced to leave one’s native country
6. _____ unification f. mourning
B. Comprehension. Answer the questions about the marriages from history.

1. Why did Marie Curie leave Poland after school?
2. Why were conditions difficult for Marie and Pierre Curie?
3. Which discovery made them famous?
4. How many Nobel prizes did they win? When?
5. Where did Giuseppe Garibaldi go after he fled Italy? What happened to him there?
6. Was Garibaldi’s campaign in Italy finally successful?
2 Pair Work
Discuss historically famous people with your partner. Choose a person who has changed
the world for the better. Explain to your partner why you selected the person.
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3 Grammar
Other, Others, and Another
Other / Others
Other can be used as an adjective before a plural noun to mean “additional” or “further.”
Many scientists feel that global warming can be reversed. Other scientists disagree.
Others can be used as a pronoun to mean additional or other persons or things.
Many scientists feel that global warming can be reversed. Others disagree.
Another
Another can be used as an adjective or a pronoun.
As an adjective, it means an alternative to something previously considered.
I know you want to go to Mexico on vacation, but I have another idea.
As a pronoun, it means an additional one of the same kind.
That was a good cup of coffee. I think I’ll have another.
Whether used as an adjective or a pronoun, another is only used with singular nouns.
Incorrect: I think I’ll have another beef burgers.
Note: Don’t confuse other, others, and another with the pronouns each other and one another. Note that
each other and one another, which are inseparable phrases, are used to express a mutual relationship.
My friends have deep trust in each other. I know that none of them could let down the others.
Emphatic Do
Do is usually used as an auxiliary in negative and question forms of the simple present and past tense.
However, the auxiliary do can also be used before the infinitive in affirmative sentences to add special emphasis.
I do enjoy his company.
He does like to talk.
We can also use emphatic do to show a contrast between expectations and reality.
A: You didn’t call me yesterday. B: I did call you yesterday.
We usually get along very well, but we do have arguments occasionally.
Note: Emphatic do is strongly emphasized in speech.
A. Complete each sentence with other, others, or another.

1. He says he is so full of beef burgers. He says he could not eat ______.
2. You can use that topic for your paper. I have a few ______ in mind for my paper.
3. They like their cats so much that they are talking about getting ______ kitten.
4. You can keep that pen. I have two or three ______ pens in my backpack.
5. There are six ______ people in line ahead of us.
6. Cover your mouth when you cough so that ______ won’t catch your cold.
7. I just recovered from a cold, and already I’m getting ______ one.
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3 Grammar other. / We get along so well because we understand

one another.
Other, Others, and Another Emphatic Do

a Explain to students that these common English words a Read the explanation with the class. Ask volunteers to
often cause confusion for English learners. They are read aloud the examples. Make sure that they stress
related words, but each has a different meaning. the emphatic do. Point out that the emphatic do is
used as an auxiliary verb in these statements and
Other / Others changes form (do, does, did) as it does in negative
statements and questions.
a Read the explanation with the class. Write the example
a Write the following scrambled sentences on the
sentences on the board. Point out that in these
board. Ask two volunteers to arrange the words in
sentences, other and others have a similar meaning
order on the board to form sentences.
although they function differently in the sentences.
play / like / Ann / do / to / video games / .
(Ann does like to play video games.)
Another
enjoy / that / we / reading / gossip column / do /.
a Read the explanation with the class. Write the
(We do enjoy reading that gossip column.)
example sentences on the board and discuss them.
For example: A
I know you want to go to Mexico on vacation, but I
have another idea.
Point out that in this sentence, another idea can be Language Builder
substituted with the words a different idea. The emphatic do can also occur at the beginning of an
That was a good cup of coffee. I think I’ll have another. imperative sentence. For example:
Point out that in the second sentence, another means Do come in!
an additional cup of coffee. Do be nice to your sister!
a Write additional sentences on the board and have Do do your homework tonight!
students complete them with other, others, or another. Imperatives like these are correct without the initial do.
For example: Adding do simply makes them stronger.
I’m almost done. I just need ___ minute. (another)
He watches the news. He doesn’t watch any ___ TV
program. (other) a Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions.
I only ate one cookie. John ate the ___. (others) a Have students work individually to complete the
One student is from Brazil. The ___ are from sentences.
Venezuela. (others) a Have students check their answers in pairs. Then call
One student is from Brazil. The ___ is from on students to read aloud their completed sentences.
Venezuela. (other)
Answers
One student is from Brazil. ___ is from Venezuela.
(Another) 1. another 3.
another 5. other 7. another
a Read aloud the Note. Explain that the phrases each 2. others 4.
other 6. others
other and one another are interchangeable. They can
be used in the same situations. Elicit from students
additional examples using each other and one another.
For example:
All of the students in the class are nice to one
another. / All of the students in the class are nice to
each other.
We get along so well because we understand each
Teacher’s Guide 8
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16:01
1 1 Two
Two
Is Is Better
Better Than
Than One
One
B D
a Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions. Focus a Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions and the
students’ attention on the photo. Ask: How do these example sentence.
people feel about the new shopping mall? (They are a Tell students that they should first match the sentence
happy about it.) Elicit another idea that students could parts for each item. Then they should go back and
use as a basis for the example. For example: Other rewrite the sentences, adding do, does, or did.
people are upset about it. a Have students work individually to complete
a Have students work individually to write a second the activity.
sentence for each item. Point out that there isn’t only a To check answers, call on volunteers to write their
one correct answer for each. completed sentences on the board.
a Have students check their sentences in pairs. Then
call on students to read aloud their sentences. Since Answers
answers may vary, call on a few students to give their
2. e I’m afraid of heights, though I do fly occasionally.
answers for each.
3. b I forgot to call my friend, but I did send my friend an email.
Answers 4. f I didn’t have a lot of time, but I did manage to
finish my homework.
Answers will vary. Sample answers:
5. a She doesn’t want to go shopping, but her sister does
1. Others do not. want to go shopping.
2. Another thing you can do is conserve water. 6. d Although she’s a bit quiet, she does have a
3. The other has blond hair. great sense of humor.
4. My other class is biology.
5. Another synonym is good-looking.
6. I need another one. Workbook
7. There are three others in front of us. Assign pages 2–4 for practice with the grammar of the unit.
8. Another thing you should do is eat healthy foods.
C
a Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions and the Teaching Tip
example sentence. When presenting new grammar, avoid getting into detailed
a Remind students that sometimes the verb in the
explanations. Try to get your students practicing and speaking as
soon as possible. The best way for students to understand a new
sentence will change form. For example, write this
grammar point is to see and hear correct examples, and then
sentence on the board: He feels tired. Elicit from
practice it themselves.
students that the rewritten sentence would be
He does feel tired. Additional Activity
a Have students work individually to rewrite each Emphasize to students that an important aspect of using the
sentence, adding do, does, or did. emphatic do is stressing it in speech. Have students practice saying
a To check answers, ask volunteers to write their new aloud the sentences in exercises C and D with emphatic stress.
sentences on the board. Look at each sentence as
a class. Do not immediately point out any errors; let
students try to find and correct them first.
•M
umtaz Mahal was given this name by her husband.
Answers It means Jewel of the Palace. Taj Mahal means Crown
1. I do hope you get better quickly.
Palace.
2. He does enjoy playing on his own.
3. He does need to find a job soon.
facts
4. I did ask my friend to join us.
5. This store does have the best selection.
6. The teacher did notice you were absent.
9 Teacher’s Guide
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B. Read each sentence. Then use your own
ideas to write a second sentence, using
other, others, or another.
Some people are happy about the new
shopping mall.
Others are upset about it.
1. Many young people like to socialize on
the Internet.
2. One thing you can do to help the environment is recycle.
3. Two of my three sisters have brown hair.
4. English isn’t the only class I have on Mondays.
5. Attractive is one synonym for pretty.
6. My backpack is ripping.
7. We’re not the first people in line.
8. One thing you should do for your health is exercise.
C. Rewrite each sentence, adding do, does, or did for emphasis.

I feel tired. I do feel tired.
1. I hope you get better quickly.
2. That child plays quietly.
3. He needs to find a job soon.
4. I asked my friend to join us.
5. This store has the best selection.
6. The teacher noticed you were absent.
D. Match the sentence beginnings and endings. Rewrite the sentences, adding do, does,
or did for emphasis.
We don’t usually watch TV, but we do watch that program.
1. We don’t usually watch TV, c a. but her sister wants to go shopping.
2. I’m afraid of heights, b. but I sent my friend an email.
3. I forgot to call my friend, c. but we watch that program.
4. I didn’t have a lot of time, d. she has a great sense of humor.
5. She doesn’t want to go shopping, e. though I fly occasionally.
6. Although she’s a bit quiet, f. but I managed to finish my homework.
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4 Conversation
Badr: I’m really excited that we’re going to share
an apartment to save money while we
study in New York.
Adnan: I am, too. But, you know, a lot of friends end
up arguing about chores. So, I was thinking
it might be a good idea for us to divide up
the chores before we move in.
Badr: Yeah. I do think we should discuss that.
I’m sure we can work out a fair division of
chores.
Adnan: Of course, we’ll each clean our own room.
And since there are two bathrooms, how
about if I clean one and you clean the
other?
Badr: That’s fair. And each week we can take turns
cleaning the rest of the apartment.
Adnan: Hey, do you want to do our laundry together so that only one of us has to go to the
laundromat each week?
Badr: We’re on the same wavelength. I was just going to suggest that.
Adnan: I really don’t like folding the wash. If I wash the laundry, would you be willing to do
the folding?
Badr: No sweat. And how about cooking? I don’t mind cleaning, but cooking is really not
my cup of tea. Would you do the cooking if I did the cleaning up?
Adnan: Sorry, but if there’s one chore I hate, it’s cooking.
Badr: Well, it looks like we’re going to be eating a lot of takeout!
About the Conversation Real Talk

1. What problem are Badr and Adnan trying to avoid? on the same wavelength = thinking the same thing
2. How do Badr and Adnan divide up the chores? No sweat. = No problem.
not my cup of tea = a polite way to say you don’t
3. What chore does neither of them want to do?
like something
What solution does Badr offer?
Your Turn Negotiating

Role-play with a partner. Pretend that you are How about if I…and you…?
dividing up responsibilities for something you are I think it would be fair if…
doing together, such as working on a school project. I’m sure we can work this out.
Figure out a list of tasks, and then discuss who will OK, I’ll agree to…if you will…
be responsible for each task. Use the phrases for Would you (be willing to)…if I…?
negotiating.
10
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4 Conversation About the Conversation

a Have students work in pairs to answer the questions,
a Direct students’ attention to the photo. Ask: What are referring back to the conversation to find the answers.
the boys doing? Elicit that they are cooking. a Check answers by calling on pairs to read aloud the
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lay the audio. Tell students to listen with their books questions and answers.
closed.
a To check comprehension, ask: What is the Answers
relationship of the boys? (They are going to share an 1. They don’t want to argue about chores.
apartment while they study.)
2.
They will both clean their own rooms. They will each clean
| P
lay the audio again. Have students listen and read a bathroom. They will take turns cleaning the rest of the
along in their books. apartment. Adnan will wash the laundry and Badr will fold it.
3.
Neither of them wants to cook. Badr suggests they order
Real Talk takeout food often.
a Draw students’ attention to the Real Talk box. Point

out that the words in this box are highlighted in Your Turn
blue in the Conversation. Explain that these are a Call on a student to read the directions aloud.
usually idiomatic or slang words and expressions that a Direct students’ attention to the box of phrases for
students may not be able to find in their dictionaries. Negotiating. Ask: Which phrases in the box were used
They are defined here. Model the phrases for students in the Conversation? Who says them? (Badr says I’m
to repeat. sure we can work out a fair division of chores. Adnan
a Ask: Who says “on the same wavelength”? (Badr says says …how about if I clean one and you clean the other?
this, meaning that he agrees about doing laundry Adnan asks If I wash the laundry, would you be willing to
together.) Give another example of this phrase. For do the folding? Badr asks Would you do the cooking if I
example, say: My husband and I were not on the did the cleaning up?)
same wavelength last Saturday. He wanted to stay a Arrange students in pairs to do the role play. Tell
home and watch a film, but I wanted to go out them that first they should decide what they are
shopping. Ask: Who is someone that you are usually doing together. Elicit a few additional ideas, such as
on the same wavelength with? Elicit answers from a planning and cooking a meal or working on a project.
few volunteers.
a Have students write down the list of tasks involved
a Ask: Who says “No sweat”? (Badr says this, meaning
and then discuss the list, negotiating who will do
that he doesn’t mind doing the folding at all.) Explain each task.
that this phrase is also very informal and would
a Make sure that students understand that this is
usually be said among friends. Students would not
speaking practice, and they do not have to write
use this expression with a teacher or someone else
the conversation down.
they speak to with respect.
a Call on a few pairs to act out their role plays for
a Ask: Who says “not my cup of tea”? (Badr says this,
the class.
meaning that he doesn’t like to cook and probably is
not very good at it.) Give an example of something
that is not your cup of tea. For example: Gardening
is not my cup of tea. The flowers that I plant never
grow. Ask a few students to say something that is not
their cup of tea.
a If necessary, explain that takeout is food that is
ordered at a restaurant and eaten at home.
a Have students practice the conversation with a
partner. Then they switch roles and practice again.
Teacher’s Guide 10
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16:01
1 1 Two
Two
Is Is Better
Better Than
Than One
One
5 Listening twins’ mother, from Poland, had heard of the excellent facilities
there and requested help for her daughters. The 14-month-old
girls were brought to the Kingdom after Crown Prince Abdullah
a Ask students If they know who Dr. Abdullah Al- generously agreed to the operation.
Rabeeah is. Call on a volunteer to give some When the two girls finally came out of the operation theater,
information. the relieved mother told reporters, “The day of separation of
a Have a student read aloud the directions and list of the twins is the happiest event in my life.” In February, the Polish
events. Tell students that they will listen in order to Ambassador held a special reception to honor Dr. Rabeeah and
number the events in the correct order. his team for their outstanding achievement.
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lay the audio as students just listen. This operation and others since prove that humanitarian
assistance and medical care have no geographical borders.
| P
lay the audio again for students to number the
events in the correct order.
| P
lay the audio a third time for students to check their
answers.
6 Pronunciation
Answers
| Play the audio. Have students listen and read along in
their books.
1 He realizes he wants to become a doctor. | Play the audio again. Have students listen and repeat,
2 He graduates from King Saud University. or speak along with the recording.
3 He gets his Master’s in Pediatric Surgery.
7 Vocabulary Building
4 He is a member of the Canadian Board of Pediatric Surgeons.
5 He is assistant professor at King Saud University.
6 He becomes Executive Director of Health Affairs at the National
Guard. A
7 He is appointed Minister of Health. a Have students work individually to match the words
8 He and his team perform surgery on Polish twins. with the definitions.
9 He is honored by the Polish community.
Answers
| Audioscript 1. e 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. c
Dr. Abdullah Al-Rabeeah is highly respected in the medical B
field for his contribution to pediatric surgery and his expertise
a Have students compare answers with a partner.
in separating conjoined twins. The work of Dr. Rabeeah and
his team of medical specialists has enriched the lives of many
children and their families around the world.
Abdullah Al-Rabeeah was born in Saudi Arabia. From a young
Workbook
age he knew that he wanted to help others and chose medicine Assign page 5 for additional reading practice.
as his career. He proved to be an excellent student and, by
the age of 25, he had received a Bachelor of Medicine and a
Bachelor of Surgery from King Saud University in Riyadh. He
continued his studies in Alberta, Canada, where he was awarded
a Master’s in Pediatric Surgery in 1985 and became a member of
Teaching Tip
Even at an advanced level, students may need pronunciation
the Canadian Board of Pediatric Surgeons in 1987.
practice. Assess the sounds students have trouble with and
Dr. Rabeeah soon returned to Saudi Arabia and became an incorporate pronunciation exercises to practice them.
assistant professor of pediatric surgery at King Saud University
and a pediatric surgery consultant at several hospitals in the
Kingdom. From 2005 to 2009, he held the position of Executive
Additional Activity
To give students additional practice with the English /r/ sound,
Director General of Health Affairs at the National Guard, and in
write these tongue twisters on the board for students to practice:
February 2009, he was appointed Minister of Health.
In January 2005, Dr. Rabeeah and his team made medical history
Round the rugged rock, the ragged rascal ran.
by separating a pair of conjoined twins after 15 hours of surgery. Four furry gorillas ran after a butterfly.
This was the 9th successful operation of its kind performed at the
Health Affairs at the National Guard, Medical City in Riyadh. The
11 Teacher’s Guide
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5 Listening
Listen to a summary about Dr. Abdullah Al-Rabeeah,
a famous pediatric surgeon. Then number his achievements in
the correct order / in chronological order.
____ He and his team perform surgery on Polish twins.
____ He becomes Executive Director of Health Affairs at
the National Guard.
____ He realizes he wants to become a doctor.
____ He graduates from King Saud University.
____ He is assistant professor at King Saud University.
____ He gets his Master’s in Pediatric Surgery.
____ He is honored by the Polish community.
____ He is appointed Minister of Health.
____ He is a member of the Canadian Board of Pediatric Surgeons.
____ He is appointed as a consultant in the Royal Court.
6 Pronunciation
While most languages have the /r/ sound, it is pronounced differently in different languages.
Listen and practice the English /r/ sound in these sentences.
1. Dr. Rabeeah is respected for his contribution to pediatric surgery.
2. They have enriched the lives of children around the world.
3. He received a Bachelor’s of Surgery from King Saud University in Riyadh.
4. After the operation, the mother was relieved.
5. The Ambassador held a reception to honor Dr. Rabeeah.
A. You will see these words in the reading on pages 12 and 13. Match the words with their meanings.
1. ____ compensate a. ways in which something lacks what it needs
2. ____ deficiencies b. causing great fear
3. ____ fearsome c. animals that live by hunting others
4. ____ invaluable d. extremely valuable; priceless
5. ____ predators e. to overcome a weakness with a strength
B. Check your answers with a partner. If you do not understand the meaning of a word,
look it up in a dictionary.
11
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8 Reading
Before Reading
Do you think animals ever form partnerships to help one another? Explain.
Animal Partners
For animals in the wild, each day is a struggle to survive. They must
continually search for food, while at the same time keeping themselves
safe from predators. Some animals have learned that teaming up with
another animal makes the struggle to find food, shelter, and safety a bit
easier. This kind of special relationship in which animals depend upon and
benefit from one another is called symbiosis.
One of the most visually surprising examples of symbiosis occurs between
the fearsome African crocodile and the small plover bird. When a plover is
nearby, a crocodile will open its long, sharp-toothed jaws to invite it inside.
You might assume that the plover would quickly reject this invitation
and fly off. Yet surprisingly, the plover does hop inside. Perhaps even
more amazingly, the crocodile, normally known for its aggression, does not snap its mouth shut and have the plover
for a snack. Instead, it remains still, not closing its mouth until the plover leaves. How can this strange behavior be
explained? The answer is symbiosis. The plover picks out all the small pieces of meat stuck between the crocodile’s
teeth. In doing so, it cleans the crocodile’s teeth, which prevents it from getting infections. Because the crocodile can
not clean its own teeth, it depends on the plover to perform this service. In return, the crocodile provides an easy
meal for the plover.
In some cases of symbiosis, like the crocodile and the plover, each animal in the pair benefits from their relationship
in a different way. However, in other cases, the animals share a common goal. This is true of the honeyguide bird and
the ratel, a furry creature with short legs and long claws. Both these animals live on grasslands in Africa and have
an appetite for honey. As its name suggests, the honeyguide has a special ability for locating beehives. However,
this small bird cannot open a beehive to get at the honey. To accomplish this, it teams up with the ratel. Ratels are a
perfect match for the honeyguide as they love honey, are large enough to crack open a hive, but have no ability to
find hives themselves. The honeyguide flies over grasslands looking for
a hive. When it does spot a hive, it swoops down and makes a noise to
alert the ratel. The ratel uses its claws to tear open the hive. After eating
its fill, the ratel invites the honeyguide to finish the leftovers.
Another two animals that team up to compensate for their own
weaknesses are the zebra and the ostrich. These two animals often
travel together. This is no surprise since they are a perfect match. While
the giant, flightless ostrich has poor senses of both smell and hearing,
the zebra has acute senses of smell and hearing. On the other hand,
the zebra has terrible eyesight, while the ostrich has excellent eyesight,
enhanced by its long neck which enables the ostrich to see far into
the distance. In this way, each makes up for the other’s deficiencies. As a result, the animals are far safer together than
they would be apart. Ostriches can see predators, such as lions, far in the distance, while zebras can smell or hear
others as they approach.
Birds and land animals aren’t the only ones that work in symbiotic pairs. Some sea animals, like the clownfish and
the sea anemone, do as well. Sea anemones, which look like plants, are actually dangerous animals with poisonous
12
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8 Reading IV. The ostrich and the zebra

A. The ostrich has good eyesight and can spot
a With students’ books closed, write the title of the predators in the distance.
reading on the board: Animal Partners. Then ask the B. The zebra has good senses of smell and
Before Reading question: Do you think animals ever hearing for locating predators.
form partnerships to help one another? Discuss V. The clownfish and the anemone
this question as a class and elicit examples of animal A. The clownfish attracts prey into the anemone
partners from students. Students may have studied and cleans up scraps of food.
this in science.
B. The anemone provides a safe home and food
a Have students open their books to pages 12 and 13 for the clownfish.
and look at the photos. Ask: What animal partners a For additional vocabulary practice, have students refer
do you think this reading will discuss? (From the
back to the Vocabulary Building exercise on page 11.
photos, students can guess the zebra and the ostrich
Have students find and underline the words in the
and the clownfish and the anemone. They may not
text. Note that the word predators appears three times
know which animals partner with the crocodile and
in the text.
the ratel, or honeybadger.
a Call on students to explain in their own words how
| P
lay the audio for the entire reading. Have students
each word is used in the context of the reading.
listen with their books closed.
For example:
| P
lay the audio again. This time, have students listen
The zebra and the ostrich team up to compensate for
and follow along in their books.
their own weaknesses.
The ostrich and the zebra make up for each other’s
READING STRATEGY Outlining
deficiencies.
a Tell students that creating an outline of a reading is a The African crocodile is a fearsome animal.
helpful way to break down information in a scientific The benefits that symbiotic partners provide to each
text. This is a useful study tool when reading text for other are invaluable.
information. It is also helpful as a tool to review the
Animals work to keep themselves safe from predators. /
information later. Make copies of the structure of an
Ostriches can see predators from far away while zebras
outline, or draw the structure on the board. Work as
can smell them. / Predators of the clownfish stay away
a class to fill in the first section, based on the reading.
from the anemone’s tentacles.
Ask students to work individually, or with a partner to
complete the rest of the outline. The sample outline
below is completed for reference.
Animal Partners
I. Symbiosis
A. Symbiosis is a special relationship in which
animals depend on and benefit from one
another.
II. The African crocodile and the plover bird
A. The plover picks food out of the crocodile’s
mouth, preventing infection.
B. The crocodile gives the plover an easy meal.
III. The honeyguide bird and the ratel
A. The honeyguide locates the beehive.
B. The ratel tears open the hive to get the honey.
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16:01
1 1 Two
Two
Is Is Better
Better Than
Than One
One
After Reading
a Have students work in pairs to answer the questions, Additional Activity
referring back to the text as necessary to find the Make pattern puzzles with the outlines of the reading. Arrange
answers. students in groups. Have them choose an outline that one of the
a Call on pairs to read aloud the questions and answers.
group members created. Have them cut up the outline into strips
and mix them up. The groups exchange strips and organize the
Answers strips of paper back into a correctly ordered outline.
Answers will vary. Sample answers: Project: Trivia Game

1.
Symbiosis is a relationship in which two animals depend upon Have students work in groups to research other symbiotic
and benefit from one another. relationships in nature. Have each group create a Venn diagram
2.
The plover cleans the crocodile’s teeth, which prevents infection that explains what characteristics each animal has that helps
and provides a meal for the plover. the pair work together. Have groups prepare a poster including
3.
The honeyguide bird and the ratel help each other get honey. pictures or illustrations, and present their research to the class.
The honeyguide bird finds the hive, and the ratel tears it open.
4.
The zebra has bad eyesight, but good senses of smell and
hearing. The ostrich has poor senses of smell and hearing, but
good eyesight.
5.
The anemone provides a safe home for the clownfish and
leftover food. The clownfish attracts prey to the anemone,
cleans up food scraps and dead tentacles, and chases away fish
that eat the anemone.
9 Speaking
a Arrange students in pairs to discuss the question.
a Each student should answer and explain what friends
can offer each other.
a Have students copy the chart in the notebook and
write their ideas.
a Then form groups of four by putting two pairs
together.
a Have the pairs explain to each other their ideas about
the question.
a Open up the group discussions to a class discussion.
Ask groups to share their answers with the class.
The ancient Egyptians trained ostriches to pull carts.

However, the ostriches got tired quickly and often sat down,
refusing to go any farther.
facts
Workbook
Assign pages 6-7 for additional writing practice at word
and sentence level.
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tentacles. Most fish stay away from anemones to avoid being stung. However, the
clownfish makes its home among the sea anemones. It does not get stung because
its body is protected by a special coating. Living among the deadly tentacles of an
anemone has a clear advantage—most predators stay away! Another benefit for the
clownfish is that it is able to eat the anemone’s leftover bits of food. But what is the
advantage to the anemone? There are several. First, the brightly colored clownfish
attracts predators. When the clownfish swims under the anemone’s tentacles to
safety, if the predator follows, the anemone has the chance to sting and eat it. Other
services the clownfish performs are cleaning up food scraps and dead anemone
tentacles, and chasing away fish that might eat the anemone.
While many symbiotic pairs may at first look like odd partners, the benefits they provide one another are invaluable,
and may make the difference between life and death. In fact, it is often these animals’ very differences that make
them perfect partners.
After Reading
Answer the questions.
1. Explain the meaning of symbiosis.
2. In what way do the African crocodile and the plover have a symbiotic relationship?
3. Give an example of a case of symbiosis in which each animal has the same goal.
4. Name two animals that make up for each other’s deficiencies. How do they do this?
5. What benefits do the clownfish and anemone offer each other?
9 Speaking
1. Work in pairs/groups. Think about your relationship with a good friend.
What can you offer each other?
2. Complete the chart with your notes and use them to discuss in class.
What can you offer your How does it help What can your friend
How does it help you?
friend? your friend? offer you?
13
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10 Writing
A. 1. Do you think it is necessary for people to share the same characteristics in order to get along well
with each other? Why? Why not?
2. Read the text and find out.
• Who are the people involved?
• What kind of people are they? Underline words that provide information about each one.
• In your view, what are the characteristics that they share?
• What do you think might have happened if they both shared exactly the same characteristics
and attitude to life?
a. if they were both like the grandfather
b. if they were both like the grandmother
• Why did the writer choose to describe the particular incident? What do you think it portrays?
still worried
have everything planned just so and
T here is a
memory that
always makes
about things that could go wrong. She
everything to be perfect, sometimes
wanted
to an extreme.
cleanliness
me smile with Once, when she had gotten into her
got rid of genuine
contentment and frenzy, she called someone in and
had painstakingly
admiration, and antique furniture that grandfather
arranged in this
that is the memory collected over a number of years and
The re were fine,
of my maternal perfect replica of a drawing room.
ery on the seats
grandparents. elegant chairs with brocade upholst
some exquisite
and beautif ul tables, not to mention
My grandfather it into her head that
mirrors. Grandmother had gotten
was a dedicated d too much dust
it was all useless because it collecte
him from taking bidder for next to
law yer whose moral fiber prevented and decided to sell it off to the first
a profit! He
advantage of circumstances to make nothing.
rts and had the
was highly respected in Turkish cou When grandfather came home, he
opened the door
law specialist. He
reputation of being the most honest to the little drawing room to admire
his creation and
history, law, and
was genuinely interested in people, found an empty shell. He asked gra
ndm other where
when he was at
philosophy and was always reading everything was, and she ver y natura
lly informed
ne person I have
home. He was the calmest, most sere him that she’d gotten rid of it becaus
e it was a dust
never lost his
ever met. He never raised his voice, magnet. All he did was chuckle, and
then sat down at
always rationalize
temper, and had a special ability to the table to have his lunch!
st calamit y
things ever so smoothly that the wor the amazing
seemed like a slight twitch. Not hin g could make him This incident pretty much rounds up
der ful people. In
lose his sense and aura of peace. symbiosis bet ween these two won
, they obviously
the exact spite of their different characteristics
Grandmother, on the other hand, was complemented each other in a way
that only they
ked up about things
opposite. She used to get all wor could fully appreciate!
ies. She had to
and flustered over minor irregularit
3. Read the text again and find out.

• What is the topic of each paragraph? (What or who is the paragraph about?)
• Are all paragraphs about the same length? Why? Why not?
• What words/phrases describe the qualities of each person? Can you think of more?
• Which qualities are demonstrated through the incident?
14
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10 Writing
b. if they were like the grandmother, they would probably end
up annoying each other and causing a lot of stress
• Answers will vary/ possible sample answer
A • The writer chose to portray this incident because it provides
a Direct students to the photo and elicit what they see. a perfect example of symbiosis and a sense of priorities that is led
Ask questions like these to help them: by feelings and primary concern for the other person rather than
material possessions.
What kind of furniture can you see in the photo?
Who do you think it belongs to? a Call on a student to read directions for task 3. Stop
Do you know anyone who might like/have this and explain/ make sure students understand what
kind of room? is required. Elicit and provide an answer for each
a Organize students in groups. Read the directions for question/point for the class.
task 1. Give the groups some time, 5 to 10 minutes a Organize students in small groups or pairs and give
to discuss the question. Circulate and monitor them time to work on the questions. Remind them to
participation. make notes.
a Call on groups to report their ideas for the class. Ask a Have students work in small groups to identify the
students to find out how many students in class main features of the text. Remind them to assign
think it is necessary for people to share the same responsibilities to different members of the group and
characteristics in order to get along and how many make sure one student in each group is responsible
don’t think it’s necessary. Encourage them to move for taking notes that the group can use to present
round and ask students in different groups. their answers. Circulate and monitor participation.
a Read task 2 with the class. Play the audio and ask Help when necessary.
students to listen and follow in the text. Have them
highlight as many words as they can that provide Answers:
clues about each person or other information. • Paragraph 1: Introduce theme/topic/focus: grandparents
a Ask students to read the text silently and confirm or (There is)
find answers to the rest of the questions in task 2. • Paragraph 2: grandfather (My grandfather)
Have them compare answers with the rest of group. • Paragraph 3: grandmother / tendencies and impulsive actions
Remind them to make notes or assign the task to one (Grandmother)
or two members of the group, so they have a record • Paragraph 4: grandfather’s reaction (When grandfather)
when they report in class. • Paragraph 5: Conclusion/ writer’s point of view (This incident)
a Discuss the answers to the questions in class. Allow • Not all paragraphs are the same length because each
time for students to discuss their views on the last two paragraph serves to focus on a particular topic /purpose that can
bullet points. Hold a class discussion. be catered for through more or less in terms of length/ words/
sentences. So the length will vary depending on amount of
Answers: information, focus and intended effect. Sometimes a very brief
statement can imply more than a whole page.
• The writer’s maternal grandparents.
• See answer to 2 above with highlighted words and phrases
• Grandfather: dedicated lawyer, moral fiber, highly respected,
• Understanding, empathy, humor, lack of conflict, symbiotic
the most honest law specialist, genuinely interested in people,
attitude, caring.
history, law and philosophy, calmest, most serene person, never
raised his voice, never lost his temper, special ability to rationalize a Call on volunteers to present their answers to the
things smoothly (worst calamity reduced to a light twitch), sense of class.
aura and peace.
• Grandmother: get all worked up and flustered over minor
irregularities, everything planned just so, worried about things Additional Activity
that could go wrong, wanted everything perfect/to an extreme, Have students highlight the first word of each paragraph and
cleanliness frenzy anticipate what the paragraph is going to be about (topic/
• They don’t seem to share much aside from the fact that they theme). Allow them to read the next couple of words only.
complement each other / answers will vary Depending on the style of the text and the way information
• Answers will vary/ possible sample answers is structured, this can help them identify theme, read more
a. if they were both like the grandfather, they would probably effectively and raise awareness in terms of writing their own
forget to take care of practicalities and day to day issues texts.
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16:01
1 1 Two
Two
Is Is Better
Better Than
Than One
One
B them to compare their answers.

a Explain to students that they are going to write a first
a Tell students that they are going to write a descriptive
essay about friends and friendship. Ask them to think draft using their notes which will be commented on
of people they know who are good friends. and edited before re-drafting. Remind them that in
real life there are usually multiple drafts.
a Read directions 1 and 2 with the class.
a Have students write individually using their notes.
a Draw a Venn diagram on the board. Elicit examples
Then ask them to exchange and comment on/correct
of people who are good friends from the students
each other’s essays.
and write the characteristics in the diagram to
a Give them some time to rewrite their essays. Call
demonstrate how the students need to use the
diagram. on some students to read their essays in class. Then
circulate the rest of the essays in class so that students
a Organize students in pairs and direct them to the
read as many essays as possible. Encourage them
diagram in their books. Ask them to copy the diagram
to make a note of anything they find interesting, for
in their notebooks if they need more spaced to make
example a word or phrase, an expression and so on.
notes. Have them brainstorm and make notes on the
qualities/characteristics of each person. Point out that
the features they have in common can be placed in
the centre where circles overlap. Additional Activity
a Call on pairs to present their ideas for the class. Have Divide the class into two teams, one in favor of differences
the rest of the class listen and add to their notes or between people as a basis for a complementary relationship and
one against differences. Give the groups time to prepare their
comment. Point out that each pair or student will be
arguments before you begin.
writing about different people.
a Direct students to the Writing Corner. Read the first
point with the class and ask them to think about the
people they have chosen and suggest examples.
a Tell students that they are expected to express their Workbook
personal feelings and views about the people. Point
out the expressions listed in the fourth bullet and Assign page 8 for additional writing practice above word
encourage them to use such expressions to state their and sentence level.
own thoughts and opinions.
a Remind students to note-take, plan and use linking
devices to indicate similarity, contrast, consequence
etc. Ask them to find examples in the texts they have
already read in the unit. Let them work in pairs or
groups.
a Call on volunteers to report and check the examples in
class.
Examples: Grandmother, on the other hand , was …/
In spite of their differences …
a Have students discuss the meaning of each example,
e.g. to emphasize, to add to, to contrast, to provide
another option, to present a similarity, to present a
difference etc.
a Have students read the opening lines of the model
text about Rosa and Miriam and work in groups to
think of an alternative opening for the essay, and make
notes.
a After several minutes, call on one student from each
group to present their idea for the class. Tell students
to listen carefully as each group presents, and then ask
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B. 1. Think about two people you know who are good friends.
2. Using a Venn diagram, write the qualities you feel each person has. In the overlapping portion of
the diagram, write the qualities/characteristics that they share.
3. Write a short essay about the two friends, explaining how they complement each other.
Name Name
ct Friendship
Rosa and Miriam: A Perfe since
Ro sa an d he r be st fri en d Miriam have been friends they
My sister be toge ther, and others joke that
alw ay s se em to
elementary school. They erent…
personalities are quite diff
are twins. However, their
Writing Corner
When you write a descriptive essay about people’s qualities/characteristics:
• think about their positive and negative qualities, their needs and the things they offer, their
attitude to life, typical incidents, etc.
• express your personal feelings/views about the people.
• do not simply write a list of adjectives.
• vary the way you express thoughts, memories, and feelings; use expressions like these:
I think he/she is…, I have always felt that…, I regard him/her as…, He/She seems to…, He/She
tends to…, Anytime I think of…, I have never…, He/She is the most (adjective) person I have ever
known/met, etc.
• use linking devices that indicate similarity and contrast, cause and effect, consequence,
reason, etc.; use a variety of expressions and words like these: due to this…, although…, in
spite of…, while…, compared to…, because of…, as a result, both, etc.
• plan your essay carefully by deciding what/who you are going to focus on in different
sections/paragraphs.
• write a first draft, then read it and make corrections or write questions about things you are
not sure about.
• hand over the draft to someone else to read and edit; encourage him/her to write comments
and questions.
• read the comments and edit your essay.
15
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11 Form, Meaning and Function

Simple Present Tense
Use the simple present tense for facts and things that are true in general.
For animals in the wild, each day is a struggle to survive.
Use the simple present tense to talk about future timetables or schedules.
My flight from Dubai to Bahrain leaves at 08:10 tomorrow. I then fly to Saudi Arabia
and arrive in Riyadh at eleven o’clock.
Use the present simple with exclamations with Here…! and There…! :
Q: Can I have the check, please? A: Of course, Sir. Here you are! OPEN
SA
Q: Dad, can I borrow your cell phone, please? A: I suppose so. Here you go! 9 A. M T
Q: Where are my glasses? A: Ah! There they are!
.
CLOSE
Q: A: Here she comes! SA
6 P. M T
Where is Nathalie?
.
Simple Present versus Present Progressive
Use the simple present tense to talk about habits and routine, and use the present progressive for actions
occurring now or for a temporary situation.
Badr usually eats takeout, but today he is cooking dinner.
Use the present progressive for changing or developing situations.
More and more students are sharing apartments to save money while they study.
Use the present progressive with always, continually, constantly to describe an ongoing annoying situation or habit.
He is always asking his brother to lend him money.
Note: Some verbs are not often used in the progressive form: believe, think (opinion), know, remember, like, hate, want,
prefer, see, hear, feel, seem, appear, have, belong, own.
A. Read the telephone conversation between Badr and his brother, Fahad. Complete the conversation with the
correct form of the word in the parentheses. Use the simple present or present progressive.
Fahad: Hi Badr. How are (1. be) things in New York?
Badr: To tell you the truth, Fahad, not so good. It’s my flatmate, Adnan. I was really excited about us sharing a
flat but (2. not/do) any chores. One bathroom (3. be) spotless because
I (4. clean) it but the other one is very dirty. The rest of the apartment is very untidy.
He always
(5. leave) his dirty dishes around
the flat. I constantly
(6. clean up). We agreed to take
it in turns to do the laundry but he is always
busy. I (7. do) the laundry
every week. Also, about the cooking …
B. Complete the conversation with your own

ideas. Compare with a partner.
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11 Form, Meaning and A

Function a Ask students to read through the conversation and
ask: Why is Badr feeling unhappy?
a Tell students to complete the exercise alone and then
Simple Present Tense compare their answers in pairs.
a Write the following sentences on the board and
ask students to complete the information with an Answers
appropriate verb: 1. are 5. is (always) leaving
Ahmed and Ali ____ twins. Ahmed____fifteen years old 2. doesn’t do 6. am (constantly) cleaning up
and so ____ Ali. They ____ to the same school but they 3. is 7. do
____ in the same class. 4. clean
a Have students fill in the blanks. If they need help with
the verbs, write the following on the board: is (twice) / B
go/ are / aren’t a Brainstorm some other complaints that Badr might
a Go over the material in the presentation. Explain that have and write students’ ideas on the board. Ask: How
we use the simple present to talk about things that do you think Fahad will react?
are true in general and scheduled events (or future a Tell students to write four or five more lines and then
timetables). For example, compare their ideas with a partner.
On Mondays, Ahmed has math but Ali has English. a Call on volunteers to read out their conversations.
On Tuesdays, the twins play football after school.
Answers
Students’ own answers.
Language Builder
Explain the spelling rules for adding -s or -es to simple
present verbs used with he, she, and it.
Language Builder
1. For verbs ending in s, x, z, ch, and sh: add -es (relaxes). We often use frequency expressions with the present
2. For verbs do and go: add -es (does, goes). simple tense, such as: always, usually, often, rarely, never,
3. For verbs ending in a consonant + y: change the y to i every day, once a month, on weekends.
and add -es (studies). We use the present progressive to talk about temporary
4. For verbs ending in a vowel + y: add -s (enjoys). actions that are happening now. We often use time
expressions such as: right now, now, at the moment.
5. For all other verbs: add -s (designs, organizes).
Simple Present versus Present

Progressive
a Go over the material in the presentation for the
present progressive used for an action that is
happening now. Have students say things that they
are doing right now. Model a few possibilities. For
example: I’m standing at the front of the room. I’m
speaking English.
a Refer students to the note at the bottom of the chart
and remind them about the verbs not usually used in
the progressive form.
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16:01
1 1 Two
Two
Is Is Better
Better Than
Than One
One
Words Connected with Museums and 3. The museum is open for school groups from Sunday through
Thursday.
Galleries 4. The museum is free for students.
a Write the following words on the board: dinosaur, 5. A ticket for an adult costs SR10.
skeleton, rocks, fossils. Ask students: Where would you 6. The museum exhibits historical manuscripts.
find these objects on display? (Natural Science Museum)
a Ask students what other things they can see at D
museums and list them on the board in groups. Ask a Open a class discussion about well-known museums
students to identify what kind of museum they can or galleries in your city or country by displaying
view each group of objects. For example, Museum of website pages or brochures. Prompts to get a
Science and Technology, National History Museum discussion going could be: What kind of museum do
and so on. you like to go to and why? Which museums have you
a Refer students to the vocabulary chart in the visited? What did you see? What did you think of the
presentation in the Student Book. Ask students to museum?
work in pairs and add more words to each grouping. a Tell students to make some notes and then put them
into pairs and set a time limit for a discussion.
Expressing Enthusiasm with Intensifiers a Call on volunteers to report to the class on their
and Adjectives discussion.
a Explain to students that we use adverbs like very, quite, Answers

really and extremely to make adjectives stronger. These Students’ own answers.
adverbs are normally placed before the adjective. For
example,
Science is very interesting. Workbook
History is a really interesting subject. Assign pages 9-10 for more practice with the form,
The story is quite fascinating. meaning and function of the structures in the unit.
a Point out that when there is a singular noun, quite
goes before the article a/an or the. For example,
It is quite a fascinating story. Teaching Tip
a Go through the material in the book and ask students Limit the amount of time that you talk in the classroom. At
to read aloud the example lists. Call on volunteers to advanced levels, students should be doing most of the talking.
form example sentences of their own. Allow students to lead class discussions as much as possible
C
a Tell students to look at the information notice and to
read the prompts 1—6.
a Explain that they should first locate the answer in
the information notice. Then they should use the
information to write full sentences in their notebooks.
a Students check their answers with a partner. Call on
volunteers to read out their answers.
Answers
Answers will vary. Sample answers.
1. Visiting times for families are Sunday, Monday, Wednesday and
Friday from half past three in the afternoon until half past nine
in the evening.
2. Women can visit the museum on Tuesday mornings from nine
until three p.m.
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Words Connected with Museums and Galleries
Some words we commonly associate with different types of museums and galleries are:
Archaeological Technological National

history space antiques
culture robots manuscripts
antiques science documents
pottery seminars state-of-the-art
jewelry 3-D digital cinema showing informative exhibits
exhibitions scientific documentaries interactive displays
ruins educational books
Expressing Enthusiasm with Intensifiers and Adjectives

We use the intensifiers really, very, absolutely and quite with adjectives to express our enthusiasm with something.
There are two kinds of adjectives: gradable and non-gradable. Gradable adjectives can be measured in degrees, such
as size, age, quality etc. Non-gradable adjectives cannot be measured like this.
We use certain intensifiers with each group of adjectives.
Gradable Adjectives Non-Gradable Adjectives

expensive priceless
old ancient
beautiful stunning
very absolutely
important crucial
really really
good amazing
extremely quite
interesting fascinating
frightening terrifying
small tiny
big massive
Note: The intensifier really can be used with both gradable and non-gradable adjectives.
C. Look at the information about the National Museum of Saudi Arabia. Write sentences using the prompts.
Use the present simple tense.
Address: Street King Saud Rd, Riyadh

Prices: adult/child/student SR10/free/free
Opening hours: men & schools 9am-noon Sun, Mon, Wed, Thu & 3.30-9.30pm Tue,
women & schools 9am-noon Tue,
families 3.30-9.30pm Sun, Mon & Wed-Fri
Exhibits: manuscripts, documents, antiques
1. visiting times for families 4. ticket cost for students

2. visiting times for women 5. ticket cost for adult
3. visiting times for school groups 6. exhibits and attractions
D. Make some notes about your favorite museum or gallery. Work with a partner and using your notes,
tell your partner about it. Use the present simple tense, intensifiers and adjectives.
17
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12 Project
1. Find out how members of a certain team in your country share a symbiotic relationship and depend on
each other to reach a shared goal.
• Note that some people offer a service and have clients pay for that service, for example a store owner
and a customer. This is NOT a symbiotic relationship. A symbiotic relationship is when two or more
individuals depend on each other, such as teams. There are teams in sports, business, medicine, etc.
2. Write the information in the chart below and use it to make a PowerPoint presentation for your class.
3. Try to find appropriate pictures for your presentation.
4. Present in class. Allow at least 5 minutes for questions afterward.
Team or group
Field (business, sports, education,

family, etc.)
Members of team/group
Role/contribution of each
member
Benefit for other member(s)

of the team
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12
a Set a time limit for each presentation and remind
Project learners to rehearse in each group before doing the
actual presentation for the class.
a Direct students to the photos at the top of the page
and ask them to discuss what they see in pairs. Call on
volunteers to report their ideas for the class.
Additional Activity
a Read directions for task 1 with the class. Ask students Have students consider the way they function as groups/
to discuss options for teams whose members share teams. Ask them to analyze and describe the roles of different
a symbiotic relationship. Direct students to the note. individuals, and how their contribution affects the group’s
Elicit other areas of business, science, the arts etc. that performance.
foster the development and function of symbiosis.
a Organize students in groups and give them time
to discuss and decide the type of team or group
that they would like to research and present. Tell
them to think of their audience, i.e. the rest of the
class as they decide. Their presentation needs to be
addressed to their audience in terms of content and
manner, so choosing to present a group or team that
their classmates are not likely to find interesting is
not a good idea as it will make the task even more
demanding. Remind students to make notes as they
discuss.
a Call on students from different groups to report their
group ideas, comments and suggestions. Write the
group suggestions/choices on the board.
a Have students brainstorm on the group or team. Ask
questions like these:
Who are they? What do they do? How is the team/
group formed?
What kind of roles/tasks need to be catered for?
What kind of skills are necessary?
How do different team/ group members
contribute to the performance of the team/
group?
Are they popular? Why? Why not?
How much do people know about them? What are
they likely to want to know?
a Direct students to questions 2 and 3, study the chart
and have them discuss in their groups. Allow groups
time to gather information from each other and make
notes in the chart.
a Remind them to assign roles/responsibilities to
individuals in the group depending on their skills and
abilities, including note-taking. Circulate and monitor
participation. Tell them to analyze the duties/roles of
the team or group that they have chosen to work on.
a Have students outline the stages that they will have to
go through to prepare a Power Point presentation.
a Give them some time to plan and assign tasks to
members of the group.
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16:01
1 1 Two
Two
Is Is Better
Better Than
Than One
One
13
Is it necessary for people to have the same skills and
Self Reflection activities in order to share space? Why? Why not?
When would you say “not my cup of tea”?
a Divide students into groups and have them Is ‘on the same wavelength’ a radio term or is it used
brainstorm on symbiosis/ Two is Better Than One. more broadly?
Write some questions on the board to help them, for
a Write Animal Partners on the board and brainstorm on
example:
language and information that students remember.
What was the main focus of the unit? Which
a Organize students in pairs and ask them to answer as
aspect of symbiosis did it focus on? Which activity
do you remember more clearly? Why? quickly as they can to questions like these:
Which words and phrases do you remember? What would you think if you saw a small bird flying
Which part of the unit did you dislike? Why? Did near the head and mouth of a crocodile?
you like any part of the unit? Which? What is a ratel? How do ratels and honeyguides
What do you feel you can do better now? benefit each other?
a a Have students discuss what they liked and/or disliked
Call upon a student from each group to report what
the group decisions were. and what they found difficult or easy. Ask them to make
notes in the Self Reflection chart.
a Have groups compare their findings and make notes.
a Follow a similar procedure with 10 Writing. Use questions
a Have students scan pages 6 and 7. Ask them to think
like these:
about things they liked and things they disliked about
What is the difference between similar qualities and
this part of the unit. Use questions to help them
complementary qualities?
remember. For example:
What is the meaning of ‘serene’?
What are Pierre and Marie Curie famous for?
Do you find it easier to get along with quieter or
Where were they born? Where did they work?
noisier and more outgoing people? Why?
Which prize did they win? Were they wealthy?
a Have students complete their Self Reflection charts as
Why? Why not?
before about likes, dislikes and things they found easy or
a Give students time to make notes about likes and
difficult.
dislikes and easy or difficult items in the section.
a Direct students to the 12 Project page and hold a
a Before directing students to pages 8, 9, ask them to
discussion about what they found more or less useful and
complete the following sentences :
more or less interesting. Hold a class discussion about the
Complete the following sentences with other, others
project task of the unit. Ask students to use the criteria
or another
below, for example, did the task foster personalization and
Some people prefer to spend summer by the sea;
natural language use?
__________ choose to go to the mountains.
Personalization
We’ll need to consider ____________ alternative
Creativity
Use the emphatic Do
Natural language use
I tell you we _____ try to call you several times but
Focus on meaning
your phone was engaged.
Research/ collecting information
a Have students work in pairs to discuss the questions. Using other knowledge
Ask them to compare with other students in class.
a Have students fill out the checklist alone and write their
a Discuss the grammar of the unit with the class. five favorite words.
a Have students make notes in the Self Reflection chart. a Discuss areas that students feel they need more work on
Ask them to focus on likes, dislikes and easy or difficult and make suggestions.
items.
a Direct students to pages 10, 11 and ask them to say
if the conversation was realistic, interesting, useful or
boring.
a Have students say what they remember from pages
10 and 11 and make notes in the chart. Use questions
like these:
Is it easy for people to share accommodation?
Why? Why not?
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13 Self Reflection
Things that I liked about Unit 1: Things that I didn’t like very much:
Things that I found easy in Unit 1: Things that I found difficult in Unit 1:
I can do this I can do this I need to study/

Unit 1 Checklist very well. quite well. practice more.
talk about famous marriages in history
discuss how people/animals can help each other
negotiate
use other, others, and another
use emphatic do
use the simple present for future timetables or schedules
use the present progressive
talk about museums and galleries
express enthusiasm using intensifiers and adjectives
If you’re still not sure about something

My five favorite new words from Unit 1: from Unit 1:
• read through the unit again

• listen to the audio material
• study the grammar and functions
from the unit again
• ask your teacher for help
19
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2 Rags to Riches
1. Talk about a person who went from not having much money to being wealthy.
2. What qualities do you think a person needs to excel in life and be successful?
$
AMANCIO ORTEGA
Worth: $31 billion Industry: Retail Clothing Country of Citizenship: Spain
Amancio Ortega is the founder and chairman of a company that owns many
stores, including the enormously popular international clothing store, Zara. Now
Spain’s richest man, Ortega is the son of a railroad worker, and had no formal higher
education. When Ortega was 13, he worked as a delivery boy for a shirtmaker and
later became the manager of a clothing store. He began making clothing in his
living room and selling it to local stores. Ortega had an ability to predict what styles
were going to be popular and to create these styles with inexpensive materials.
In 1975, Ortega opened his first Zara store. Zara gained a reputation for selling
designer fashions at reasonable prices. Today Ortega’s company has more than
4,000 stores in 71 countries.
$
MOHAMMAD ABDUL LATIF JAMEEL
Worth: $5.1 billion Industry: Business Country of Citizenship: Saudi Arabia
A great philanthropist and prominent businessman, Mohammad Abdul
Latif Jameel, president of ALJ, runs one of the world’s largest car dealerships,
with operations in the Middle East, UK, Central Asia and China. A leading
figure in corporate social responsibility, he has created a series of initiatives
against poverty and has contributed greatly to the government’s Saudization
program in the Kingdom, by promoting thousands of jobs every year through
the ALJ Community Services Programs. Abdul Latif Jameel is an MIT alumnus,
member of the board of trustees and dedicated supporter of the Abdul Latif
Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). He has been named “Saudi Volunteer of
the Year” for 2012, in recognition of the services offered by ALJCI in Saudi
Arabia and the rest of the Arab world.
$
LI KA-SHING
Worth: $26.5 billion Industry: Business Country of Citizenship: China
Li was born into an impoverished family in China in 1928. When he was 15, his
father died, forcing Li to leave high school so that he could work to support
his family. He took a job in a plastics company, where he would work 16 hours
a day. At this company, Li used to assemble plastic flowers. By 1950, Li had
started his own plastics manufacturing company. His company prospered,
which led Li to expand his business into many different fields.
However, his successes are not all monetary. Li Ka-shing has a reputation
for being honest and generous. In fact, he is one of Asia’s most prominent
philanthropists, and has announced plans to donate one-third of his wealth
to charity.
20
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2 Rags to Riches

Unit Goals a Have students open their books to pages 20 and 21
and look at the photos. Ask: Do you recognize any
Vocabulary Listening of these people? Ask a few students to say what they
Economics Listen for sequence already know about Amancio Ortega, Mohammed
Forms of money Abdul Latif Jameel, Li Ka-shing, and Steven Paul Jobs.
Industries Pronunciation Point out the headings under each person’s name:
Past tense endings: worth, industry, and country of citizenship. Ask:
Functions /t/, /d/, and /əd/ What does worth mean? (This refers to how much
Talk about fame money the person is estimated to have. The amounts
and fortune Reading are given here in U.S. dollars.) What does industry
Sheikh Sulaiman bin
Discuss options refer to? (This is the business or career in which the
Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhi
person made their money.) Point out that country of
Grammar Writing citizenship does not necessarily refer to the place that
Used To versus
Write a biographical essay a person was born, but to the place where the person
Be Used To is a current citizen.
Would for Repeated Form, Meaning and
Action in the Past

Function
| Play the audio for each person’s story. Have students
listen and follow along in their books.
versus Used To Present Perfect Simple
a Stop the recording after each person’s story and
Was Going To (Future in versus Past Simple
the Past) ask a few questions to check students’ general
comprehension. For example, ask:
(Amancio Ortega)
What kinds of stores does Amancio Ortega own?
Warm Up
(clothing stores) Where are his stores located? (in 71
a With students’ books closed, write the title of Unit 2 on countries, or all over the world)
the board: Rags to Riches. Ask: What does this phrase ( Mohammed Abdul Latif Jameel )
mean? Elicit or explain that this expression refers to What kind of company does he run? (one of the
any situation where a person goes from being poor world’s largest car dealerships, with operations in
(and wearing rags for clothes) to being rich. the Middle East, UK, Central Asia and China) How
a With books still closed, discuss the first introductory did he contribute to the government’s Saudization
question on page 20. Call on a few students to tell any program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? (by
rags to riches stories that they know about famous offering and creating thousands of jobs every year
people or people they know personally. through the ALJ Community Services Programs)
a Arrange students in small groups to discuss the
(Li Ka-shing)
second introductory question: What qualities do
What kind of business did Li Ka-shing start out in?
you think a person needs to make a fortune? Have
(plastics) What else is he known for? (being honest,
students make a list. Assign one student in each
generous, and a philanthropist)
group the role of reporter. When groups are finished,
call on the reporters to read their lists aloud. Compile (Steven Paul Jobs)
a list of qualities on the board. Discuss any new What was Steven Paul Jobs most famous for? (he
vocabulary with the class. co-founded Apple with Steve Wozniak) Why had
he resigned from Apple? (He had resigned over an
argument with the board of directors in 1984.)
| Play the audio again. Have students listen and follow

along in their books in preparation for the Quick
Check exercises.
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16:01
2 Rags to Riches
Quick Check
2 Pair Work
$
A
a Focus students’ attention on the vocabulary words
Ask a volunteer to read the directions aloud.
a
in the box. Have them work individually to find and a Arrange students in pairs.
underline each of the words in the rags to riches a Make sure students know that they must choose one
stories. Tell them to study how the words are used in of the people from pages 20 and 21 to role-play with a
context in order to guess the meaning. reporter. Students should use their knowledge of the
a Have students work individually to complete the person’s life as much as possible. However, they can
sentences with the correct words, and then compare make up answers to questions that they don’t know
answers with a partner. the real answers to. When students switch roles, have
a To check answers as a class, call on volunteers to read
them choose a different person to interview.
aloud their completed sentences. a Have the reporters jot down questions to ask in
preparation for the interview as well as the answers
Answers they receive.
a Call on a few pairs to role-play their interviews for
1. excelled
the class.
2. reputation
3. prominent
4. impoverished Workbook
5. philanthropist
Assign page 11 for practice with the vocabulary of the unit.
B
a Have students work individually to answer the
questions, referring back to the stories as necessary.
Then have students compare answers with a partner.
Teaching Tip
Listening to the audio recording of the Listen and Discuss
a Check answers by calling on pairs to read aloud the
sections is a valuable activity for students. It gives students the
questions and answers. opportunity to listen to native speakers for correct pronunciation
of vocabulary and intonation of sentences. Encourage students
Answers to read along aloud with the audio, mimicking the speaker’s
Answers will vary. Sample answers: rhythm, intonation, and pronunciation.
1. It sold designer fashions at a reasonable price. Additional Activity
2.
In recognition of the services offered by ALJCI in Saudi Arabia Activity 1: Have students calculate the net worth of each of
and the rest of the Arab world. the people on pages 20 and 21 in their own currency. Discuss
3. By offering thousands of job opportunities on an annual basis. the kinds of things that people can do and buy with this amount
4.
He was poor and had to leave high school when his father died of money in their country.
to help support his family. Activity 2: For additional vocabulary practice, have students
5.
Although he dropped out of college, he co-founded Apple, and create a word family chart for each of the vocabulary words from
developed and marketed personal computers. Quick Check A as they did in Unit 1. Ask them to try to guess the
6.
Whereas he argued and resigned from Apple, Jobs was brought word forms before checking with a dictionary.
back and became Apple’s CEO. Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
excellence excel excellent excellently
prominence X prominent prominently
impoverishment impoverish impoverished X
philanthropist X philanthropic philanthropically
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MG_0
$
STEVEN PAUL JOBS (1955-2011)
Worth: $8.3 billion Industry: Computer Design Country of Citizenship: U.S.
Steven Paul Jobs was born in 1955 and adopted into a working class family.
He grew up in what later became Silicon Valley. He dropped out of college
because he could not afford to pay his tuition. In the late 70s, he co-founded
Apple with Steve Wozniak and others, and proceeded to develop and market
the first successful lines of personal computers. He eventually resigned from
Apple over an argument with the board of directors in 1984, and founded
NeXT. Apple’s buyout of NeXT, in 1997, brought Jobs back to Apple as its CEO.
He was the largest individual shareholder of The Walt Disney Company and
a member of the board. Jobs was admired by many for his entrepreneurial
skills, his foresight, and his ability to create and support products that were
both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
excelled philanthropist reputation
impoverished prominent
1. Not only was Jake an excellent student in high school, but he ______ in
sports as well.
2. He has a ______ for being one of the greatest doctors in the field of neurosurgery.
3. My professor is a ______ economist who is often quoted in magazines.
4. The charity I donate to helps to build schools in ______ areas.
5. Businessman and ______ Sulaiman Al-Rajhi gives millions of dollars to charities
each year.
B. Comprehension. Answer the questions.

1. Why was Zara successful?
2. Why was Abdul Latif Jameel named “Saudi Volunteer of the Year”?
3. How has Abdul Lateef Jameel contributed to the Saudization program in Saudi
Arabia?
4. What challenges did Li Ka-shing face early in life?
5. What did Steven Jobs do in his teens that demonstrated his determination,
entrepreneurial skills, and foresight?
6. Which event, in your view, must have given Jobs a great sense of satisfaction and
self-worth?
2 Pair Work
Role-play with a partner. Choose a person from one of the Rags to Riches stories. You play
this person, and your partner plays a reporter who interviews you. Then switch roles.
21
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2 Rags to Riches
3 Grammar
Used To versus Be Used To
Used to + the base form of a verb is used to talk about an activity that was repeated habitually in the past,
but which is not done now.
He used to live in a mansion. But he lost all his money and now he lives in a small apartment.
She didn’t use to care about money. But now she’s become very materialistic.
Note: For the negative, use didn’t use to (omit the -d).
Be used to + gerund or noun is used to talk about something that has become familiar or habitual.
Some people think it’s crazy that he works seven days a week. But he is used to it.
Although she is a millionaire now, she isn’t used to shopping in expensive stores.
Note: For the negative, use be + not + used to (do not omit the -d).
Would for Repeated Action in the Past versus Used To

Would can be used to talk about an action that happened regularly in the past. Used this way, would means
the same thing as used to.
When I was a child, I would dream of being a millionaire. = When I was a child, I used to dream of being a
millionaire.
Note: Only used to (not would) can be used to talk about a situation that was true (without habitual action)
in the past.
He used to live at home until he got a job. (Correct)
He would live at home until he got a job. (Incorrect)
Was/Were Going To (Future in the Past)

Was/Were + going to + the base form of a verb is used to talk about a prediction for the future made in the
past, or a past plan that was not carried out.
I knew that company was going to be a great success.
He was going to spend the money, but he decided to invest it in the stock market instead.
A. Complete the sentences with either use(d) to or be used to. Use the negative in some cases.
1. We ______ eat at all the best restaurants, but then we started saving more money.
2. She’s from Costa Rica, so she ______ warm weather all year round.
3. The bed in my first apartment was so uncomfortable that I ______ sleep on the couch.
4. Marco ______ live with his whole extended family.
5. Even though he loves his apartment, he ______ living alone.
6. We ______ swim in that pond, but now it’s too polluted.
7. He likes his new job, but he ______ wearing a suit and tie.
8. She had always excelled in English, so she ______ receiving poor grades.
22
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2 Rags to Riches
3 Grammar Was/Were Going To (Future in the Past)

a Read the explanation with the class. Have a student
a Note: Rather than presenting the grammar chart all at read aloud the two examples. Point out that each
once, it may be helpful to practice only one grammar of the examples shows a different meaning of was
point at a time. Present Used To versus Be Used To first, going to.
and have students practice this point in exercise A. I knew that the company was going to be a great success
Then present Would for Repeated Action in the Past is an example of a prediction made in the past.
versus Used To, and have students complete exercise
He was going to spend the money, but he decided to
B. Finally, present the structure Was/Were Going To,
invest it in the stock market instead is an example of a
and have students do exercise C. Exercise D practices
past plan that was not carried out.
all of the grammar points presented in this unit.
a Elicit examples from students of sentences that
convey each meaning.
Used To versus Be Used To
a Direct students to exercise C for practice.
a Read aloud the explanation and example sentences.
Have students read aloud the example sentences. A
Give a few examples of things that you used to do, a Read the directions aloud, and do the first two
and write them on the board. For example: I used to sentences together as examples.
go to bed late at night, but now I go to bed early. Or a Have students work individually to complete the rest
I used to read a lot, but now I don’t have time. of the exercise, and then check their answers with
a Contrast these examples with sentences about things a partner.
you are used to doing. For example: I am used to a To check answers as a class, call on volunteers to
getting up early. I always get up at 6. Or I am used to write the completed sentences on the board. Check
walking to work. I don’t have a car. the sentences for the correct forms of used to and
a Make sure that students understand the difference in be used to.
meaning. Elicit additional examples of each use from
the class. Answers
a Direct students to exercise A for practice. Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. used to 5. is not used to
Would for Repeated Action in the Past 2. is used to 6. used to
versus Used To 3. used to 7. is not used to
a Read aloud the explanation and examples. Write the 4. used to 8. wasn’t used to
following sentences on the board:
Ahmed used to walk to work before he had a car.
I used to live in a small house.
Ask: In which of these sentences can you substitute
would for used to? (the first sentence) Why? (Ahmed
used to walk to work tells about a habitual action in the
past. I used to live in a small house tells about a fact, not
a habitual action.)
a Elicit examples from students that use would for
repeated action in the past. After each student gives a
sentence, ask the class if the sentence was correct.
a Direct students to exercise B for practice.
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16:01
2 2 Rags
Rags
toto Riches
Riches
Answers
B
a Have a student read aloud the directions and the Answers will vary. Sample answers:
example sentence. Write on the board: When I was a 1.
We were going to watch a film tonight, but we were too tired.
child, I would help my mother with the cooking. Ask: 2. He was going to pay for dinner, but he lost his credit card.
Is this sentence correct? (Yes. It has the same meaning 3. I was going to ask you to go out tonight, but you weren’t home.
as the example sentence in the book.) 4.
She was going to attend that university, but she didn’t
a Say: When I was a child, I didn’t cook. What sentence get accepted.
should I write? Elicit and write on the board: When 5. We were going to drive the new car, but we were too nervous.
I was a child, I didn’t use to help my mother with 6. He was going to run in the race, but he didn’t feel well.
the cooking.
a Have students work individually to use the phrases in
D
sentences that were true about their own childhood. Have a student read aloud the directions. Write on
a
a To check answers, have students each write one the board: When Ming was younger, his life was very
completed sentence on the board. For each sentence different. Have students copy this sentence down,
ask the class for additional correct responses. explaining that it will be the first sentence of all of
their paragraphs.
Answers a Have students work individually to write their
paragraphs and then compare them with a partner.
1.
When I was young, I always used to go barefoot in the summer. Answers
2. When I was little, I would play with my friends for hours.
Answers will vary.
3. I didn’t use to like candies when I was a child.
4.
When we used to go to the beach, we would build castles in
the sand. Workbook
5. I used to have a favorite English teacher named Mr. Lincoln.
6. When I was younger, I didn’t use to help with the chores. Assign pages 12–14 for practice with the grammar of
the unit.
7. When I was little, I used to hate going to bed early.
8.
When my brother and I were young, we would make up funny
stories.
Teaching Tip
C When practicing grammar, allow students to make mistakes
a Have a student read aloud the directions and the when speaking and writing on the board. Mistakes provide the
example sentence. Ask: What meaning of was going best teaching opportunities for the whole class to learn from.
to does this sentence show? (a past plan that was
not carried out) Point out that all of these sentences Additional Activity
will be about a past plan that was not carried out. Do a chain sentence activity with was/were going to. Start the
Students can see this from the use of the word but. chain by saying Yesterday, I was going to clean my house,
a Have students work individually to complete the
but I watched a film on TV instead. Go around the room,
eliciting a sentence from each student about what he or she was
sentences and then compare answers with a partner.
going to do yesterday.
a Since answers will vary, call on a few students for each
item to share their completed sentence with the class.
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B. Use the phrases to write sentences about your own childhood, including
either would or (didn’t) used to. In some cases, both are possible.
help my mother with the cooking
When I was a child, I used to help my mother with the cooking.
1. go barefoot in the summer 5. have a favorite teacher
2. play with my friends for hours 6. help with the chores
3. like candy 7. hate going to bed
4. build castles in the sand 8. make up funny stories
C. Complete the first part of the sentences. Use was/were going to and your own ideas.
. . . but then I found a better one.
I was going to take the first job I was offered, but then I found a better one.
1. . . . but we were too tired. 4. . . . but he didn’t get accepted.
2. . . . but he lost his credit card. 5. . . . but we were too nervous.
3. . . . but you weren’t home. 6. . . . but she didn’t feel well.
D. Look at the pictures. Complete the paragraph about how Ming’s life has changed since he became
wealthy. Use used to, be used to, would, and was going to.
When Ming was younger, his life was very different . . .
Ming, 10 years ago Ming, now
23
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2 Rags to Riches
4 Conversation
Ahmed: My parents gave me SR 30,000 for graduation.
Ibrahim: Wow! What are you going to do with all that cash?
Ahmed: I don’t know. I’m going around in circles about it, driving myself
and everyone else crazy. At first I was going to do something
really indulgent with it, like take a vacation. I was ready to book
it, but then I got cold feet.
Ibrahim: Why? I think a vacation sounds like a great idea. You’ve
worked really hard for four years. You deserve a break.
Ahmed: That’s true. But, on the other hand, I don’t want to spend all that
money on something that will be over in a week. So, then I was
thinking of buying something useful, like a used car.
Ibrahim: That’s a good idea.
Ahmed: Yeah. It would be a great convenience to have a car. But, at
the same time, I’m used to taking public transportation, and I
really don’t mind it. Frankly, I can’t think of anything that I really
need. So maybe I should put the money aside for a rainy day.
Ibrahim: Well, yes, I suppose the alternative would be to just put it in the
bank until you need it.
Ahmed: Right. But then again, what’s the point of having money if
you’re not enjoying it? Maybe I should do something indulgent
with it—like take that vacation.
Ibrahim: Now I see how you’re driving everyone crazy!
Real Talk
cash = money
go (around) in circles = to think through many possibilities over and over without coming to a decision
drive someone crazy = greatly annoy or irritate
get cold feet = to decide not to do something because you are too scared or nervous
don’t mind = not annoyed or bothered by
put (something) aside for a rainy day = to reserve something, usually money, for a future need
About the Conversation

1. What options is Ahmed considering?
Discussing Options
2. How is he driving people crazy?
At the same time,…
3. What do you think he’ll do with the money? Why?
But then again,…
I could always…
Your Turn On the other hand,…
Role-play with a partner. Discuss a choice that one of The alternative would be to…
you has to make. The choice can be real or made-up. What would you think about…?
Use phrases for discussing options.
24
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2 Rags to Riches
4 Conversation Are you the kind of person who spends your money
or puts it aside for a rainy day?
a With students’ books closed, say and write on the
(I like to put my money aside for a rainy day. You never
know when you might need it!)
board: You won SAR 30,000! (Or write an equivalent
amount of money in the students’ currency.) Ask: a Have a student ask you each question. Give an honest
What will you do with it? Elicit answers from a answer to each as an example. (See possible answers
few students. above in parentheses.)
a Tell students to open their books to page 24 and look a Arrange students in pairs. Have pairs practice the
at the photos. Ask: What is the young man thinking words and phrases by asking and answering the
about? (He is deciding whether to spend his money questions on the board.
on a car or a vacation.) a Have students practice the conversation with a
partner. Then they switch roles and practice again.
| Play the audio of the conversation. Have students
just listen.
| Play the audio again. This time, have students listen About the Conversation
and read along in their books. a Have students work in pairs and take turns asking and
answering the questions.
Real Talk a Call on pairs to read aloud the questions and answers.
a Draw students’ attention to the Real Talk box. Point Since answers will vary for number three, have a few
out that the words in this box are highlighted in students give their answers.
blue in the conversation. Explain that these are
usually idiomatic or slang words and expressions that Answers
students may not be able to find in their dictionaries. Answers will vary. Sample answers:
They are defined here. Note that all of the words 1.
He is considering buying a car, going on vacation, and putting
and phrases in this Real Talk are acceptable for use in the money in the bank.
formal conversation. 2. He can’t make up his mind.
a Model the words and phrases for students to repeat. 3. I think he will buy a used car, because that is what I would do.
a Write the following questions on the board:
How much cash do you usually carry with you? Your Turn
(I only carry the amount of cash that I need to buy
a Call on a student to read the directions aloud.
lunch for the day. I bring my checkbook or ATM card if
I need more money.) a Direct students’ attention to the box. Explain that
these phrases are used to talk about possible
Have you ever had to make a decision that you went
options. Ask: Which of these phrases are used in the
around in circles about?
conversation? (At the same time…, But then again…,
(I went around in circles about what to buy my
On the other hand…, The alternative would be to…)
brother for his graduation. I just didn’t know what he
would like.) a As a class, brainstorm a few ideas for students’
conversation. Write some possible ideas on the board,
What is something that drives you crazy?
for example:
(It drives me crazy when people talk on their cell
phones when waiting in line to pay at stores. I think it Choose what to do this weekend.
is rude.) Choose where to go on vacation.
Have you ever gotten cold feet? Choose what schools to apply to.
(Once while skiing I was going to ski down a Choose what jobs to apply for.
difficult trail, but I got cold feet and took the easy
way down instead.)
What is something you don’t mind doing that others
don’t like to do?
(I don’t mind doing laundry. Although many people
don’t like it, I think it is relaxing.)
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5 Listening bank account is converted to a digital code, which can be used

to make purchases. While digital cash is very new, it is expected
to become common in the years ahead.
a Have a student read aloud the directions. Give
students time to look at the list of the forms of
money to help them know what information they
will listen for.
6 Pronunciation
| Play the audio once for students to just listen. | Play the audio for the explanation while students
| Play the audio a second time for students to write read along in their books.
the dates. Then have them order the forms of money. | Play the rest of the audio for students to listen and
You may want to pause the audio periodically. repeat the sentences.
| Play the audio a final time for students to check their
answers.
Answers
A
cowrie shells 1200 b.c.e.
paper money 800 c.e.
Read the directions with the class. Have students work
a
individually to match each word with its meaning.
bartering 9000 b.c.e.
electronic money today Answers
inexpensive metal coins 1000 b.c.e. 1. a 2. g 3. e 4. b 5. h 6. d 7. f 8. c
coins made of valuable metals 500 b.c.e.
B
| Audioscript Have students compare answers with a partner.
a
The first way in which goods were bought was not with money.
Instead, people used to trade something of value that they
possessed for something they needed. The most common
Workbook
things to trade with were cattle and crops, like corn and wheat. Assign page 15 for additional reading practice.
So, for example, if you were a farmer, you might trade your corn
with a butcher for meat. The butcher might trade his meat with
a shoemaker for shoes. This kind of trade was called bartering.
Bartering began as far back as 9000 b.c.e.
However, there was a problem with bartering. What if someone
had something to trade but no one wanted or needed it? Or
what if people could not agree on what was a fair trade? To
Teaching Tip
solve this problem, the first kind of money came about around Before a listening activity, make sure students know their purpose
1200 b.c.e. in China, where people would use special shells called for listening. Make it clear what information they need to listen
cowrie shells to purchase goods. These shells were the most for and how many times they will listen. This will help them to
widely and longest used form of money in history. In some parts focus their listening and complete the task successfully.
of Africa these shells were used until the middle of the 1900s.
The earliest metal coins were produced in China around 1000 b.c.e. Additional Activity
The coins were made out of an inexpensive metal and had holes Do an ABC Brainstorm about money. Students go around the
in them so that they could be put together to make a chain. The room, saying a word or phrase that is related to money that
earliest coins made of valuable metals were silver coins produced begins with the consecutive letters of the alphabet. For example:
in Turkey around 500 b.c.e. Coins made of silver, bronze, and gold add up, barter, cash, debt, etc.
were soon being used by the Greeks, Romans, and Persians. By
800 c.e., the first paper money had appeared in China. This form of
money eventually became common around the world.
At one point, people probably thought cowrie shells were going
to be used forever. That’s what many of us think about coins and The bill of the largest denomination ever was the one milliard
paper money now. But money is likely to continue to change. Hungarian Pengõ (100,000,000,000,000,000,000), which
In fact, a new kind of money is already being exchanged over was printed in 1946. It was worth about $0.20 at that time.
the Internet. This money, called electronic money or digital cash,
functions like real cash, except it’s not on paper. The money in a
facts
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5 Listening
Listen to the lecture about the history of money.
Write the date by each form of money. Then number
the forms of money in the order they were used.
2
cowrie shells
1200 b.c.e.
inexpensive coins made of

paper money bartering electronic money metal coins valuable metals
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
6 Pronunciation
In English, the past tense ending -ed has three different pronunciations.
For verbs that end in the sounds p, k, f, s, ch, or sh, pronounce the ending /t/ as in worked.
For verbs that end in vowel sounds or b, g, v, z, zh, th, j, m, n, ng, l, r, pronounce the ending /d/ as in opened.
For verbs that end in the sounds d or t, pronounce the ending /ɪd/ as in wanted.
Listen and practice.
1. They traded something of value that they possessed for something they needed.
2. What if no one wanted or needed it?
3. The first coins were produced in China, and the first paper money appeared in China.
4. Money called digital cash is already being exchanged over the Internet.
A. You will see the following words in the reading on pages 26 and 27. Match the words with their meanings.
1. ____ renowned a. known, respected and admired
2. ____ comply with b. to put into practice, to make changes
3. ____ hurdle c. things of value that are owned by a person, or organization
4. ____ implement d. amount of money that is given as income to an organization, group,
charity, project
5. ____ founder e. an obstacle, a problem or difficulty
6. ____ endowment f. strong disagreement or argument
7. ____ dispute g. be in accordance/agreement with, obey
8. ____ assets h. the person or people that establish an organization or company
25
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8 Reading
Before Reading
What do you know about Sheik Suleiman Al-Rajhi?
What do you think matters to him most?
Sheikh Sulaiman
bin Abdul-Aziz
Al-Rajhi
Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhi, the world-renowned philanthropist and winner of the 2012 King Faisal
International Prize for Service to Islam, has not always been a billionaire.
Born in 1920, he spent his youth in Al-Qassim where he and his brother Saleh began their business, changing
money for pilgrims, on their way to the cities of Makkah and Madinah.
Their business expanded in the 1970s during the oil boom in Saudi Arabia. The Al-Rajhi brothers helped migrant
workers from Indonesia, Pakistan and other places to send their earnings home. They were granted permission to
establish a bank, the Al Rajhi Bank, which complied with religious tenets such as a ban on interest.
Founding the bank, which is now the world’s biggest Islamic lender, was not hurdle-free. Sulaiman Al-Rajhi
began by opening an office in Britain, to introduce the Islamic banking system on a more international basis.
However, his initial attempts to secure a banking license were unsuccessful, as British officials were not aware of
the principles and requirements of Islamic banking. He had to travel to different countries in order to explain to
bankers that interest was forbidden by Islam and regarded as unacceptable by pious people all over the world.
He pointed out that interest caused a lot of people to avoid transactions with banks, and to keep their cash and
valuables at home. Eventually, the banking system he proposed was launched in Saudi Arabia and subsequently
implemented in the United Kingdom.
Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhi is also chairman of the National Agricultural Development Company
and founder of the Al-Watania agricultural projects, which include the largest poultry farm in the Middle East and
one of the most successful companies in Saudi Arabia. Al Rajhi had visited a poultry farm abroad and had been
shocked by the improper way chickens were fed and slaughtered. This prompted him to launch the poultry farm
project, making sure that chickens were naturally fed and halal slaughtered according to Islamic tenets. He has
also introduced and supported organic farming throughout the Middle East, intent on securing healthy food
for all as a means of fostering good health, preventing illness and consequently reducing the cost of medical
treatment. The Al-Rajhi projects diversified into other areas, as well, such as real estate and other investment
projects.
In 2009, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi established the Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University, a non-profit research university with three
departments; Medicine, Nursing and Applied Science. In fact, the university was established by the Suleiman
Al-Rajhi Charitable Foundation (SAAR), which is considered the largest foundation of its kind in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia, in terms of capital as well as range and volume of activities. SAAR now owns and controls more than
half of Sulaiman Al-Rajhi’s wealth. The foundation organizes and oversees a substantial number of charities and
humanitarian activities worldwide.
26
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8 Reading a Discuss with students what each word means in

the context of the article. Ask questions, such as
a Write on the board: Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdul-
the following:
Aziz Al-Rajhi. With books closed, discuss the Before Which words are used to describe Sulaiman Al-
Reading questions as a class. Elicit any facts or Rajhi? (world renowned philanthropist, billionaire,
information students know about Sheikh Sulaiman successful businessman, dedicated, committed to ...)
bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhi. If students don’t know, explain Which were the main characteristics of the Al Rajhi
that he is a great philanthropist and a very succesful Bank? (It complied with the tenets of Islam, such as a
businessman and billionaire who introduced Islamic ban on interest.)
banking into the world. What does the writer say about the process of
a Have students open their books to pages 26 and 27. founding the first Islamic bank? (It was not hurdle-
Focus their attention on the photo. Ask: Where do you free.)
think this photo was taken? (Students may not know What is the role of Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdul-Aziz
the exact answer but elicit that it was probably during Al-Rajhi in the Al-Watania agricultural projects? (He
an interview or awards ceremony. ) Ask: Does he look was the founder of Al-Watania.)
like a successful business man? Was the banking system that Al-Rajhi suggested
launched for the first time in the UK? (No, it was
READING STRATEGY 3-2-1 launched in Saudi Arabia and then implemented in
a Write the following on the board: the UK.)
3 (Write 3 things you found out.) What do people tend to do in the Islamic world, with
2 (Write 2 interesting things.) one third or one fourth of their wealth? (They set it
aside for endowment.)
1 (Write 1 question you still have.)
Why did he distribute the rest of his wealth to
Using the 3-2-1 strategy allows students to focus on
his children during his lifetime? (In order to avoid
the important ideas of a reading, the points that they
disputes over inheritance.)
found the most interesting, and the points that they
may not have understood. How did he gain peace of mind and inner
happiness? (By distributing his assets and becoming
a Focus students’ attention on the reading: Tell students
poor once again.)
that they will read the text, and then follow the
directions for the 3-2-1 activity on the board. Give
students a specific amount of time to complete this
activity.
a When students have finished writing, arrange the
class into small groups. Have students share the
points that they wrote down with each other and
discuss them. Have them discuss the points that
they have questions about and try to answer each
other’s questions.
a Call on a few volunteers to share their 3-2-1 answers
with the class. Discuss as a class any unanswered
questions.
| Play the audio for the reading. Have students listen
and follow along.
a For additional vocabulary practice, refer students
back to the Vocabulary Building activity on page 25.
Have students find and underline each of the words
in the reading.
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After Reading
a Have students work individually to answer the
Teaching Tip
questions, referring back to the text as necessary. Then 3-2-1 activities can be modified to fit any reading that you are
have them compare answers with a partner. working with. For example, if you were reading a persuasive
text, you might ask students to identify 3 facts, 2 opinions, and 1
a Check answers by calling on pairs to read aloud the
unclear point.
questions and answers.
Project: Local Philanthropists
Answers Working in small groups, have students choose and research a
1. He did not seem to have much hope of becoming a billionaire. philanthropist from their country or region of the world. Have
2. Banking, agricultural development, organic farming, real estate, them find out information, such as the following: How is this
investment, health and more. person a philanthropist? What percentage of the person’s wealth
3. Islamic banking in the UK because British officials were not does he or she donate? What charity or group does he or she
aware of the principles and requirements of Islamic banking. donate to? Have groups prepare a poster and presentation for
4. His work and contribution to education, health and charities the class.
worldwide through SAAR, the largest foundation of its kind in
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
5. It is common for people to set aside one third or one fourth of
their wealth for endowment, effective after death..
6. Having been poor early in life, he was not afraid to donate and
distribute his wealth so he could concentrate on managing the
endowment project through SAAR.
7. He was awarded the prize in recognition of his outstanding
service to Islam, his role in the establishment of the world’s
largest Islamic bank and his ongoing contribution to charities.
9 Speaking
questions.
a As students are working, go around and check that
everyone is participating in the discussion. Make sure
that each student in the group completes the chart
about him or herself.
Ask groups to share their answers with the class.
Workbook
and sentence level.
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In May 2011, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi announced that he was donating most of his $7.7
billion fortune to charity. It is not uncommon for people in the Islamic world, to set
aside one third or one fourth of their wealth for endowment, effective after death.
In Sulaiman Al-Rajhi’s case, however, this was implemented during his lifetime. He
distributed the rest of his wealth to his children in order to avoid potential disputes
over inheritance, that could destroy kinship and harmony among them.
Sulaiman Al-Rajhi was awarded the highly prestigious King Faisal International Prize for Service to Islam, in 2012,
in recognition of his outstanding service to Islam, his role in the establishment of the world’s largest Islamic bank
and his ongoing contribution to charities’, and humanitarian projects’ fight against poverty.
Having experienced extreme poverty earlier in life, he chose to donate and distribute all his assets, becoming
poor once again but gaining peace of mind and inner happiness. Despite his advanced age, he enjoys a fully
active life as he travels to various regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, managing the endowment project
under his flagship, the SAAR Foundation.
After Reading
1. What were Suleiman Al-Rajhi’s life prospects in relation to his early life?
2. What type of companies has he been involved in?
3. Which business was the most difficult to establish? Why?
4. What is notable about Suleiman Al-Rajhi in comparison to other wealthy businessmen?
5. What is common regarding endowments in the Muslim world?
6. Why did Al-Rajhi decide to donate most of his fortune to charity during his lifetime?
7. Why was Al-Rajhi awarded the King Faizal International Prize for Service to Islam?
9 Speaking
1. Think about how you can be successful in your life without depending on others.
Make notes in the chart.
2. Use your notes to talk in groups or in class. Compare ideas.
How I can use my Which areas/skills How long it will take to

What I am good at
strengths to develop I can develop reach my goal
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10 Writing
A. 1. What do you know about e-commerce? Do you ever buy books or other products on the Internet?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce, in your view?
3. Do you know who Jeffrey Bezos is? What has he accomplished? Scan the text and find out.
4. Read the text and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases. Some can be used more than once.
Listen and check your answers.
when (3 times) where (twice) then after one day by as
the Defense
Jeffrey P. Bezos The Internet had been used mainly by
demic researchers
was born in 1964, Department, the government, and aca
Jeff Bezos observed
in Albuquerque, until as late as 1994. (6)_ ___ ___ ___,
2,300% a year. He
New Mexico. He that Internet usage was increasing by
inesses and found
displayed a remarkable researched the top 20 mail order bus
ch no catalogue
mechanical aptitude that books were the only item for whi
l. He attended
when he managed existed as it would be far too big to mai
the very next day,
to dismantle his crib the American Bookseller’s Convention
or wholesalers
with a screwdriver as a (7)_ ___ ___ ___ he discovered that maj
of their inventory.
toddler! had already compiled electronic lists
Internet.
All he needed was a location on the
(1)_ ___ ___ ___ Jeffrey in a two-bedroom
was a teenager, the The new online company was set up
16, 1995, the site
family moved to Miami, house with a garage, in Seattle. On July
___ September,
(2)_ ___ ___ ___ he was opened to the world. (8)_ ___ ___
iness grew faster
discovered computers. it had weekly sales of $20,000. The bus
dictorian of than anyone could have predicted.
He graduated from high school, the vale business
his class. He (3)_ ___ ___ ___ complet
ed his studies in (9)_ ___ ___ ___ the online bookselling
rang e of products from
computer science and electrical eng inee ring at Princeton expanded to include an endless
and so on,
University. clothing to electronic goods to furniture
fast to be successful.
at some well- skeptics thought it was growing too
(4)_ ___ ___ ___ graduation, he worked (10)___ ___ ___ _ it turned out, it was
the smartest move
as if Jeff would
known firms on Wall Street. It looked anyone could have made that change
d the face of
(5)_ ___ ___ ___
have a successful career in finance, but commerce forever and turned several
members of the
life and changed
he made a discovery that changed his Bezos family into billionaires.
the course of business forever.
5. Identify the topic/theme of each paragraph.

Paragraph 1: ______________ Paragraph 2: ______________ Paragraph 3: ______________
Paragraph 4: ______________ Paragraph 5: ______________ Paragraph 6: ______________
6. Which verb forms are mostly used? Are passive sentences used in any sections? Why? Why not?
7. Make a list of the key events, including no more than 12 items. Highlight the key events/verbs in the
text. Then write them on a timeline.
8. Now cover the text and look at your 12 items. Reconstruct the story and tell your partner. Then switch
roles and repeat.
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10 Writing
a Have students work in groups and report in class.
Answers:
a Have students discuss the picture in pairs and ask
volunteers report answers/ideas for the class.. 5. Paragraph 1: Jeffrey P. Bezos early years
Paragraph 2: Jeffrey Bezos as a teenager and young adult/
A education
a Write E-COMMERCE on the board and allow students Paragraph 3: Jeffrey Bezos after graduation/work/discovery
to make suggestions on what the word/term refers to. Paragraph 4: The internet and bookselling/research
Discuss suggestions in class. Paragraph 5: The new online business
a Have students work in pairs discussing their views on Paragraph 6: The online bookselling business/ expansion
e-commerce. Ask them to make notes on advantages and success of the Bezos family
and disadvantages.
a Have students work in pairs identifying forms.
a Call on a student from each group to report for the
Circulate and monitor. Help when required. Call on
class and list their ideas on the board.
students to report in class.
a Elicit information about Jeffrey Bezos from students.
a Ask students to read the text with the blanks and to Answers:
complete the missing words with their own ideas.
6. Past forms
Then ask them to use the words in the box under 4
Past simple: displayed, managed, moved, graduated, completed,
and compare with their own answers.
worked, made, changed, observed, researched, found, attended,
a Play the audio and have students check their answers. opened, predicted, expanded, turned out, thought, turned
a Have students read individually and make notes Past perfect: The Internet had been used…/ …major wholesalers
about Bezos, then compare notes in groups. had already compiled electronic lists …
a Call on students to report to the class. Ask them to Passives: Jeffrey P. Bezos was born in …/ The internet had been
give reasons for their answers. used mainly by the Defense Department, …/ The new online
company was set up …/ The site was opened …
Answers: They’re used to switch focus/set a new theme from JB to the
Internet, the company and the site.
1. Answers will vary.
2. Answers will vary. / Sample answers. a Have students work individually listing events. Then
Advantages: ask them to compare with a partner and select 12 of
1. More competitive prices because of lower costs
the events.
a Organize students in pairs and ask them to draw a
2. No transport required
3. Saves time
timeline and mark the point/ order of the events as
they happened chronologically. Discuss in class.
4. Allows research for better prices/quality
a Have students close their books and use their notes
Disadvantages:
to reconstruct the story in pairs. Call on individual
1. Buyer can only see photos of products
students to report.
2. Products might differ from photo items
3. Unless delivered by hand, products can get lost Answers:
4. Some products cannot be returned.
7. J . Bezos was born in 1964 –displayed a remarkable mechanical
3. Jeffrey P. Bezos was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico in
aptitude family moved to Miami - discovered computers
1964. He displayed a remarkable mechanical aptitude from an
– graduated/high school-graduated / College- worked on
early age. He discovered computers when he was a teenager
Wall street - made a discovery - observed/Internet usage was
and studied computer science and electrical engineering in
increasing - researched and found no book catalogue existed
Princeton University. He worked for well-known firms of Wall
-attended American Bookseller’s Convention- discovered
Street. He started the first and largest on line bookselling
electronic lists of booksellers’ inventories - new online company
business which expanded to include all kinds of products from
was set up - site was opened - business expanded - changed
clothing to appliances, to furniture.
face of commerce - turned Bezos family members into
4. 1) When, 2) where, 3) then, 4) After, 5) when, 6) One day, billionaires
7) where, 8) By, 9) When, 10) As
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a Have students exchange and read as many essays as

B
possible. Post the essays/brief biographies on the wall
a Tell students that they are going to write a descriptive
or the blackboard for everyone to read.
essay about a famous and/or wealthy person.
a Organize them in small groups and ask them to think
about famous people. Have them list the names of the
people they think of and the reason they know them. Additional Activity
Call on a student from each group to tell the class Ask students to categorize and group their essays according to
and list the names on the board. Compare with other field of study/specialty. For example, group all scientists together,
groups. group all medical achievers together etc , find photos and
a Read directions for 1 and 2 and ask them to choose anecdotes and compile a section for their class portfolio.
one of the people on their list. Allow them to break
into smaller groups or pairs if they are keen to write
about a particular person that the rest of the group
has not chosen. Workbook
a Direct students to the Writing Corner. Explain that they
will be writing a brief biography of the person along Assign page 18 for additional writing practice above word
the lines of the biography they read on page 28. and sentence level.
a Have students read the first point and ask them to
focus on specific events as they make notes. Suggest
that they draw a timeline where they mark the main
events, accompanied by bubbles where they add
surrounding information.
a Ask a student to read the second point aloud and
encourage students to be selective.
a Call on a volunteer to read the third point and discuss
it in class.
a Read the next bullet point with the class and explain
that using a timeline will help them list key events in
chronological order without restricting them when
they actually write the biography.
a Call on a student to read the last point aloud and have
students find examples in the Reading text as well as
the model text in the unit. If you wish, you can refer
them back to the previous unit to the writing text/
model about the grandparents.
a Call on volunteers to report their thoughts and
examples in class.
a Encourage students to word process their essays in
order to facilitate drafting and editing and save time.
a Organize students into pairs/groups. Ask them to
write their first draft and exchange drafts in order to
comment and make suggestions. Direct them to the
model text but allow them to change the beginning
of their biography if they want.
a Have students read the comments and suggestions,
edit and re-draft.
a You may wish to have one or two more editing stages
here before asking students to write their final draft.
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B. 1. Choose a famous and/or wealthy person.
2. Research information about this person’s life, including the events (steps) that took the person
from obscurity to fame or poverty to wealth.
3. Note these events or steps in a chart.
4. Write a descriptive essay about this person’s life.
Name of Person:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Mohamed Aboutrika yer in the

of th e mo st su cc es sfu l careers of any football pla
on e
Mohamed Aboutrika has co uld have predicted his succes
s. Mohamed
ab ou t his ea rly life
world today. But nothing a child, he would play
yp t, to a fam ily of Syrian heritage. As
Aboutrika was born in Giz a, Eg ing his favorite
e ch an ce . He us ed to dre am of growing up and join
football any time he had th
team, Al-Ahly Egypt…
Writing Corner
When you write a descriptive essay about a person’s life:
• distinguish the main life events from surrounding information.
• select key events that provide a complete picture of how someone’s life developed from the
time they were born.
• list the events in chronological order, then switch them around if you wish, e.g. Having
completed his studies, he proceeded to apply for any position that was advertised in his area of
specialty.
• use connectors to show the order of events such as: when; then; after; while.
• be as descriptive as possible: Describe the person’s character, qualities and actions. Choose
key events based on these qualities so that the reader has a clear picture of the person’s
character as well as the person’s life story.
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Present Perfect Simple Tense
Use the present perfect to talk about actions that started at an indefinite time in the past.
It is often used to talk about time from the past to now in a person’s life.
Q: Have you been to Qatar?
A: Yes, I’ve been to Qatar. I have visited many places in the Middle East.
Use the present perfect to talk about recently completed actions.
Mohammad Abdul Latif Jameel has contributed greatly to the government’s Saudization
program in the Kingdom.
Use the present perfect simple to emphasis an action that started in the past and has continued until now and may
continue in the future.
Li Ka-Shing has lived in China for all his life.
Time Expressions with For and Since

Use the present perfect simple tense with for to indicate the duration of the action: for two months, for a year,
for a long time.
Use the present perfect simple with since to indicate when the action began: since yesterday, since last June.
Questions with How Long

Q: How long has the clothing store been in operation? A: It’s been in operation since 1975.
It’s been in operation for 40 years..
A. Complete the sentences with for or since.

1. Hameed has had the same TV ______ 15 years. 5. We haven’t used our car ______ a long time.
2. I’ve had my laptop ______ last June. 6. I’ve been drinking tea ______ years.
3. We’ve worked on this project ______ a month. 7. Tariq has worn glasses ______ the age of seven.
4. My friends haven’t visited me ______ my graduation. 8. ______ when have you had that beautiful watch?
B. Complete the paragraph with the verbs in parentheses. Use the present perfect or simple past tense.
Amancio Ortega
The son of a railroad worker, Ortega is now Spain’s richest man. When
Ortega was (1. be) 13, he ________ (2. work) as a delivery boy for a
shirtmaker and later ________ (3. become) the manager of a clothing
store. He ________ (4. begin) making clothing in his living room and
selling it to local stores.
Ortega ________ (5. have) an ability to predict what styles were going to
be popular and to create these styles with inexpensive materials. Over the
last 40 years, the clothing store ________ (6. gain) a reputation for selling
designer fashions at reasonable prices. Today Ortega’s company has more
than 4,000 stores in 71 countries.
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Function a Focus students’ attention on the directions and ask
them to complete the exercise alone.
a Call on volunteers to read out their answers. The class
Language Builder should listen carefully to check they agree.

We commonly use the present perfect to talk about Answers
actions that have happened at an indefinite time in the
past or to talk about the duration of actions that have 1. for 5. for
happened from the past up to now. We often use time 2. since 6. for
expressions such as: ever, never, so far, yet. 3. for 7. since
We use the simple past to talk about actions that were 4. since 8. Since
completed in the past. We often use time expressions
such as: yesterday, last week, two days ago, a year ago, in
B
the 19th century, in 2014. a Ask students what they remember about the people
they read about on pages 20 and 21.
a Students read the paragraph to check their ideas.
Students complete the exercise alone and compare
Present Perfect Simple Tense their answers in pairs.
a Review how to form the present perfect in the a Call on volunteers to call out the answers and write
affirmative and negative forms: has/have or hasn’t/ them on the board. Have students self-correct errors
haven’t + past participle. or have the class correct any errors they see together.
a Remind students that with regular verbs, the past
participle is usually the same as the past. Then have Answers
students identify the past participles in the example 1. was 4. began
sentences in the presentation. (visited, contributed,
2. worked 5. had
lived)
3. became 6. has gained
a Remind students that many common verbs have
irregular past participles. Elicit the irregular past
participle for the verbs: do, be, go (done, been, gone)
Time Expressions with For and Since

a Point out that we use the present perfect with since
to talk about an action or state that started in the past
and continues up to the present.
a Explain that we use for to talk about duration. Write an
example on the board. For example,
We have lived in Muscat since May. We have lived here
for 6 months.
Questions with How Long

a Call on two volunteers to read out the question and
answers. Ask students to practice different questions
and answers in pairs, using the question form How
long and for and since in the answer.
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Past Simple versus Present Perfect

E
a Have volunteers read aloud the questions and answers a Call on volunteers to tell the class about their partner’s
in the presentation. Highlight or elicit the form of the experiences, discussed in exercise D.
present perfect and underline the simple past in the
examples. Answers
a Explain that the present perfect is used to refer to an Students’ own answers.
indefinite time in the past. That is, we do not know
when something happened, or when it happened is
not important. With the simple past, however, we know Workbook
exactly when something happened. Assign pages 19-20 for more practice with the form,
a Refer students to the note and call on volunteers to form meaning and function of the structures in the unit.
sentences of their own with a time expression.
Asking and Telling about Personal Teaching Tip

Experiences: Have you ever ..? Encourage students to become independent learners and not rely
only on the teacher for answers. Students can learn from each
a Ask two students to take it in turns to read out the other or look things up in dictionaries and other sources.
question and the answers.
a Write on the following on the board and ask students to
complete it in five different ways:
Have you ever _________?
a All students should then stand up and walk around the
room asking and answering the questions. For every
yes answer, they should put a check mark. For every no
answer, they should put a cross. Set a time limit of 10
minutes.
a Have students report back on their classmates’
experiences.
C
a Tell students to complete the exercise alone and then
compare their answers in pairs.
a Have volunteers role-play the conversations and practice
correct stress and intonation patterns.
Answers
1. given, haven’t, gave 3. Has, been, has, given, has, gave
2. ate, were 4. been, flew
D
a Tell students to make notes in the chart before they ask
and answer with a partner.
Answers
Students’ own answers.
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Past Simple versus Present Perfect
Use the present perfect to talk about an action that happened in the past when the exact time isn’t known or isn’t
important. Use the simple past tense when the exact time is given.
Present Perfect Simple Past
A: Have you ever met a billionaire? A: When did he start the company?
B: No, I’ve never met a billionaire. B: He started the company in the late 70s.
Note: Time expressions we can use with the present perfect are: yet, so far, ever, never, already, recently, lately, once,
twice, etc.
Asking and Telling about Personal Experiences: Have you ever ..?
Yes. So far this year. I’ve ordered 25 books online.
Have you ever ordered books online No. I’ve never ordered books online, but
I’ve bought other products through the Internet.
I haven’t bought books online yet. I buy them
from the bookstore on the corner.
C. Complete the conversations. Use the present perfect and simple past. Then practice with a partner.
1. A: Have you ever ________ to charity? 3. A: ________ Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdul-Aziz Al-
B: No, I ________. Have you? Rajhi always ________ a billionaire?
A: Yes, I ________ some clothes and books. B: No, he hasn’t.
B: That’s great! I want to make a donation, too. A: ________ he ever _______ money to charity?
2. A: I ________ tacos in Mexico years ago. B: Yes, he ___. He ______ some of his wealth to
charity in 2011.
B: What did they taste like?
4. A: I’ve never ________ in a helicopter.
A: They ________ spicy.
B: I have. I ________ in one over the Red Sea.
A: I’d like to do that one day.
D. Make some notes in the chart below. Work with a partner. Ask and answer about your personal experiences.
People I have met Places I have been Events I have attended

________________________ ________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________ ________________________
E. Tell your partner’s experiences to the class.
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12 Project
1. Think about a person you admire who could be a role model for you and your friends.
2. Research and collect information about his/her life and achievements. Make notes along
the timeline below.
3. Draw the timeline on a large poster. Use your notes to write brief summaries at each point.
4. Include pictures or drawings to illustrate the person’s achievements.
5. Present your poster in class. Allow time for questions afterward.
First discovered
what he/she was
School very good at
Grew up in
Born
Where/when Where/when Where/when

Date
How he/she used

his/her talent/discovery
Who helped
him/her
How/when
How/when
How he/she became
successful
How/when
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12
a Have groups present for the class on the same
Project or a different day. Encourage them to involve as
many members of their group as possible in the
a Read directions for task 1 and have students think presentations.
about a person they admire that operates as a role
model for them and /or their friends. Give them time
to think and make notes.
a Call on individual students to report the person/ Teaching Tip
people they admire and say why they admire them. Remind students to bear their audience in mind and select
a Organize students into groups. Read 2 with the class information accordingly. Remind them to create captions for
and have students research, collect information and pictures and to avoid including too much.
make notes. Allow them to add details if they wish.
Circulate and monitor to make sure that they are Additional Activity
focusing on relevant data and making notes. Have students use a brief biography that they or someone else
has written. Tell them that they are allowed to intersperse, delete
a Ask students to read directions for task 3 and explain
or substitute words or information. They then read their modified
what they are required to do. Point to the timeline in text as naturally as possible for the rest of the students to spot the
their books and ask them to copy it on a large sheet “defect” and stop them. If listeners spot 4 “defects” the presenters
of paper or cardboard that they are going to use for stop. Tell them that they might have done a similar activity in the
their poster. Remind them to assign tasks to different last semester.
members of the group in order to make the best
use of time and resources. Point out that it would
be better if they decided on some of the points as a
group. For example, planning what they are going to
present and in what order.
a If there are students in the group who would prefer
to present a poster about a different person, organize
them in smaller groups.
a If students have access to a library and/or the
internet, you could aim to complete this and do the
presentation on the same day. If not, they will have to
organize themselves carefully to share tasks and do
their research and data collection individually, then
coordinate and present as a group.
a Remind students to focus on their audience and
select points to present accordingly.
a Give groups time to organize themselves and
share the tasks that need to be completed among
members of the group. Let students work on their
posters/presentations.
a Circulate and monitor and/or help when necessary.
a If there is access to the internet in the classroom or
in the library, encourage students to use it in order
to access information, download pictures and design
their slides.
a When the tasks have been completed, ask groups
to coordinate all their work and work on the actual
presentation both in terms of staging and materials.
Circulate and make sure that students are following
guidelines, focusing on content, using visuals as well
as doing a trial run.
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13
Self Reflection quickly as they can to questions like these:
What kind of business did Sheikh Sulaiman bin
a Brainstorm Rags to Riches. Write the title on the board Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhi and his brother set up in
and elicit as many ideas and words as possible from Al-Qassim? How was the Al Rajhi Bank founded?
the class. List the words on the board. What does SAAR stand for? What kind of activities
a Have students scan pages 20 and 21. Ask them to is it involved in?
think about things they liked and things they disliked a Have students reflect on the Speaking activity. Which
about this part of the unit. Use questions to help are the strengths/qualities that make one a good
them remember. For example: businessman? Can you name students who could be
What do you know about Mohammad Abdul Latif “good businessment?” What qualifies them?
Jameel? What is he known for?
What was Amancio Ortega’s special ability that
before about likes, dislikes and things they found easy
contributed to his success?
or difficult.
What do you know about Li Ka-Shing’s family
a Before directing students to 10 Writing ask them to
background?
How did Steven Paul Jobs find himself back in say what they remember about e-commerce and/or
Apple? Jeffrey Bezos. Give them some time to work in pairs
and then call on volunteers to answer.
a Have students scan pages 28 and 29 and make notes
as before.
a Before directing students to pages 22, 23, ask them
some questions. For example:
Complete the sentences with used to or be used to. discussion about what they found more or less useful
He _________ travel a lot when he was young. and more or less interesting. Elicit ideas from the
Now, he __________ spending most of his time at students and explain some of the benefits of this
home, reading. kind of work. List some aspect of project work on the
She got really sick on the boat, she _____________ board. For example:
sailing. She used to drive everywhere. Personalization
Creativity
Answers: Natural language use
Focus on meaning
• used to / is used to
• wasn’t used to Using other knowledge
a Have volunteers answer the questions. Elicit more a Allow time for students to make notes on the project
questions and answers from pairs of students after section individually. Then have them check with a
you give them a couple of minutes to think. partner.
a Discuss the grammar of the unit with the class. Call on a Have students fill out the checklist alone and write
volunteers to say if they found it easy or difficult and their five favorite words.
give reasons. a Discuss areas that students feel they need more work
a Have students make notes in the Self Reflection chart. on and make suggestions.
Ask them to focus on likes, dislikes and easy or difficult
items.
a Direct students to pages 24, 25. Call on volunteers to
say what they remember from the Conversation. Elicit
expressions from volunteers.
a Have students reflect on ways to spend and ways to
save money. Have students make notes in the chart.
a Write Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhi on the
board and brainstorm on language and information
that students remember. Call on volunteers to list as
much as possible on the board.
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13 Self Reflection

talk about fame and fortune
discuss options
use used to versus be used to
use would for repeated action in the past versus used to
use was/were going to (future in the past)

use the present perfect simple tense
use time expressions with for and since
ask questions with: How long...?
use the past simple and present perfect tense

ask and talk about personal experiences using: Have you
ever ..?


from the unit again
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3 What Will They Think of Next?
1 Listen and Discuss In 1900, a popular American
magazine, called Ladies’ Home Journal,
1. What things that we take for granted today did people published an article called “What May
not have 100 years ago? Happen in the Next Hundred Years,”
2. Name a discovery or development that you think making predictions about what life
people will have (or use) 100 years from now. would be like in the year 2001. Read
and discuss the predictions.
People Language Transportation Traffic

People will be taller by There will be no C, X, or Cars will be cheaper There will be no traffic
one to two inches. This Q in the English alphabet than horses are today. on the streets of large
increase in height will be as these letters will have Automobiles will have been cities. All traffic, including
a result of better health, been determined to be substituted for every horse subways, cars, and buses
due to improvements unnecessary. Spelling vehicle now known. A one- will be either below
in medicine, sanitation, by sound will have been pound motor in one of these ground or high above
and diet. The average adopted. English will vehicles will do the work of a ground. “Moving-sidewalk”
life expectancy will have have become a language pair of horses or more. stairways will connect
risen from the current of condensed words. There will be air-ships, but them to the street level.
age of 35 to the age English will also be more they will not successfully The vehicles on the
of 50. extensively spoken than compete with cars and ships busy underground and
any other language. for passenger or freight overhead streets will
Russian will rank second. traffic. They will be used have cushioned wheels.
mainly by the military. Therefore, there will be
almost no noise in cities.
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Unit Goals | Play the audio for pages 34 and 35 with students’
books still closed. Have students listen for general
Vocabulary Listening understanding.
Inventions Listen for specific
a To check general comprehension, ask: What topics
Lifestyle changes information
were discussed? (people, language, transportation,
Technology
Tourism Pronunciation traffic, media, deliveries, communication) Elicit and
Consonant clusters write on the board all of the topics that students
Functions can remember.
Discuss technology Reading a Have students open their books and look at pages
An Out-Of-This-World 34 and 35 to find any missing topics. Have them call
invented over the last
Vacation them out while you write them on the board.
100 years
Discuss technology Writing | Play the audio again while students listen and read
of the future Write a discursive essay along.
Make predictions a Focus students’ attention on the pictures. Ask:
about life in the Form,
Meaning and
What predictions does the picture on page 34
year 2100 Function illustrate? (the predictions about transportation
Persuade Simple Present versus Past and traffic) Does this look like a modern city? Elicit
Simple that some aspects of the predictions have come
Grammar Words Connected with true. For example: Automobiles have replaced all
Future Perfect Space and the Planetary horse vehicles. Subways and tunnels allow people
Future Perfect Progressive System: 1 to move underground. There are elevated trains and
The Future with Dependent
roadways that allow people to travel overhead as well.
Time Clauses
Escalators and moving sidewalks are used to transport
people. Ask: What predictions about transportation
and traffic have not come true? (Vehicles do not
Warm Up have cushioned wheels, although modern tires
are probably quieter than tires in 1900. Cities are
a Write on the board the introductory questions on still noisy.)
page 34:
a Ask: What predictions does the picture on page 35
1. What things that we take for granted today did illustrate? (the predictions about media, deliveries,
people not have 100 years ago? and communication) Which predictions have come
2. Name a discovery or development that you think true? (It is easy for a person in New York to speak to
people will have (or use) 100 years from now. someone in China wirelessly.) Which predictions
a Arrange students in small groups. Have them discuss shown in the picture have not come true? (Tubes are
the questions with their books closed. Assign one not able to deliver goods to homes from stores.)
student in each group the role of reporter. a Elicit any other observations about the pictures from
a Call on the reporters to report back to the class about students. Ask: Do these pictures look more like life in
their group’s discussion. 1900 or life today? Why?
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Quick Check a Have students work in pairs to write one prediction for
each category.
A
a Have students go to the board and write their
a Have a student read aloud the directions and the list of
predictions in a list under each category.
vocabulary words in the left column.
a Read and discuss the predictions as a class. Do
a Give students time to find and underline all of the
students agree on what the year 2100 will be like?
vocabulary words in the article.
a Tell them to use the context of the words in the
article to help them guess the meaning. Then have Workbook
them work individually to match each word with
its definition. Assign page 21 for practice with the vocabulary of the unit.
a Check answers as a class by calling on students to read
aloud the matched up words and definitions.
Answers Teaching Tip

It’s a good idea to let students check their answers together
1. e 3. f 5. d before eliciting them in front of the class. (1) It gives them the
2. b 4. c 6. a chance to correct errors on their own. (2) It builds confidence
to find out that questions they had trouble with also gave their
classmates trouble. (3) It allows students the opportunity to
B teach and learn from each other.
a Call on volunteers to read aloud the questions.
Additional Activity
a Have students work individually to find and write Additional predictions that were contained in the 1900 Ladies’
down the answers, referring back to the article Home Journal article had to do with food. Read and discuss the
as necessary. following predictions with the class. Ask: Which have come
a Have students compare their answers with a partner. true? Which have not come true?
Then check answers as a class. Call on multiple • Strawberries and raspberries as large as apples will be eaten by
students to answer questions 4 and 5 since answers to our great-great-grandchildren.
those questions will vary. • Liquid-air refrigerators will keep great quantities of food fresh
for long intervals.
Answers • Scientists will have discovered how to modify summer fruits so
Answers will vary. Sample answers: that they can be stored and stay fresh throughout the winter.
Once they figure this out, people are going to keep fruits like
1 The average life expectancy in 1900 was 35 years.
cantaloupes for three or four months at a time.
2.
He thought there would be no C, X, or Q; spelling would be by
sound; the language would be condensed; and English would
be the most widely spoken language. The prediction about
English being the most widely spoken language came true.
3. He was probably thinking about airplanes. In the early 1900s, when people first began driving cars,
there were not many paved roads. The roads were very rough
4. Automobiles have replaced all horse-drawn vehicles.
and drivers faced flat tires, fires, and explosions! Drivers had
5.
There will never be tubes connecting houses to a store. This
facts
to bring tools, spare parts, and food in case of a breakdown.
is impossible.
2 Pair Work
Read the directions with the class. If the categories
a
from the article are not still on the board, rewrite
them as column heads. (People, Language,
Transportation, Traffic, Media, Deliveries,
Communication)
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Media
Photographs will be telegraphed from
any distance. If there is an important
event happening halfway around the
world, photographs of the event will be
published in newspapers an hour later.
Deliveries
When people make purchases from
stores, their purchases will be delivered
by tubes, connected from the store to
houses. These tubes will also collect,
deliver, and transport mail over distances,
perhaps for hundreds of miles.
Communication
Wireless telephone circuits will span the
world. A person in New York will easily be
able to call someone in China.
Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Match each word to its definition.
1. _____ circuits a. extend across
2. _____ condensed b. shortened
3. _____ determined c. covering a wide range or area
4. _____ extensively d. position in an ordered group
5. _____ rank e. paths for electrical currents
6. _____ span f. decided

1. What was the average life expectancy in 1900?
2. What predictions did the author make about the English language?
Have they come true?
3. What do you think the author was referring to when he used the term air-ships?
4. Choose a prediction and give an example of how it has come true.
5. Which prediction do you think is the least likely to ever come true? Why?
2 Pair Work
Work with a partner to make predictions about the year 2100. Create one prediction for
each of the categories in the article. Discuss your predictions with the class.
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3 Grammar
Future Perfect
The future perfect is used to express the idea that an action will be completed in the future, before another
event or before another specific time in the future. The future perfect is formed with will have + past participle.
By the time my children are grown, scientists will have found a solution to global warming.
The car company will have introduced their new models by November.
Future Perfect Progressive

The future perfect progressive is used to focus on the duration of an action that will be happening in the future
before another time or event happens in the future. The future perfect progressive is formed with
will have + been + present participle.
By the year 2020, people will have been flying for 117 years.
Note: Sometimes either the future perfect or the future perfect progressive can be used to express the same idea.
By 2020, I will have been living in Sao Paulo for 15 years.
By 2020, I will have lived in Sao Paulo for 15 years.
The Future with Dependent Time Clauses

We can talk about a future event using a time clause with when, before, after, while, until, and since. A present
tense verb form (not a future form) is used in the time clause, and will or be going to are used in the main clause.
My father will keep using his old-fashioned cord phone until it breaks.
When he finishes working on his invention, he’s going to let me try it out.
A. Use the future perfect to combine the future events into one sentence, using by or by the time.
1st Event: I will take all my final exams. 2nd Event: The end of June will come.
By the end of June, I will have taken all my final exams.
1. 1st Event: It will start to rain.
2nd Event: We will arrive at the picnic.
2. 1st Event: I will fall asleep.
2nd Event: This DVD film will be over.
3. 1st Event: I will get married and have children.
2nd Event: 2020 will come.
4. 1st Event: My father will work at his company for 20 years.
2nd Event: He will retire.
5. 1st Event: He will decide which college to attend.
2nd Event: February will come.
6. 1st Event: The food will get cold.
2nd Event: You will come to the table.
7. 1st Event: He will learn to drive.
2nd Event: He will graduate.
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3 Grammar The Future with Dependent Time Clauses

a Read the explanation with the class.
a Have students read aloud the example sentences.
Future Perfect
a Emphasize that when using a time clause, the verb in
the time clause is in the present tense. Only the main
a Draw a timeline on the board to illustrate the concept verb in the sentence uses will or be going to.
of the future perfect. It may look something like a Direct students to exercise C on page 37 to practice
the following:
using the future with dependent time clauses.
A
a Have a student read aloud the directions and the
Now 1st event 2nd event example. Tell students they must first read the events.
in future in future Then they use by or by the time to correctly join the
a Plot the example sentences in the book on the events into a sentence.
timeline. Write on the board: By the time my children a Have students work individually to write their
are grown, scientists will have found a solution to sentences. Then have them compare answers with
global warming. Ask: Which event will happen first a partner.
in this sentence? (Scientists will find a solution to
a Check answers as a class by calling on students to
global warming.) Point to the first star on the timeline.
write their sentences on the board.
Ask: Which event will happen second in the future?
(My children will be grown.) Point to the second star Answers
on the timeline. Follow the same procedure with
the second example sentence in the book: The car Answers will vary. Sample answers:
company will have introduced their new models 1.
By the time we arrive at the picnic, it will have started to rain.
by November. (1st event = The car company will 2. I will have fallen asleep by the time this DVD film is over.
introduce their new models; 2nd event = November) 3.
By 2020, I will have gotten married and had children.
a Direct students to exercise A on this page to practice 4.
By the time my father retires, he will have worked at his
the future perfect. company for 20 years.
5. He will have decided which college to attend by February.
Future Perfect Progressive 6.
By the time you come to the table, the food will have gotten cold.
7. He will have learned to drive by the time he graduates.
a Draw a timeline on the board to illustrate the concept
of the future perfect progressive. For example:
1st event Now 2nd event

By the year 2020, people will have been flying for
117 years.
a Point out that in this sentence, the 1st event (flying)
began in the past and continues into the future up
until the second event (the year 2020).
a Direct students to exercise B on page 37 to
practice the future perfect and future perfect
progressive together.
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16:02
3 3 What
What Will
Will They
They Think
Think of of Next?
Next?
B D
a Have a student read aloud the directions and the Read the directions with the class.
a
example. Point out that they will have to do simple a Arrange students in pairs. Have partners work together
math for each sentence to calculate the length of time to describe the pictures. One student describes the
the future event has been in progress. picture of today’s family and the other describes the
a Have students work individually to complete the family of 2050.
sentences, and then compare answers with a partner. a Have students work individually to copy down the first
a To check answers as a class, call on students to read sentence of the paragraph and then complete it with
their completed sentences aloud. their own ideas. Give students a minimum number of
sentences to write, such as five.
Answers a Call on a few volunteers to read their paragraphs for
Answers will vary. Sample answers: the class.
1. By 2020, they will have been married for 30 years.
2. By next week, he will have been a vegetarian for four weeks.
3. By November, he will have been working there for 10 months.
Workbook
4. By 8:00, you will have been studying for four hours. Assign pages 22–24 for practice with the grammar of
5. If I lose another 2 kilograms, I will have lost 7 kilograms. the unit.
6. By 2020, I will have lived in Singapore for 22 years.
7. If she gets here in 10 minutes, we will have waited for 30 minutes.
8. In another half hour, it will have been playing for three hours.
Teaching Tip
C When students say or write an answer on the board, give them
Have a student read aloud the directions and
a time to realize they’ve made a mistake and try to correct it
the example. themselves. If they can’t, check to see if a classmate can help
Do the first sentence together as an additional example.
a
before you do.
Write the sentence on the board. Elicit from students Additional Activity
which part of the sentence is the time clause. (when
Do a quick chain grammar practice. Say a time in the future
they ___ the order) Ask: How do you know? (the word
and have a student say what they will have done by that time.
when begins the clause) Ask: What tense is the verb in For example, say: 2015. Student A says: By 2015, I will have
a time clause? (present tense) What tense is the main graduated from college. Then Student A says another time (for
verb in this sentence? (the future) Elicit the correct example: 2025) and calls on Student B to give a sentence (By
complete sentence. (The company will manufacture the 2025, I will have gotten married.). Continue until all students have
parts when they receive the order.) given a sentence.
Have students work individually to complete the
a
sentences, and then compare answers with a partner.
To check answers as a class, call on students to read their
a
completed sentences aloud. • The San Antonio Light published an article in 1939
predicting that in the future, cars would run off of
Answers solar energy and would be able to be folded up into
portable packages.
1.
The company will manufacture the parts when they receive
facts • The Kid’s Whole Future Catalog of 1982 predicted that school
would no longer take place in a four-walled classroom, but
the order. in a soaring airship on a journey around the world.
2. After I make a million dollars, I am going to buy my parents
a house.
3. I am going to travel the world before I get married and settle down.
4. He will run to the store before it starts raining.
5. When you drive down the road, you are going to see a large,
red building.
6. Are you going to argue with me until I change my mind?
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B. Use the future perfect or the future perfect progressive to complete each sentence.
In some cases, both forms are possible.
Sheri started studying biology in 2013.
By 2017, she will have been studying biology for four years.
1. My parents got married in 1990. By 2020, _____________________________________________.
2. My brother became a vegetarian three weeks ago. By next week, __________________________.
3. Jasim started his new job in February. By November, ____________________________________.
4. You started studying at 4:00. By 8:00, _________________________________________________.
5. I’ve already lost five kilograms on my diet. If I lose another two, ____________________________.
6. I moved to Singapore in 1998. By 2020, _______________________________________________.
7. We started waiting 20 minutes ago. If she gets here in 10 minutes, __________________________.
8. This TV show started two-and-a-half hours ago! In another half hour, _______________________.
C. Put the verbs in parentheses in either the future tense (will or be going to) or the present tense.
I ’ll call (call) you as soon as I get (get) home.
1. The company _____________ (manufacture) the parts when they _____________ (receive) the order.
2. After I _____________ (make) a million dollars, I _____________ (buy) my parents a house.
3. I _____________ (travel) the world before I _____________ (get) married and settle down.
4. He _____________ (run) to the store before it _____________ (start) raining.
5. When you _____________ (drive) down the road, you _____________ (see) a large, red building.
6. _____________ you _____________ (argue) with me until I _____________ (change) my mind?
D. Look at the pictures. Then complete the paragraph about how life will be different in the year 2050.
Use the future perfect, future perfect progressive, and the future with dependent time clauses.
While some things will have stayed the same for the average family in 2050,
some things will have changed dramatically. . .
Today’s family The family of 2050
37
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4 Conversation
Edward: Grandma, you’ve been lugging that book around all
weekend.
Grandma: If I want to read it, what choice do I have?
Edward: You can ditch the book and get an electronic book reader.
Grandma: A what?
Edward: An electronic book reader. They’re these great little
devices that let you read books electronically. So, you read
on screen instead of on paper.
Grandma: But I like reading on paper.
Edward: Trust me, Grandma. In a few years, no one is going to be
reading books printed on paper anymore. Paper books
will have disappeared.
Grandma: I don’t like all this new technology. I’m happy with things the
way they are.
Edward: You really should check out e-book readers. One of the
advantages is that you can buy, download, and start
reading a book in minutes. Another great thing about it is
that you can carry hundreds of books with you without it
being heavy.
Grandma: Why would I want to carry hundreds of books around with me?
Edward: Grandma, I’m sure if you just gave it a try, you’d find that you actually prefer it. Why
not go with the flow?
Grandma: I think this is all just a lot of hoopla.
Real Talk
I’ve been reading my books on paper
for 68 years, and I’m not about to change lugging = carrying, especially something heavy or awkward
that now. ditch = leave, get rid of
check out = look at something in order to evaluate it
go with the flow = accept things
hoopla = excitement created by a large amount of publicity
About the Conversation
1. What does Edward want Grandma to try?
2. What arguments does he make?
3. Is Edward successful in persuading Grandma?
Why or why not?
Persuading
(I’m sure) if you just give it a try, you’ll find that…
Your Turn Look at it this way…
Role-play with a partner. Tell your partner about One of the advantages is…
something you use or do, such as a kind of technology One reason you should consider…
or a sport. Try to persuade your partner to try it. Use Trust me on this…
What’s great about this is…
phrases for persuading.
38
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4 Conversation Name a recent product that there has been a lot

of hoopla about. (There was a lot of hoopla about
a Have students cover the conversation and focus
the new video game, but it turned out to be not
very good.)
their attention on the pictures. Ask: What do you
think the old lady is doing? (She is reading a book.) a Have students practice the conversation with their
What device do you see? (an electronic book reader partners, switching roles.
or e-reader) Ask students: Do any of you use an
e-reader? What do you like about it? What don’t you About the Conversation
like about it? How many books can it hold?
a Have students work with a partner to ask and answer
| Play the audio. Have students just listen with the the questions.
conversation still covered.
a Check answers by calling on students to read the
| Play the audio again. Have students listen and read questions aloud and answer them.
along.
Answers
Real Talk Answers will vary. Sample answers:
a Model the words and phrases for students to repeat. 1. He wants her to try reading on an electronic book reader.
Explain that all of these are informal words and 2.
E-book readers can hold hundreds of books. You can buy,
expressions that are used in casual conversation. They download, and start reading a book in minutes.
would not be used in formal writing. 3.
Edward does not persuade Grandma. She doesn’t want
a Ask questions about the phrases to help students to change.
understand their meaning in the context of the
conversation. For example, ask: Your Turn
What is Grandma lugging around? (her book)
a Call on a volunteer to read the directions aloud.
What does Edward want Grandma to ditch?
a Direct students’ attention to the box with the
(her book)
expressions for Persuading.
What does Edward suggest Grandma check out?
a Have students find examples of the phrases for
(e-book readers)
persuading in the conversation. (Trust me…, One of
If Grandma goes with the flow, what will she do? the advantages is…, Another great thing is…, I’m sure
(read from e-book readers rather than books) if you just gave it a try…)
Why does Grandma think using e-book readers is a Brainstorm a few ideas with the class for things you
hoopla? (She thinks they are just the latest fad.) might persuade your partner to try; for example: a
a Encourage students to use these words and phrases new website to download films from or a new brand
in real conversation. Arrange students in pairs to of skateboards.
discuss the following questions. Sample answers a Arrange students in pairs to role-play conversations,
are included in parentheses in case students need using phrases for persuading. Then have them
additional examples to help them understand. switch roles so that both students have the chance
What is something that you dislike lugging around? to persuade. As students are working, go around the
(I don’t like lugging around all of my books during the room and help as necessary. Make sure that students
day. They are so heavy.) do not write their conversations, as the focus here is
What is something you would like to ditch? (I’d like speaking practice.
to ditch my old laptop and get a new lighter one.) a Have one or two pairs act out their conversations for
When you go to the mall, what do you like to check the class.
out? (I always go to the video game store to check
out what’s new.)
Sometimes is it easier to go with the flow? Explain.
(I didn’t want to go to watch a film last weekend but
everyone else did so I just went with the flow.)
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3 3 What
What Will
Will They
They Think
Think of of Next?
Next?
5 Listening The e-newspaper will combine these advantages of print

newspapers with the advantages of online media, such as
constant and instant updates, interactivity, and video capability.
a Read aloud the directions. Have students study the
Replacing print newspapers with e-newspapers will mean that
chart to see what information they will listen for. newspaper companies would no longer have the enormous
| Play the audio. Tell students to listen but not to write costs of printing, manufacturing, and delivering newspapers.
their answers at this time. This will mean tremendous savings. One newspaper publisher
predicts, “By 2030 we will have shifted to an electronic
| Play the audio once for students to write the
format, and we will have stopped printing paper newspapers
advantages of each news format. Play it again for
completely. When that day comes, newspapers are going to go
them to write the disadvantages.
back to being the most important source of news for the public.”
a Have students check their answers in pairs and discuss
question 2.
Answers 6 Pronunciation
1. | Play the audio of the explanation as students read
Advantages Disadvantages
along in their books.
Print large, lightweight, not up-to-the-minute | Play the audio of the sentences for students to listen
portable news; not free and repeat, or speak along with the recording.
Online free; up-to-the-minute computer screen
news, interactivity,
video capability
graphics
Electronic look more like paper than A
a computer screen; large,
lightweight, portable; Have students work individually to match the words
a
savings for newspapers with their meanings.
2. Answers will vary. Answers
1. c 2. e 3. g 4. f 5. b 6. a 7. h 8. d
| Audioscript
Since the early 17th century, newspapers have had the same B
general format. The news has been printed in ink on paper. Have students compare answers with a partner.
a
Then the newspapers have been circulated to a particular area.
However, the Internet brought great change to the newspaper
industry. To stay competitive, it became important to have an Workbook
online presence. Today most major newspapers around the
world have an online version of their print paper.
Assign page 25 for additional reading practice.
Online newspapers present some important advantages. For
example, they can present up-to-the-minute news, instead
of having to wait to print the next edition of the paper. An
advantage to the reader is that most online news sources are free.
Teaching Tip
However, it seems almost certain that there are further changes
Students should first understand the main ideas of a listening
ahead for the way newspapers are presented and sold. Most before they listen for details. Let them listen to a passage once for
people in the newspaper industry feel that the next step will general understanding before asking them to listen to complete
be electronic newspapers. Electronic newspapers would use an activity.
technology related to today’s electronic book readers. Like these
readers, e-newspapers would use e-ink. Like a computer screen,
Additional Activity
e-ink has the ability to instantly refresh and change images. Draw a 6-column chart on the board with the headings br, pl, st,
However, e-ink uses paper instead of a computer screen, so e-ink str, spr, and gr. Have students work in pairs to list as many words
images look more like the images in actual books and newspapers. as they can that contain these consonant clusters in each column.
The electronic newspaper will have the look and feel of a Then have them practice saying the words.
print newspaper in other ways as well. It will be as large as the
typical print newspaper, with a lightweight, portable screen
that is flexible enough to be rolled or folded like a newspaper.
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5 Listening
Listen to the information about the future of newspapers.
Then complete the chart with the advantages and
disadvantages of each news format.
1.
Newspapers Advantages Disadvantages

Print
Online
Electronic
2. What do you think some disadvantages of the electronic newspaper might be?
6 Pronunciation
Consonant clusters may contain two or three consonants, for example: broken, plan, understand, street,
spray, hungry. Be careful not to separate the consonants in a cluster with a vowel sound or add a vowel
sound before the cluster. Listen and practice.
1. The Internet brought great change to the newspaper industry.
2. To stay competitive, it soon became important to have an online presence.
3. Newspapers could present up-to-the-minute news, instead of having to wait to print it.
4. The electronic newspaper reader will have the look and feel of a print newspaper.
5. It will have a portable screen that is flexible.
6. One newspaper publisher predicts, “By 2030, we will have stopped printing paper newspapers completely.”
1. ______ chain a. extremely difficult
2. ______ commonplace b. a path in space followed by a planet, moon, or spacecraft
3. ______ estimated c. a group of businesses owned by the same company
4. ______ lucrative d. expensive
5. ______ orbit e. frequent or usual
6. ______ rigorous f. producing a lot of money
7. ______ simulate g. given an approximate cost
8. ______ steep h. imitate
39
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8 Reading
Before Reading
If you could go into space, would you? Why or why not?
AN OUT-OF-THIS-WORLD VACATION
Things that once seemed impossible often
become commonplace with the passing of time.
There are people predicting that this will happen
with space tourism in the next decade or two.
Some are even investing in and developing
space tourism technology, believing that space
tourism will be the next big thing. They imagine
a future in which space travel will have become a
reality for millions of ordinary people.
At the moment, space tourism is only a
possibility for the incredibly wealthy. In 2001,
American multi-millionaire Dennis Tito paid $20
million to become the first space tourist. After
eight months of rigorous training, Tito traveled
aboard a Russian capsule that was launched by
an American company called ‘Space Adventures.’
He then spent seven days aboard the International Space Station. Since then, a number of other millionaire space tourists of
different nationalities have gone into space.
Although up to now only very wealthy people have had the opportunity to be space tourists, many see this as the
beginning of what will eventually become a lucrative new industry. There are several companies that have already invested
millions of dollars in developing new, reusable launch vehicles. Their goal is to lower launch costs enough to make it
possible for the average person to buy a ticket to space. The Japanese Rocket Society, for example, has set a target price of
one million yen (about $10,000).
Virgin Galactic, a British company owned by Richard Branson's Virgin Group, has been working on plans for sending people
into space for years. The company is about to begin testing of their eight-seat spacecraft, and expects that they will have
worked out any problems by 2020. When the spacecraft is shown to be safe, Virgin Galactic will begin their flights. Although
tickets are a steep £100,000 ($160,000), amazingly, the first year of flights has already been booked. One of these future
passengers is Lisa Ramirez, a mother of three. When asked why she was prepared to spend so much money on a Galactic
flight, Ramirez explained, “I’m 58 years old, and by the time this happens, I will have been dreaming of going to space for at
least 45 years!”
There are even companies working on plans to build hotels for space tourists. The Shimizu Corporation, a giant Japanese
construction company, has detailed plans for a hotel they expect to complete by 2020. They believe that by then they will
have created a 63-room hotel which will orbit 279 miles (450 kilometers) above the surface of Earth. The hotel will slowly
spin in order to produce enough force to simulate Earth's gravity. It is estimated that such a space hotel
would cost 6 to 12 billion dollars, and would take about six years to build.
Since water was discovered on the moon in 1998, the multi-national hotel chain, Hilton Hotels,
has been working on plans for a hotel on the moon. The plans call for a 5,000-room complex
with a beach, a working farm, a medical center, and even a school. Two huge solar panels
will generate the power. Hilton is working on this project with experts at NASA.
40
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8 Reading What will space tourists do for fun? (float around in the
zero gravity, and observe the stars and surroundings)
a With students’ books closed, ask: What is space a For additional vocabulary practice, refer students
tourism? (when ordinary people visit space for back to the Vocabulary Building exercise on page 39.
vacation) Do you think space tourism will become Have them find and underline each of the words in
common in your lifetime? Elicit students’ opinions. the article.
a Arrange students in pairs to discuss the Before a Call on students to use each vocabulary word in a
Reading question: If you could go into space, would sentence to explain how it is used in the context of
you? Why or why not? After a few minutes, elicit the reading. Sample answers may include:
answers from a few pairs. Hilton Hotels is a hotel chain that is working on plans
a Ask students to open their books to pages 40 and 41. to build a hotel on the moon.
Have them look at the title and pictures. Say: The title The writer thinks that space tourism will become
of this article is An Out-of-This-World Vacation. Ask: commonplace at some point in the future.
What does out-of-this-world mean? Elicit that this People have estimated the cost of building a hotel in
phrase has two meanings in this context: (1) It means Earth’s orbit to be very expensive.
literally outside of our world, in outer space; and (2) it Space tourism may be a lucrative industry if the costs
means extraordinarily exciting and great. Elicit or give can be lowered enough for average people to afford.
a few examples of the phrase out of this world with
A Japanese company plans to build a hotel that will
the second meaning. For example: Ahmed is an out-
orbit Earth.
of-this-world football player. He is sure to play on
a professional team. or I had an out-of-this-world The first space tourist had to undergo rigorous training
meal at the new Thai restaurant. It was the best in order to travel to the International Space Station.
food I’ve ever tasted. In order for a hotel to orbit Earth, it will have to spin to
simulate Earth’s gravity and not float away.
READING STRATEGY Predicting Currently, the price of traveling into space is very
steep. It is too expensive for average people.
a Ask students: What do you think this article will
be about? (space tourism) Ask: What do you think
you will learn from this article? Give students time Language Builder
to each write down three things they think they
The informal word steep means very expensive. There are many more
will learn. If students are unsure what to write, as an synonyms and idiomatic expressions to express this meaning. Here are
example, write on the board: I think I will learn who a few:
has taken a vacation in space.
a pretty penny, an arm and a leg, big-ticket, out of sight, pricey, rich,
a Elicit answers from students and write them on ritzy, sky high, stiff, and swank.
the board.
| Play the audio. Have students listen for the
predictions on the board.
a Check to see which predictions students got right.
Explain to students that taking the time to think about
and make predictions before they read will prepare
them for reading and increase their understanding.
| Play the audio again. Have students open their
books and read along as they listen.
a Ask a few general questions to check comprehension.
For example, ask:
Does space tourism exist now? (Yes, but only for a
few very wealthy people.)
Does the author think that space tourism will
become common in the future? (yes)
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16:02
3 3 What
What Will
Will They
They Think
Think of of Next?
Next?
After Reading
a Read the directions aloud. Have students work
Teaching Tip
individually to write true or false for each statement, Circulate and monitor group discussions. Be ready to offer ideas
looking back at the article as necessary to find the to bring lagging conversations back to life, to prevent students
answers. Have them rewrite each false statement to from monopolizing conversations, and to offer encouragement
and help as necessary.
be true.
AN OUT-OF-THIS-WORLD VACATION
a Have students check their answers with a partner. Additional Activity
Then check answers as a class by calling on pairs for Arrange students in small groups. Each student has a dictionary.
their answers. Choose a target word from the Reading. Say the word and read the
sentence aloud. For example, say: Space. At the moment, space
Answers tourism is only a possibility for the incredibly wealthy. All
1. false (He paid 20 million dollars.) students race to find the word in the dictionary and then stand up.
When all members of the group are standing, groups discuss which
2. false (The first year of flights is already booked.)
definition of the word space fits the context of the sentence. The first
3. true team to agree on the correct answer wins.
4. false (The hotel will spin in order to reproduce Earth’s gravity.)
5. false (The moon hotel will be powered by solar power.) Project: Tourism in the Future
6. true Working in groups, have students think of another type of
tourism that may exist in the future, such as under-the sea
9 Speaking
vacations. Have each group pretend to be a travel company that
is advertising their vacation. They create a presentation and
poster for the class. After the presentations, groups vote on which
a Arrange students in small groups to discuss vacation sounds like the most fun as well as which is the most
the questions. likely to happen.
a To keep students on task, give them about five
minutes to discuss each question.
a Assign the roles of leader, writer, and reporter. The
leader makes sure that each student is contributing Some companies estimate that space tourism will begin
ideas. The writer takes notes on the group’s ideas. (The to take off as early as 2012, with a large number of
writer should list the advantages and disadvantages passengers taking a two-hour space flight. The cost will
facts
that the group comes up with). be about $200,000.
a When time is up, the reporter summarizes their
group’s discussion for the class. Encourage the rest of
the class to respond to the reporters and ask questions
about ideas they are interested in.
Workbook
and sentence level.
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You may wonder what space tourists will do while in space. To begin with, most will
probably want to spend some time simply enjoying the incredible sight of Earth
from space. After that, no doubt they will spend some time gazing at the amazingly
bright stars, and will take a space walk or two. When space tourists have had their fill
of observing, they are likely to spend hours amusing themselves floating and doing
acrobatics in the zero gravity of space. This zero gravity could provide endless recreational
opportunities, including swimming in a zero gravity swimming pool in which people
move through a floating mass of water.
With so much research, energy, and money being poured into space tourism, it is
clear that it is a matter of when, rather than if space tourism will become a reality.
After Reading
Answer true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.
1. ____________ The first tourist in space paid two million dollars.
2. ____________ Virgin Galactic is struggling to book its first year of flights.
3. ____________ A Japanese construction company has plans to build a hotel in space.
4. ____________ The entire hotel will experience zero gravity.
5. ____________ The Hilton Hotel chain plans to power a moon hotel with wind power.
6. ____________ Hilton Hotels is working on the moon hotel with NASA.
9 Speaking
1. Work in groups/pairs. Think about space tourism in the future. Do you think it will happen?
Why? Why not?
2. What do you think some of the advantages and disadvantages will be?
3. Think about transportation, accommodation, cost, and advertising.
4 Make notes in the chart and use them to help you present your opinion and discuss in class.
Advantages of space tourism Disadvantages of space tourism My opinion
Space tourism
will / will not happen.
Reasons:
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10 Writing
A. 1. How do you think the world will have changed by the year
2050? Think about cities, crops, manufacturing, vehicles,
trade, homes and other buildings, measures to protect
people from environmental factors such as possible
radiation from nuclear power stations, etc.
2. Do you think changes will be good or bad? Why? Why not?
3. Read the essay about the future and find out what will have
happened or will be happening and make notes about:
• cities • land
• industry/manufacturing • vehicles/transportation
• shopping/commerce • homes/buildings
• hospitals • biospheres/shields
Compare notes and discuss in groups or in class.
4. What do you think of the vision of the future presented in
the essay? Which points do you agree/disagree with? Why?
By 2050, the world will have changed for the better in some ways and for the worse in others.
Cities will have expanded beyond Most homes will have gone off the will have been fitted with a special
conceivable limits and space will be grid and will be making optimal shield to protect them from harmful
restricted to a minimum. use of renewable sources of energy. radiation.
Land will be used to grow fuel Each home will have been furnished National heritage sites and densely
crops rather than food and this will with a hanging vegetable patch to populated wildlife habitats will
increase food shortages. Industry grow fresh food. Buildings will have also be protected with special
as we know it will have changed been fitted with special tanks to shields when required. English will
to accommodate new recycling collect rain water that will then be have developed into a different
systems that will optimize available processed and filtered to make it safe international variety shared by all on
materials to an extreme and save for use. Gray water from households a global basis.
natural resources. will be collected, processed, and Special, zero gravity hospitals will
used to water crops and clean have been constructed and placed
Conventional vehicles will have
external areas. in orbit above the earth. Regular
become obsolete. New small
vehicles and tele-transportation will Foundations for special biospheres shuttle or tube transportation will
have been introduced. Conventional will have been laid. Some will be have been installed for patients,
shopping will be restricted to a placed around existing building visitors, and staff.
few large, dome-shaped malls with complexes that satisfy safety and People will have developed a
moving aisles and stairs. Most trade environmental requirements and common conscience as citizens of
will be carried out electronically. others located outside the perimeter the Earth and will be committed to
E-commerce will be the bulk of of towns or neighborhoods marked maintaining as much of its remaining
trade. for demolition. All inhabited areas biodiversity as possible.
5. Read the text again and highlight future forms. Which form(s) are used more? Why?
6. Choose the sections that you disagree with. Maintain the structure and make changes to express your
ideas/vision. Exchange texts and compare.
42
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10 Writing
a Direct students to 4. Have them read the directions
and discuss their thoughts/views in pairs or small
groups. Remind them to check through the essay and
A make notes. Discuss in class.
a Direct students’ attention to the picture and the title. a Read the directions for task 5 with the class. Have
Give them a few minutes to discuss what they see in students identify future forms in paragraph 1. For
pairs. Ask them if they have seen images of the future example, will have expanded and will be restricted.
before. Paragraph 2: will be used, will increase, will have
a Have students brainstorm on good and bad changes. changed
Elicit ideas in class. Paragraph 3: will have become, will have been
a Organize students in pairs or small groups. Read the introduced, will be restricted, will be representing
directions for 1 and 2 and ask students to brainstorm Paragraph 4: will have gone, will be making, will
and think of what things will be like in the future. have been furnished, will have been fitted, will be
Allow them to discuss the answers with their partner processed and filtered, will be collected/ processed/
and make notes. used
Paragraph 5: will have been laid, will be placed/
a Call on students to report their answers for the class.
located, will have been fitted
Hold a class discussion about how cities, homes,
Paragraph 6: will be protected with special shields,
manufacturing, vehicles, trade, buildings, protective
will have developed.
measures against radiation will change and whether
a Have volunteers report answers/ideas for the class.
changes will be good or bad. Have students justify
their answers. List the ideas on the board. Elicit reasons for the
answers.
a Read the directions for 3 with the class. Ask students
a Read directions for task 4 with the class. Have students
to read the article and work individually to find the
answers and compare the information in the essay answer the questions individually.
with their ideas. Circulate and monitor. a Call on students to express their ideas. Encourage
a Have students compare answers with their partners. them to provide reasons for their answers. Have a
Call on volunteers to report answers for the class. class discussion.
a a Go through questions 5 and 6 with the class and ask
Play the audio and have students listen and follow. Tell
them to check their answers as they listen. them to highlight all the future forms they encounter.
Then say which are used more.
Answers:
Answers:
Cities: will have expanded and space will be restricted to a
minimum • Future with will for predictions: for example, will increase, will
be restricted.
Industry/ manufacturing: new recycling systems to optimize
• Future perfect: for example, will have expanded, will have
available materials and save natural resources
become, will have been introduced
Shopping/ commerce: conventional shopping restricted to a few • Passive forms: for example, will have been furnished, will be
large malls, trade will be carried out electronically placed
Hospitals: special, zero gravity hospitals will have been • Future with will for predictions and future perfect (will have
constructed and place to orbit above the earth. done)are used more as the text speculates about and predicts
Land: will be used to grow fuel crops rather than food. how things will be in the future.
Vehicles/transportation: Conventional vehicles will have a Call on a student to read aloud the directions for task
become obsolete, new small vehicles and tele-transportation will 6. Have students choose up to two sections that they
have been introduced. disagree with and rewrite them maintaining the same
Homes/buildings: Homes will have gone off the grid, buildings structure.
will have been fitted with special tanks to collect rain water. a Exchange texts and compare.
Biospheres/shields: Foundations for special biospheres will have
been laid around existing buildings or outside the perimeter of
doomed towns and neighborhoods.
Additional Activity
All inhabited areas will have been fitted with a special shield to
Ask students to read their predictions/ changed sections. The rest
protect them from harmful radiation. of the class listen and suggest the opposite, i.e. the section in the
original text that was changed.
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16:03
3 3 What
What Will
Will They
They Think
Think of of Next?
Next?
B assumptions that your reader does not necessarily

share. So you need to think about how to express your
a Read the directions for tasks 1, 2 and 3 with the class.
ideas clearly to get your point across to your reader.
a Organize students in pairs or small groups and have Planning can prevent repetition: Although, some
them think about a large change or discovery that will repetition might actually be necessary, going round
have taken place by 2030. Explain that it can be about in circles and saying the same thing in different ways
a number of different things, for example, replacing is not. Careful planning and reading your essay as you
face-to-face courses with exclusively online courses, write will help restrict or avoid unnecessary repetition/
substituting means of transport with tele-movement redundancy.
when it comes to sending objects to an address within
a Have students think about the content and plan their
a given radius/ area. Tell students to consider all the
essays individually or work in groups.
changes mentioned in the text and suggested by
a Have students work in small groups to research and
them earlier in the lesson or in the previous lesson.
draft their essays. Remind them to use the chart with
a Give pairs/groups time to decide and make notes.
their notes. Give them time to write their essays. Tell
a Elicit ideas from groups and call on volunteers to write them to feel free to modify the group essay if they
the main ideas on the board. Allow some overlap want.
between groups but encourage them to focus on
a Have students exchange drafts and make comments
different aspects.
or suggestions. Encourage them to read more drafts if
a Give groups time to think about and discuss the there is enough time. Ask them to use the comments
impact that changes will have on their own and others’ and rewrite their essays. Call on volunteers to read
lives. Tell them to make notes in the chart. their essays in class.
a Direct students to the Writing Corner. Ask them to
think about essays that they like and the reasons they
like them. Have students think about the content of Workbook
essays and how they are organized. Explain that a
personal essay does not have to be objective. This is Assign page 26 for additional writing practice above word
the type of essay where they can express their own and sentence level.
ideas.
a Read the guidelines in the Writing Corner with the
class. Pause and discuss each point. Emphasize the
advice given about planning as well as the structure
and organization of an essay.
Organize your thoughts and ideas: Tell students to
make notes and then decide on how they are going to
organize and present their ideas.
Be creative but focused: The more creative and
original one is in a personal essay the better, provided
that they don’t forget the purpose and topic that they
are supposed to be focusing on!
You don’t have to be objective: This is the reason
that writers can use “I” narration, include personal
anecdotes and thoughts as well as their own
interpretation of things. However, this often makes it
quite demanding on the author because the point
is to get those ideas across to the reader; not simply
express them for yourself.
Clarity: This is always one of the first priorities in this
type of text. There is always the risk that when writing
about your own thoughts you will make all kinds of
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MG_0
B. 1. Choose one large change or discovery that you think will happen by the year 2030.
2. Think about the impact this change will have on both your personal life and on society.
Write your ideas in the organizer.
3. Write an essay presenting your ideas and give some examples. Say if you think the change will be
positive or negative.
The change that will have taken place by 2030:
The impact on my life:
The impact on society:
Education in 2030
changed the way we
e th at te ch nology will have completely
By 20 30 , I be liev learn with the
ing to sc ho ol, we wil l be able to stay home and
learn. Instead of go ot. This is
e wa y we wil l do th is is to use an educational rob
use of computers. On ce. We will use the robot to
communicate
goes to sc ho ol in ou r pla
a robot which
r and our classmates ....
remotely with our teache
Writing Corner
When you write a personal essay which expresses your views:
• make notes before you start writing to plan what you want to say.
• organize your thoughts into paragraphs; for example, describe the change in the
introduction. Use the main body to talk about the impact on you and the impact on society.
• include a conclusion to sum up your views or opinions. Don’t include any new information in
the conclusion.
• be creative but focused on the topic.
• you don’t have to be objective.
• address your audience directly.
• use “I” narration, as in “I think” or “I feel.”
• include examples, personal anecdotes, thoughts, interpretations, or ideas.
• try to get your point across as clearly as possible.
• do not repeat yourself.
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Simple Present Tense
Yes/No Question (?) Short Answer (+) Short Answer (–)
Do they use the Internet? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
Does she have a laptop? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
Simple Present of the Verb Be and Information Questions
Information Questions (?) Answer
What’s your last name? It’s Al Zahrani.
How’s it going? Fine, thanks.
When’s the festival? It’s in February.
Where’s your friend from? He’s from Jeddah.
Who’s that tall man? That’s my uncle.
Why’s he here? He’s here for the festival.
Simple Past of the Verb Be and Be Born

Q: Where were you born? A: I was born in Oman.
Q: Where was he/she born? A: He/She was born in Kuwait.
Simple Past with Regular and Irregular Verbs

Yes/No Question (?) Short Answer (+) Short Answer (–)
Did you/he/she/they live in Riyadh? Yes, I/he/she/they did. No, I/he/she/they didn’t.
Information Questions (?) Answer
Where did you live? I lived in Riyadh.
What did you he wear? He wore formal clothing.
Irregular Past Forms
be—been drive—drove go—went make—made spend—spent
buy—bought eat—ate give—gave meet—met swim—swam
come—came feel—felt have—had ride—rode take—took
do—did fly—flew know—knew see—saw win—won
A. Interview a classmate. Ask for this personal information.
1. name 4. date of birth 7. telephone number
2. spelling of first and last names 5. nationality 8. email address
3. age 6. address 9. occupation
B. Read the predictions again made in 1900 on page 34 and 35. Which predictions came true? Which predictions
didn’t come true? Use the simple present and simple past tenses.
Life expectancy didn’t rise from 35 to the age of 50. It rose from 35 to the age of 75. People are taller now than
they were in 1900.
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11 Form, Meaning and Simple Past with Regular and Irregular Verbs
a Direct students’ attention to the examples in the
Function presentation. Call on students to read aloud the yes/no
questions and short answers. Have different students read
Simple Present Tense aloud the Wh-questions and answers.
a Have different students read out the question and a As a review, write regular and irregular at the top of two
short answers. columns on the board. Ask students to tell you verbs
a Write the example questions on the board and point that are regular in the past, and verbs that are irregular.
out the assimilation in the question (D’they use the If necessary, provide examples: watch/watched = regular;
Internet? D’you? D’she? etc). Emphasize the word stress go/went = irregular.
in the short answer: Yes, they DO. a Write the present and past tense forms of the verbs
a Have students practice the assimilation and

on the board in the correct columns. Get about five
examples of each.
intonation patterns of the questions and answers in
a Ask: How do we change a regular verb to talk about the past?
the examples.
(add -ed) What about verbs like study and cry that end in a
Simple Present of the Verb Be and consonant and y? (The y changes to i, and we add -ed.)
a Explain to students that the simple past form of irregular
Information Questions
verbs needs to be memorized. Point out that as they
a Have students brainstorm the question words they learn the simple past form of more irregular verbs, they
know before looking at the questions listed in the will start to see that the past forms of some of them are
presentation. relatively easy to predict, based on knowledge of other
a Choose students to read aloud the questions and verbs.
answers. Point out that we use the simple present
of be to talk about a present situation rather than an A
action or an event. a Ask students to stand up and walk around the class
a Focus their attention on the subject-verb order in the interviewing as many as people as possible. Set a time
questions and the answers. Ask: How is the word order limit of 15 minutes.
different in the questions on the left compared with the
answers on the right? Answers
a Ask students to form different questions of their own Students’ own answers
using the Wh-question words.
B
Simple Past of the Verb Be and Be Born a Tell students to read the text again on page 34 and 35.
They should underline any predictions that came true and
a Call on students to read out the questions and circle any that didn’t come true.
answers. Students should then form a chain around a Ask students to compare with their partner and write
the class and ask and answer with Where and When: sentences in their notebooks.
For example,
a Call on volunteers to write their sentences on the board.
A: Where were you born? B: I was born in Riyadh.
Correct any errors as a class.
B: When were you born? C: I was born in 1999.
C: Where were you born? D: I was born in … and so on. Answers
a Have the last student try to recall as much information
Students’ own answers
as possible about where and when each student was
born. For example, Dina was born in Riyadh. Nathalie
was born in 1998.
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16:03
3 3 What
What Will
Will They
They Think
Think of of Next?
Next?
Words Connected with Space and the

Planetary System: Part 1 Teaching Tip
a Ask students to research the topic before the lesson. Whenever possible, take the time to elicit students’ personal
Then quiz students on how much they know reactions to things like conversations, readings, and listening
about space and the planetary system. Write all the activities, in addition to focusing on the language.
information on the board. When working in groups on information g activities such as
a Go through the words in the vocabulary chart
the one in exercise D, encourage students to help one another
with accuracy and fluency. Tell students to help each other
crosscheck the list against any information already
with vocabulary and grammar by supplying missing words or
written on the board. Explain or elicit the meaning of structures or correcting any mistakes they hear.
any unknown words.
Give students some tips for giving effective feedback to their
a Read the examples. Call on students to give more classmates.
examples using words from the vocabulary chart and • Feedback should be positive as well as negative. Start by
the information on the board. pointing out the good things.
C • Make constructive suggestions, not negative comments.
a Ask students to complete the exercise alone and then • Avoid saying things like “This is bad.” or “I don’t like this.”
compare with a partner. • Ask questions about things you don’t understand.
a Call on volunteers to read out the sentences. Students • Don’t be too picky. Just focus on a few important items.
should listen carefully to check their answers.
Answers
1. solar system, Earth 3. meteor
2. star 4. build, moon
D
a Put students into pairs and explain they are going to
do a ‘jigsaw reading.’
a Explain that each student will read a different text but
on the same topic. Students should ask and answer
questions about each other’s texts to find out as much
information on the topic as possible.
a Encourage students to make notes on their partner’s
text. Students should then report to the class what
they have found out.
Answers
Workbook
Assign pages 29-30 for more practice with the form,
meaning and function of the structures in the unit.
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Words Connected with Space and the Planetary System: Part 1
Some words we associate with space and the planetary system are:
technology gas solar system rocks orbit
space station gravity the moon volcanoes launch
spacecraft stars the sun poisonous air land
robot car meteors Earth high mountains take photos
astronauts eclipse the planets atmosphere build
Our planet Earth is a lump of rock in space.
Each planet orbits the sun on its own invisible path.
The sun was formed by thick clouds of dust and gas.
The moon is the only place in space where people have landed.
An eclipse is when the moon moves in front of the sun for a short time. The sky gets darker
and the temperature drops.
C. Complete these facts about space with an appropriate word. Use the vocabulary words above.
1. The sun is at the center of our . is one planet in a group of eight
planets. Scientists now consider Pluto to be a dwarf planet.
2. The sun is a . Because it is very close to Earth, it looks bigger than the other stars.
3. Sometimes a crashes into the moon and makes a crater or giant hole in the surface.
4. In the future, scientists want to hotels on the so people can go there on vacation.
D. Work with a partner. One person should read EXTRACT 1 and the other person should read EXTRACT 2.
Ask and answer each other to talk about your reading extract.
A: What is EXTRACT 2 about?
B: It’s about space tourism and what tourists will do in space.
A: What will they do?
EXTRACT 1 EXTRACT 2
Are humans the only intelligent life in the universe? There are companies working on plans to build hotels for space
Or, are we just one of many advanced civilizations out tourists. The Shimizu Corporation, a giant Japanese construction
there? While people used to assume we were alone in company, has detailed plans for a hotel they expect to complete by
the universe, we now know that the galaxy contains 2020. They believe that by then they will have created a 63-room
over 100 billion stars. This fact has led many scientists hotel which will orbit 279 miles (450 kilometers) above the surface
to think it unlikely that we are the only intelligent life of Earth. The hotel will slowly spin in order to produce enough force
form in the universe. Some of these scientists have to simulate Earth’s gravity. It is estimated that such a space hotel
devoted themselves to searching for other civilizations. would cost 6 to 12 billion dollars, and would take about six years to
This search is commonly referred to as the Search for build. You may wonder what space tourists will do while in space.
Extraterrestrial Intelligence, or SETI. Since the SETI To begin with, most will probably want to spend some time simply
program began in 1959, scientists have been scanning enjoying the incredible sight of Earth from space. After that, no doubt
the sky for signals sent by another, alien civilization. they will spend some time gazing at the amazingly bright stars, and
To do this, they use the world’s largest radio telescope will take a space walk or two. When space tourists have had their
which is located in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. The Arecibo fill of observing, they are likely to spend hours amusing themselves
telescope is 1,000 feet (305 meters) in diameter. This floating and doing acrobatics in the zero gravity of space. This zero
telescope is so large, it is said that it could hold 10 gravity could provide endless recreational opportunities, including
billion bowls of cornflakes! The telescope collects and swimming in a zero gravity swimming pool in which people move
sends data to SETI computers 24 hours a day. through a floating mass of water.
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12 Project
Take a closer look at your neighborhood or an area in your town and think about changes that
have been taking place over the last year or two.
1. Look at the area and write things that you see, e.g. old and new buildings, sidewalks, street
lights, new and old stores, traffic, sanitation system, parks, etc.
2. Research and collect information about constructions or other projects. Talk to people
who live in the area. This type of information will give you ideas about the kinds of
development/changes that will probably take place.
3. Use the chart to make notes about the information and your ideas.
4. Think of how the area will have changed by 2030 or 2040.
5. Select and print out pictures or draw if possible.
6. Use your notes and pictures to prepare a PowerPoint presentation for your class.
The area as you see/know The area as you imagine Comment on change
it now it in 2030 or 2040 (positive or negative)
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12
to use the chart and make notes. Set a time limit for
Project groups to discuss and decide on speculations and
predictions that they would like to focus on
a Direct students to the photos of Riyadh. Have the
a Circulate and monitor participation. Encourage
students compare the two photos. Explain that the
quieter students to participate. Help when necessary.
black and white photo on the left shows buildings in
a Allow time for research. This means that if students
an older part of town whereas the photo on the right
is a view of Riyadh as we see it now. don’t have access to the internet or a library they
might not be able to collect the information and/or
a Have the students work in pairs to identify changes
photos they need. In this case it would be advisable
that have taken place in the city.
to ask them to share the tasks they need to complete,
a Circulate and monitor to make sure all students are do the research, collect information and visuals and
contributing. Help when required. complete their presentation in the next lesson.
a Call on pairs to report their ideas and discuss the a Call on each group to present their PowerPoint
changes in class. Ask the students questions like presentation.
these?
a Have students choose the presentations they like
Do you think that the people who lived in Riyadh
best to include in their class portfolio.
100 years ago could foresee how their city was
going to change?
What do you think they expected?
a Read the directions for tasks 1, 2 and 3. Additional Activity
a Organize students in groups and have them Have students work in groups to plan and create a poster
showing a futuristic image of their town.
brainstorm on their neighborhood or an area in their
town that they are familiar with. Ask them to think
about the changes that have taken place over the last
couple of years. Suggest that they think about :
Buildings
Stores
Street lights
Traffic lights
Sidewalks
Traffic
Sanitation system
Encourage them to add their own ideas.
a It might help if you ask them to find and bring in
photos in advance or download and print out some
photos yourself to distribute to groups.
a Encourage them to think about different things if they
wish. Remind them to choose one or two people in
their group to make notes as they discuss their ideas.
a Call on a student from each group to report in class.
Ask students to listen and make notes so you can
decide whether different areas have changed in
similar ways over the last few years.
a Tell students that they will have to design a
PowerPoint presentation about future changes in the
area of their choice.
a Call on a student to read the directions for tasks 4, 5
and 6. Encourage them to use their imagination and
visualize changes in the area.
a Have students read directions 1 to 6 and tell them
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16:03
3 3 What
What Will
Will They
They Think
Think of of Next?
Next?
13
board and brainstorm on language and information
Self Reflection that students remember. Call on volunteers to list as
a Write ‘What Will They Think of Next?’ on the board and
a Organize students in pairs and ask them to answer
elicit as many ideas and words as possible from the
questions like these:
class. List the words on the board.
What is your opinion about space tourism?
a Have students scan pages 34 and 35. Ask them to Would you have chosen space toursim as a travel
think about things they liked and things they disliked option? Why? Why not?
about this part of the unit. Use questions to help
them remember. For example:
before about likes, dislikes and things they found easy
How will the following things change in the
or difficult.
future?
People Language Transportation Traffic
Media Deliveries Communication say what they know/remember about the changes in
the world by the year 2050. Give them some time to
work in pairs and then call on volunteers to answer.
a Have students scan pages 42 and 43 and make notes
a Before directing students to pages 36, 37, ask them to
as before.
rephrase some sentences. Tell them to try and convey
the same meaning. For example:
Jake likes planning ahead and having everything discussion about what they found more or less useful
ready well in advance. and more or less interesting. Hold a class discussion
He is going to fly to Canada in ten days. So he’s about project work. Elicit ideas from the students and
made a plan: have them present their experiences for the class.
Tomorrow: buy new suitcase and gifts Did they have difficulty making decisions in their
Day after tomorrow: Make a list of things to pack group? Why? Why not?
and a shopping list Did they feel that they had the chance to present
And so on until a day before the trip, down to the their ideas?
last detail. Add more things for Jake to do during Was it difficult or easy to collect information
the rest of the week, before he leaves. Then about the place chosen? Why? Why not?
complete the sentence: Where did they find information? Where did they
By the day before his trip Jake_________________ find photos?
___________________________ Did they enjoy preparing and making the
You won’t be able to see Richard if you are presentation?
planning to arrive in 5 days. By the time you get Would they change anything if they had the
here he _________________________________ chance to do it again? What?
___(on the plane/ fly to New York) Was there room for originality and creativity?
Why? Why not?
a Have volunteers answer the questions. Elicit more
a Have students fill out the checklist alone and write
options from pairs of students after you give them a
couple of minutes to think. their five favorite words.
a a Discuss areas that students feel they need more work
Discuss the grammar of the unit with the class. Call on
volunteers to say if they found it easy or difficult and on and make suggestions.
give reasons.
a Have students make notes in the Self Reflection chart.
items.
say what the conversation is about in this lesson, and
which expressions they remember.
a Have students say what they remember from this
section and make notes in the chart.
a Write AN OUT-OF-THIS-WORLD VACATION on the
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13 Self Reflection

discuss technology invented over the last 100 years
discuss technology of the future
make predictions about life in the future
use the future perfect and the future perfect progressive
use the future with dependent time clauses
ask information questions
use be and be born in the present and the past
know some regular and irregular past verb forms
talk about space and the planets


from the unit again
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EXPANSION Units 1–3
1 Language Review
A. Complete each sentence with other, others, or another.
1. I’m almost done with this soda. Can you please bring
me _______________?
2. Some predators wait for their prey to come to them. _______________
predators chase their prey.
3. Don is so materialistic. Although he already has two cars, he’s going
to buy _______________.
4. One lucrative crop for many farmers is soy beans.
_______________ is corn.
5. He excels in football, track, gymnastics, and a handful
of _______________ sports.
6. That store is a chain. There are a few in Spain and Italy
and _______________ in France and Germany.
7. One of the most famous children’s books by Dr. Seuss is The Cat in the
Hat. _______________ are One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish and Horton
Hatches the Egg.
8. One option would be to spend the money on a vacation.
_______________ would be to put it in a savings account.
B. Rewrite the underlined sentences with used to, be used to, or would.
He’s a very humble man. He doesn’t usually take credit for anything.
He’s not used to taking credit for anything.
1. When he lived in Riyadh, he often drove by Faisaliah Tower.
2. Bobby felt lonely when his sister went to college. It felt strange not having
her in the house.
3. This coffee shop is where I studied when I was in college.
4. He’s much more materialistic now than he was when he was a teenager.
5. The cough was so persistent, after a while she didn’t even notice it.
6. When I was younger, I exercised rigorously. Now I hardly exercise at all.
7. I usually shop in small stores. I don’t usually shop in chain stores.
8. He has always loved electronics. When he was a child, he and his dad
built circuit boards together.
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B
Unit Goals a This exercise reviews the use of used to, be used to,
and would for repeated actions in the past, which
Language Review Writing was presented in Unit 2. Refer students back to the
Write an essay about grammar charts on page 22 to review as necessary.
Reading the history of a common a Remind students that used to is used to talk about an
Is Anybody Out There? device or technology activity that was done habitually in the past. Would
and how it will change can also be used to talk about past habitual actions.
Language Plus in the future Be used to is used to talk about something that has
Idioms with world
become familiar or habitual.
a Have a student read aloud the directions and the
example sentence.
1 Language Review a Do the first sentence with the class as an additional
example. Point out that since this sentence describes
A a past habitual action, either would or used to can be
used in the new sentence.
a This exercise reviews the use of other, others, and
a Have students work individually to rewrite the
another, which was presented in Unit 1. Refer
students to the grammar chart on page 8 to review as sentences, and then compare answers with a partner.
necessary. a To check answers as a class, call on volunteers to write
a As a quick review, write the following conversation on

their sentences on the board.
the board for students to complete.
Answers
A: It’s too cold to go swimming today. Do you
have ___ idea? (another) Answers will vary. Sample answers:
B: Everyone is waiting for us. You don’t want to 1.
When he lived in Riyadh, he often drove by Faisaliah Tower./
When he lived in Riyadh, he often used to drive by Faisaliah
go outside but the ___ do. (others)
Tower.
A: Well, what ___ things can you do outside
2. He was used to having her in the house.
when it’s cold? (other)
3.
I used to study at this coffee shop when I was in college. /
Ask two students to read the conversation aloud. This coffee shop is where I would study when I was in college.
a Have students work individually to complete the 4.
He is much more materialistic now than he used to be when
exercise sentences. Then have students compare their he was a teenager.
answers with a partner. 5. The cough was so persistent, after a while she was used to it.
a Check answers as a class by calling on students to 6.
When I was younger, I would exercise rigorously. / When I was
read the completed sentences aloud. younger, I used to exercise rigorously.
7. I am not used to shopping in chain stores.
Answers 8.
When he was a child, he and his dad would build circuit boards
1 another together. / When he was a child, he and his dad used to build
2. Other circuit boards together.
3. another
4. Another
5. other
6. others
7. Others
8. Another
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16:03
a Walk around and monitor students as they work,

C offering assistance with vocabulary and grammar
a This exercise reviews the future perfect, which was as necessary.
presented in Unit 3 on page 36. It can also serve as a a To check answers as a class, call out each of the
review of the emphatic do, which was presented in prompts from the captions. Elicit sentences about
Unit 1 on page 8. Through students’ discussion, it can each prompt. For example, say: Marital Status. Elicit:
also serve as a review of the future perfect progressive Asma used to live with her parents. In ten years, Asma will
and the future with dependent time clauses, which have gotten married and had two children.
were also presented in Unit 3 on page 36.
a Have a student read aloud the directions. Then have Answers
different students read aloud each of the questions.
a Have students work in groups of three or four to
• Ten years ago, Asma used to eat unhealthy food.
discuss and answer the questions. Assign one person
• She was going to be a history professor.
in each group the role of English teacher to make
• She would eat while she was studying.
sure that students are using the future perfect in their
discussion. Assign another student in each group the • In ten years, Asma will have gotten married.
role of reporter. • She will have had two children.
a Call on the reporters of each group to report on some • Asma will have become a history professor.
of their answers. •
In ten years, Asma will have been eating healthier foods for
a long time.
Answers
1.
I do think scientists will have found a cure for cancer. Workbook
2. I do think space travel will have become commonplace. Assign pages 31–33 for review of vocabulary and
3. I do not think that the world will have become more peaceful. grammar presented in Units 1–3.
4.
I do think that we will have started using something other than
gas to run our cars.
5. I do think that global warming will have slowed down.
6.
I do not think that engineers will have developed a computer
capable of thought.
7.
I do not think that scientists will have contacted life on
other planets.
D
a This exercise reviews the grammar points presented in
Units 2 and 3. Refer students to the charts on pages 22
and 36 for reference as necessary.
a Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions. Call on
other volunteers to read aloud the captions beneath
each picture.
a Have students work in pairs to write sentences,
describing Asma and her life ten years ago, and
Asma and her life ten years from now. Have them
write at least two sentences for each of the grammar
points listed.
a When pairs have finished writing their sentences, have
them join another pair to compare their sentences.
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C. Answer and discuss these questions about life in the year 2050.
1. Do you think scientists will have found a cure for cancer?
2. Do you think space travel will have become commonplace?
3. Do you think the world will have become more peaceful?
4. Do you think we will have started using something other than gas to run our cars?
5. Do you think global warming will have slowed down?
6. Do you think engineers will have developed a computer capable of thought?
7. Do you think scientists will have contacted life on other planets?
D. Look at the pictures of Asma below. Write sentences about her, using the following grammar
points from Units 1–3.
used to future perfect
was going to future perfect progressive
would future with dependent time clauses
Asma, 10 years ago Asma, 10 years from now
Marital status: single, lives at home with parents Marital status: married, two children
Occupation: student Occupation: history professor
Hobbies: writing poetry, playing video games Hobbies: writing poetry, gardening
Likes: sleeping late, spending time with friends Likes: spending time with family, eating
Dreams: to become a professor, to get married healthy foods
and have kids, to have laser eye surgery Dreams: to get more sleep!
49
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2 Reading
Before Reading
1. Do you think there is life on other planets?
2. If there were life on other planets, how could
we find this out?
IS ANYBODY OUT THERE?

Are humans the only intelligent life in the universe? Or, are we just one of many advanced civilizations out
there? While people used to assume we were alone in the universe, we now know that the galaxy contains
over 100 billion stars. This fact has led many scientists to think it unlikely that we are the only intelligent life
form in the universe. Some of these scientists have devoted themselves to searching for other civilizations.
This search is commonly referred to as the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, or SETI.
Since the SETI program began in 1959, scientists have been scanning the sky for signals sent by another,
alien civilization. To do this, they use the world’s largest radio telescope which is located in Arecibo, Puerto
Rico. The Arecibo telescope is 1,000 feet (305 meters) in diameter. This telescope is so large, it is said that
it could hold 10 billion bowls of cornflakes! The telescope collects and sends data to SETI computers
24 hours a day.
Many people don’t realize that in addition to searching for radio waves, we humans are sending them out
into space as well. This is because all of the radio and television signals that come into our homes also
travel into space. We have been constantly and unintentionally leaking radio
waves into space for over sixty years now. One day these signals
may be detected by an alien civilization. In fact, it is possible
that aliens are already listening to Who Wants to Be a
Millionaire?, CSI, and The Simpsons!
Although SETI has found some unexplained
signals, there have not been any clear, confirmed
extraterrestrial signals yet. However, SETI scientists are
not at all discouraged. They know that the universe is
vast, and searching the entire sky for a distant signal is
like searching for a needle in a haystack.
Not only are SETI scientists not discouraged, they are
actually more optimistic than ever before. They do feel that in
another 50 or 100 years, they will have succeeded in detecting
Arecibo Radio Telescope alien signals. What is the reason for this confidence? Previous
searches were limited by the shortcomings of available technology. For
example, while there are hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy, fewer than
a thousand have been monitored for alien signals. But technology is improving all the time. As technology
improves, scientists are going to have a better chance of picking up alien signals. In the next few decades,
hundreds of thousands of stars, maybe even millions, will have been monitored.
50
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2 Reading Culture Notes

TV in the USA
a Have students open their books to pages 50 and 51
Who wants to be a Millionaire?, The Simpsons, and CSI are
and look at the pictures. Discuss the Before Reading popular TV programs in the U.S.
questions as a class. Ask: How many people think
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a TV quiz show which
there is life on other planets? How many don’t?
offers large money prizes for answering correctly
Count up the responses and write them on the board.
multiple-choice questions.
a Read the title aloud: Is Anybody Out There? Ask:
The Simpsons is an animated TV show that has aired
What do you think this title means? (The author is
since 1989 in the U.S. It is the longest running sitcom
questioning whether there is any other intelligent life
and animated show in U.S. history. The most popular
somewhere in space.)
?
characters on the show are Bart Simpson and his
a Have students close their books. Write on the
father Homer.
board: What does SETI stand for? (the Search for
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation is an American crime
Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Tell students they will
drama TV series. It is about Crime Scene Analysts working
listen for the answer to this question.
for the Las Vegas Police Department. It is said that CSI has
| P
lay the audio of the article. Elicit the answer to the been recognized as the most popular crime drama.
question on the board.
SETI
| P
lay the audio again. Have students open their
SETI refers to any scientific experiments or activities that
people do to find life outside of Earth.
a Ask a few general questions to check comprehension.
For example, ask: The SETI Institute is located in California, USA. It is a private,
nonprofit organization, founded in 1984. It employs over
How have scientists been looking for extraterrestrial
150 scientists, educators, and support staff. Its formal
life? (They have been using radio telescopes to search
mission is to “explore, understand, and explain the origin,
for signals from alien civilizations.)
nature, and prevalence of life in the universe.”
Why is the Arecibo telescope important? (It is the
largest radio telescope in the world.)
Who uses the Arecibo telescope? (SETI scientists,
SETI@home program volunteers)
Have there been any confirmed extraterrestrial
signals? (no)
Language Builder
The word extraterrestrial is made up of the Latin words extra (outside
of or beyond) + terrestris (the planet Earth). It can be used to describe
things from outer space but also can just mean an alien from outer
space. The name of the popular science fiction movie about a space
alien, E.T., is an abbreviation for the word extraterrestrial.
Language Builder
Searching for a needle in a haystack is an idiom used to describe
looking for something that is very difficult to find, especially in a large
space or among other things.
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EXPANSION
EXPANSION 1–3 1–3
Units Units
After Reading Discussion

a Arrange students in groups to discuss and answer
A the questions.
a Ask a student to read aloud the directions. Make sure a Have one person from each group report some of
that students understand they will match up the the group’s ideas to the class. Discuss any differing
words in the left column with the words that mean opinions with the whole class.
the exact same thing in the right column.
a Have students search the article for the words in the
left column and underline them. Tell them to study
the context of the word in order to guess its meaning.
Additional Activity
Write on the board the following quotes. Ask students to discuss
Then they look for the synonym in the right column.
IS ANYBODY OUT THERE?

and agree or disagree with each.
a Have students compare their answers with a partner.
Then check answers as a class by calling on pairs to We have no proof, but if we extrapolate, based on the best
read aloud the vocabulary word and its synonym. information we have available to us, we have to come to the
conclusion that...other life probably exists out there and perhaps
Answers in many places...
—Neil Armstrong
1. b
2. d If, in fact, we are able to find life or to answer the question
3. c “Are we alone?” then that certainly is grand enough and noble
4. e enough to be the enduring legacy of our civilization.
5. f
—NASA, October 1999
6. a
7. g Culture Notes
B Neil Armstrong
a Have students work either individually or in pairs to Neil Armstrong was an American astronaut. In 1969, he
answer the questions, referring back to the article as was the first person to set foot on the moon. His most
necessary. famous quote is what he said when he took his first step
a Have pairs join another pair to form a small group to on the moon: “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant
compare and discuss their answers. leap for mankind.”
a Check answers as a class by calling on pairs to read NASA
aloud the questions and answer them. NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. It is the U.S. government agency that is
Answers responsible for the space program.

1. The goal is to find other civilizations in the universe. Workbook
2.
Only a small number of stars in the universe have been
monitored for signals. Assign pages 34-35 for additional writing practice at word
3.
Technology is improving and volunteers add more computing
and sentence level.
power to the search.
4. We send signals into space through radio and TV waves.
5.
SETI@home is a volunteer program in which people allow
their computers to analyze data gathered from the Arecibo
radio telescope.
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Dan Wertheimer, a SETI researcher at the University of California
in Berkeley, says, “We’re making incredible progress. The more
computing power you have, the better job you can do looking
for these signals. Capabilities have been doubling every year.” One
reason SETI’s computing power has been increasing is a volunteer
program started in 1999 called SETI@home, in which the computers
of ordinary people around the world are used to analyze SETI data.
Through the SETI@home program, volunteers download a special
SETI screensaver to their home computer. When the computers are
not in use and go into screensaver mode, the computers begin to analyze data gathered by the Arecibo
radio telescope. The home computers search through the data for any signals that may have been created
by an alien civilization. There are currently over 5 million volunteers in 225 countries participating in this
program. Wertheimer says, “If you’re the lucky one that finds that distant signal, then you might get the
Nobel Prize, but you’ll have to share it with 2 million people around the world who are helping us analyze
that data.”
Some people find it hard to believe that perhaps one day we will be communicating with aliens from distant
planets. But others feel differently. Eighty-six-year-old Daniel Jackman says, “When I was a young man, if you
had told me that one day we were going to send people into space, I would’ve told you that you were crazy.
Now I know better. Just because we’re used to certain limitations doesn’t mean we can’t go beyond them.”
We may well learn one day that we are not alone in the universe. In the meantime, when sitting on your
couch, watching your favorite TV program, consider that an alien civilization may be listening to it with you!
After Reading
A. Match each word to its synonym.
1. ______ diameter a. accidentally
2. ______ detected b. width
3. ______ limitations c. restrictions
4. ______ monitored d. observed
5. ______ optimistic e. searched
6. ______ unintentionally f. hopeful
7. ______ vast g. enormous
B. Answer the questions.

1. What is the goal of the SETI program?
2. Why haven’t any signals been picked up from other planets yet?
3. Why are SETI scientists confident that they have a better chance of picking up signals in the future?
4. How do we send signals into space?
5. What is SETI@home?
Discussion
1. Do you think the SETI project will ever be successful? Why or why not?
2. Do you think it is a good idea to try to contact alien civilizations? Why or why not?
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3 Language Plus
A B C
be in another world carry the weight of the be on top of the world

world on (one’s) shoulders
D E F
be worlds apart The world is (one’s) oyster. Where in the world...?
Complete each sentence with an idiom shown. Be sure to put each idiom in the correct tense.
1. I just can’t find my glasses. ______________________________________________ could they be?
2. After Jim won the tennis championships, he ___________________________________________.
3. Dan and Warren have different views on everything. They _________________________________.
4. You need to stop worrying and quit __________________________________________________.
5. Frank is so happy with his success, he doesn’t seem aware of anything else. It’s like he ___________.
6. He graduated at the top of his class. He can do anything he wants with his life. ________________.
4 Writing
Tools for Writing: Commonly Confused Words
Fewer and less have the same meaning. They are both the opposite of more.
However, fewer is used with count nouns and less is used with noncount nouns.
Fewer people are buying newspapers than ever before.
Since the new police chief took over, there has been less crime in our city.
Farther is used to talk about distance. Further is used to mean additional.
Most Arabian bred horses can run faster and farther than English bred horses.
I’m going to call the school to get further information about the program.
Complete each sentence with the correct commonly confused word.

1. The invention of the microwave made it possible to cook meals in _________ time.
2. I make __________ grammatical mistakes than I used to.
3. I don’t want to discuss this any ___________.
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3 Language Plus (F) Where in the world…?

Ask: What is the boy doing? (He is looking for his
a Focus students’ attention on the pictures and the glasses.) Where is he looking? (all over the world)
idioms. Call on students to read each idiom aloud. When would you say Where in the world…? (when
Ask: What do these idioms have in common? (They you are looking everywhere for something and have
all contain the word world.) no idea where it could be)
a Ask questions about each picture to elicit the a Have students work individually to complete the
meaning of the idiom. For example: sentences with the idioms.
(A) be in another world a Have students compare answers with a partner. Then
call on pairs to read the completed sentences.
Ask: Where are the two boys? (They are sitting on
Earth.) Where is the other boy? He is sitting on a
Answers
different planet all alone.) How does the boy sitting
alone look? (He doesn’t seem to notice or mind that 1. Where in the world
he is on a different planet.) What do you think it 2. was on top of the world
means to say someone is in another world? (The 3. are worlds apart
person is not paying attention to what is going on 4. carrying the weight of the world on your shoulders
around him or her. The person is daydreaming or 5. is in another world
involved with his or her own thoughts.) 6. The world is his oyster.
(B) carry the weight of the world on (one’s) shoulders
Ask: What is the boy doing? (He is carrying Earth on
his shoulders.) How does he look? (He looks tired and
unhappy.) When would you say that someone looks
4 Writing
like this? (when someone has a lot of troubles or
problems to worry about)
Tools for Writing: Commonly
(C) be on top of the world Confused Words
Ask: Where is the boy? (He is on top of the world.) a Call on a student to read the explanation and
What is he holding? (a trophy) How does he look? examples with fewer and less. Write the following
(very happy and proud) When would you say that sentences on the board for students to complete:
someone is on top of the world? (when someone We’ve had ___ snow than usual this year. (less)
is happy and proud after winning or succeeding at We’ve had ___ snow days than usual this year.
something important) (fewer)
(D) be worlds apart a Have a student read the explanation and examples
Ask: Where are the two boys? (They are standing with farther and further. Write the following sentences
on different planets.) How do they look? (They look on the board for students to complete:
angry and are not talking to each other.) When would I am too tired to walk much ___. (farther)
you say that two people are worlds apart? (when
We are too tired for ___ exercise. (further)
they are not in agreement or are thinking or doing
very different things) Emphasize that farther always refers to physical
distance while further does not.
(E) the world is (one’s) oyster
Ask: What is usually inside an oyster? (a pearl, which Answers
is a valuable gem) If you have an oyster, are you
1. less
fortunate or unfortunate? (fortunate) If the whole
world is inside your oyster, what do you have? (the 2. fewer
whole world and all of its opportunities in your hands) 3. further
When would you say that the world is someone’s
oyster? (when the person can do or get anything he
or she wants, such as the man in the picture who is
graduating from school)
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EXPANSION
Units Units
Writing Prompt a Write the grammar points from Units 1, 2, and 3 on

the board for reference. Ask students to try to use
a Read the Writing Prompt with the class. Point out the
these points in their writing when appropriate. It is not
note that explains the purpose of an expository essay. necessary for students to use all of them.
a Focus students’ attention on the sample essay at the
other, others, and another
bottom of the page: The Past, Present, and Future of the
emphatic do
Telephone. Have a student read it aloud. Explain that
this is just the beginning of a sample essay, but point used to and be used to
out how it mentions what telephones were like in would for repeated action in the past
the past and will probably go on to make predictions was going to (future in the past)
about what telephones will be like in the future. future perfect
a Brainstorm common devices or technology that future perfect progressive
students might write about in their essays. Some ideas the future with dependent clauses
include the radio, the computer, wireless technology,
a Have students work individually to write a draft of their
the microwave, automobiles, and the television.
essay. Then they exchange drafts with a partner and
comment on each other’s essays.
Developing Your Writing: a Finally, students reread and revise their essays, taking
Prewriting Techniques into consideration their partner’s comments before
a Before students begin to write their essays, have submitting them for assessment.
them read the box Developing Your Writing:
Prewriting Techniques.
a Call on students to explain each of the three Teaching Tip
prewriting techniques in their own words. When students are reading each other’s essays, give them
a Tell students to each choose one prewriting guidelines for giving feedback. Suggest that they follow 3 steps:
technique: freewriting, brainstorming, or questioning. Step 1: Compliment
Give them about five minutes to use one of the Step 2: Make suggestions
techniques in preparation for writing their essay. Step 3: Offer corrections
a Elicit feedback on the prewriting techniques. First, students should say what they like about the essay. For
Ask: Was it helpful? Do you have more ideas example, they might comment on how interesting the topic is or
about what to write in your essay now? how organized the ideas are. Next, they should make suggestions
for improving the essay by pointing out areas that are unclear
or may need more information. Finally, they should point out
Write Your Essay any spelling, punctuation, or grammar mistakes that they see.
a Read aloud the directions for writing the essay. Emphasize to students that the purpose of reading each other’s
a Have students copy down the chart from their books essays is to learn from each other, improve their essay, and
to complete. Students may need time outside of class, improve their own general writing skills.
in the library or on the Internet, to research their topic.
Explain that using this chart will be a helpful way to
organize their notes when doing their research.
Workbook
Assign page 36 for additional writing practice above word
and sentence level.
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An exp
os
is an es itory essay
say in w
the wri hi
ter exp ch
describ lain
Writing Prompt es, or g s,
inform ives
Write an expository essay about a common device or technology. Write about ation
about
the history of the technology, and make predictions about how you think a subje
the technology will change in the future. Include grammar points from Units ct.
1, 2, and 3.
Write Your Essay

1. Decide on the type of device or technology you will write about.
2. Use a chart to organize your ideas. Write your topic at the top. Then write ideas about the past, present,
and future of the device or technology.
Device/Technology:
3. Write a draft of your essay.
Past Present Future
4. Have a partner read and comment on
your draft. Use your partner’s comments
and suggestions to revise your essay.
Developing Your Writing: Prewriting Techniques

Prewriting is an important first step in the writing process. Prewriting helps you explore and gather
your ideas before you begin organizing and writing your essay. These are some of the most common
types of prewriting techniques:
Freewriting: Freewriting involves taking the time (usually about five minutes) to write down all of
the ideas you have about your topic before you begin researching or organizing the topic. When you
freewrite, do not worry about using correct spelling, grammar, or punctuation, or even writing in
complete sentences.
Brainstorming: Like freewriting, the purpose of brainstorming is to capture all of the ideas you have
on a topic before you begin writing about it. However, when you brainstorm you only write words or
phrases related to your topic.
Questioning: Ask the journalist’s five W’s—Who? What? When? Where? Why?—about the topic. List
as many questions as you can about the topic. This will help you start thinking about questions to
research and answer in your essay.
The Past, Present, and Future of the Telephone

Telephones are something we all take for granted. We are so used to having
them that it is hard to imagine that they were only invented a little over 100
years ago. Just think, at the beginning of the twentieth century there were
fewer than four million phones in the world. And if you wanted to speak with
another person over the phone, you would need an operator to make the
connection between you and the other person. Telephone technology has
changed a lot over the last 100 years, and I believe in just another ten or twenty
years it will have changed radically from what it is today…
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4 The World of TV
1. What is your favorite TV film? Explain why it is your favorite.
2. Which of the following genres do you like best: animation, comedy, or adventure? Why?
3. What’s the worst TV film you have ever seen? Explain.
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en Buzz Lig uzz dislike e when his ev . The young
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d y ’s a ttention . B
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A n d y
s th e y co m pete fo r A n
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e t in to tro uble and ne a n e ffo rt to c are fr ee life. Howeve e v il u n c le and reclaim
g
ing each oth
er in to battle his
up support who tells him
throne.
4
NAME THE TV FILM
About the story: This is a documentary about Bruce Lee’s life,
career, and untimely death. It reveals a side of Lee unknown
to the public, along with the better known qualities of the
3 celebrity—the man that the world knew. Lee had been
NAME THE T working on a new project at the time of his death, ironically
About the story: Th

V FILM titled Game of Death. Rare camera shots have been included
in the documentary according to Lee’s own script notes in an
is animated film is about Marlin
fish that lives in the , a clown- attempt to convey his ambitions for the project and his frame
Great Barrier Reef.
Nemo when a dive Marlin loses his son of mind toward the end of his life.
r captures him and
office, where Nem takes him to a dent
o finds himself in a ist’s
creatures. Marlin se tank with other sea
ts off with Dory, a bl
term memory loss ue tang fish with sh
, to rescue him. They ort-
running into sharks tra vel a great distance,
, jellyfish, and whales
on sea turtles. Whi and getting rides
le Marlin and Dory
dentist’s office, Nem are trying to get to
o and the other se the
tank are plotting th a animals in the de
eir escape in order ntist’s
Harbor and their ho to return to Sydney
mes.
54
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4 The World of TV
a Have students scan the reading texts to guess the

titles of the films. Make sure the students are guessing
Unit Goals the titles in English. Make sure sure that they don’t
have more than one minute for the task.
Vocabulary Listening a Elicit guesses on the TV film titles without comfirming
Film genres Listen for specific them.
Film terms and words information | Play the complete audio for each TV film card. Have
to describe films students listen and read along in their books.
Popular films Pronunciation a Stop the audio after each film card and ask: Now do
Linking vowel sounds
you know what film this is? Elicit additional guesses
Functions
Reading as appropriate.
Talk about films
The Formula behind a When students have listened to the complete audio,
Identify film genres
Detective Stories on TV allow them to look at the answers on page 55. Ask:
Agree and disagree
with opinions Which TV films did you guess correctly?
Writing a As an additional activity, discuss the various film
Write an expository essay
Grammar genres mentioned on these pages. Draw a four-
Both …And; Not Only… Form,
Meaning and column chart on the board with the headings drama,
But Also; Either…Or; Function comedy, action-adventure, and animation. Ask for
Neither…Nor Comparative and defining characteristics for each genre. For example:
Independent Clauses Superlative Dramas are serious films that portray realistic
with And, But, Or, So, Words Connected with characters, situations, and settings.
and Yet Space and the Planetary Comedies are designed to make people laugh. They
System: 2 often include animated characters or regular people
in funny situations.
Action-adventure TV films are usually exciting. They
Warm Up involve searches for lost treasures or undiscovered
objects, usually in exotic locations.
Animation films have characters or situations that
introductory questions. To ensure that students could never happen in real life. They are often family-
do not look ahead on pages 54 and 55, write the oriented films with imaginative stories that involve
questions on the board for groups to refer to. Since journeys, helping friends, settings in fantastic worlds.
this topic is likely to be of high interest for students, as
a Elicit movie titles in English that fit into each category
long as they are speaking in English, allow them time
and write them on the board.
to finish their discussions.
a Brainstorm other movie genres and elicit a brief
a Have a student lead a quick follow-up discussion.
description of each. Possible answers include:
Have the student read aloud each question and call
action, biography, children’s, crime/mystery, disaster,
on a few students for responses.
documentary, espionage/spy, family, western, sci-fi (or
science fiction), and war.

a Have students open their books and look at pages
54 and 55. Ask: What do you see in the pictures?
(a snapshot from an animation film, a TV remote
control, two boys watching TV and one of them
using the remote control) What do these objects all
have in common? (They represent either a TV film or
watching a TV film.)
a Tell students that they will play a game to guess
TV film titles. Ask them to cover and not look at the
answers that are on page 55.
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4 The World of TV
Quick Check
A Teaching Tip
a Have a student read aloud the directions. Keep students interested in lessons by varying your teaching
a Give students time to find and underline each of the methods. Surprise students with different activities, such as
words in the box on the movie cards. Tell them to role plays, debates, brainstorming, discussions, demonstrations,
read the sentences containing the underlined words audiovisual presentations, guest speakers, and group work.
carefully and try to guess the meaning of the words Additional Activity
from context. Ask students to complete a word family chart for each vocabulary
a Have students work individually to complete the word from exercise A. The completed charts may look like
sentences with the words from the box. Point out to the following:
them that the italicized words are movie titles.
a To check answers as a class, call on students to read
aloud their completed sentences. abruptness X abrupt abruptly
animation animate animated / animatedly
Answers animate
1. animated 5. capture delusion X delusive delusively
2. prestigious 6. prominent capture capture X X
3. idiosyncratic 7. abrupt X X untimely untimely
4. untimely 8. delusion prestige X prestigious prestigiously
B idiosyncrasy X idiosyncratic idiosyncratically
the questions about the movies on pages 54 and 55.
a Check answers by calling on pairs to read aloud and
answer each question. Popcorn and films go hand-in-hand. Popcorn has been eaten
for thousands of years. It used to be popped by throwing it
Answers on sizzling hot stones over a raging campfire.
As it popped, it would shoot off in various directions. It was
1. Animated, science fiction, fantasy films facts a game to catch and eat it.
2. War films, Sci-fi films
3. Adventure, documentary films
4. Documentaries, biographical, drama, epic films.
2 Pair Work
Have students read the directions with a partner. Tell
a
them to create two movie cards like the ones on these
pages. Each card should contain a description of the
movie.
Workbook
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MG_0
5
E TH E T V FILM
NAM on the real lif
e story of pro
minent
ory: Based rtrays Nash’s
About the st hn N as h, this film po ndition.
mathematicia
n Jo
n s ca u se d by a mental co
his delusi o er and
struggle with ro m is ing academic care
seemingly p ,” when
Nash starts a n ce m en t in “game theory
arkable adva les to mainta
in
makes a rem d elu si o ns and strugg ds by
in g Alicia, stan
he begins hav en ta l st ate. His wife, ly ab le to
is m tu al
control over h er ap y, an d he is even
igious
years of th win the prest
him through g oes o n to
search and
resume his re
Nobel Prize.
Answers:
1. Toy Story; 2. The Lion King; 3. Finding Nemo; 4. Bruce Lee: A Warrior’s Journey; 5. A Beautiful Mind
Quick Check e
Q
abrupt animated prominent untimely
delusions capture prestigious idiosyncratic
1. Finding Nemo and Toy Story are two examples of ______ films.
2. The Nobel Prize is the most ______ award a scientist can win.
3. Geniuses are often quite ______ individuals. They tend to have unusual behavior
and habits.
4. A young actor’s ______ death in an accident usually gets wide media coverage.
5. A cameraman’s job is to ______ the scenes on film.
6. Chris O’Donnell played the part of Hemingway, a ______ American writer.
7. The ______ ending of the film surprised us.
8. ______ can sometimes be a symptom of mental instability.
1. Which TV films use fictional characters?
2. In which TV films are there characters who are allies?
3. In which TV films do the characters take a journey?
4. Which TV films are biographical?
2 Pair Work
In pairs, create your own clues for one or two TV films or documentaries you have seen.
Read the clues to your class and see if they can guess the film or documentary.
55
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4 The World of TV
3 Grammar
Both...And, Not Only...But Also, Either...Or, Neither...Nor
Both...and, not only...but also, either...or, and neither...nor are all paired conjunctions. They are used to link two
words, phrases, or clauses of the same type. For example, nouns are linked with nouns, adjectives are linked
with adjectives, and verbs are linked with verbs.
My favorite animated film is either Toy Story or Simba.
He is not only hardworking, but also intelligent.
When connecting two subjects with both...and, be sure to use a plural verb.
Both my father and his boss were present in the meeting.
When connecting two subjects using either...or, not only...but also, or neither...nor, the choice to use a singular
or plural verb depends on the subject that is closer to the verb.
Neither my uncle nor my brothers want to see that documentary.
Neither my brothers nor my uncle wants to see that documentary.
Independent Clauses with And, But, Or, So, and Yet

An independent clause is a group of words that includes a subject and verb. It expresses a complete thought,
and can stand alone as a sentence.
I ordered the engine part online.
Two or more independent clauses can be combined with coordinating conjunction words, like and, but, or, so,
and yet.
I ordered the engine part online, but now I can’t find the confirmation number.
The conference hall wasn’t air-conditioned, so I demanded a refund.
I liked the book, yet I hated the DVD film.
Note: When a sentence includes two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, use a
comma before the coordinating conjunction.
A. Complete each sentence with the correct paired conjunction and an idea of your own.
She arrived with both her brother and her sister .
1. We like neither fast food .
2. The university is both prestigious .
3. He not only plays basketball well, .
4. We’re either going to eat pizza .
5. I neither watch TV .
6. The policeman not only stopped the crime, .
7. In the morning, she drinks either coffee .
8. Jack has neither called us .
9. Bruno has both a sore throat .
10. You can either look for a new job .
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4 The World of TV
3 Grammar A
a Have a student read the directions aloud.
Both...And, Not Only...But Also, a Have students work individually to complete each
Either...Or, Neither...Nor sentence. Then have them compare answers with a

partner. Remind students that their sentences should
a Read the explanation and examples with students. contain the same paired conjunctions but the ideas
a Direct students to exercises A and B to practice can be different.
paired conjunctions. a To check answers as a class, call on multiple students
to give their complete sentence for each.
Independent Clauses with And, But, Or,
So, and Yet Answers
a Read the explanation and examples with students.
1. nor pizza
a Write the following sentences on the board. Ask:
2. and expensive
Which is incorrect?
3. but also football
It is raining hard. There is a lot of lightning. (correct)
4. or Chinese food
It is raining hard there is a lot of lightning. (incorrect)
5. nor listen to the radio
a Write the following sentences on the board. Ask
6. but also saved the victim
students to complete each sentence with the
7. or tea
correct conjunction.
8. nor emailed us
It is raining hard, ___ there is a lot of lightning. (and)
9. and a fever
He didn’t want to walk in the rain, ___ he took a
10. or stay at the job you have
taxi. (so)
He doesn’t live far away, ___ he always drives.
(yet, but)
We could go to a restaurant, ___ we could stay
home and watch TV. (or)
I don’t like documentaries, ___ I will see it if he asks
me. (but)
Language Builder
Although many teachers object to students beginning
sentences with a conjunction, such as and, but, so, or yet, it
is not grammatically incorrect to do so. As a matter of fact,
it can sometimes help connect ideas effectively. However,
here are three things to keep in mind:
• Make sure that the conjunction is followed by a main clause.
• Don’t use a comma after the coordinating conjunction.
•D on’t begin every sentence in a paragraph or essay with
a conjunction. It is more effective if this technique is
used sparingly.
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4 4 The
The World
World of of
TVTV
B Workbook
a Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions and
Assign pages 38–40 for more practice with the grammar
the example. Tell students to choose which paired
of the unit.
conjunction makes the most sense to use for each.
sentences, and then compare answers with a partner. Teaching Tip
a Call on students to read aloud their sentences. Ask Discuss with students the importance of being able to realize and
other students to give variations as appropriate. correct their own mistakes. This is an important skill.
Answers
1. Both the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building are in
New York.
2. She not only broke her leg, but she also dislocated her shoulder.
3. Neither Bill James nor Charlie Bower succeeded in climbing
mount Everest.
4. I’ll either call you or email you later.
5. We’re neither angry nor disappointed.
6. Both ice and vapor are states of water.
C
Have a volunteer read aloud the directions and example.
a
Have students work individually to first match the
a
independent clauses, and then rewrite them.
To check answers as a class, call on volunteers to write
a
their sentences on the board.
Answers
2. f I told them I’d come over for dinner, but I’m really not
feeling well.
3. e He’s a vegetarian, so he’s not going to eat any beef burgers.
4. a She’s lied to her more than once, but she continues to
consider her a friend.
5. b One of their children lives in Japan, and the other lives
in Argentina.
6. d He’s very comfortable in the U.S., but he continues to miss
his home in Brazil.
D
Have a student read aloud the directions and the
a
names of the animals.
a Arrange students in pairs to write sentences. Give
them a minimum amount of sentences to write.
a Call on pairs to share their sentences.
Answers
Answers will vary.
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B. Combine each pair of sentences using a paired conjunction.
Jack isn’t old enough to vote. Richard isn’t old enough to vote.
Neither Jack nor Richard is old enough to vote.
1. The Statue of Liberty is in New York. The Empire State Building is in New York.
2. She broke her leg. She dislocated her shoulder.
3. Bill James didn’t succeed in climbing Mount Everest. Charlie Bower didn’t succeed in climbing
Mount Everest.
4. I’ll call you later. I’ll email you later.
5. We’re not angry. We’re not disappointed.
6. Ice is a state of water. Vapor is a state of water.
C. First, match the independent clauses. Then rewrite them as one sentence using a coordinating
conjunction and correct punctuation.
You can admit your mistake, or you can just hope no one notices it.
1. You can admit your mistake. c a. She continues to consider her a friend.
2. I told them I’d come over for dinner. b. The other lives in Argentina.
3. He’s a vegetarian. c. You can just hope no one notices it.
4. She’s lied to her more than once. d. He continues to miss his home in Brazil.
5. One of their children lives in Japan. e. He’s not going to eat any beef burgers.
6. He’s very comfortable in the U.S. f. I’m really not feeling well.
D. Write sentences about the animals using both paired conjunctions and coordinating conjunctions.
Both the cheetah and the ostrich are fast runners.
goldfish deer salmon bear camel ostrich hawk
fox elephant snake penguin turtle cheetah tiger
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4 The World of TV
4 Conversation
Adel: That was such a fantastic basketball
game on TV.
Fahd: You must be joking.
Adel: Why? Didn’t you like it?
Fahd: I thought it was a terrible game. The
whole thing was just awful.
Adel: What didn’t you like about it?
Fahd: For one thing, the Bulls’ key player missed every easy shot. It really bothered me throughout the
entire game.
Adel: Well, you’re right about that. But what else didn’t you like?
Fahd: I thought their uniforms were ridiculous. I found the whole idea of the Bulls’ players wearing
cowhide tops hard to swallow.
Adel: I don’t agree at all. The whole idea is to stand out in the game. The tops are not real cowhide. It’s
fake cowhide.
Fahd: I’m not sure they were fake. Think of all the poor animals they took the hides from. They must
believe that the poor animals are a dime a dozen. Anyway, by the end of the game, I started to
doze off.
Adel: We seem to have very different tastes in basketball and uniforms. Maybe next time we get
together we should just go out to a restaurant.
Fahd: I couldn’t agree more.
Real Talk
About the Conversation just = really, very

hard to swallow = not easy to believe
1. What did Adel like about the game?
a dime a dozen = something so common that it doesn’t
2. What did Fahd dislike about the players? have much value
doze off = fall asleep
Your Turn
Role-play with a partner. Think of a situation in which two people might disagree. Discuss your opinions,
using the phrases for agreeing and disagreeing.
Agreeing Disagreeing
I agree completely. (I’m sorry but) I don’t agree (with you).
I couldn’t agree more. I see it differently.
You’re absolutely right. I totally disagree.
You’re right about that. (I ‘m afraid) I don’t really agree.
I’m not so sure about that.
You must be joking. (Informal and not very polite)
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4 The World of TV
4 Conversation About the Conversation

a Have students work individually or in pairs to answer
a Ask students to look at just the photo. Ask: What is the questions.
happening? (Adel and Fahd are watching something a Check answers as a class by calling on volunteers to
exciting, probably a sports game) read their answers aloud.
a Write the following question on the board: What are
they watching? Tell students to listen for the answer Answers
to this question with the conversation still covered.
| Play the audio. Have students listen for the answer 1. He thought it was exciting.
to the question on the board. (They are watching a
2.
He thought the Bull’s key player didn’t play well and Bull’s
basketball game.)
cowhide tops were ridiculous.
| Play the audio again and have students listen and
follow along in their books.
Your Turn
Real Talk a Ask a volunteer to read the directions aloud.
a Have students read the expressions for Agreeing and
a Model the words and phrases for students to repeat.
Disagreeing in the box.
Point out that these are informal expressions normally
a Ask students to find and underline any of these
used in casual conversation, not in formal situations.
expressions in the Conversation. (Agreeing: You’re right
a Ask who says each word or expression and why. Elicit
about that. / I couldn’t agree more. Disagreeing: You
answers, such as the following:
must be joking. / I don’t agree at all. / I’m not sure it
just (Fahd says this, to stress the word awful. The was that original.)
basketball game was just awful.)
a Have students work in pairs to create their role
hard to swallow (Fahd says this, meaning that he play. Brainstorm together a few situations in which
couldn’t believe how ridiculous cowhide uniforms they might disagree; for example, about a book, a
were.) restaurant, a mutual friend, weekend plans, etc. Tell
a dime a dozen (Fahd says this, meaning that the them to be sure to use some of the expressions from
Bulls must believe that animal’s lives don’t have any the box, as well as a Real Talk expression.
value.) a Monitor students as they practice, making sure that
doze off (Fahd says this, meaning he was falling they are not writing their role plays, but speaking
asleep while watching the game.) them. If students finish early, have them switch roles
a Have students practice the expressions with a partner. to give each the chance to practice both agreeing
Write the following questions on the board and have and disagreeing.
students discuss them. a Have one or two pairs act out their conversation for
Have you ever watched something on TV and found the class.
it hard to swallow? Explain.
What kinds of TV programs, or people’s actions are
a dime a dozen? Give examples.
Have you ever dozed off while watching a game
because you were not interested in it? Explain.
a Have students practice the conversation in pairs,
switching roles.
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4 4 The
The World
World of of
TVTV
5 Listening back, out of the way. Then the third design, a modified version of
the second one, was really disappointing because it was neither
stylish nor fully functional. Finally, the team of architects and
a Tell students to read the questions in the chart so they decorators that had taken on the project decided to go back to
know what information to listen for. the drawing board and came up with three wonderful options.
| Play the audio. Tell students to listen but not to write Naturally, they were presented to the board and we chose this
one. It’s a long, arduous process but in the end it all comes
at this time.
together.
| Play the audio again. Have students write their
Interviewer: So this was your choice, I take it, including that
answers in the chart.
glass cylinder in the middle of each floor that I suppose goes up
| Play the audio again for students to check their to the roof. And I can see plants that are suspended and plants
answers. Pause the recording as necessary to placed in niches all the way to the top. Whose idea was that?
confirm. Mr. Douglas: Oh, well, that was our staff. We invited them to
contribute to our new premises in a way that would signal our
Answers
green policies and this is what they came up with. The final
Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Final Design choice regarding the design was made by the whole board.
I do like it and I think it is quite efficient in practice. My only
stylish aesthetically nothing good what they
complaint about it is that it is not modern enough.
superb needed
functional staff isolated in not modern
problems
doesn’t meet
cubicles
superb style
enough
neither stylish satisfying
6 Pronunciation
needs but not nor functional/
functional disappointing | Play the audio while students listen and read along
in their books.
| Audioscript | Play the audio again. Students listen and repeat, or
speak along with the recording.
Interviewer: This is Special Places for Special People – your
morning show on home and work design. As you can see, we
have just walked into the fabulous newly designed interior of an
old building in the center of town. The building has been cleared
out to form large open-plan offices, as well as comfortable
glassed-in private offices along the front. We are being met by A
Mr. Douglas, the CEO of Streamline Airlines. This is the Streamline
Have students work individually to match the words
a
Headquarters and a lot of money, time, and effort have gone
with the definitions.
into renovating the building and redesigning the interior.
Interviewer: Good morning, Mr. Douglas. Answers
Mr. Douglas: Hello and welcome to our new offices.
1. f 3. i 5. c 7. a 9. g
Interviewer: Thank you. So this is it. How do you feel about the
space and the way it has been designed? 2. d 4. b 6. e 8. h
Mr. Douglas: I am satisfied with the design. It certainly lives up
B
to our expectations aesthetically, and it complements the style
of the building and the location. Actually, the initial design was Have students compare answers with a partner.
a
not quite what we needed, and different parts of the building
were not optimally utilized. There are so many things one has to
take into consideration: functional issues, such as the number
Teaching Tip
of employees, meeting rooms, facilities for self-catering, mail, Encourage students to listen to authentic English radio programs.
insulation, electronic equipment, storage, and a lot more. Suggest they begin by listening for short periods of time
Naturally, all these other aspects need to be catered to while and gradually build up to listening for longer periods as their
making the most of the space and lighting, and managing comprehension increases.
to develop a distinct, yet pleasing, style that will contribute
to a positive atmosphere. It was really frustrating to have to
compromise the style of the design in order to meet functional
needs at times. We had to reject the second design which
Workbook
was superb from an aesthetic viewpoint and quite minimalist, Assign page 41 for additional reading practice.
because it required staff to squeeze into tiny cubicles along the
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5 Listening
Listen to the interview from the TV show
Special Places for Special People and complete
the chart.
Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Final design

1. What was good about it?
2. What was bad about it?
3. What was the CEO’s opinion?
6 Pronunciation
When a word that ends in a vowel sound is followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the words
are naturally linked by an inserted w or y sound. Listen and practice.
1. Hello and welcome to our new offices.
w w w
2. I am very happy with the designs.
y
3. The design lives up to our expectations.
w
4. In the end, it all comes together.
y
5. My only complaint about the new one is that it is not modern enough!
y w
1. ______ altered a. unusual and attractive
2. ______ captivates b. extremely important
3. ______ confronts c. imperfections
4. ______ crucial d. captures someone’s attention
5. ______ defects e. lasting
6. ______ enduring f. changed
7. ______ exotic g. great, remarkable
8. ______ ironically h. against the way it appears
9. ______ phenomenal i. meets something difficult or dangerous
B. Check your answers with a partner. If you do not understand the meaning of a word, look it up
in a dictionary.
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4 The World of TV
8 Reading
Before Reading
Brainstorm a list of elements in a detective story.
The Formula behind

Detective Stories on TV
Detective stories have always been a favorite in literature, and now they are one
of the most popular genres in TV films and series. There is something appealing
about the mystery and intrigue that captivates viewers and keeps them in suspense
until the case is finally solved.
But what accounts for the phenomenal success and enduring popularity of detective
stories? Is it the charismatic and fearless hero and his uncanny ability to uncover the truth? Is it the action and
adventure—the high-speed chases, danger, and exotic settings? Is it the psychological wit and hi-tech gadgets that
the detective has at his disposal? Or is it the simple fact that the viewer knows the hero will triumph over the villain in
the end?
Clearly, the TV audience enjoys the mystery and non-stop suspense of detective films. However, ironically, there is also
predictability to the story that is tremendously appealing. Certain elements and sequences of events appear over and
over in detective stories and are eagerly awaited by fans. TV films and series with such predictable elements are known
as formula films. The TV audience knows the plot will be puzzling and sometimes have unexpected results. They know
the hero will confront dangerous villains. They know there will be complicated steps involved in piecing together all the
clues, and they are challenged to try to figure out the mystery before the detective.
The most basic element in the formula of a detective story is the hero—the detective. This is the character the viewer
identifies with throughout the film. He is usually a courageous individual with superior intelligence. He is often charming
and outgoing, which helps him socialize with others, while, in fact, he is collecting information from witnesses and
gathering evidence for his case. Another type of hero is the gruff and serious detective, who rarely smiles, but is very
efficient at his job. In contrast, the hero in detective comedies is a naïve and clumsy character who accidentally stumbles
across clues to eventually solve the crime.
Of course, the villain also plays a crucial role in the story. On occasion, the villain’s identity is a mystery and is only revealed
at the end, but more often he is introduced to the TV audience. Just as there are formulaic types of heroes, there are
stereotypical villains: cold-blooded, greedy criminals, evil geniuses, and mad scientists. Most villains also have physical
or psychological defects that add to the ugliness of their character, such as a scarred face, a missing limb, or a split
personality.
The detective is challenged to find the villain by following clues. To assist him, he uses special talents in intellectual
reasoning or has help from technological devices. These range from a simple magnifying glass to sophisticated DNA
analysis and electronic tracking devices. Some detectives even use high-tech gadgets that are disguised as everyday
objects, such as an explosive pen, a laser watch, or a computerized, talking vehicle!
When the hero confronts the villain, there are always scenes of action and danger. These involve high-speed chases on
any kind of vehicle imaginable—cars, motorcycles, helicopters, speed boats, skis, submarines, camels, or simply on foot.
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8 Reading The villains identity is sometimes a mystery and

sometimes introduced to the TV audience.
a With students’ books closed, write on the board: The detective uses intellectual reasoning, and
Detective stories. Do the Before Reading activity technological devices to solve the mystery.
as a class: Brainstorm a list of elements in a detective There are scenes of action and danger when the
story. Elicit such information as film titles, various detective confronts the villain.
fictional detectives and detective novels.. Write notes sometimes, the detective is captured and he has to
on the board of students’ ideas. (For background use his skills to escape.
information about various detectives, see the Culture
Note on this page.)
Culture Note
| Play the audio. Ask students to listen with their
Famous detectives
books closed.
a Ask: Were any of your ideas on the board mentioned Inspector Morse was a very popular television series
in the reading? Which ones? of 33 episodes in the 80’s, created by Colin Dexter.
a Draw students’ attention to the photos. Ask: Who are
John Thaw was the lead character. He works in Oxford,
England, as a criminal investigation officer, who likes
these people? (They are Sherlock Holmes and Dr.
playing crossword puzzles. Morse is known by his
Watson.)
last name and when they ask his first name he says
“Inspector”. He deals with criminals in his own manner
READING STRATEGY Active reading
and has a very heated temperament.
a Tell students that when they are reading for
Hercule Poirot is an amateur detective, created by
information, it is helpful to highlight, underline, and Agatha Christie, has been featured in 34 novels and
jot down notes on the text as they read. This will several other short stories.. Mr. Poirot is a Belgian retired
emphasize the most important information in their police officer who likes traveling, is very intelligent, has
minds, helping them to recall it later. an eye for finding out details and solves all cases. He is
a Tell students to read the text silently, practicing active charming and also arrogant and usually calls himself
reading. Have them highlight or underline the parts of the greatest mind in England. Some of the most famous
the text that they think are important as they read. novels are: Murder on the Orient Express, Evil under the Sun,
a Arrange students in groups of three to compare Death on the Nile, The Mystery of the Bagdad Chest, The
their marked-up texts. Have them notice what types incredible Theft.
of information each group member highlighted Perry Mason is a defense attorney created by Earl
or underlined. Did they choose the same pieces of Stanley Gardner. Earl has written over 80 novels and
information? Have them ask and answer questions became one of the best-selling authors. Perry Mason
about why they thought certain pieces of information also got a positive reception through the TV series being
were important but others weren’t. a successful lawyer. He accepts cases mainly based
a For additional vocabulary practice, have students look upon his curiosity regarding the client’s problem. He
at the Vocabulary Building exercise on page 60. Have was acknowledged as a better detective not only by his
them search the text for all of the words in the left clients but also by police detectives.
column and underline them. Sherlock Holmes was created by Sir Arthur Conan
a Tell students to study the meaning of the words in the Doyle, who wrote about 60 stories. Holmes was famous
context of the sentences. for his powers of observation, which he used to solve
a Call on a volunteer to explain in his or her own words complex problems, crimes and mysteries. He is always
each vocabulary word in the context of the reading. assisted by his friend Dr. Watson. He lives at 221b Baker
Sample answers may include the following: Street in London. Holmes is so popular that a lot of
people believe that he is a real historical figure. Some of
Detective stories are popular because we like mystery
the most famous novels are: The Hound of the Baskervilles,
and intrigue.
A Study in Scarlet, The Sign of Four, The Valley of Fear.
another element is that we always try to predict and
solve the case.
A good detective story always needs a hero.
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After Reading
Teaching Tip
a Have students work individually to answer true or
Devote sufficient classroom time to fully explain the steps in the
false for each statement, referring back to the text as writing process and brainstorm possible topics as a class. This will
necessary. Have them rewrite the false sentences to help students feel more confident about writing their essays and
be true. decrease anxiety.
a Have students compare answers with a partner,
discussing any they have answered differently and Additional Activity
evaluating which answer is correct. Create concept maps. Working individually, have students draw a
a Check answers as a class by calling on volunteers to concept map like the one on this page. Say a concept, for example: TV
read the statements and give their answers. films. Students write this in the center circle and then quickly
write down all of the words that come to mind in the surrounding
Answers circles. Give them only about a minute. Repeat this procedure with
several concepts. Have students compare their maps with a partner
1. false (They are popular both on TV and in literature) and discuss the similarities and differences in their maps.
2. true
3. true
Project: Films, Films
4.
false (There are different types of heroes) In groups, have students choose one English-language TV film to
watch. (You might prepare a list of readily available, appropriate,
5.
false (It’s hard to imagine that it will be altered)
non-subtitled films ahead of time for students to choose from.)
As a group, they watch the TV film and write down 10 questions
9 Speaking about it. Groups compile their questions into a quiz to give to
another group. Then the groups watch the other TV film and try
a Arrange students in small groups to discuss the to answer the questions.
questions. Assign one student the role of reporter.
a Monitor students’ discussions to make sure that
everyone is taking part. Have students copy the chart
in the notebook and write their ideas.
a Ask a volunteer to lead the follow-up class discussion.
The volunteer should call on the reporters to share
the most interesting parts of their discussions and
then ask other students for any individual questions,
opinions, or responses.
Workbook
and sentence level.
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If the detective is captured, he finds himself in life-threatening situations and must use his skills to escape. He is then
even more determined to catch the villain.
One way or another, the detective always accomplishes his mission, much to the satisfaction of the audience. The
formula for detective stories is so successful; it is hard to imagine that it will ever be significantly altered. After all, who
wants to watch a detective story without action and adventure, or in which the villain wins?
After Reading
Answer true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.
1. ___ Detective stories are only popular on TV.
2. ___ The success of detective stories is due to a combination of elements.
3. ___ Many elements of a detective story are predictable.
4. ___ All detective stories have an intelligent and charming hero.
5. ___ The formula of detective stories is likely to change in the future.
9 Speaking
1. Work in pairs/groups. Compare two TV films or documentaries that you have seen. Think about the
characters, setting, plot, story development, special effects, and other features in the TV films; consider
the theme, setting, time period, history, special effects, and outcome in the documentaries.
2. Make notes in the appropriate chart. Use your notes to talk about the similarities and differences of
the TV films/documentaries that you have compared in class.
Title TV Film 1: ____________________ TV Film 2: ____________________

characters/actors
setting
plot
story development
special effects
other features
Title TV Documentary 1: _____________ TV Documentary 2: _____________

theme
setting/location
time period
history
special effects
outcome
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10 Writing
A. 1. What kind of TV films do you enjoy? Why?
2. Are there categories of TV films that you are not interested in
or you dislike? Which? Why?
3. Can you explain what is meant by “film genres”?
• What are genres? How are they defined?
• How easy is it to classify TV films?
• Are there distinct and permanent categories? Why? Why not?
5. What are the distinguishing characteristics of different genres? Underline/highlight
words/phrases or sentences that provide the answer.
action adventure comedy drama animation epics
biopics detective horror war Western science fiction
Main Genres of TV Films

Film genres are categories of films based on theme, setting, historical dramas, or war dramas in extravagant settings with
plots/stories, characters, and other specific features such as lavish costumes. They are sometimes a more spectacular
special effects, computer enhancement, animation, etc. There version of a biopic film, such as The Last Emperor.
are major genres and subgenres. For example, adventure and Horror films are designed and produced to frighten audiences.
action films are quite well-known and associated with popular They are sometimes combined with science fiction when, for
heroes such as Superman or the Rambo sequels. example, Earth is invaded by an alien monster. Science fiction
It is not always easy to classify films as they often combine films, on the other hand, are often visionary, with futuristic
elements of different genres. Kung Fu Panda, for instance, is technology and extraordinary creatures from outer space. One
an animated film which can also be categorized as an action of the most famous examples of this genre is E.T.
film. This is the reason why some films are listed in different War films portray the horror and destruction of war and are
categories or a category that is more popular at a given time. often combined with documentary excerpts. They are also
Film genres evolve through time. Action films featuring martial paired with other genres depending on the story, e.g. action,
arts specialists and superhuman heroes used to be very adventure, drama, comedy, etc. Finally, Westerns represent one
popular over a decade ago. They still exist, but they seem to of the oldest genres with easily recognizable plots, elements,
have lost their initial appeal. If a film includes action and is and characters, including horses, dusty towns, Indians and
filmed in tropical settings, is it an action film or an adventure cowboys, good and bad guys, a sheriff and deputies, etc. In
film? Would you say that Toy Story belongs to animation as a other words, they follow a common formula which has been
genre or comedy? Is it more of one or the other? And if so, modified, developed, expanded, supplemented, and revisited
which? over the years.
Detective films are developed around stories of criminal If you look up film genres in different sources, you will find that
actions and include elements of mystery and suspense. they share some categories but not others. Once again, this is
Dramas, on the other hand, are serious films, portaying quite natural, given the evolutionary nature of film genres and
realistic life situations, character development, and interaction. changing trends in popularity that reflect overall social and
They include a number of subcategories, e.g. melodramas, financial trends.
biographies, or “biopics.” Epics are usually costume dramas,
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10 Writing Answers for 5:

• action: martial arts, superhuman heroes
A • adventure: tropical setting (unusual setting),
a
• comedy: Toy Story (also animated)
Direct students’ attention to the picture. Discuss what
they see. Elicit answers to questions. For example: • drama: serious, realistic life situations, character development,
interaction, melodramas, biographies, biopics
Where can you see scenes like this one?
What can you see in the background? Can you tell • animation: Toy Story(cartoon, design)
where it is? • epics: costume dramas, historical dramas, war dramas,
Who do you think the men are? What do you think extravagant settings, lavish costumes, spectacular version of
is about to happen? biopic film
• biopics: The Last Emperor (a film based on a true story)
a Have students read the questions 1 and 2.
• detective: criminal action, mystery, suspense
a Elicit the names or kinds of films they prefer. Ask them
• horror: frighten audiences, combined with science fiction, earth
to work in pairs and reflect on what they would say
invaded by alien monster
to a friend in order to convince him/her that this type
• war: horror and destruction of war, documentary excerpts,
of film is worth watching, so they can watch a film
paired with other genres
together.
• western: oldest genres, recognizable plots, elements and
a Have students answer 2 individually then compare characters, horses, dusty towns, Indians and cowboys, good
with a partner. Tell students to move around the and bad guys, sheriff and deputies, common formula, modified,
classroom and find someone who dislikes the same revisited
type of films. • science fiction: earth invaded by alien monster, visionary,
a Read the directions for 3 with the class. Have students futuristic technology, extraordinary creatures, outer space, ET
work in pairs discussing the question. Call on
a Call on pairs to report for the class. Hold a class
volunteers to present their answers for the class.
discussion on different film genres.
a Read the directions for 4 with the class. Have students
work in pairs discussing the questions. Call on
volunteers to present their answers for the class.
a Play the audio and have students listen and follow in
the text. Give them a few minutes to compare their
predictions with the actual information in the text.
a Have students present their answers for the class.
Hold a class discussion on all the points raised in
task 4.
Answers for 4:
• Categories of films based on theme, setting, plots/ stories,
characters, and other specific features such as special effects,
computer enhancement, animation, etc.
There are major genres and subgenres.
• It is not always easy to classify films as they often combine
elements of different genres.
• No there aren’t because film genres evolve according to appeal.
For example action films with superhuman heroes used to be
popular over a decade ago. They’re not so popular any longer.
a Call on a student to read the directions for 5. Then

have students read the text and highlight words
which provide information on the distinguishing
characteristics of different genres. Tell them to
compare with a partner.
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B
a Organize students in groups and have them read the Additional Activity
directions for 1. Elicit examples of formulas for different Organize students in groups. Ask them to brainstorm on film
genres. For example, a martial arts specialist who takes titles and genres. Have them write each film title on a slip of
on a number of “bad” people for a good cause. paper, fold it and throw it in a bag. Shake the bag with all the
folded slips that you have collected from different groups. Ask
a Have students study the diagram, discuss the formula
a student to take the bag around to each group for one of the
of the genre they have chosen and fill out the diagram students to pick out a slip and open it. The group have to name
with features/parts of the formula. Encourage groups the genre of the film.
to be creative and add their own ideas.
a Ask them to think about a film and visualize scenes as Teaching Tip
they discuss and make notes. Encourage them to work Have students think, make notes and plan their writing. Explain
together so they can all contribute their ideas and that it is important to focus on the content of a piece of writing
what they remember. and think about the people who are going to read it.
a Have students use their notes to present an overview
of the formula in class.
a Call on a student to read directions for 3 in class. Workbook
a Direct students to the Writing Corner. Elicit what they
know about different types of essay. Elicit what they Assign page 44 for additional writing practice above word
think the features of an expository essay are. and sentence level.
a Read through the guidelines in the Writing Corner
with the class, discuss and elicit examples.
a Point out that students will have to research and
collect information about the film/genre that they
have chosen to focus on, including quotes.
a If there is access to the internet you can ask students
to download a script and use it as a source of
information. Tell them that they can also search for
reviews and/or comments on the film if they want.
a Have students add to their notes in the diagram.
a Direct students to the model text on the page.
Point out that they can use it as an example for their
introductory paragraph.
a Remind students to look back at the text on page 62
for ideas and ways to organize their information and
write their essay.
a Ask students to discuss and plan their essay in groups
or pairs. Then write the first draft of their essay. Ask
them to help each other as they write.
a Have students exchange and comment on/edit their
first drafts.
a Give students time to rewrite their essays taking
into consideration their classmates’ suggestions and
comments.
a Encourage students to re-read their essays/proof-read
and make more corrections before they finalize them.
a Post the essays on the board or the wall for the class to
read later and make comments on post-its.
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B. 1. Think of a TV film genre that uses a formula (e.g. action, adventure, comedy, Western).
Choose a particular TV film in this genre as an example.
2. Think about the different parts of the formula. Use a diagram to make notes.
3. Write an expository essay in which you reveal and explain the formula behind the film.
TV film genre or title:

_________________
A Coming-of-Age Film rson’s

-ag e film . Co mi ng -of -ag e films focus on a young pe
The Lion King is a coming-of ally and physically. In these kin
ds of films
, of te n bo th em ot ion
journey to adulthood and there is usually
mo de l wh o he lps teach the main character,
there is usually a rol e this kind
er mu st un de rgo. The Lio n King is a good example of
a test that the charact
of film because. . .
Writing Corner
When you write an expository essay:
• choose a specific area of a topic to focus on.
• think about your audience or readers.
• research and collect information from different sources.
• think of examples and comments made by others.
• you can use quotes, exchanges, and arguments from your sources.
• if necessary, you can present the information in three main sections:
a. an introduction and thesis statement
b. a longer paragraph or a number of paragraphs presenting the information about
different aspects or categories of the main topic
c. a closing paragraph
• you are free to use different types of text, arguments, and material, including visuals.
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Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives
The Comparative
Use more/ less + adjective, or adjective + -er to make the comparative.
Detective stories are more/ less popular than stories about space travel.
Goldfish are smaller than clownfish.
Use words such as: a little, slightly, much, a lot, considerably, definitely, and certainly to express how much something
differs, or to add emphasis.
Children’s TV films are considerably better than they used to be.
Use as+ adjective + as to compare things that are equal or similar.
Finding Nemo is as good as Toy Story.
Use not as + adjective + as to compare things that are different.
Finding Nemo and Toy Story are good TV films but not as good as The Lion King.
Use the + comparative, the + comparative to describe two actions. The second action happens as a result of the first.
The more I hear about the Giza Pyramids, the more I want to know.
The harder he works at speaking English, the better he becomes..
The Superlative
Use the + adjective + -est or the most/least + adjective to make the superlative.
The Nobel prize is the most prestigious award a scientist can win.
The company director agreed that it was the least attractive offer, but he was obliged to take it.
We can use the expression by far to add emphasis.
The Lion King is by far the best TV film of all.
A. Write sentences about the animals using comparative and superlative structures.
camel • cat • cheetah • donkey • eagle • elephant • goldfish • horse • ostrich • snake • tiger • lion
1. Both cheetahs and tigers are big cats.
Lions are the biggest of the cats.
The biggest tigers are as big as lions.
Cheetahs are a lot smaller and more slender in comparison.
The cheetah is by far the fastest land animal on Earth.
1. cheetah/tiger/lion
2. camel/donkey/horse/elephant
3. ostrich/eagle
4. bear/ snake
5. Your own idea
B. Imagine you are a contestant on a TV Quiz show. Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions.
1. What’s the most widely spoken language? 5. What’s the most populated city?
2. What’s the tallest mountain? 6. What’s the largest lake (by size)?
3. What’s the largest desert? 7. What’s the hottest place?
4. What’s the deepest ocean? 8. What’s the driest place?
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11 Form, Meaning and a For prompt 5, tell students to choose two or three
other animals from the box and write a sentence
Function to compare them. They should then compare their
sentences with a partner.
a Call on volunteers to share their comparative
Comparative and Superlative Forms of sentences with the class.
Adjectives
The Comparative Answers
a Choose volunteers to read aloud the sentences in the Students’ own answers.
first part of the presentation and elicit the function. B
Ask: What is being compared in each sentence? (Two
a Put students into pairs or groups of 3. Set a time limit
types of stories/ two types of fish)
for students to discuss and try to find the answer.
a Point out the three ways we form the comparative.
a Give each pair or group a name and write their name
Ask: Why do we add -er to small but add more or less
before popular? on the board. ‘Score’ each correct answer form each
pair or group.
a Elicit that we add -er to most one-syllable adjectives
a At the end of the exercise, the pair or group with the
when we make them comparative, and use more and
less with most three-syllable adjectives. most correct answers ‘wins.’
a Ask: What word do we often use with comparative
Answers
adjectives? (than)
a Explain that quantifying words such as a little, slightly,
1. Chinese Mandarin (number of speakers is 1 billion +)
much and so on, tells us how much something is 2. Mount Everest (8,850m)
more or less different to something else. 3. Sahara, North Africa (3,320,000 sq. miles)
a Point out the structure for showing that something is 4. Pacific Ocean (10,924 m)
equal is: as + adjective + as 5. Shangai, China (13.3 million)
a Read out the sentence with the more … the more and 6. Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (371,00 sq m)
elicit that this describes two actions, the second of 7. Dalol, Ethiopia (annual average temperature is 93.2F, 34C)
which is dependent on the first. Point out we can use 8. Aswan, Egypt (0.02 inches of rainfall a year)
the less … the less… and other comparative adjectives
in the same way.
Additional Activity
The Superlative Have students work in small groups and compare the TV stations
a Choose volunteers to read aloud the sentences in available in their city or country. What kinds of programs are
the next part of the chart. Have students identify the shown? When are the most popular programs broadcasted?
adjectives in the sentences.(Prestigious, attractive) Compare the TV stations the groups present. Which is by far the
a Ask how many things are being compared in the best TV station and why?
sentences with the most and the least. (The speaker is
comparing three or more things.)
Teaching Tip
Try to recycle vocabulary from previous units as much as possible.
a Point out that we can add emphasis to superlative
Here’s one idea. At the start of a class, write relevant words from
structures by using: by far. an earlier unit on the board. Give a “prize” to the first student who
manages to use all the words in a natural way during the class.
A
a Tell students to look at the picture. Call on students to
make two or three comparisons.
a Direct students’ attention to the list of animals in the
box and the prompts 1 to 5. Tell students to work in
pairs to write comparative sentences for 1 to 4.
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Words Connected with Space and the

Planetary System: Part 2 Additional Activity
Have students tell a partner about one TV program that they have
a Review the information about planetary systems from
seen recently that they enjoyed. What was it about? Who was in
Unit 3; remind or elicit how many planets there are. it? Why did they like it?
Ask students to share any information they have about
the planets. As a class, try to draw the planetary system
on the board.
a Ask students to turn to page 65 in their Student Book
Many people assume that teens are watching less TV now
and read the information in the chart. Crosscheck because they spend more time doing things like playing
any information you have on the board with what is video games and surfing the Internet. However, a recent
given in the chart. Call on volunteers to correct the study says that this isn’t true. The study found that in the
information on the board if necessary. facts last 5 years, teens have been watching 6 percent more TV.
On average, teens spend more than 104 hours a month
watching TV. They spend an average of about 12 hours
Irregular Comparative and Superlative online.
Adjectives
a Read through the information in the presentation. Use
the adjective far to ask and answer questions about
the planets. For example, Which planet is the farthest
away from the sun? Which planet is farther – Uranus or
Venus? etc.
C
a Tell students that they must use the information
given in the chart to complete the exercise in C. Give
students a few minutes to read through the whole
text before they try to find the correct answers.
a Have students work alone and then compare their
answers with a partner.
a Call on three students to read aloud a paragraph each.
Answers
1. biggest 11. rocky
2. smallest 12. almost
3. farther 13. farthest
4. closest 14. cold
5. close 15. icy
6. larger 16. most
7. inhabitable 17. largest
8. slightly 18. most
9. close 19. More
10. hotter 20. farthest
Workbook
Assign pages 45-46 for more practice with the form,
meaning and function of the structures in the unit.
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Words Connected with Space and the Planetary System: Part 2
Look at this information about the planets in our solar system:
Name of Distance from Size (km) Number Geographical Features or Special Facts
Planet the Sun (km) of moons
Mercury 57,909,227 2,439.7 None rocky
Venus 108,209,475 6,051.8 None rocky, high mountains, volcanoes, poisonous air
Earth 149,598,262 6,371 1 rocky, inhabited, mountains, volcanoes
Mars 227,943,824 3,389.5 2 rocky, mountains, volcanoes
Jupiter 778,340,821 69,911 68 cold, rings
Saturn 1,426,666,422 58,232 62 cold, rings
Uranus 2,870,658,186 25,362 27 cold, icy rings
Neptune 4,498,396,441 25,362 14 cold, icy rings
Note: Our Solar System used to be described as a group of nine planets, but scientists now consider
Pluto to be a dwarf planet.
Irregular Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

In most cases we make comparative and superlative adjectives by adding -er/ -est, or we use more/most
or less/least. However, a small number of adjectives are irregular.
well (healthy) – better – the best
far (distance) —farther or further – the farthest or the furthest
old (people in a family) – older or elder – the oldest or the eldest
bad – worse – the worst good –better – the best
C. Use the chart above to find information about the planets. Choose the correct word to make true facts
about our solar system.
Some planets are much bigger and farther away from the sun than others. Jupiter is by far
the (1. biggest / hottest) and Mercury is the (2. smallest / coldest) in our solar system.
Mars is (3. closer / farther) from the sun than Earth. Mercury is the (4. closest/ farthest)
planet to the sun. It is so (5. close / far) to the sun that if you stood on the surface of the
planet, the sun would appear at least three times (6. larger / smaller) than it does on
Earth.
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are all rocky planets, but Earth is the only one that is
(7. inhabitable / uninhabitable), which means that people, animals and plants live on
it. Venus is only (8. slightly / almost) smaller than Earth and has many high mountains and
volcanoes. Venus is so (9. close / far) to the sun that the land is (10. hotter / colder) than boiling
water. Mars is a (11. rocky / icy) planet and is known as the Red Planet because of the red color of the planet’s
surface. Mars is (12. almost/ considerably) half the size of Earth.
The four planets (13. farthest / closest) away from the sun are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. They
are very (14. hot / cold) and (15. green / icy) places. Jupiter has the (16. least / most) number of known
moons. Jupiter’s four (17. largest/ smallest) moons were observed in 1610 by an Italian astronomer called
Galileo Galilei. Saturn has the (18. least / most) spectacular ring system of all the planets. There are 7 rings
made up of dust, rocks and ice. (19. Most / More) than 40 spacecraft have explored Saturn, but only one has
visited Uranus and Neptune. Neptune is the (20. farthest / closest) from the sun and makes a complete orbit
around the sun in about 165 Earth years.
65
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4 The World of TV
12 Project
1. When certain kinds of films such as documentaries are being planned/designed, a storyboard is
created. A storyboard includes representative scenes with notes/comments. See the example below.
2. Think about the most important events and times of a Muslim person’s life that you can present in a
documentary and make notes in the chart.
AGE Important events and times
0 – 10
11 - 15
16 - 20
Over 20
3. Use the storyboard framework below. Write the script/commentary of the documentary
under Comments and what will be happening in the scene under Action.
4. Use a large sheet of paper or cardboard to create a realistic storyboard. Draw and/or use
photos or parts of photos and drawings for the scenes. Transfer your script and action
notes onto the storyboard. You can write your notes by hand or word process them. Use a
font that is easy to read. Present your storyboard in class.
a Muslim Person’s Life

Student’s name: Production: Documentary: Events in
Panel Footage
Panel Footage
Panel Footage
[Picture]
[Picture]
[Picture]
Comments
Comments
Comments
Action
Action
Action
page 1 of…
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4 The World of TV
12
a Evaluate the presentation of each storyboard. Use the
Project following criteria:
Action (interesting, boring, fairly interesting,
a Organize students in groups. Tell them that they are interesting, amazing etc.)
going to design and produce a storyboard. Explain Script (clever, too long, too short, natural, artificial, too
that a storyboard is necessary for any production that predictable, etc.)
involves actors, actions and script (what the actors/ People (realistic, interesting, strong, representative,
people are expected to say). original etc.)
a Read directions 1 with the class. Direct them to the Acting (very good, good, average, needs
example in the second half of the page. Ask groups to improvement)
assign the sketching of each scene to the artistically Direction (very good, clever, creative, original,
talented members of their team. uninspiring, etc.)
a Call on a student to read the directions for 2 aloud Setting (minimal but realistic, could be improved,
and discuss it in class. inventive, original)
a Allow time for groups to discuss and make notes. Call Picture (good frames, focused, brilliant, not focused
on individual students from each group to report in enough, unclear, does not present actions realistically,
class. presents actions realistically)
a Have students read the directions for 3. Allow time for a Put storyboards up on the walls or the board for the
them to discuss and decide on the events that they whole class to read after they have been presented
are going to include in the documentary and how and evaluate.
they are going to present them.
a Direct students to the chart and ask them to use it
in order to make brief notes or copy it on a sheet of
Additional Activity
paper with more writing space. Have students share tasks and actions. Have them film real
life incidents and/or use photographs (or download from
a Read the directions for task 4 with the class. the Internet). Narrate, edit and where appropriate act out the
a Have students assign roles and tasks to members of documentary and film it.
their group. Explain that they have to think of every
single detail. Use questions like these to help them: Teaching Tip
Where will each person stand in the picture? When assigning roles and tasks, students sometimes get
What will they be looking at? impatient and do not assign tasks to the right people. If there
What will they be wearing? are quieter and less confident students in your class find out
Who else is going to be in the scene? Is he/she what their strengths are, for example, drawing, photography
going to enter the frame/scene halfway through and assign tasks accordingly. Assign artistic tasks to creative but
or from the beginning? quieter students.
Which lines will the narrator and/or the person/
people involved deliver? What kinds of emotions
are involved?
What kind of props are going to be used?
What will the background be?
What is the setting? What is the set going to look
like?
a Let groups organize themselves and work on their
storyboards. Encourage the narrators and individuals
(actors) to rehearse their lines. When they are ready
allow each group to take turns rehearsing for their
group. The rest of the groups watch and make
suggestions for improvement.
a Have more trial runs if necessary and then have
students act out each picture as the storyboard for
the documentary is presented.
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16:04
4 4 The
The World
World of of
TVTV
13
a Write the title of the reading on the board and
Self Reflection brainstorm on language and information that
students remember. Call on volunteers to list as much
a Brainstorm The World of TV. Write the title on the as possible on the board.
board and elicit as many ideas and words as possible
from the class. Call on a volunteer to list the words on
quickly as they can to questions like these:
the board.
What does the viewer know about the hero of
a Have students scan pages 54 and 55. Ask them to
detective stories?
think about things they liked and things they disliked Is predictability appealing in detective films?
in this part of the unit. Use questions to help them Which are the main qualities of the hero?
remember. For example: Which are the qualities of the stereotypical
Do you like any of the films that are presented as villain?
examples? Which? Why? Why not?
a Ask students what they remember from the
Which is your favorite TV film? Describe it briefly.
discussion on TV films and documentaries.
Has it been successful? Why? Why not?
What’s the title of the film that is based on the life
story of prominent mathematician John Nash? before about likes, dislikes and things they found easy
Which film is a documentary of Bruce Lee’s life? or difficult.
a Give students time to make notes about likes and a Before directing students to 10 Writing ask them to
dislikes and easy or difficult items in the section. say what they know/remember about film genres.
a Before directing students to pages 56, 57, ask them to a Have students scan pages 62 and 63 and make notes
form some sentences. For example: as before.
Combine these sentences into one. a Direct students to 12 Project page and hold a
I am not sure what kind of film Toy story is; it is discussion about what they found more or less useful
not a war film; it is not a biography and more or less interesting. Discuss what they did.
My brother attended the meeting and I attended List some aspects of project work on the board. For
the meeting. example:
My father doesn’t want to drive to the desert. My Personalization
brother doesn’t want to drive to the desert. Creativity
John Nash is very intelligent. He is also a highly Natural language use
respected mathematician. Focus on meaning
Answers: Using other knowledge
a Have students reflect on the work they did with their
• Toy Story is neither a warm film nor a biography.
• Both my brother and I attended the meeting.
group and evaluate the activity. Identify the aspect
that they think they fulfilled.
• Neither my father nor my brother want to drive to the desert.
a Allow time for students to make notes on the project
•
John Nash is not only very intelligent but also a highly
respected mathematician. section individually.
a Have students fill out the checklist alone and write
a Have volunteers answer the questions. Elicit more their five favorite words.
questions and answers from pairs of students after
a Discuss areas that students feel they need more work
you give them a couple of minutes to think.
on and make suggestions.
a Discuss the grammar of the unit with the class. Call on
volunteers to say if they found it easy or difficult and
give reasons.
items.
say what the conversation is about in this lesson and
which expressions they remember.
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13 Self Reflection

talk about TV films and documentaries
identify genres of TV films
agree and disagree with opinions
use both… and, not only… but also, either… or, neither… nor
use independent clauses with and, but, or, so, and yet
use comparative and superlative forms of adjectives
talk more about space and the planets


from the unit again
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5 Do You Really Need It?
1. Do you think you are influenced by advertisements? Explain.
2. Describe an advertisement that you think is memorable or effective.
The BMX–3000 Sports Car

Introducing the new BMX–3000. Set yourself apart from
the crowd with a car as modern and sophisticated as you
are. The BMX–3000 has everything
you ever dreamed of — speed, beauty,
power, and performance. But be
prepared for the attention: Wherever
you go, people will watch and admire
you and your BMX–3000. Wake up
and get into the car of your dreams.
Drive a BMX–3000, because you only live once.
E N C E S H A M POO
FLORAL ES S l Essence
Shampoo. Flora sence
to dull, lifeles s hair with Floral Es alth.
Put an end
ls, so yo ur ha ir will shine with he
mins and minera ur hair
contains 28 vita ive ne w formula makes yo
s exclus
t Floral Essence’
Studies show tha ir a gain st the harmful effect
s of
yo ur ha
while protecting
twice as strong, oo for strong and
healthy hair.
se nc e Sh a m p
se Floral Es
wind and sun. U
D Y N E X
L A U N D R Y D E T E R G E N T
Trying to get rid of tough laundry stains can
be frustrating. Luckily, there’s
Dynex Laundry Detergent. Dynex has
33 percent more cleaning power than the
next leading brand. If Dynex won’t work,
nothing will! Yet, while Dynex is powerful
enough to get out the worst stains, it is gentle
enough to use with all your clothes. Give it a
try and see the Dynex difference for yourself.
Unless your clothes look their best, you won’t
feel your best.
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a Call on a student volunteer to lead the follow-up

class discussion. Have the volunteer stand at the
Unit Goals front of the class and call on the reporters to tell
about the most interesting parts of their group’s
Vocabulary Listening discussion and give examples of memorable or
The advertising industry Listen for specific details effective advertisements.
Advertisement a Ask students to close their books or cover the pages.
techniques Pronunciation | Play the audio. Have students listen with their books
To before consonants
Persuasive language closed.
and vowels
a Stop the recording after each advertisement and ask
Functions Reading a few comprehension questions to make sure that
Evaluate and discuss
Ads Everywhere: students understood the main ideas. Ask questions,
the influence
Do You “Buy” It? such as the following:
of advertising
Create an advertisement (The BMX–3000 Sports Car)
for a product
Writing What kind of car is this? (a fast, beautiful sports car)
Write a formal letter to a
Advise someone What will happen if you drive this car? (Everyone will
newspaper
against something watch and admire you.)
Form,
Meaning and (Floral Essence Shampoo)
Grammar Function What will happen if you use this shampoo? (your
Adverb Clauses Conditional Sentences with hair will be shiny and strong)
• because, because of, Present and Future Forms What have studies shown? (makes your hair twice as
since, and now that I’d Rather/I’d Prefer strong, protects your hair against wind and sun)
• (in order) to and Words Connected with
so (that) Shopping Habits (Dynex Laundry Detergent)
• if, even if, in case, only if, Why is this detergent better than others? (It contains
and unless more cleaning power.)
• where, wherever, and What can this detergent do? (get out the worst stains)
everywhere (Crystal Spring Water)
How is Crystal Spring Water different? (It is all-natural
with no additives.)
Warm Up Where does it come from? (a Swiss mountain spring)
What else is special about it? (It is good for
a With students’ books closed, write the title of the unit the environment.)
on the board: Do You Really Need It? Ask: What do
you think the unit will be about? Elicit guesses, but (Planet Mercury Sneakers)
do not deny or confirm them. If you wear these sneakers, what will you be able
to do? (run faster, jump higher, and perform better)
a Ask students to open their books to pages 68 and 69
Who wears these sneakers? (an NBA star)
and scan the pictures. Ask: Now what do you think
the unit will be about? (advertising and consumer | Play the audio again. Have students listen and read
products) Say: When you want to buy something, along.
do you ever ask yourself Do I really need this? Ask:
What is the purpose of advertisements? (to make Culture Note
people buy things)
NBA
NBA stands for National Basketball Association. It is a
1 Listen and Discuss league made up of professional basketball teams from
the United States and one from Canada.
introductory questions. Assign one student in each
group the role of reporter.
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16:04
Quick Check a Have pairs present their posters to the class. Have
the class vote on the best advertising campaign. Ask:
A Which product would you buy?
a Call on a volunteer to read aloud the directions and
the list of vocabulary words in the left column.
a Have students find and underline each word in the Workbook
advertisements. Tell them to study the context of
the word in the advertisement to help them guess
The BMX–3000 Sports Car

the meaning.
a Have students work individually to match the words
with their definitions. Teaching Tip
a Check answers by having students read aloud the Give students tips for creating and giving effective presentations.
words and the definitions. For example:
• Stand up, look around the room, and make eye contact with all
Answers of your classmates.
1. d 5. a • Speak loudly and clearly.
2. g 6. b • Be sure your poster is large enough for everyone to see and is
interesting and attractive.
3. f 7. e
• Be excited about your presentation and information! If you think
4. c
that your presentation is exciting, your classmates will too.
B Additional Activity
a Have students work with a partner to ask and answer Ask: Do advertisements always tell the truth? Elicit opinions.
the questions. Direct students’ attention back to the advertisements on pages
a Check answers by having pairs read aloud a question 68 and 69. Say: Find one claim made in each advertisement
and the answer. Elicit multiple responses for question that may not be true. Have students work with a partner to
5 since answers will vary. find and underline the claims. Then have them explain why they
think each may not be true. Possible answers include:
Answers Wherever you go, people will watch and admire you and your
BMX–3000.
Floral Essence contains 28 vitamins and minerals, so your hair will
1. BMX–3000 Sports Car
shine with health.
2. Planet Mercury Sneakers
If Dynex won’t work, nothing will!
3. Dynex Laundry Detergent and Crystal Spring Water
With Planet Mercury’s revolutionary new patented sneaker
4. Planet Mercury Sneakers technology, you can run faster, jump higher, and perform better.
5.
I think the ad for the BMX–3000 Sports Car is the best because it Drink Crystal Spring Water because it’s good for your body and
makes me want to buy one. good for the environment.
2 Pair Work
• In most television commercials advertising milk, white
Have a student read aloud the directions.
a paint is used in place of the milk.
a Arrange students in pairs. • In most advertisements, the time displayed on a watch or
a As a class, brainstorm products for which students clock is 10:10.
might create advertisements. Ideas include: an item of
clothing, a video game or system, a beauty product, or
facts
an item of sports equipment.
a Ask pairs to create a poster to present to the class. The
poster should contain a paragraph of text, similar to
the advertisements on pages 68 and 69, and a picture
or illustration of the product.
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MG_0
tal Spring Water
Crys
the clear choice.
Crystal Spring: It’s
h your body with
Spring Water, you refres
When you drink Cr ystal like lots of artificial
spring water. Unless you
100 percent all-natural an refreshment of Cr ystal
yo ur wa ter, yo u’ll love the pure, cle
additives in ain spring, with
r. Co llected stra ight from a Swiss mount
Spring W ate is water the way
d no thin g changed, Cr ystal Spring
nothin g ad de d an committed to taking care
it. An d at Cr ystal Spring, we are
na ture intend ed percent recyclable and
plastic bottles are 100
of the environment. Our Water because it’s good
stic. Drink Cr ystal Spring
use 50 percent less pla
for the environment.
for your body and good
PLANET ME
SNEAKERS RCURY
Until you put your feet
in Planet Mercury sneake
you won’t know what the rs,
y are capable of. With
Planet Mercury’s revolu
tionary new patented sne
technology, you can run aker
faster, jump higher, and
perform better. Why set
tle for less when you can
the best? Take it from NB have
A star Derek Larkin, wh
says, “I wouldn’t wear o
anything else on the cou
the Planet Mercury gener rt.” Join
ation. Don’t let everyone
have all the fun. else
Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Match each word with its definition.
1. ______ admire a. meant or planned
2. ______ brand b. causing big change
3. ______ exclusive c. combination of ingredients
4. ______ formula d. respect
5. ______ intended e. having high-class tastes
6. ______ revolutionary f. belonging only to one (company)
7. ______ sophisticated g. the name that identifies a product or manufacturer
B. Comprehension. Answer the questions about the advertisements.
1. Which advertisement appeals to the reader’s desire to be special?
2. Which advertisement appeals to the reader’s desire to do what other people are doing?
3. Which advertisements use statistics to sell their products?
4. Which advertisements use famous people to sell their products?
5. Which advertisements do you think are most effective? Why?
2 Pair Work
Work with a partner to choose a product. Create an advertisement for the product
and share it with the class.
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3 Grammar
Adverb Clauses
An adverb clause is a dependent clause. It begins with an adverb and is always linked to an independent clause.
Because the shoes were on sale, I bought two pairs.
(adverb clause) (independent clause)
Don’t buy that dress unless you really need it.
(independent clause) (adverb clause)
Note: When an adverb clause begins the sentence, use a comma to separate it from the independent clause.
When the adverb clause is at the end, do not use a comma.
Because, because of, since, and now that begin adverb clauses that give information about reasons.
They closed the store early since there were no customers.
Because of must be followed by a noun (or noun phrase).
They went to the mall because of the sale.
(In order) to and so (that) begin adverb clauses that give information about purpose.
(In order) to must be followed with the base form of the verb.
Advertisements use many techniques in order to convince people to buy products.
Clauses with so (that) usually include a modal.
I left my wallet at home so that I wouldn’t be tempted to buy anything.
If, even if, in case, only if, and unless begin adverb clauses that give information about conditions.
I’ll write down my phone number in case you need it.
Use if to show that the condition affects the result. Use even if to show that it does not. Use the present tense with
an if-clause, even if it refers to a future time.
We won’t go to the picnic if it rains.
We’re going to the picnic, even if it rains.
Where, wherever, and everywhere begin adverb clauses that give information about place.
He buys something wherever he goes.
The advertisements were placed everywhere you could imagine.
A. Match the main clauses and adverb clauses to form sentences. Use correct punctuation.
They patented their new formula so that no one else could use it.
1. They patented their new formula c a. I feel so much more energetic
2. She can’t use that brand of make-up b. only if I finish my paper tonight
3. Even if you are in perfect health c. so that no one else could use it
4. I shop d. because she’s allergic to it
5. I’ll come to the picnic tomorrow e. where I can get the best prices
6. Since I started exercising f. you should have an annual checkup
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3 Grammar If, Even If, In Case, Only If, and Unless

a Have a student read aloud the explanation. Look at
the example sentences as a class.
Adverb Clauses a Write the adverbs if, even if, in case, only if, and
Call on a student to read aloud the explanation.
a unless on the board in the Conditions column. Ask
a Write each example sentence on the board and ask students to do the same in their notebooks.
students to label the parts. For example, write: a Elicit additional sentences from students that contain
Because the shoes were on sale, I bought two pairs. adverb clauses beginning with these words.
Ask: Which is the independent clause? (I bought two
pairs.) How do you know? (It is a complete sentence.) Where, Wherever, and Everywhere
Which is the dependent clause? (because the shoes a Have a student read aloud the explanation. Look at
were on sale) How do you know? (It is not a complete the example sentences as a class. Write the adverbs
sentence.) Say: This dependent clause is an adverb where, wherever, and everywhere on the board in
clause. How do you know this? (It begins with the the Place column. Ask students to do the same in
adverb because.) their notebooks.
a Repeat this procedure with the second example a Elicit additional sentences from students that contain
sentence, making sure that students can correctly adverb clauses beginning with these words.
identify the independent clause, the adverb clause,
and the adverb. A
a Explain that adverb clauses give specific information. a Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions and the
Write the title Adverbs on the board. Then draw a example.
4-column chart underneath it with the headings a Tell students to first match the independent clauses
Reasons, Purpose, Conditions, and Place. Ask and adverb clauses. Then they rewrite the complete
students to copy this chart down in their notebooks. sentences. Point out that both columns contain each
type of clause.
Because, Because of, Since, and Now That a Have students work individually to match and rewrite
a Have a student read aloud the explanation. Look at

the sentences.
the example sentences as a class. Write the adverbs a Check answers by having students write their sentences
because, because of, since, and now that on the on the board. Check for correct punctuation.
board in the Reasons column. Ask students to do the
same in their notebooks. Answers
a Elicit additional sentences from students that contain 1. c They patented their new formula so that no one else could
adverb clauses beginning with these words. use it.
2. d She can’t use that brand of makeup because she’s allergic
(In Order) To and So (That) to it.
3. f Even if you are in perfect health, you should have an
Have a student read aloud the explanation. Look at
a
annual checkup.
the example sentences as a class. Write the adverbs 4. e I shop where I can get the best prices.
(in order) to and so (that) on the board in the
5. b I’ll come to the picnic tomorrow only if I finish my
Purpose column. Ask students to do the same in paper tonight.
their notebooks.
6. a Since I started exercising, I feel so much more energetic.
Elicit additional sentences from students that contain
a
adverb clauses beginning with these words.
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16:05
5 5 DoDo You
You Really
Really Need
Need It?It?
B D
a Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions. Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions.
a
a Have students read aloud each adverb in the box and a Have students work individually to complete the
say what type of adverb it is (reason, condition, purpose, sentences and then compare them with a partner.
or place). They can refer to the grammar box on page a Call on multiple students to say their completed
71 or the chart in their notebooks. sentence for each.
a Have students work individually to complete
the sentences. Answers
a Check answers by calling on students to read their Answers will vary. Sample answers:
completed sentences aloud. Since more than one 1. I will read more books now that I have more time.
answer is possible for 1 and 6, call on multiple students 2. Global warming will continue unless people begin taking better
to elicit all of the possibilities. care of the planet.
3. If I found my best friend’s journal, I would not read it.
Answers 4. Take a phone with you in case you need help.
5. Wherever you go these days, people are talking on the phone.
Answers will vary. Sample answers: 6. Unless you have a passport, you will not be allowed to cross
1. Even if / Unless 4. because of the border.
2. so that 5. Wherever
3. in order to 6. Because / Since / Now that E
C Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions.
a
a Have students work in pairs to write their advertising
Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions. Look at
a
the example sentence together. Point out to students script for toothpaste. Ask them to use at least three
that they must choose only one of the adverbs in adverbs from the box.
parentheses to use for each sentence. a Call on several pairs to role-play their commercial.
a Remind students to use correct punctuation in

their combined sentences. Review that a comma Workbook
follows the adverb clause if it comes before the
independent clause. Assign pages 48–50 for practice with the grammar of
a Have students work individually to combine the the unit.
sentences. Then have them compare sentences with
a partner.
a Check answers as a class by having students write Teaching Tip
their combined sentences on the board. Check for When presenting grammar, assess students’ comprehension and
correct punctuation. mastery of a point and tailor the presentation as you go. Some
grammar points will require more examples and explanation
Answers than others.
Answers will vary. Sample answers: Additional Activity
1. Since we have no idea how to get there, we’re going to use
Create a chain story using adverb clauses. Begin the story, and
a map.
then go around the room, asking each student to add another
2. Now that a new leader has been elected, things are starting
line. For example: Now that I am old enough, I will apply for
to change.
a driver’s license. Since I don’t have a car, I will have to buy one.
3. Even if you get the flu shot, you can still get the flu.
4. She takes her electronic dictionary with her wherever she goes.
In order to buy a car, I will have to save some money, etc.
5. If you want to go to a top university, you must have
Continue until all students have added to the story.
excellent grades.
6. I’d be happy to keep you company unless you want to be alone.
7. The game was cancelled because of the rain.
8. Keep in touch so that I know how you are doing. TV advertisements are considered the most
effective type because advertisers can target
specific groups of people who watch
facts certain programs.
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MG_0
B. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box. In some cases, more than one
answer is possible.
because of in order to since unless

even if now that so that wherever
I’ll give you a call while we’re hiking unless I can’t get a signal on my cell phone.
1. ______________________ it rains tomorrow, the parade will still happen.
2. It is important to wear your seatbelt ______________________ you don’t get hurt in an accident.
3. People vote ______________________ have an impact on their government.
4. The football game had to be canceled ______________________ the heat.
5. ______________________ he goes, his little brother follows him.
6. ______________________ he’s working in a prestigious law firm, he wears sophisticated clothes.
C. Combine each pair of sentences using the appropriate word or phrase in parentheses.
I’ll buy an electronic book reader. I won’t buy it if it’s too expensive. (because / unless)
I’ll buy an electronic book reader unless it’s too expensive.
1. We’re going to use a map. We have no idea how to get there. (since / so that)
2. A new leader has been elected. Things are starting to change. (unless / now that)
3. You get the flu shot. You can still get the flu. (even if / in order to)
4. She takes her electronic dictionary with her. She takes it to each place she goes. (unless / wherever)
5. You want to go to a top university. You must have excellent grades. (because of / if )
6. I’d be happy to keep you company. You might want to be alone. (unless / if )
7. The game was canceled. The rain was the reason. (only if / because of )
8. Keep in touch. I want to know how you are doing. (so that / even if )
D. Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

1. …now that I have more time. 4. …in case you need help.
2. Global warming will continue unless… 5. Wherever you go these days,…
3. If I found my best friend’s journal,… 6. Unless you have a passport,…
E. Look at the TV commercial for toothpaste. Imagine

what the man is saying. Write a script for the
commercial, using some of the words from the box.
If you want sparkling, white teeth, try

Sparkle Bright toothpaste.
because in case so that

because of in order to unless
even if now that where
everywhere only if wherever
if since
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4 Conversation
Farah: Wow. Look at all those bags! I wouldn’t buy any
more if I were you. I think you’re going to regret
spending so much money today. You bought
four sweaters, three dresses, and two pairs of
shoes.
Amal: Actually, I bought three pairs of shoes. But don’t
worry. I’m not buying another thing. I don’t think
I could carry anything else. And anyway, after all this shopping, I’m officially broke.
Farah: Let’s go so that you’re not tempted to buy anything else. Hey, where are you going?
Amal: Look at this gorgeous sweater!
Farah: Amal! Didn’t you just say you weren’t going to buy another thing?
Amal: Yeah, but now I’m not so sure. I hardly have any red sweaters, and this one is adorable.
Farah: I thought you were broke. I would just walk away from it if I were you.
Amal: Well, I do have my credit card.
Farah: I don’t think using your credit card is a good idea. Think carefully about it before you blow more
money on more clothes.
Amal: You’re right. I’d better not max out my credit card. OK. I’m going to show some self-control. If I
stay here another minute or two, I’ll break down and buy it. So quick—let’s beat it.
About the Conversation Real Talk

1. Where are Farah and Amal? How do you know? broke = out of money
2. What is Farah trying to convince Amal not to do? Why? blow = waste money
3. What does Amal change her mind about in the conversation? max out = spend up to the limit
beat it = leave quickly
Your Turn Advising Against Something

Role-play with a partner. Imagine that you are Are you sure you want to do that?
about to do something that is enjoyable, but I don’t think that’s a good idea.
probably isn’t a good idea, such as spending I wouldn’t do that if I were you.
a lot of money on clothes, taking a nap when I’m afraid you’re going to regret it if you. . .
you should be studying, or eating a second You should think carefully before you. . .
helping of dessert. Your partner will try to
convince you not to do it, using the phrases
for advising against something.
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4 Conversation Language Builder

a Ask students to look at the photo without reading The word max in the phrase max out is short for
the conversation. Ask: What are all these bags? maximum. A related expression is to the max, meaning
(shopping) to the maximum point. For example:
a Write on the board: Where are the women? Ask Some athletes push their body to the max by exercising and
students to listen to the conversation for the answer practicing continuously.
to this question. Another expression is maxed out, meaning exhausted or
incapable of doing more. For example:
| Play the audio. Have students listen with their books
I am maxed out after working so hard all week.
closed, or the conversation covered.
a Elicit responses to the question on the board. (They
She is maxed out from trying to help too many people
are shopping, probably at a mall or department store.) at once.
| Play the audio again. Have students listen and read

Real Talk About the Conversation

a Discuss the questions as a class. Ask students to
a Model the words and phrases for students to repeat.
read aloud the questions and call on other students
Explain that these are informal words and phrases that
to answer. Don’t confirm or deny answers yourself.
would not be used in writing or formal conversation.
Rather, ask other students: Do you agree?
a Ask who says each word or expression and why. Elicit
answers, such as the following: Answers
broke (Amal says this first, meaning that she has
1.
They are at the mall or in a department store. Amal has bought
absolutely no money left to spend.)
a lot of different things.
blow (Farah says this, meaning that she thinks Amal is 2.
Farah tells Amal not to buy anything else because she has
wasting her money on clothes that she doesn’t need.) already bought a lot of clothes.
max out (Amal says this, meaning that it wouldn’t 3.
Amal decides not to buy the red sweater since she doesn’t
be smart to spend the maximum amount of money want to max out her credit card.
possible on her credit card.) Point out that you
can max out other things, such as your cell phone
minutes, texting limits, computer memory, music
Your Turn
storage, etc. a Call on a student to read aloud the directions.
beat it (Amal says this, meaning they should leave a Focus students’ attention on the phrases in the box.
the mall quickly before she buys something else.) This Explain that these are phrases that people often use
phrase is usually used to mean leave quickly before when they are politely trying to stop someone from
something bad happens. doing something. Model the phrases for students to
a Have students practice the words and expressions repeat, using correct intonation and disapproval in
with a partner. Write the following prompts on the your voice.
board for them to discuss: a Have students work in pairs to role-play their
When is the last time you were broke? conversation, using phrases from the box.
What kinds of things do you blow money on? a Have a few pairs act out their conversations for the class.
What is something that you often max out?

Tell about a situation when you had to beat it.
switching roles.
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5 5 DoDo You
You Really
Really Need
Need It?It?
5 Listening Even though my mama and I live miles apart, she is always in my
heart. That’s why I’m sending her a Caremark card. Because when
you send Caremark, you send love.
a Read the directions aloud and ask students to study
Imagine if your home was burglarized in the middle of the night.
the chart. What would you do? How would you keep your family safe? Luckily,
| Play the audio. Tell students to first just listen for the with Safe Home alarm systems, you never have to worry about the
names of the products listed in the chart. safety of your family and your home.
| Play the audio again. Tell students to write the
6 Pronunciation
advertising techniques.
| Play the audio again to check answers. Pause the
recording as necessary.
| Play the audio for the explanation. Have students
listen and read along.
Answers
| Play the audio for the sentences. Have students listen
Advertising Technique and repeat, or speak along with
1. Sparkle Bright toothpaste Endorsement the recording.
2. Dew Top cola Bandwagon Technique
3. Indigo jeans
4. Caremark cards
Anti-Bandwagon Technique
Emotional Appeal
5. Safe Home alarm systems Emotional Appeal A
Have students work individually to match the words
| Audioscript a
with the definitions.
Good morning and welcome to the class Advertising 101. You
are here today because you want to learn the secrets behind Answers
how advertisers sell to consumers. As you become more familiar
with the techniques advertisers use to sell their products, you 1. e 2. f 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. d
will notice that these same approaches pop up again and again,
selling everything from toothpaste to tires and life insurance to B
laundry detergent. Let’s take a look at some of these techniques. Have students compare answers with a partner.
a
Endorsements are one of the most popular types of advertising
techniques. This technique shows a famous person promoting the
product. Because viewers admire and want to be like the person, Workbook
they may want to use the product. Here is an example: I’m famous
for my smile. But I owe that smile to Sparkle Bright toothpaste. Assign page 51 for additional reading practice.
Another popular advertising technique is called the Bandwagon
Technique. To jump on the bandwagon is an idiom that means
to join something simply because it is fashionable. So when Teaching Tip
advertisements use this technique, they try to make viewers
Encourage students to listen to English broadcasts that they find
believe that they will be part of the popular crowd if they use
interesting outside of class. If they are interested in the topic they
the product. Listen to an example: More and more people are
will try harder to understand it, and it will feel less like work.
switching to the refreshment of Dew Top cola. Don’t you want to be
one of them?
Additional Activity
The Anti-Bandwagon Technique takes the opposite approach. It
Arrange students in small groups. Assign each group one of the
encourages consumers to feel that if they buy a certain product,
advertising techniques discussed in the Listening. Have groups
they will show their individuality and be recognized as someone
find examples of print or media advertisements that use that
special. When you’re ready to break away from the pack, there’s
technique. Have them present their findings to the class.
Indigo jeans. Think for yourself. Indigo jeans.
Emotional appeal is a technique in which the advertiser tries
to get the viewer to respond to the commercial with some
kind of strong emotion. The advertiser wants the consumer to
associate the product with the emotion. Listen to two examples
The most effective Internet advertisements have flash
of emotional appeal:
animation, motion, or video. They are difficult to ignore!
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5 Listening
Listen to the lecture about advertising techniques.
Then identify the kind of technique each product uses.
Advertising Technique
1. Sparkle Bright toothpaste What’s good about it?
2. Dew Top cola
3. Indigo jeans
4. Caremark cards
5. Safe Home alarm systems
6 Pronunciation
The word to has different pronunciations. Before consonants, to is generally pronounced /tu/, like
the first sound in the word tug. Before vowels, to is generally pronounced /tuː/ like the word two.
Listen and practice.
1. Good morning and welcome to Advertising 101.
2. You are here today because you want to learn the secrets behind how advertisers sell
to consumers.
3. Because viewers admire and want to be like the person, they may want to use the product.
4. The advertiser tries to get the viewer to respond to the commercial with some kind of
strong emotion.
5. The advertiser wants the consumer to associate the product with the emotion.
A. You will see the following words in the reading on pages 74 and 75. Match the words with
their meanings.
1. ______ consumer a. shockingly strange or unexpected
2. ______ exposed b. design symbol of a business or product
3. ______ logo c. without planning
4. ______ outlandish d. different from what is typically expected
5. ______ spontaneously e. a person who buys things or services
6. ______ unconventional f. left unprotected
B. Check your answers with a partner. If you do not understand the meaning of a word, look it up in
a dictionary.
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8 Reading
Before Reading
Make a list of all the places you see ads in your everyday life. How
many ads do you think you are exposed to in an average day?
ADS EVERYWHERE:
Do You “Buy” It?
For most people, it is virtually impossible to go
through the day without seeing advertisements. From
the time we wake up and flip on the TV or check our
email, we are surrounded by advertisements. They are
in magazines, on buses, on billboards, online, and on
buildings, to name just a few of the places we see them throughout the day. According to a recent
study, the average person is exposed to between 400 and 600 advertisements each day. This means
that by the time we are 60, we will have been exposed to 40 to 50 million advertisements!
In the past, advertisements were usually designed to reach people in their homes through traditional
approaches, like TV commercials and newspaper and magazine ads. However, people’s viewing
habits have changed dramatically in the last couple of decades. These days, people are less likely to
give one form of media their full attention. For example, even if someone is watching TV, they are
also often using the Internet at the same time. Advertisers need the consumer’s attention in order
to promote their products. But because getting this attention is harder than it used to be, advertisers
have been forced to find new ways of reaching the consumer.
One unconventional place advertisements are popping up is in doctors’ offices. In some doctors’
offices, pharmaceutical companies advertise products on everything from boxes of tissues to the
paper covering the exam table. Doctors get free products, and the advertisers get the consumers’,
attention. Similarly, advertisements are becoming more common in schools. “Free” products such
as book covers and educational posters are offered by companies so that the company can advertise
on these materials. In the U.S., a company called Channel One broadcasts a ten-minute news
program followed by two minutes of commercials each day in 350,000 schools. Because the schools
show these news programs, the companies give them thousands of dollars worth of much needed
audiovisual equipment.
Advertisers have found that one of the best ways to get consumer attention is to place ads in unusual
places. So, ads are popping up in all kinds of unexpected places like pizza boxes, grocery carts, air
sickness bags on airplanes, and even on pieces of food like bananas and apples. A television network
recently imprinted its logo on 35 million eggs. They called the approach “egg-vertisements.”
One of the strangest developments in advertising has been people selling advertising space on
themselves! This mini-trend began in 2005 when a man offered his face for advertising to the
highest bidder on eBay. A pharmaceutical company won the spot, paying the man $37,375 to place
a temporary sticker on his forehead to advertise one of their products. He may have been the first to
offer such an unusual exchange, but he was not the last.
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8 Reading a For additional vocabulary practice, refer students

back to the Vocabulary Building exercise on page 74.
a With books closed, discuss the Before Reading
Ask students to search the text for all of the words
in the left column and underline them. Ask them to
activity and question as a class. Brainstorm all of the
study the context of the words to help them better
places students see ads and write them on the board.
understand the meaning.
Have students guess at how many ads they see a day.
Do not confirm or deny answers at this point. a Call on volunteers to explain in their own words how
a Have a student read aloud the title: Ads Everywhere:

the vocabulary words are used in the text. Sample
answers include:
Do You “Buy” It? Ask: Why is Buy in quotation
marks? Elicit or explain that buy has two meanings in Advertisements are designed to catch the attention
this title. The first meaning is to purchase something. of consumers and make them want to buy or
The second, more idiomatic meaning is to accept, use products.
believe, or support something. Ask: What are the two The amount of advertisements that people are
meanings of the title? (Do you buy products that you exposed to every day and throughout their lives
see advertisements for? and Do you accept the practice is unbelievable.
of being exposed to advertisements everywhere?) Companies include their logos every place possible
a Direct students’ attention to the photos. Ask: Do you for consumers to notice.
recognize these cities? Elicit or explain that the first Using people’s bodies to advertise products is an
photo shows Riyahd and the second photo shows example of outlandish advertising.
Jeddah. Ask Do you see many advetisements in these Some people are hired to spontaneously discuss
cities? What do they advertise? Have a brief class products with people that they know to promote the
discussion. product without the other person knowing.
Unconventional places that we see advertisements
READING STRATEGY Previewing include bathrooms and elevators.
a Explain to students that previewing a text before
they read it will prepare them to understand it better. Culture Notes
Previewing gives the reader an idea of what the text
will be about and the reader can think about what he eBay
or she already knows about this topic. eBay is an online auction and shopping site. It is owned
a Ask students to read the first sentence in the first by the American Internet company eBay, Inc. In addition
paragraph, covering the rest of the paragraph. Ask: to its U.S. website, eBay has more than thirty localized
What do you think you will learn in this paragraph? websites in different countries around the world. Using
(about the amount of advertisements people see in this site, anybody can buy and sell merchandise. A slogan
a day) of the website is Whatever it is, you can get it on eBay.
a Ask students to read aloud the first sentence in Shibuya
the second paragraph, covering the rest of that Shibuya is one of 23 wards or districts in Tokyo, Japan. It
paragraph. Ask: What do you think this paragraph is known as a fashion center popular with young people.
will tell you? (how advertisements reach people today) Times Square
a Continue previewing the text in this manner, having
Times Square is an intersection in the heart of New York
students read the first sentence of each paragraph City. It is recognizable for its many advertisements.
and eliciting what they think they will learn in
that paragraph.
a As a wrap-up to the preview, call on a volunteer to
summarize what the entire text will be about. After
reading the complete text, students are likely to be
surprised at how much information they learned just
by reading the first sentence of each paragraph.
| Play the audio of the text. Have students listen and
read along in their books.
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5 5 DoDo You
You Really
Really Need
Need It?It?
After Reading
a Have students work individually to write answers to
Teaching Tip
these questions. During class discussions, make sure that one or two students,
or you yourself, don’t dominate the discussion. If necessary, ask
a Encourage students to use their own words in their
quieter students to lead the discussion by asking the questions
answers. One way to do this is for students to reread and calling on classmates to respond.
the part of the text that answers the question, and
then close their books to write the answer. Project: Advertise Events
a To check answers as a class, ask a different student to Brainstorm a list of events in your community or at your school
read aloud each question and call on a classmate to that need advertising. These could include clubs, sports events,
answer it. or events in the community, such as a local art show or bazaar.
Assign each group an event to advertise. Have groups create
Answers advertisements for the event and, if possible, hang them around
the school. Encourage groups to be creative.
1.
The average person is exposed to between 400 and 600
advertisements each day.
2.
T V commercials, newspaper ads, and magazine ads are
traditional advertising approaches. The Gerber baby food company made a mistake when selling
3.
Selling advertising space on one’s body is a strange their baby food in Africa. They used the same packaging as in
development in advertising. the U.S., a picture of an adorable baby. They later learned that
4. Buzz marketing is considered the sneakiest form of advertising.
facts companies in Africa often put pictures on the label of what’s
inside in case the consumers aren’t able to read the label.
9 Speaking
a Have students in pairs to prepare the task.
a Have students copy the chart in the notebook and
write their ideas.
a Then form groups of four by putting two pairs
together.
a Have the pairs explain to each other their ideas.
a Ask groups to share their answers with the class.
Workbook
and sentence level.
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Perhaps the sneakiest form of advertising is called
buzz marketing. This involves a company hiring
people to create excitement about a product. In
exchange for free products or money, these people
pretend to talk about the product spontaneously in
everyday settings to people they meet in their daily
lives. Sometimes professional actors are even hired
to pose as users of the product. If the technique is done correctly, the consumers do not even
know that they were the target of buzz marketing. Lately, buzz marketing has been spreading to
chat rooms, Internet forums, and blogs.
Wherever we go, advertisements seem to follow. Unless you’re reading this article on a desert
island, there’s probably an advertisement close by. And there seems to be no limit to the lengths
advertisers will go to in order to catch our attention. In the years ahead, we can expect advertisers
to come up with even more creative, surprising, and outlandish forms
of advertising in their ongoing efforts to grab our attention—and our
wallets!
After Reading
1. How many advertisements is the average person exposed to each day?
2. What are traditional advertising approaches?
3. What does the author of the article consider to be one of the strangest
developments in advertising?
4. What does the author consider to be the sneakiest form of advertising?
9 Speaking
1. Work in pairs/groups. Think about advertising that is used to address adults, teenagers, and young
children in your country. Decide on 2-3 products and/or services for each age group. Which
advertisements are more memorable, in your view?
2. Talk about the slogans, images, and methods/techniques used in these advertisements and make
notes in the chart. Then use your notes to discuss your ideas in class.
Target group Product/service 1 Product/service 2 Method/technique

Adults
Teenagers
Young children
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10 Writing
A. 1. Do you enjoy writing by hand? Why? Why not?
2. Do you think handwriting is a useful skill? Why? Why not?
• What does handwriting involve?
• Why are some people not keen on writing by hand?
• What can specialists find out about someone through his or her handwriting?
• Why is word-processing popular?
• Which types of tests are mentioned? What is the difference between them?
• What is the writer’s viewpoint on the issue? Do you agree or disagree? Why?
Is handwriting obsolete?
Handwriting involves forming letters with a writing and search for words or
implement. Proper handwriting, i.e. cursive writing, alternative expressions.
normally requires formal training that is still in place in Compared to all these
some schools. Naturally, at initial literacy levels young advantages, handwriting
learners are trained to manipulate a writing implement seems so restricting
and develop their eye-hand coordination so they can and restricted that most
form letters. computer literate people
As learners get older, however, they are more reluctant limit it to scribbling notes for someone or filling in forms
to write. One of the reasons mentioned is the fact that are not available in electronic form.
that most people word-process, making handwriting Tests, you might argue, require handwriting. Some
unnecessary. Even older adults that used to have a do and some are computer-based; it is true, however,
distinct handwriting style often claim to have lost the that a substantial number of pen and paper tests
ability to write smoothly and evenly. So is handwriting require writing by hand within a set time limit. “Rusty”
obsolete? Should we forget about it? handwriting is likely to affect the final score.
Handwriting has been a very distinct identifying Overall, there seems to be some resistance to the total
feature. It represents the writer in more ways than and unbroken hegemony of the computer, indicating
one. Graphologists analyze handwriting to determine that people do not want to become totally reliant on it.
character traits, gender, personality, and emotional They are keen to hang on to some of the more tangible
state or to authenticate documents. Allowing it to truly aspects of literate life that can be manipulated and
become obsolete would remove an identity marker accessed without the help of a device, such as reading
that has been regarded quite highly in historical and books or writing by hand.
personal terms. Handwritten notes of prominent authors In view of the above, we would have to consider a
are coveted by collectors, who will often pay exorbitant more inclusive standpoint that allows us to exploit
amounts to possess them. technological advances, while maintaining the ability to
On the other hand, most of us will invariably use a write with a simple implement on a surface for someone
computer when we write. It is fast and efficient, and to read. Being able to record ideas, information, and
it makes editing so much easier. You can delete, copy, messages in a self-sufficient and independent manner
paste, store versions of your work throughout stages allows us to control the action itself and continue being
of editing for later reference; you can spell-check masters of our expression.
4. Read the text again and identify:

• thesis statements • supporting statements
5. What are some of the differences between this text and an expository essay?
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10 Writing
• Specialists can analyze a person’s handwriting to determine
character traits, gender, personality, emotional state or to
authenticate documents.
A • It’s popular because it is fast and efficient and facilitates
editing as people can make changes, add or correct parts of
a Write handwriting on the board and ask the students
a text without having to write the whole thing. In addition, a
how they feel about it.
computer can be used to check spelling through spell-check.
a Read questions 1 and 2 and hold a discussion in class. • There are computer based tests and pen and paper tests.
a Organize students into groups and ask them to Computer based tests do not require writing by hand within a
discuss question 2 in greater detail. Call on a student set time limit, whereas pen and paper tests do.
from each group to report the group decisions. • The writer is in favor of technological advances that allow us to
a Ask students to read the title and answer it. Divide the do things efficiently but he is also keen to preserve the skill of
class into two groups, one that thinks handwriting is writing by hand without the help of a device; as a means of self-
obsolete and one that disagrees. Give groups a few sufficiency and independence which is not reliant on machines.
minutes to prepare their arguments and then hold a a Have students read directions for 4 and answer the
class debate. questions individually then compare with a partner.
a Organize students into pairs. Have them read the a Call on volunteers to report their answers for the class.
questions for task 3 and try to predict as many of the
answers as they can and make notes. Call on pairs to Answers:
suggest possible answers in class. Thesis statements
a Divide the class into four groups A, B, C, D. Ask Paragraph 1: Handwriting involves…implement.
each group to read part of the text. Group A reads Paragraph 2: As learners get older, … to write
paragraphs 1 and 2 Paragraph 3: Handwriting has … feature.
Group B reads paragraphs 3 and the first 5 lines of
Paragraph 4: On the other hand, … we write.
paragraph 4 (in the first column)
Paragraph 5: Some … computer-based;
Group C reads the last 9 lines of paragraph 4 and
Paragraph 6: Overall, there … reliant on it.
paragraph 5
Group D reads paragraphs 7 and 8. Paragraph 7: In view of …standpoint…
Set a time limit of 2 minutes for each group to read Subsequent information, details and arguments in each paragraph
its section silently and answer the questions that they are used as supporting statements.
can answer. An alternative way of analyzing the text would also make it possible
to consider the first half of the last paragraph as the main thesis
a Call on each group to report their answers.
statement with the rest of the paragraphs serving to support it.
Group A first two questions
a Read the directions for 5 with the class. Ask the
Group B third and fourth questions
Group C fourth and fifth question students to work in pairs comparing this text and an
Group D last question and comments. expository essay. Direct them to Unit 4 if necessary to
As each group reports, ask the class to listen and review some key features of an expository essay.
make notes. a Elicit ideas from different pairs and write them on the
a Play the audio and have students listen and follow in board.
their texts. Ask them to check their notes as they do
so. Give them some time to discuss the notes on all
Possible answers:
the answers in their groups and then check in class. Expository essay: objective statements, thesis and information that
a Hold a brief class discussion on the last point/ has been researched and evidenced/ comments and examples
made by others/ quotes, exchanges and arguments from different
question. Allow students to express their opinion.
sources
Answers: Persuasive essay/this text: a thesis statement and a title that will
attract readers/ exploit controversy/ avoid controversy/ consider
• Handwriting involves forming letters with a writing implement. different views/ use of questions/ objections to your arguments
Cursive writing requires formal training and initial literacy or viewpoints and ways to overcome them/ focus on getting your
stages require children to learn how to manipulate a writing reader to agree with you.
implement and develop their eye-hand coordination.
• Some people are not keen on handwriting because they prefer
word-processing.
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16:05
5 5 DoDo You
You Really
Really Need
Need It?It?
a Give students time to rewrite their letters.

B
a Call on volunteers to read their letters in class. Have
a Tell students that they will write a persuasive letter to a
the rest of the class exchange and read as many letters
local newspaper about advertising in schools.
as possible. Ask them to choose the ones they like best
a Read the directions for tasks 1 and 2 with the class.
to include in a class portfolio.
Organize students in groups and have them decide
what the advantages and disadvantages are about
advertising in schools. Workbook
a Have them draw an organizer in their notebooks like
this: Assign page 54 for additional writing practice above word
and sentence level.
Advantages Disadvantages
Advertising
in schools Additional Activity
Divide the class into two groups depending on their position
on advertising in schools. Have them collate and edit all their
a Give groups time to decide according to their notes arguments and produce a group letter that presents and argues
their viewpoint.
whether they are in favor or against advertising in
schools.
a Call on a student to read directions for task 3 aloud.
a Direct students to the Writing corner. Call on different
students to read each point. Explain, discuss and
provide or elicit examples about the different points
raised.
a Explain that formal letters often start and end in
the same way. Direct them to the examples for
appropriate phrases for openings and closings.
a Explain that formal letters use a set of connectors to
present and list points in an argument. This helps set
an argument out in a clear way in order to persuade
the reader to agree with the writer.
a Direct students to the model letter on page 65 for an
example of the appropriate style and organization of a
formal letter.
a Focus on the opposite view and think about questions
or arguments that people might ask to object. Address
the objections with counterarguments, facts and
examples.
a Have students read the model text. Tell them that they
can choose to continue from where it stops or write
their own beginning.
a Ask students to write a first draft. Encourage them to
help each other.
a Circulate and monitor as students work.
a Have students exchange their first drafts, read and edit
them. Encourage students to make suggestions in
order to help each other improve their letters.
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B. 1. Decide whether or not you support advertising in schools.
2. Think about reasons why advertising in schools is a good or bad idea. Use an organizer to write
down your ideas.
3. Write a letter to your local newspaper about this topic, trying to convince the reader that your view is correct.
Advertising
in schools
IS / IS NOT
a good idea.
Dear Editor, adver tising

las t we ek ’s ar tic le abou t the rights and wrongs of
In response to a positive thing.
wr itin g to giv e yo u my opinion on why I think it is
in schools, I am
gives teachers the
in and around the school
First of all, having adver ts and adver tising ....
y to te ac h st ud en ts ab out the field of marketing
opportunit
Moreover, ...
To sum up, ...

Writing Corner
When you write a letter to communicate your opinion and feelings on a controversial topic:
• start with an appropriate greeting: Dear Editor, Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Mr. Jones.
• state clearly the reason why you are writing and give your general opinion on the topic.
• state your reasons for your opinion by giving reasons and/or examples.
• organize your reasons into clear paragraphs. Each paragraph should start with a sentence
which gives the main reason (topic sentence). The paragraph should then be developed in
such a way that you support the topic sentence with more details and examples.
• use connectors to list your main reasons: Moreover, …; In addition, …; Additionally, …;
What’s more, …; Last but not least, … and so on.
• to express your opinion, uses phrases such as: In my opinion, …; From my point of view, …;
As far as I’m concerned, …; I strongly believe that, …
• ask yourself what objections your readers might have to your ideas and use phrases to
express a general opinion such as: Most people think that …; Everyone knows that …; Most
people support/ oppose the idea…
• select features and benefits that you can present to overcome these objections.
• do not forget to write a conclusion carefully, going back to your initial thesis statement and
summarizing your facts/arguments. Use phrases such as: To sum up, …; In conclusion, …; To
conclude, … and so on.
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Conditional Sentences with Present and Future Forms
You can use conditional sentences with if to talk about causes and results.
Present Facts
Use the simple present tense in both clauses.
Our bottles are recyclable. If you drink Crystal Spring water, not only do you feel more energetic
but you help the environment.
Future Facts
Use the simple present in the if-clause and the future with be going to or will in the result clause.
If you drive the BMX-300, people will notice and admire you.
If you have dull and lifeless hair, Floral Essence shampoo will make it healthy and shiny.
You won’t feel your best, if your clothes don’t look their best.
May/Might
Use may/might in the result clause to suggest something is possible, but not certain.
If you haven’t yet worn Planet Mercury sneakers, you may not be performing to your best ability. Put your feet
in them today to see what you can do!
I’d Rather / I’d Prefer

Use I’d rather (= I would rather) to talk about preferences.
A: Would you prefer to go shopping or stay home?
B: I’d rather go shopping.
A: I’d prefer to stay home. I don’t want to spend all my money.
A. Complete the sentences about facts. Use the simple present or will in the second clause.
1. If you ________ (heat) water to 100°C, it ________ (boil).
2. If they ________ (climb) up to 4,000 meters, they ________ (need) oxygen.
3. Unless you ________ (stop) spending, you ________ (be) completely broke before
the end of the month.
B. Work with a partner. Say what happens, will happen, or might happen in the following situations.
1. If children see a lot of toy commercials on TV, .
2. If there is a sale at my favorite store, .
3. If I leave my wallet or cell phone at home, .
4. If you get top marks at school, .
5. If I see an advertisement on TV, .
6. Your idea: .
C. Work with a partner. Ask and answer. Would you rather buy clothes online or at the mall? Why?
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11 Form, Meaning and B

Function a In pairs, students should discuss the different ways to
complete each sentence.
a Tell them to complete the sentences in their book in a
Conditional Sentences with Present and way that is true for them.
Future Forms a Have volunteers call out their answers for the class to
a Have volunteers read aloud the example sentences in hear.
the presentation.
Answers
a Explain that when we use if to talk about present
facts, if means whenever. For this reason we often Students’ own answers
substitute if with when.
C
a Elicit the verb forms in the if-clause and the main
a Tell students to focus on using the correct form when
clause (simple present + simple present).
they state their preference.
a When we use if to talk about the future, if means
a Call on students to share their ideas with the class.
something may or may not happen. Elicit the verb
forms in the if-clause and the main clause (simple Answers
present + will/won’t).
a Emphasize that we use the simple present in the if-
clause even though we are talking about the future.
a Elicit the difference in meaning between an if-clause
+ may/might (the second event is not certain to
Teaching Tip
happen if the event in the if-clause happens) and an Keep a few ideas on hand for tasks to give to students who finish
if-clause + will (the second event is certain to happen an activity early. These will keep them busy while the others
if the event in the if-clause happens). are still working. One idea is to have them write two or three
more questions or exercise items like the ones they have just
completed. They can present these to the class at the end of the
Language Builder activity.
Remind students that won’t is the contraction of
the negative form will not. The negative forms of
may and might are may not and might not. We do
not use a contraction for may not and although it is
grammatically possible, we rarely use the contraction
mightn’t for might not.
I’d Rather / I’d Prefer

a Ask students to read out the questions and answers in
the presentation.
a Point out the difference in form: I’d rather + bare
infinitive; I’d prefer + full infinitive.
A
a Tell students to complete the questions alone and
then compare their answers with their partner.
Answers
1. heat, boils
2. climb, need
3. stop, will be
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16:05
5 5 DoDo You
You Really
Really Need
Need It?It?
Words Connected with Shopping Habits a Call on students to write their answer on the board
and encourage peer correction to correct any errors
a Tell students to read through the vocabulary items
with form.
in the box and circle any words with which they are
unfamiliar. Answers
a Ask volunteers to read out the words they have circled
and write them on the board. Have another student in
the class volunteer the meaning by putting the word E
in a sentence of his/her own. a Read out the directions and the example. Ask
a Direct students to the statements below the students to work in pairs and follow the model using
vocabulary chart. Ask students to write more examples if-sentences.
of their own in their notebooks.
a Call on students to share their examples with the class. Answers
Teaching Tip Workbook

Explain why you’re asking students to do certain activities.
This is especially important with older and more advanced Assign pages 55-56 for more practice with the form,
students. For example, explain that discussing the meaning of meaning and function of the structures in the unit.
vocabulary words in relation to a context helps them get a better
understanding of the words. It also makes it more likely that they
will remember the word. Teaching Tip
Modify activities to meet the needs of your students. For
example, in some classes, students may need to concentrate
Conditional Sentences with When and more on accuracy and grammar practice than on fluency skills
Unless that they develop through discussions. It’s important to gauge
the needs of a class, and how those needs may change over time.
a Review the use of the zero conditional to talk about
facts and general truths. For example,
Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade.
If you heat water to 100 degrees centigrade, it will boil.
When you heat water to 100 degrees centigrade, it will
boil.
a Write the following on the board and ask students to
complete it:
Unless you heat water to 100 degrees centigrade, it
_________. (won’t boil)
a Read out the information in the presentation and ask
students to make their own example sentences with:
Unless ... won’t/ will ….
D
a Direct students’ attention to the three advertisements
and ask for the product that each is promoting.
(toothpaste, pet food, a cellphone)
a Ask a student to read out the example and match it
with an advertisement on the right (toothpaste)
a Tell students to work in pairs and create a similar
paragraph for the other two ads.
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Words Connected with Shopping Habits
Some words connected with different ways of shopping are:
Shopping Mall Small Stores Online Shopping

wide range of products friendly service convenient
discounts neighborhood door-to-door delivery
food courts helpful staff fast
entertainment appealing atmosphere wide range of products
luxury convenient location pay by card
Small, neighborhood stores offer a friendly, personal service.
Luxurious shopping malls provide entertainment, food and good discounts on products.
Online shopping is becoming more and more popular as it’s convenient, fast and you can
pay by credit card.
Conditional Sentences with When and Unless

Use when in place of if to talk about general truths. Use the present tense in both clauses.
When you press the button, the washing machine turns off.
When water reaches 100 °C, it boils.
You can use the word unless in place of if in negative sentences.
Unless I study hard, I won’t get top marks.
Unless you exercise, you probably won’t lose weight.
Unless you study harder, you will fail the test.
D. Read the advertisements. Work with a partner and persuade him or

her to buy the product. Use sentences with when, if and unless
When you brush your teeth with Sparkle toothpaste, your teeth will
be cleaner and brighter. If you buy this toothpaste, your teeth will
look great. If you don’t buy this toothpaste, you might need to visit
the dentist. Unless you buy this toothpaste, your teeth will look
terrible.
E. Work with a partner. Talk about your preferences and give some
reasons. Use conditional sentences in the present or future.
I’d prefer to go the mall. If we go to the mall, we can also have lunch
in the restaurant.
1. local store/ the mall
2. e-learning/ classroom
3. get a job/ go to college
4. buy a motorbike/ buy a car
5. visit Dubai/ Muscat
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12 Project
1. Work in pairs/groups. Think about the advertisements that you see, watch,
or hear every day. They can be billboards, advertisements in magazines or
newspapers, TV commercials, radio advertisements, leaflets, stickers, etc.
2. Choose one that you think is beneficial and helpful to people.
3. Discuss and identify the product or service that is being advertised, the
target group, the text/script or slogan that is being used, the image, and
the message that the advertisement is trying to get across. Make notes in the chart.
4. Create a new advertisement for the product. Use a different medium. If for example, you have chosen
a magazine advertisement, you might want to develop a TV advertisement for the same product or
service. Use your notes to help you.
5. If you decide to create a TV advertisement, remember to make a storyboard. If, on the other hand,
you have decided to create a radio advertisement with people talking to each other, remember to
write a script. Finally, if you decide to design a magazine or billboard advertisement, make sure you
prepare a sample with photos, colors, special fonts, etc.
6. Role-play. Take on the roles of advertising teams and clients (company executives of the product or
service). Each advertising team has to present their new advertisement to the clients in a convincing
manner so they can persuade them to agree to it.
Product/service: Existing advertisement New advertisement

__________________
Billboard Radio Billboard Radio
The medium Magazine TV Magazine TV
Newspaper Other: _______ Newspaper Other: _______
The target group
The text/script or slogan
The image/design
The message
Special features/details
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12
to express their opinion and make suggestions.
Project Circulate and monitor participation. Encourage
quieter students to participate. Help when necessary.
a Organize students in groups and have them
a If there isn’t internet access, tell students that they will
brainstorm on popular advertisements
have to do some of the work for the advertisement in
a Read directions for task 1 with the class. Have students class and some after class.
work in groups discussing different advertisements In-class tasks: assign research and design tasks, assign
that they see or hear every day. Circulate and responsibilities, share the work among members of
encourage groups to think of different types of the group
advertisements. Discuss and draft essay, plan posters, collect and
a Call on a student to read the directions for 2. organize available information.
Give groups a couple of minutes to choose an Out-of-class tasks: Research the Internet for
advertisement that they think is beneficial and helpful information on successful slogans.
to people. a Explain to students that after they have collected all
a Call on a student from each group to present the the information and designed their advertisement,
group’s decision and discuss in class. they will spend some time in class coordinating
a Have students read the directions for task 3 silently. before they present it in the next or the following
Ask them to use the picture on the page as an lesson.
example and identify the product, the target group, a Read directions for task 6 with the class. Divide the
the slogan, the image and the message that the class into advertising teams and clients and have the
advertisement is trying to get across. advertising teams present the new advertisements to
a Ask students to study the chart and use it to make the clients in a convincing manner.
notes about the advertisement that they have chosen. a Include the successful advertisements in a class
a Read directions for task 4. Discuss where students can portfolio.
find information.
Remind them to use the Internet, look up magazines
and talk to people to find out what they notice most
and what they remember from advertisements that
they have seen or read.
a Read the directions for task 5 with the class and
elicit information about storyboards, scripts, visuals,
billboards, magazine advertisements and slogans.
Give groups time to discuss, make decisions and
design the new advertisement.. Remind them to
assign tasks to different group members and to make
sure there is at least one person making notes.
a Have students work in groups and discuss the
information they have. Remind them to make notes
in the organizer. Encourage them to be as creative as
possible.
a Call on a student from each group to present some
of their ideas for the class. Ask students to listen
carefully and discuss or comment on the ideas that
are presented.
a Have groups plan and design their advertisement.
Encourage them to add their own ideas. Remind
groups to assign tasks and responsibilities to group
members depending on their skills and abilities. Tell
each group to appoint a chairperson that can control
the discussion and make sure everyone has a chance
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5 5 DoDo You
You Really
Really Need
Need It?It?
13
words as they can on the board. Encourage the rest of
Self Reflection the class to make suggestions.
a Have a class discussion about advertisements and
a Write ‘Do You Really Need It? on the board and elicit
how they affect our lives.
as many ideas and words as possible from the class.
List the words on the board. Ask students to say what
they associate the unit title with. Elicit answers from before about likes, dislikes and things they found easy
volunteers. or difficult.
a Have students scan pages 68 and 69. Ask them to a Before directing students to 10 Writing ask them to
think about things they liked and things they disliked say what they remember about handwriting. Give
about this part of the unit. Use questions to help them some time to work in pairs and then call on
them remember. For example: volunteers to answer.
Read the slogans and quotes and say which products a Have students scan pages 76 and 77 and make notes
are being advertised. as before.
It’s the clear choice. a Direct students to the 12 Project page and hold a
“I wouldn’t wear anything else on the court.” discussion about what they found more or less useful
Put an end to dull, lifeless hair … and more or less interesting. Hold a class discussion
Set yourself apart from the crowd with a _____ as about project work and research. Elicit ideas from the
modern and as sophisticated as you are. students and have them present their experiences for
a Give students time to make notes about likes and the class.
dislikes and easy or difficult items in the section. Did they have difficulty making decisions in their
a Before directing students to pages 70, 71, ask them group? Why? Why not?
some questions. For example: Did they feel that they had the chance to present
Complete these sentences: their ideas?
Was it difficult or easy to access different sources
They decided to go back home since _____________
and collect information? Why? Why not?
___________________________________________
Where did they find information? Where did they
There was a lot of traffic because of ______________
find photos?
___________________________________________
Did they enjoy preparing their advertisement?
Many companies give customers free samples in order
Would they change anything if they had the
___________________________________________
chance to do it again? What?
People remember him wherever ________________
Was there room for originality and creativity?
___________________________________________
Why? Why not?
Have volunteers answer. Elicit more examples from
pairs of students after you give them a couple of
minutes to think. section individually.
a Discuss the grammar of the unit with the class. Call on a Have students fill out the checklist alone and write
volunteers to say if they found it easy or difficult and their five favorite words.
give reasons. a Discuss areas that students feel they need more work
a Have students make notes in the Self Reflection chart. on and make suggestions.
items.
a Direct students to pages 72, 73. Call on volunteers
to say what the conversation is about and which are
their favorite expressions.
a Write ADS EVERYWHERE: Do you “Buy” It? on the board
and brainstorm on language and information that
students remember. Call on volunteers to list as many
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13 Self Reflection

evaluate and discuss the influence of advertising
create an advertisement for a product
advise someone against something
use adverb clauses

use conditional sentences with present and future forms
use may and might to speculate about the the future
talk about preferences using: I'd rather and I'd prefer
talk about shopping habits
use conditional sentences with when and unless


from the unit again
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6 The Gender Divide
1. In what ways do you think men and women behave differently?
2. In what ways do you think their behavior is similar?
3. Do you think there are more similarities or differences?
Do you think you know a lot about men and women?

Answer True or False for these statements.
Then check your answers with the results of gender studies.
1. Women talk more than men. True False
2. Women tend to worry more than men. True False
3. Men are more truthful than women. True False
4. Men are more easily bored than women. True False
5. Women have a greater tolerance for pain. True False
6. Women live longer than men. True False
Sandy: I think women talk much more than men.

Amal: That’s just a stereotype. Though I do think women talk more
than men about certain things.
Sandy: Like what?
Amal: Women like to talk about their feelings, but men usually don’t.
Sandy: Men’d rather talk about sports. Or cars.
Amal: Typical!
1. The common stereotype that women talk more than men is wrong. In fact, recent research shows
that there is very little gender difference in how much people speak. Some research suggests that
men tend to speak more than women in formal settings, and that women speak more in informal
situations. One study revealed that women speak an average of about 16,000 words a day, and men
do too.
2. Studies show that women worry more frequently than men. This may be due to the fact that women’s
brains produce less of a brain chemical called COMT, which controls anxiety. Having less of this
chemical can make it harder for a person to stop worrying.
3. Women lie frequently, and men do too. However, research shows that women and men tend to lie
about different things. Women are more likely to lie in order to try to not hurt a person’s feelings. They
are also more likely to lie to try to avoid a conflict. However, you are more likely to be told a lie by a
man for a different reason. Men more often lie in order to make themselves seem more impressive.
4. Studies show that men have more restless temperaments than women. For example, women seem
to have a capacity to adjust to repetitive tasks, but men don’t. They dislike being asked to do such
tasks and are less likely to successfully complete them. It is speculated that women do better in these
situations because they have a greater ability to keep their thoughts and imagination active, even
during tedious activities.
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6 The Gender Divide

Unit Goals With books still closed, tell students that they will listen
to the recording and take a quiz. Tell them to listen to
Vocabulary Listening each statement and answer true or false. Explain that
Gender words Listen for specific details their answers should reflect their opinions.
Scientific research
and studies Pronunciation | lay the audio of just the quiz section of the
P
Rising and falling recording. Have students listen and answer true
Comparative words or false.
intonation on tag
Functions questions | Play the audio of the quiz section again for students
Talk about gender to confirm their answers.
differences and Reading a Have students open their books and look at pages 82
Do Men and Women
similarities and 69. Tell them to reread the quiz section to confirm
Speak the Same
Discuss stereotypes their understanding of the questions.
Language?
Ask for and a Tell students they can check their answers on page 83.
give directions Writing | Play the remainder of the audio. Have students listen
Write an essay about and read along with the explanation of each true/
Grammar communication false statement.
Verbs + Infinitives or
Gerunds with a Briefly discuss students’ reactions to the results of
Different Meanings
Form, Meaning and the gender studies. Ask: Are you surprised by any of
Function
Passive Forms of Present Progressive versus these findings? Which findings surprised you? Which
Infinitives and Gerunds Present Perfect Simple findings were you already sure of?
Auxiliary Verbs after Words Connected with a Refer back to the Warm Up discussion. Ask: Did
But and And Hobbies and Interests you discuss any of these gender differences and
similarities in your earlier discussion? Do you feel
differently about gender stereotypes now?
a For additional vocabulary practice and to enhance
Warm Up comprehension, give students time to reread the text
on pages 82 and 83. Ask them to underline any words
a With books closed, write the title of the unit on the
that they do not understand.
board: The Gender Divide. Define the word gender if
a Have students work with a partner to compare their
necessary (male or female). Ask: What do you think
this unit will be about? (differences between men underlined words. Have them study the context
and women) of each word carefully and try to help each other
understand the meaning. Ask them not to use
a dictionary.
introductory questions. Write the questions on
a Working as a class, ask students to come to the board
the board for students to refer to. Tell them to focus
on the emotional or mental differences between and write any words that they are still not sure about.
men and women rather than the physical. Try to elicit the meaning of each word from other
students before giving the definition yourself or
a Have a brief class discussion about the questions,
allowing students to look it up in a dictionary.
allowing groups to share and respond to each
other’s opinions.
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6 The Gender Divide
Quick Check
A
2 Pair Work
Have students look at the words in the box and then
a
Call on a volunteer to read aloud the directions.
a
find them in the quiz. a Have students work in pairs to think of another gender
Have students work individually to complete the

a
stereotype. Have pairs write whether they think the
sentences, and then compare answers with a partner. stereotype is true or false and give an explanation to
support their opinion.
Check answers by calling on students to read aloud
a
a Ask students to research their stereotype outside
the completed sentences.
of class to confirm their answers. Tell students to try
Answers to find real scientific studies done on the stereotype,
either in the library or on the Internet. If they are
1. stereotype not able to find any, tell partners to conduct their
2. restless own research.
3. repetitive a Have pairs present their findings to the class.
4. anxiety
5. intensity
6. capacity Workbook
7. temperament
Assign page 57 for practice with the vocabulary of
8. tedious
the unit.
9. gender
B
Teaching Tip
Gender issues can be a touchy subject for some students,
the questions, referring back to the quiz as necessary.
provoking emotional responses. Be sure to keep the discussion
a Check answers by calling on pairs to read aloud each objective and not personal in order to avoid upsetting any
question and answer it. students. Remind students to respect each other’s opinions.
Answers Additional Activity

Answers will vary. Sample answers: Write the following English saying on the board:
1. Women tend to speak more in informal settings. Boys will be boys.
2.
Women’s brains produce less of a chemical that controls anxiety
(This saying is often used to humorously excuse the behavior of
than men’s brains do.
both boys and adult men.)
3.
Women tend to lie to avoid hurting another’s feelings. Men Discuss the meaning of it. Elicit sayings about men and women
tend to lie to make themselves look more impressive. from the students’ native language. Have students translate them
into English and write them on the board.
4.
It is possible that women are better at keeping their thoughts
and imaginations active.
5.
Women have a longer life expectancy than men. In the U.S., the
life expectancy for women is 79, but for men it is 72.
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5. Many people assume that since women have babies, and men don’t, women probably have a
greater ability to deal with pain. However, the research seems to indicate that, due to their body
chemistry, women actually have lower tolerance for pain. During recovery after surgery, women
tend to experience pain with greater frequency and intensity than men do.
6. Women outlive men all around the world, sometimes by an average of as much as 10 years. For
example, in the U.S., the average life expectancy is about 79 for women, but only 72 for men. The
gap is largest among people who live to be 100 or older. Worldwide among people 100 or older,
women outnumber men 9 to 1.
Answers:
1. False; 2. True; 3. False; 4. True; 5. False; 6. True
Quick Check e
Q
anxiety gender repetitive stereotype temperament
capacity intensity restless tedious
1. The __________ that blond-haired people are not smart is ridiculous.
2. We were bored and __________, so we decided to find something to do.
3. That film is very __________. It shows the same place over and over.
4. I always feel overwhelming __________ the night before a test.
5. The __________ of the thunderstorm made the animals nervous.
6. Some people believe that animals have the __________ to feel the same
emotions that humans do.
7. Luisa has a lovely __________. She’s always happy and smiling.
8. Finding sources for an essay can be a time-consuming and __________ task.
9. The __________ of an animal often has a specific name; for example, a male horse
is a stallion and a female horse is a mare.
1. In what types of settings do women tend to speak more?
2. What causes women to worry more than men?
3. What things do women tend to lie about? What things do men tend to lie about?
4. What might explain women’s ability to deal with repetitive tasks better than men?
5. Which gender has the longer life expectancy? Give an example.
2 Pair Work
Work with a partner to think of another common stereotype about people. Decide whether you
think the stereotype is true or false. After class, do research to confirm whether your decision
was correct.
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6 The Gender Divide
3 Grammar
Verbs + Infinitives or Gerunds with Different Meanings
Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, but the verb + gerund and the verb +
infinitive have different meanings. These verbs are remember, forget, regret, stop, and try.
He always remembers to send his grandparents a gift on special holidays. (remember + infinitive =
remember to do a task)
He remembers sending gifts last year. (remember + gerund = remember having done something
in the past)
She sometimes forgets to call. (forget + infinitive = not remember to do a task)
She sometimes forgets calling. (forget + gerund = not remember having done something in the past)
I regret to tell you that I have a secret. (regret + infinitive = wish it were not necessary to do something)
I regret telling you my secret. (regret + gerund = wish it were possible to undo something done in the past)
We stopped to watch the sunset. (stop + infinitive = stop doing something in order to do something else)
We stopped watching the sunset. (stop + gerund = stop doing something)
I tried to reach them, but they didn’t answer the phone. (try + infinitive = make an attempt to do something)
I tried reaching them by email. (try + gerund = try a specific method to reach a goal)
Passive Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds

The passive form of an infinitive is: to + be + past participle.
Everybody wants to be respected by somebody.
The passive form of a gerund is being + past participle.
Being asked to settle an argument can be awkward.
Auxiliary Verbs after But and And

When an addition is made to a statement with but or and, often the main verb is not repeated. Instead, it is
replaced with an auxiliary verb.
but + subject + auxiliary
My sister isn’t good at remembering special occasions, but my mother is.
John doesn’t get frustrated easily, but Sam does.
and + subject + auxiliary + too (for positive sentences) or either (for negative sentences)
He enjoys outdoor activities, and his son does too.
We don’t like going for walks in this heat, and he doesn’t either.
A. Circle the correct form in each sentence.

1. Did you remember (to shut / shutting) the window before it started raining?
2. He stopped (to play / playing) football after he hurt his knee.
3. If you haven’t been able to get an answer from the boss on the phone, maybe you should try
(to send / sending) him an email.
4. He’ll never forget (to score / scoring) that goal in the last minutes of the game.
5. Don’t forget (to email / emailing) me the photos.
6. We regret (to inform / informing) you that your application has been declined.
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3 Grammar Auxiliary Verbs after But and And

a Read the explanation and examples with the class.
Verbs + Infinitives or Gerunds with Elicit or remind students about auxiliary words. The
a
most common are do, have, and be.
Different Meanings
Point out that only statements with and are followed
a
Read the explanation and examples with the class.
a by too or either. Statements with but do not use too
For each set of examples, ask students to explain in or either.
their own words how the meaning changes in the a Direct students to exercises D and E for practice.
sentence, by changing the gerund to the infinitive.
For example: A
He always remembers to send flowers on their Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions. As an
a
anniversary. (He sends flowers every year on example, write the following sentence on the board:
their anniversary.) They stopped (to get / getting) directions at the gas
He remembers sending flowers last year. (He sent station before they got on the highway.
flowers last year.) a Then write on the board and have a student read
She sometimes forgets to call. (She sometimes aloud the sentence, using both the gerund and
doesn’t call.) infinitive forms:
She sometimes forgets calling. (She sometimes 1) T
hey stopped to get directions at the gas station
doesn’t remember that she called.) before they got on the highway.
I regret to tell you that I have a secret. (I’m sorry that 2) T
hey stopped getting directions at the gas station
I have to tell you that I have a secret.) before they got on the highway.
I regret telling you my secret. (I’m sorry I told you Ask: Which sentence is grammatically correct?
my secret.) (They are both correct.) Elicit the difference in
We stopped to watch the sunset. (We stopped what meaning in the sentences. (In the first sentence, they
we were doing to watch the sunset.) did get directions before getting on the highway. In
the second sentence, they no longer continued their
We stopped watching the sunset. (We finished
past practice of getting directions before getting
watching the sunset.)
on the highway.) Ask: Which sentence makes more
I tried to reach her, but she’s not home. (I attempted sense? (the first sentence, using the infinitive)
to get in touch with her.)
a Have students work individually to choose the correct
I tried reaching her by email. (I attempted to get in form in each sentence. Then have them compare
touch with her by email.) answers with a partner.
a Direct students to exercises A and B for practice.
a To check answers call on students to read aloud
their sentences.
Passive Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds
Answers
a Call on students to read aloud the explanations and
examples. 1. to shut 4. scoring
Ask: When would you choose to use passive forms
a 2. playing 5. to email
of infinitives and gerunds like in these examples? 3. sending 6. to inform
(to emphasize that the subject of the sentence is
being acted upon) Explain that these forms are also
useful when making general statements. Language Builder
The following verbs can be followed by either a gerund
or infinitive and retain the same meaning:
begin continue love
can’t bear hate prefer
can’t stand like start
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6 6 The
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B E
a Have a student read aloud the directions and example. Have a student read aloud the directions and example
a
Elicit additional answers to the example question.
a sentence. Call on other students to read aloud the
For example: I have stopped drinking so much coffee. information about Faris and Abdullah.
a Have students ask and answer the questions in pairs. Arrange students in pairs to write additional
a
a To check answers as a class, call on multiple students sentences. Have them write at least five.
to answer each question. Call on a pair to read their sentences aloud. Ask
a
additional pairs to read aloud only sentences that have
Answers not yet been given.
Answers
1.
I remember going to the park every Sunday.
2. I forgot to go to my doctor’s appointment.
1. Faris likes Indian food, and Abdullah does too.
3. I tried to bake a cake, but it didn’t turn out very good.
2. Faris doesn’t like coffee, and Abdullah doesn’t either.
4. I will never forget visiting China.
3. Faris likes comedy shows, but Abdullah doesn’t.
5. I try to remember to take a vitamin every day.
4. Abdullah likes video games, but Faris doesn’t.
6. I regret not buying some shoes I really liked.
5. Abdullah doesn’t like the beach, but Faris does.
C
Ask a volunteer to read aloud the directions
a
and example. Workbook
Have students work individually to rewrite the
a Assign pages 58–60 for practice with the grammar of
sentences, and then compare with a partner. the unit.
To check answers, call on students to write their
a
sentences on the board.
Answers Teaching Tip

From time to time, during the last two minutes of class, ask
Answers will vary. Sample answers: students to write down what they learned and what they are
1. The trash needs to be taken out. still unsure of. Collect and use these notes as a warm up for the
2. He expects to be promoted soon. next class.
3. I remember being read to as a child.
4. He waited to be invited to sit down.
Additional Activity
Bring in photos of famous people. Arrange students in groups.
5. The car needs to be repaired.
Give each group two pictures and have them write as many
6. Many celebrities enjoy having their picture taken. sentences as they can in two minutes, using auxiliaries after
but and and. Then groups exchange photos and do it again. See
D which group wrote the most correct sentences.
Read aloud the directions and example sentence.
a
Have a student reread the example, inserting the
names of classmates.
Do this activity orally as a class. Call on volunteers to
a
read aloud the sentences, inserting classmates’ names.
Answers
1. John lives close to school, but Kurt doesn’t.
2. Louis was in school yesterday, but George wasn’t.
3. John is wearing blue today, but Mike isn’t.
4. Natalie never comes to class late, and Melanie doesn’t either.
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B. Answer the questions about yourself.
What is something you once did that you have stopped doing?
I have stopped biting my nails when I’m nervous.
1. What is something you remember doing often when you were a child?
2. What is something you forgot to do recently?
3. What is something you tried to do, but were not able to do?
4. What is something you will never forget doing?
5. What is something you try to remember to do each day?
6. What is something you regret doing?
C. Rewrite each sentence as a passive sentence.
The job candidate didn’t expect the human resource manager to criticize him so harshly.
The job candidate didn’t expect to be criticized so harshly.
1. You need to take out the trash.
2. He expects the manager to promote him soon.
3. I remember my father reading to me when I was a child.
4. He waited for his boss to invite him to sit down.
5. The mechanic needs to repair the car.
6. Many celebrities enjoy having photographers take their picture.
D. Complete each sentence with names of classmates and the appropriate auxiliary verb. When
appropriate, use too or either after the auxiliary verb.
Don often volunteers in class, and Alex does too.

1. __________ lives close to school, but ________________________________.
2. __________ was in school yesterday, and _____________________________.
3. __________ is wearing blue today, but _______________________________.
4. __________ never comes to class late, and ____________________________.
E. Read about Abdullah and Faris. Then describe the similarities and
differences between Abdullah and Faris, using auxiliary verbs
after but or and.
Faris plays football, and Abdullah does too.
FARIS
Likes: comedy shows, Indian food, football, relaxing on the beach
Dislikes: coffee, video games, waking up early, hiking
ABDULLAH
Likes: game shows, Indian food, football, waking up early, hiking, video games
Dislikes: coffee, the beach, comedy shows
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4 Conversation
Fahd: I don’t know why the GPS can’t find Lakeside Drive.
I think we’d better stop and ask directions.
Faisal: Don’t worry. I’m sure I can find it. Let’s try going
this way.
Fahd: I think we’re lost. Look. There’s a gas station. Let’s
pull over and ask someone.
Faisal: Oh, all right.
Attendant: You look lost.
Fahd: You can say that again. We’re looking for Lakeside Drive.
Attendant: I know this town like the back of my hand, and I can tell you that there’s no street by that
name. Do you mean Riverside Drive?
Faisal: Oh, yeah! That must be it. I just got the street name wrong.
Fahd: Can you tell us how to get there?
Attendant: It’s not far. It’s just over on the other side of town. You need to turn left out of here. Then
go straight for a couple of miles. Keep going until you see an ice-cream shop. If you pass
Town Hall, you’ve gone too far. Take the first left after the ice-cream shop and you’ll be on
Riverside Drive.
Faisal & Fahd: Thanks!
Fahd: I guess it’s a good thing I suggested we stop for directions. We would have been driving
in circles for ages.
Faisal: Don’t make a big deal about it. I’m sure I would have figured it out eventually.
Real Talk About the Conversation

You can say that again. = I agree with you completely. 1. How do Faisal and Fahd react
know (something) like the back of my hand = know something very well
differently to being lost?
over = used to emphasize location 2. Why couldn’t they find the street
for ages = for a very long time they were looking for?
make a big deal about = make something small seem very important 3. How does each of them feel about
having stopped to get directions?
Your Turn
Role-play with a partner. Ask your partner how to get to his or her
home (or some other destination) from school. Your partner will give
you directions. Use phrases from the box.
Asking for Directions Giving Directions

Am I headed in the right direction? Go straight on…until you get to a…
Can you tell me how to get to…? If you see a…you’ve gone too far.
I’m looking for… Keep going until you come to a (crosswalk/set of traffic lights).
Take a left/right after the (first, second, etc.) set of traffic lights.
When you get to…you’ll see a…
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4 Conversation a Say: When Faisal says Don’t make a big deal about
it, how does he feel? (He is annoyed and doesn’t want
a Draw students’ attention to the picture. Ask: What do
to talk about it anymore.) As an additional example,
say: I don’t like it when people make a big deal
you see? (a driver using a GPS for finding directions)
about my birthday. Ask: What don’t you like others
How many of you use a GPS device for finding
to make a big deal about? Elicit various responses.
directions? (See the Culture Note.)
| Ask students to close their books. Play the audio for
switching roles.
students to just listen.
a Ask several students to tell you just one thing that
they understood from the conversation. Make a few About the Conversation
notes on the board about their answers. a Discuss the questions with the class. Have students
| Play the audio again. Have students listen and read ask classmates the questions and elicit answers.
a If students ask, explain that Town Hall refers to the Answers
chief administrative or government building in a 1. Fahd wants to stop and ask for directions, but Faisal doesn’t.
town. This is where the office of the mayor or town 2. They were looking for the wrong street name.
council is found. 3. Fahd is glad that they stopped, but Faisal isn’t.
Real Talk Your Turn

a Model the Real Talk expressions in the conversation.
a Ask a student to read the directions aloud.
Read aloud the whole sentence with appropriate
a Focus students’ attention on the phrases in the box.
intonation for students to repeat.
Provide a model of the phrases as necessary. For
a Discuss the meaning of the words and phrases in the
example, tell students how to get to a nearby location
context of the conversation. For example, ask: When using the phrases for Giving Directions.
Fahd says You can say that again, how does he feel?
a Have students work in pairs to role-play their
(He is a bit annoyed.) Explain that people often say
conversations. Tell them that if they are uncomfortable
this when someone has just pointed out something
giving directions to their home, to choose another
very obvious. Say a few obvious statements to elicit
place in town. They may choose to be walking or
the phrase from students. For example: (Ahmed) I
driving to the location.
know you study hard. You look very tired. Elicit from
Ahmed: You can say that again. a Ask one or two pairs to act out their conversations for
a Ask: What do you know like the back of your hand?

the class. You might also have each pair act out their
conversation for another pair.
Elicit answers from several students. Point out that this
phrase often refers to places or locations. For example:
I know this town/street/neighborhood/hospital/ Culture Note
school like the back of my hand. GPS
a Explain that the word over when used to give
GPS stands for Global Positioning System. This is a space-
directions is not a necessary part of the sentence. based global navigation satellite system. The system
It only serves to emphasize the direction. provides positioning, navigation, and timing services to
a Say: Fahd says We would have been driving in users all over the world. GPS navigation devices are any
circles for ages. How long do you think they that receive GPS signals. They can be installed in phones,
actually would have driven in circles? Elicit that it cars, or handheld devices to help people figure out
likely wouldn’t be more than an hour or so. Fahd is where they are and where they want to go.
exaggerating. This phrase can refer to any length of
time but is often used to exaggerate the period. As
an additional example, say: I haven’t been to the mall
for ages. It has been at least three weeks. Ask: What
is something you haven’t done for ages? Elicit
various responses.
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5 Listening Kevin: Well, the strategies experienced drivers use does give them
an advantage when having to regain control of the car or dealing
with spillage that makes the road slippery or driving on ice.
a Have a student read aloud the directions. Ken: I remember hearing that experienced drivers usually have
Ask students to read the statements and make
a lower car insurance premiums than new drivers. That’s true, isn’t it?
predictions about the answers. Kevin: Yes, it is, provided that the experienced driver has a clean
record, with no major accidents.
| Play the audio twice. The first time students just
Ken: That’s a bit unfair for new drivers, isn’t it? I mean it makes it
listen. The second time they mark the sentences true
considerably more expensive for a younger person who doesn’t
or false.
really earn much if they have a job.
| Play the audio again for students to check their Kevin: Not really. While young drivers have quicker reflexes, they
answers. Pause as necessary to discuss answers. For also tend to take greater risks and get into more accidents. Older
false sentences, ask students to give the correct drivers are more cautious, and so get into fewer accidents. So new
information. drivers have their strengths, and experienced drivers do too. Each
group deserves to be given credit for what they do well.
Answers Ken: So each group is the better driver in their own way, aren’t
they?
1. false (Ken Larder is the host of the show.)
Kevin: Exactly!
2. false (The book is new.)
6 Pronunciation
3. true
4. true
5. false (Younger drivers normally have faster reflexes.)
6. true | Play the audio for the explanation and the sentences.
7. true
Students listen and read along.
| Play the audio for the sentences again. Students listen
| Audioscript and repeat, and then check whether the sentence has
Ken: Good morning and welcome to A.M. Chat. I’m your host, rising or falling intonation.
Ken Larder, and today we’re talking with Kevin Shields, the
author of Young and Mature Drivers: Driving Each Other Crazy,
a fascinating new book about the sometimes incompatible
differences between young and older drivers. Kevin, good
morning, and welcome to the show. A
Kevin: Thanks, Ken. Glad to be here. Have students work individually to match the words
a
Ken: Kevin, I want to begin by asking you about one of the with the definitions.
major issues the book focuses on: The difference between
younger and older drivers’ approach to danger while driving. Answers
Can you tell us a little bit about this?
1. d 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. g 6. h 7. f 8. b
Kevin: Yes, I’d be happy to. It’s long been suspected that men
of different generations have different ways of reacting to
obstacles and potential dangers. Research has indicated that
B
these differences are probably real. They reveal that experienced Have students compare answers with a partner.
a
drivers tend to have a better sense of the parameters involved in
each situation and react intuitively. Workbook
Ken: So, this means that experienced drivers have better
reflexes, doesn’t it? Assign page 61 for additional reading practice.
Kevin: Certainly not. Experienced drivers simply have
encountered similar obstacles or dangers before and have
developed a number of strategies. Intuition, as we all know, Teaching Tip
often has to do with accumulated knowledge and a range of Having students say one thing they understood from a listening
experiences. Younger drivers normally have faster reflexes, but is a non-threatening activity for them and a good assessment of
they need to process all the information on the spot and make a comprehension for you.
decision that they have probably not had to make before. So, it is
a more conscious process in their case that sometimes increases Additional Activity
stress or fear, depending on the individual. Make copies of the listening script for students. Have them
Ken: So then it seems neither group has a total advantage in practice role-playing the interview in pairs. Remind them to use
such cases, do they? proper intonation on the tag questions.
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5 Listening
Listen to the morning news show discussion about the different
strategies used by new and experienced drivers. Then answer true or
false. If the sentence is false, rewrite it with the correct information.
1. ______ Kevin Shields is the host of the show.

2. ______ The book they are discussing was written a long time ago.
3. ______ New and experienced drivers use different driving strategies.
4. ______ Experienced drivers seem to be better able to deal with
difficult situations.
5. ______ Older drivers’ reflexes are as fast as younger drivers’.
6. ______ New drivers tend to get more stressed and frightened when dealing with a dangerous situation.
7. ______ Experienced drivers normally have lower insurance premiums than new drivers.
6 Pronunciation
Tag questions are short questions added to the ends of sentences. If the tag question uses rising intonation,
the speaker isn’t sure of the statement and is looking for information. If the tag question
uses falling intonation, the speaker is sure of the statement and is expecting confirmation.
Listen and repeat. Then check whether the sentence has rising or falling intonation.
Rising Falling
Intonation Intonation
1. So this means that experienced drivers have better reflexes, doesn’t it?
2. So then it seems neither group has a total advantage in such cases, do they?
3. That’s true, isn’t it?
4. That’s a bit unfair for new drivers, isn’t it?
5. So each group is the better driver in their own way, aren’t they?
A. You will see these words in the reading on pages 88 and 89. Match the words with their meanings.
1. ______ content a. of or relating to women or girls
2. ______ convey b. observe an incident
3. ______ feminine c. emotionally close
4. ______ intimate d. subject matter
5. ______ literal e. communicate by statement or suggestion
6. ______ masculine f. category or type of living thing
7. ______ species g. concerned with facts only
8. ______ witness h. of or relating to men or boys
B. Check your answers with a partner. If you do not understand the meaning of a word, look it up in
a dictionary.
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8 Reading
Before Reading
In what ways do you think men and women communicate differently?
Do Men and Women Speak the Same Language?

The difference in the ways that men and women communicate has been the subject of countless books, magazine articles,
talk show discussions, and jokes. These differences can sometimes make men and women seem mysterious to each other,
and can occasionally make communication difficult and confusing. People often jokingly say that men and women are
from different planets or that they are different species. But just what are these communication differences and what is
their cause?
One basic reason men and women have such different ways of communicating is that they see the purpose of
communication differently. Research shows that women use communication as a way of growing closer to people and
establishing intimate relationships. Women tend to use language to share thoughts and feelings, and to be supportive.
Meanwhile, men tend to see the goal of communication as accomplishing a task. Men most often use language to
persuade, argue, convey facts, and demonstrate knowledge.
Although men do not tend to use communication to achieve closeness, they have their own way of
bonding. In one study, 75 percent of the men surveyed said that their most meaningful experiences with
friends came not through talking, but through shared activities. In a related study, researchers found
that fathers tend to show affection to sons by helping them with tasks and challenges. Javier Morales’s
experiences certainly support this idea. Says Morales, “My dad and I are really close, but I wouldn’t say we
talk very much. We spend a lot of time together doing things. We spent all of last Saturday repairing my
car, and this week we’re going hiking together. My dad and I have a deep bond. Just because we’re not
talking doesn’t mean we’re not sharing important time together.”
The content of what males and females talk about tends to be different as well. Researcher Deborah
Tannen has found that while feminine talk tends to focus on feelings, relationships, and people,
masculine talk tends to focus on sports, the economy, and facts.
Women talk to explore problems, but men do not. Instead, men talk to fix problems. This can sometimes
cause problems in communication. Janet West, a freshman in college, remembers encountering this
issue recently. “I told my brother Derek about a problem I was having with my studies. He immediately
came up with possible solutions to the problem. Being told how to fix the problem was kind of
frustrating because it wasn’t what I was looking for. I asked him to stop trying to fix the problem and try
talking with me about it instead. He seemed completely confused and said, ‘Why bother talking about a
problem unless you’re trying to find a solution to it?’”
Another way in which men and women differ is in the way they listen. Research has shown that men tend to place all of
their attention on one thing at a time, but women do not. Instead, women commonly divide their attention between a
number of things at once and make connections between these different things. Since this comes so easily to women, they
are sometimes frustrated when men struggle to do this. For example, a common complaint among women is that when a
man is watching television, he often doesn’t hear a question asked by the person sitting right beside him. Sakura Kumi has
witnessed this many times in her house. Sakura says, “My mother used to get so frustrated trying to get my father’s attention
while he was watching TV, and I did too. So she got into the habit of standing in front of the TV and saying, ‘Hiroshi, I’m about
to ask you a question.’ It’s become sort of a family joke.”
Research has shown that these communication differences can be partially explained by the different ways in which the
male and female brains are structured and wired. For example, the left side of the brain, where logic and literal thinking are
processed, tends to be stronger in men. Meanwhile, women tend to think with the right side, which is where comprehension
is processed. The female brain also has more connections between the right and left sides, so their thought process is likely
to be more complex.
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6 The Gender Divide
8 Reading a Explain that, while reading, students can pause and

reflect by themselves, following the three steps in
a With books closed discuss the Before Reading
their heads.
question with the class. If students need help | Play the audio of the complete reading. Have
responding, suggest specific situations. For example, students listen and follow along in their books.
say: When men get together what do they talk a For additional vocabulary practice, refer students
about? When women are together, what do to the Vocabulary Building exercise on page 87. Ask
they talk about? How do men and women react them to find and underline the vocabulary words in
differently to a disagreement? Emphasize that there the article.
are no right or wrong answers to these questions. You a Have students study the words in the context of the
are asking for students’ ideas and opinions. article. Ask questions to elicit use of the vocabulary
a Ask students to open their books to pages 88 and 89. words. For example, ask:
How is the content of men’s and women’s
READING STRATEGY Pause and reflect conversations different? (They talk about
a Tell students that when reading a long or scientific different things)
text, it is helpful to pause periodically and think about What do men use language to convey? (facts)
what they just read. When they pause, they should What does feminine talk usually focus on? (feelings,
follow three steps. Write the steps on the board: relationships, people)
1) Summarize the main ideas of what you just read. How would you describe an intimate relationship?
2) Comment on the information and add your (when two people are close and tell each other
own thoughts. private things)
3) Question anything that you don’t understand. Which gender is stronger in literal thinking? (male)
a Arrange students in groups of three. Tell them What does masculine talk usually focus on? (sports,
that they will read the article silently, pausing and the economy, facts)
reflecting after every two paragraphs. During the Name two different species. (cats and dogs) Are men
pause, group members will take turns summarizing, and women different species? (no)
commenting on, and questioning the paragraphs What has Sakura Kumi witnessed? (She has
they just read. Group members will respond by witnessed her father not hearing a question asked
adding ideas or answering questions to help each him because he is watching TV.)
other understand the article.
a Monitor to make sure that students understand
the procedure. You might ask students to draw a
line under the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth
paragraphs as a reminder for them to stop at these
points. Be sure that students are reading silently
within their groups. Tell students who finish reading
early to begin to prepare for the reflection. Each
student should have a turn to summarize, comment,
and question.
a Have students read the final paragraph silently.
a Elicit feedback from students on the activity. Ask:
Did you like this exercise? Do you feel that you
understood the text better because of it?
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After Reading
a Have students work with a partner and take turns
asking and answering the questions.
Teaching Tip
Studies have shown that when working in small groups, students
a Check answers by calling on pairs to read aloud a tend to learn more of the lesson material and remember it longer
question and answer it. than when the same content is presented in other ways. Students
who work in groups also tend to enjoy their classes more.
Answers
Additional Activity
Create a cloze activity from one or two of the quiz explanations on
1.
Women see communication as a way of establishing intimacy.
pages 82 and 83. Delete every seventh or eighth word from the text,
Men use communication to accomplish a task.
leaving a blank for students to fill in. Make photocopies of this text for
2. Men often bond through shared activities.
students to try to complete, without referring to the complete text in
3.
Men often talk about sports, the economy, and facts. Women their books.
often talk about feelings, relationships, and people.
4.
Women talk to explore problems, but men talk to solve problems. Project: Gender Stereotypes
5.
Male and female brains are wired differently, and men and Working in pairs, have students create a gender stereotypes quiz
women are raised to behave differently. like the one on pages 82 and 83. They may use those true/false
statements and add additional statements as desired. Tell pairs
9 Speaking to give the quiz to at least 5 people outside of class. Compile

the results to find out how many people believe in gender
stereotypes. Have pairs report their findings to the class.
a Arrange students in pairs to discuss the questions.
a Each student should use the questionnaire to ask each
other the questions.
a Have students copy the questionnaire in the notebook
and write the answers as well as their ideas.
Have students share and discuss their ideas in class..
Workbook
and sentence level.
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Research has also shown that the different ways that boys and girls are raised has a significant
impact on how they communicate. Girls are raised to recognize and be sensitive to the feelings of
others. On the other hand, boys are taught to be more direct and goal-oriented. Being raised in such
different ways is bound to create two different styles of communication.
While the differences in the way men and women communicate can sometimes cause confusion,
these differences are also what help maintain a balance in communication. It ensures that a variety
of topics and viewpoints are explored, feelings are expressed, and problems are discussed and
solved. This balance is what makes communication so rich and interesting.
After Reading
1. What do women see as the purpose of communication? What about men?
2. How are men most likely to bond with others?
3. How does the content of men and women’s talk tend to differ?
4. How do men and women approach problems differently?
5. What causes men and women to communicate differently?
9 Speaking
1. Work in pairs/groups. Use the questionnaire to ask each other about the way you communicate with
people. If you like, add your own questions.
2. Compare answers with your classmates. Discuss individual preferences and your reasons.
3. Find people in class that communicate in a way that is similar to the way you communicate.
Do you talk about your problems?
Do you share your feelings with others?
Do you spend time with family/friends without talking?
Do you talk while you are doing something, e.g. fixing something, playing a game, etc.?
Which of these topics do you enjoy talking about? (circle)
people you know people you don’t know sports TV video games books
clothes and accessories travel holidays food art cars buildings news
assignments activities shopping gadgets computers other: _________
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10 Writing
A. 1. How do we communicate? Do we mostly communicate
through verbal or non-verbal language?
2. Try communicating these to your partner without speaking.
• Can I have your pen, please?
• Are you going to call me after school?
• I went shopping yesterday.
3. Now write two of your own messages on a piece of paper,
fold it, and set it aside or give it to your teacher. Use non-
verbal language to communicate your message. Check.
How successful were you?
4. “A picture is worth a thousand words.” Explain.
5. Read the text and find:
• the main thesis statement
• the supporting paragraphs
• the arguments used
Verbal and non-verbal communication

When people talk about communication, it to him or her? Usually, we choose to do airport building. You want to get his/
the first thing that comes to mind is the latter, i.e. show it to somebody and her cell phone number. You probably
words or langauge. Language is our point out all the new, amazing features. resort to gesturing by holding your hand
primary means of communication as In other words, pictures and objects can next to your ear and pretending to talk;
human beings, which sets us apart “speak for themselves” more efficiently you point to the “phone,” point to your
from other species. However, as studies and effectively than we can through friend and use a hand gesture to signal
have shown, it is not the only means of verbal language. “What?” pointing back to the imaginary
communication. phone. Your friend signals each number
However, there are situations where a
by holding up the appropriate number of
Think about a photograph taken in the different type of interaction is required,
fingers.
center of a town. It provides information when, for example, you run into
about the buildings, stores and services, somebody you have not seen for some In other words, although language is
people and cars, plants, and all kinds of time. You probably want to talk about important and allows us to communicate
details if you choose to take the time everything that has happened, ask him/ facts, feelings, thoughts, experiences,
to look at it more carefully. Now try her questions, and talk about people you and practically everything and anything
that we are interested in, it is not the only
describing the picture and everything know, and so on. This is definitely a case
way we communicate with each other.
you have identified in it to your friend or that requires verbal language.
As studies have shown, about 60 percent
write about it. How long do you think it’s On a partly different note, you see a of human communication is carried out
going to take you? Certainly a lot longer friend you have not seen for some time through non-verbal means, e.g. facial
than it takes a photo to convey the same at a distance, e.g. different escalators at expression, gestures, or illustration. Maybe
amount of information. the airport leading to different lounges. we should keep this in mind when we are
Suppose that you have just acquired You have both checked through security “at a loss for words”: our eyes and overall
the latest electronic gadget. Would you and cannot go back; and you certainly expression can convey what we cannot
choose to tell your friend about it or show don’t want to start shouting across the express through words.
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6 The Gender Divide
10 Writing
• Arguments: describing as opposed to looking at a photograph
of the center of town (par.2)
• Showing or telling a friend about a new gadget (par. 3)
A • Situations where verbal language is required, for example when
a Direct students’ attention to the pictures at the top of running into someone you haven’t seen for a long time (par. 4)
the page. Elicit ideas from them about the people in • Having to communicate with someone at a distance/at the
the pictures. Use questions like these: airport to get his phone number (par. 5)
What is the origin of each person in the picture? • According t studies 60% of communication is carried out
Do they both come from the same country? through non-verbal means. (par. 6)
How do you think they communicate?
a Read question 1 with the class. Have students answer a Call on pairs to report their answers to the class.
in pairs. Elicit and discuss answers in class. a Hold a class discussion about verbal and non-verbal
a Go through directions for task 2. Have students try to language.
communicate the messages to each other without
speaking. Call on students to demonstrate for the
class. Additional Activity
a Call on a student to read the instructions for task 3. Do we all use the same gestures?
Give students time to write their messages on slips of Elicit a number of words or phrases that students can
paper, fold them and set them aside or give them to communicate through non-verbal language. Write them on
you. the board. Then ask the pairs to demonstrate using non verbal
a Call on students to use non-verbal language in order language.
to communicate their messages to the class. Check
the slip to find out how successful they are.
a Write “A picture is worth a thousand words.” On the
board and ask students to think about its meaning
and explain it.
Answer:
A picture shows and represents so much that would otherwise
require a lot of time, effort and words to explain and even then one
might not do as good a job.
a Hand out pictures to pairs of students to look at and

think about how to describe them. Call on students
to describe their picture as the rest of the class listen,
make notes and /or draw. Ask students to compare
their drawings and notes with the actual pictures and
decide how accurately they were described and/or
whether the information was conveyed successfully.
a Read directions for 5 with the class. Ask students to
read the text and answer individually. Then have them
compare with a partner.
a Discuss the answers in class. Ask students to refer to
the text.
Answers:
• Main thesis statement: the second half of the first paragraph;
Language is our …means of communication
• Supporting paragraphs: paragraphs 2 to 6.
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6 6 The
The Gender
Gender Divide
Divide
a Remind them how important it is to reflect and give

B
them time to think about what they know. Point out
a Tell students that they are going to write an essay
that the initial notes they make while they brainstorm
about the way different people communicate.
don’t have to be perfectly organized. They can be used
a Have students read the instructions for tasks 1, 2 and 3. as raw data to help them remember and organized
a Ask students to think of an Arab and a non-Arab later in categories as mentioned in the guidelines.
person individually and make notes in the chart. a Have students use their notes to draft an essay.
a Have them compare with a partner and add or modify Remind them to organize their information and views
their notes. in an alternative or block structure. Circulate and
a If possible show the video of a news broadcast by monitor; help when necessary.
an Arab and one with a non-Arab. Allow students to a Give students time to read their essays and make
discuss in pairs or small groups and check their notes. comments and corrections individually before they
Help them identify gestures and facial expressions. exchange with other students.
a Call on students to report their ideas. Have the rest of a Have students exchange drafts and comment/correct
the class add to the chart and make notes. Encourage each other’s texts. Then ask them to edit and rewrite.
them to ask each person to repeat or clarify points a Call on volunteers to read their assays in class. Have
as they listen, so they can complete their notes. This the rest of the students listen and make notes on
way, they will have more information about some interesting information and views as well as points
nationalities/cultures and add new cultures that they that they would like to raise and challenge after the
didn’t know about. essay has been read.
a Ask students if they know or have heard about a Have the class identify the structure of each essay.
student exchange programs or programs that team
up schools from different countries. Elicit or offer
information about such programs on a European Workbook
or Global basis. Tell students that in such cases
students are involved in projects that require online Assign page 64 for additional writing practice above word
communication between them. Explain that they are and sentence level.
given the opportunity to find out about each other
and their cultures on a personal basis, beyond national
stereotypes. Hold a brief class discussion.
a Direct students to the Writing Corner. Have them read
each point and discuss it in class. Stress that they need
to consider different aspects of the topic/issue and
list similarities and differences. Suggest that they use
a Venn diagram if they want to have a clear picture
of points/features that are shared as opposed to
differences for each culture. Explain that the alternative
structure requires them to focus on a feature, for
example greetings between men in the different
cultures, followed by a focus on another feature such
as gestures of approval and a comparison/contrast in
different cultures and so on. The block method would
call for a discussion of all relevant features in one
culture followed by a subsequent discussion of the
same features in the other culture. The final part would
require students to compare, contrast and conclude.
a Have students read the excerpt from a model essay
on the page. Ask them to identify the structure that is
going to be used. Get them to justify their answers.
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B. 1. Think of an Arab man or woman and a non-Arab man or woman you know personally or from TV.
2. Think about the way these people communicate. Research and collect information about culture-specific
features of communication. Do you think they communicate in a way that is typical of their culture? Write
your ideas in a chart.
3. Write an essay about the communication approaches used by each person. Give examples to support
your ideas.
Arab person’s name: Non-Arab person’s name:

__________________________ __________________________
Culture-specific
communication
features
Communication
features that are not
culture-specific
d a Friend from Poland

A Friend from Sweden an earchers on an education
al
er as res
are als o co lleagues. We work togeth countries.
My tw o fri ends
ols to co mm un ica te on line with schools in other
scho
project that encourages res , bo th of them are not really
what you might
m differe nt cu ltu
Although they come fro
to national stereotypes.
consider typical according , ou tg oin g pe rson in a quiet manner. Ja
nek,
a ver y fri endly
Erik, my Swedish friend, is friendly at first but …
co llea gu e, on th e ot he r hand, does not look very
my Polish
Writing Corner
When you write a comparative/contrastive essay:
• consider the different sides of the issue.
• develop a list of similarities and differences.
• establish your basis for comparison.
• create a thesis for their relative importance, e.g. similarities outweigh differences.
• structure your essay using an alternating or a block structure
a. an alternating structure involves a point by point discussion and can be quite systematic
and analytical
b. a block method allows you to discuss each aspect or topic in distinct blocks and then
conclude
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6 The Gender Divide

Present Perfect Progressive versus Present Perfect Simple
Use the present perfect progressive to say how long something has been happening.
Use the present perfect simple to say how many things have been done or how many times
something has been done.
Present Perfect Progressive Present Perfect Simple
Sandy and Amal have been discussing the differences They have decided that women talk about feelings more
in behavior between men and women for 2 hours. than men.
How long have you been discussing stereotypes? How many times have you discussed this issue?
Saeed has been driving since early this morning. He has driven 400 miles.
How long have you been driving? How many different models of car have you driven?
Use the present perfect progressive to talk about an annoying action or situation.
I haven’t slept at all. My phone has been ringing all night.
Who’s been eating the cakes? There is only one left!
Time Expressions with the Present Perfect Progressive:

How long, for, since, all day/ all week/ all month/ all year
They’ve been talking for over an hour. The children are getting bored.
A. Ask and answer questions about the picture. It’s been raining for ten minutes. What have the people been doing
during this time? Use the present perfect progressive and the present perfect simple.
A: What has the man at the magazine stand been doing during the rain?
B: He’s been reading.
A: How many magazines has he read?
B: He’s read several magazines.
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6 The Gender Divide

Function a Put students into pairs to ask and answer about the
picture. Monitor students closely and note down any
errors with form.
Present Perfect Progressive versus a Call on volunteers to describe the picture.
Present Perfect Simple a Write any errors with form on the board and ask
a Read the explanation and examples in the students to correct them.
presentation.
Answers
a Ask: What is the form of the present perfect progressive?
(has/have + been + -ing form of the verb)
a Ask: What is the form of the present perfect? (has/ have
A lady has been sitting in a taxi for a long time. She looks fed up.
+ the past participle) Two friends have been catching up over a cup of coffee.
a Ask students to look at the example sentences for They have drunk four cups.
each tense in the presentation. Ask: Which tense is A man has been directing traffic.
used in each example sentence and why? A businessman has been talking on his phone.
a Explain or elicit that we use the present perfect A man with a bag has been waiting for a taxi for a long time. He is
progressive to ask and say for how long something soaking wet.
has been happening. We use the present perfect
simple tense to talk about something in the past
which has a relation to now. Teaching Tip
When a student asks a question in class, try to elicit the answer
Time Expressions with the Present from other students before providing the answer yourself. Involve
Perfect Progressive: How long, for, since, the class in the discussion. In this way, everyone will benefit
all day/ all week/ all month/ all year from the student’s question. Otherwise, students will tend to
“tune out” while you are answering the question, thinking it has
a Call on students and ask: What have you learned to do? nothing to do with them.
Have you finished learning it? If not, how long have you
been learning for?
a Write students answers to these questions on the
board. Highlight the time expression. For example,
Ali has been learning how to drive for five months.
a Elicit a substitution for the underlined time
expressions on the board using since. ( e.g., since May)
a Refer students to the explanation in the presentation.
Point out that How long refers to the length of time
someone has been doing or has done something.
a Ask them to explain in their own words the difference
between for and since. (For refers to an extended
period of time, and since indicates a specific point in
time.)
a Under the heading, How long ..?, write for and since on
the board. Have students say a period of time not in
the presentation. For example, seven years, one day, a
long time. Write the expressions on the board under
for.
a Have students say a point of time in the past; for
example, a week ago, last Monday, seven years ago.
Write the expressions under since.
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6 6 The
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a Have students exchange paragraphs and correct any

Words Connected with Hobbies
mistakes they see with language.
and Interests
a Call on students to read out the paragraph they
a Tell students to read through the vocabulary items in have corrected and invite the class to guess who the
the box and circle any words with which are they are paragraph belongs to.
unfamiliar.
a Ask volunteers to read out the words they have circled Answers
and write them on the board. Have another student in
the class volunteer the meaning by putting the word
in a sentence of his/her own.
a Direct students to the statements below the Workbook
vocabulary chart. Ask students to write more examples Assign pages 65-66 for more practice with the form,
of their own in their notebooks. meaning and function of the structures in the unit.
a Call on students to share their examples with the class.
Adjective + Preposition + Gerund Teaching Tip

When students are having a group discussion, try to make sure
a Read through the example sentences and emphasize
that each person in the group has something to do. For example,
the prepositions which follow the adjectives. For give each student a role to play, such as leader, reporter, or
example, good AT, fascinated BY, interested IN. secretary. This helps ensure that everyone participates. At the
a As or give students more examples of adjectives which same time, remind students that as they become more advanced
are followed by prepositions and write them on the in English, they will come across more situations where there is
board. For example, afraid OF, bored WITH, amazed more than one possible answer to a question or more than one
AT and so on. Give students more adjectives and ask way to say something correctly.
them to categorize them into groups according to the
preposition they have in common.
a Ask students at random questions using the adjectives
and prepositions. tell them to answer with a full
sentence. For example, What are you most afraid of? I’m
most afraid of failing my English test!
B
a Put students into small groups of three or four. Tell
students to work together by taking it in turns to ask
and answer questions.
a Students should try to complete as much of the chart
as possible.
a Call on groups to report their findings to the rest of
the class. Carry out on-the-spot correction by asking
students to self-correct if they make an error with the
form of the present perfect progressive or present
perfect simple..
Answers
C
a Have students spend a few minutes writing about
themselves. They can write a paragraph in their
notebooks.
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Words Connected with Hobbies and Interests
Here are some words connected with popular free time activities. Write some words connected
with a hobby or interest of your own.
Playing Sport Reading Books Collecting Items Surfing the Internet Your Hobby
play a team sport science fiction stamps computer, laptop
water sport detective stories stuffed toys educational
join a club adventure stories comic books play games
training best seller stickers Internet cafe
outdoors poetry bookmarks enjoyment
keep fit book worm enjoyment knowledge
athletic track entertaining happiness new information
rewarding bookmark fascination
competition novel satisfaction
awards writer collection
Ahmed is a footballer. He has played every week since he was ten years old. He plays in his local team and they
have won many competitions and awards.
Sally is a bookworm. She loves reading novels and poetry. One day she hopes to be a writer.
Ali has always been fascinated with superheroes and comic books. They bring him much enjoyment and
happiness and he now has a collection of more than one thousand.
Adjective + Preposition + Gerund

I’m not very good at playing sport.
I’m fascinated by traditional stories and books.
I’m interested in reading all sorts of stories.
B. Work in groups. Find out about your classmates’ hobbies and interests. Ask how long they’ve been
doing them. Complete the chart.
A: Can you play a sport? B: I’ve been playing tennis since I was ten.
B: Yes, I can. I play tennis on the weekends. A: Have you taken part in any tournaments?
A: How long have you been playing tennis? B: Yes, I have.
Hobby/Interest Name Length of Time

Sport
Books
Collecting something
Your idea
Your idea
Your idea
C. Tell the class about your group’s hobbies and interests.
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6 The Gender Divide
12 Project
1. Think about and research methods that people have used to communicate with others
throughout history. For example, Native Americans used to communicate through smoke
signals. They used a blanket to cover and uncover the fire in order to make a specific
number of smoke puffs rise. Someone at a distance could watch and interpret the smoke
signals and understand the message that was being sent.
2. Work in pairs/groups. Find out about different methods of communication that have been
used through time and make notes in the chart.
3. Use your notes and the information that you have collected to prepare a PowerPoint
presentation for your class.
Communication Method 1 2 3 4
Description
Time period
Place
Person/group involved
Advantages
Disadvantages
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6 The Gender Divide
12
a Allow time for research. This means that if students
Project don’t have access to the internet or would like to
take photos of certain practices they will not be able
a Tell students that they are going to research and to complete their poster. In this case it would be
prepare a presentation on the ways people have advisable to ask them to share the tasks they need to
communicated through history. complete, do the research, collect information and
a Have them brainstorm on ways of communication visuals and complete the presentation for the next
that they know about in groups. Call on a student lesson.
from each group to report the group information and a Call on each group to present. Suggest that they take
ideas. turns presenting sections of their group presentation.
a Have students look at the photos in their book and a Include the PowerPoint presentations in the
talk about them. Ask them to give reasons for their electronic class portfolio.
answers. Elicit answers from volunteers and list ideas
on the board.
Sample answers: Additional Activity

Research and find out how people communicated during the
Picture 1: a white dove with a message tied to its leg/ Doves were 20th century. Find out which inventions affected communication.
used to carry mail Identify similarities and differences between now and then, and
Picture 2: a postman in his uniform carrying his mail bag/ possibly present them in class. Have a class discussion commenting on
delivering letters similarities and differences.
Picture 3: A man of Native American origin sending smoke signals
with a blanket
a Organize students in groups and have them
brainstorm on different methods used for
communication over distances.
a Call on groups to present their ideas for the class. Ask
a member of each group to list the different methods
that are mentioned on the board.
a Read directions for tasks 1 and 2 and have students
write as much information as they can in the
organizer. Encourage them to research and add
information.
a Ask students to download and print information that
they find on the Internet as well as any promotional
material or leaflets with information about mail
services, online communication, telephone
communication etc.
a Organize students in groups and have them collate
their notes and fill in gaps in their chart.
a Elicit ideas and guidelines about PowerPoint
presentations from volunteers. Allow students to look
back at their notes.
a Have groups make decisions and assign tasks
to members of the group. Encourage them to
communicate after school in order to talk to each
other about what they found and coordinate the next
stage in their preparation.
a Remind students that they will need to design
a PowerPoint presentation with photos and/or
drawings.
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6 6 The
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Gender Divide
Divide
13 Self Reflection
a Write Do Men and Women Speak the Same Language? on
a Write ‘The Gender Divide’ on the board and elicit as
many ideas and words as possible from the class. List the board and brainstorm on language and information
the words on the board. that students remember. Call on volunteers to list as
a Have students scan pages 82 and 83. Ask them to
a Organize students in pairs and ask them to answer
think about things they liked and things they disliked
about this part of the unit. Use questions to help them questions like these:
remember. For example: Name some of the communication differences
between men and women and their causes?
a Circle the right word/s:
How do men bond?
The common stereotype that men talk less than
What does masculine talk tend to focus on?
women is wrong/right.
What does female talk tend to focus on?
According to studies women worry less / more
Do men and women listen in the same way? Why?
than men.
Why not?
Men and women tend to lie about different/the
same things.
Men can/ cannot adjust well to repetitive tasks. before about likes, dislikes and things they found easy
Men have lower/higher tolerance to pain. or difficult.
Answers: say what they remember about verbal and non-verbal
communication. Give them some time to work in pairs
wrong; more; different; cannot; higher
and then call on volunteers to answer.
a Give students time to make notes about likes and a Have students scan pages 88 and 89 and make notes as
dislikes and easy or difficult items in the section. before.
a Before directing students to pages 84, 85, ask them
to explain the difference in meaning between the discussion about what they found more or less useful
sentences. For example: and more or less interesting.
I don’t remember sending you this book. Are you Did they have difficulty making decisions in their
sure it was me? group? Why? Why not?
They always remember to water the flowers when Where did they find information? Where did they
we’re away. find photos?
We stopped to admire the view from the Would they change anything if they had the chance
mountain. It was spectacular. to do it again? What?
We stopped driving to the seaside on the Did they enjoy designing the presentation? Did
weekend. It’s too crowded. everyone contribute?
Answers:
section individually.
• I don’t remember having sent you this book. Are you sure it a Have students fill out the checklist alone and write their
wasn’t sent by someone else?
five favorite words.
• They never forget to water our flowers when we are away.
a Discuss areas that students feel they need more work
• We stopped driving in order to admire the view. on and make suggestions.
• We don’t drive to the seaside on the weekend any longer. We
used to but we’ve stopped doing it because there are too many
people.
a Discuss the grammar of the unit with the class. Call on
volunteers to say if they found it easy or difficult and
give reasons.
say what the conversation is about in this lesson.
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13 Self Reflection

talk about gender differences and similarities
discuss stereotypes
ask for and give directions
use verbs + infinitives or gerunds with different meanings
use passive forms of infinitives and gerunds
use auxiliary verbs after but and and

use the present perfect simple and the present progressive
tense
use time expressions: How long ...?; for; since; all day, week,
month, year
talk about hobbies and interests
use adjectives + prepositions + gerunds


from the unit again
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1 Language Review
A. Complete each sentence by adding both...and, not only...but also, either...or, or neither...nor.
For some items, more than one answer may be possible.
1. _____________ Beijing _____________ Hong Kong are cities in China.
2. All numbers are _____________ even _____________ odd.
3. Solar energy is _____________ clean _____________ renewable.
4. _____________ Ayrton Senna _____________ Jim Clark were famous race car drivers.
5. In the Spanish language, nouns are _____________ masculine _____________ feminine.
6. _____________ Finding Nemo _____________ The Lion King are animated films.
7. Studies have found that _____________ men _____________ women talk more than the other.
8. _____________ cars _____________ airplanes existed 200 years ago.
9. The word change can mean _____________ coins _____________ to become different.
10. Some words in the English language, like conflict and suspect, are _____________ nouns
_____________ verbs.
B. Rewrite each pair of sentences as a single sentence with an adverb clause. Use a word or phrase from
the box to begin each adverb clause. For some items, more than one answer may be possible.
because if (in order) to only if so that where

even if in case now that since unless wherever
Check the product carefully. There may be defects.

Check the product carefully in case there are defects.
1. You feel anxiety about leaving your job. You should still do it.
2. The police will have trouble finding the criminal. It would help if there were a witness.
3. We have finished this tedious task. We can relax.
4. She feels restless. It doesn’t matter where she is.
5. Let’s choose our destination. Then we can book our trip.
6. More consumers buy that brand. It has a good reputation.
7. He wants to be accepted into a prestigious university. He will have to study hard.
8. The secret agent altered his appearance. It was difficult to recognize him.
C. Write two sentences about each item using adverb clauses.

I brought an umbrella in case it rains.
Wherever I go, I bring an umbrella.
1. a bicycle 2. a bilingual dictionary 3. a cell phone 4. a chocolate bar
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their completed sentences aloud. Elicit alternative
Unit Goals correct answers from students as appropriate.
Language Review Writing Answers

Write an essay Answers will vary. Sample answers:
Reading about tales involving 1.
Even if you feel anxiety about leaving your job,
The impact of a changing animals you should still do it.
world on human language
2.
The police will have trouble finding the criminal
and communication
unless there is a witness.
Language Plus 3. Now that we have finished this tedious task, we can relax.
Every day idioms 4. She feels restless wherever she is.
5. Let’s choose our destination so that we can book our trip.
6.
More consumers buy that brand because it has a
1 Language Review good reputation.

7.
If he wants to be accepted to a prestigious university,
he will have to study hard.
A 8.
Because/Since the secret agent altered her appearance,
a This exercise reviews using paired conjunctions, it was difficult to recognize her.
which was presented in Unit 4. Refer students to the
grammar chart on page 56 for review as necessary. C
a Call on a student to read aloud the directions. a This exercise also reviews adverb clauses. Refer students

to the chart on page 70 for review as necessary.
sentences, and then compare answers with a partner. a Have a student read aloud the directions, the example

sentence, and the names of the items.
their completed sentences aloud. Elicit alternative a Tell students to refer to the list of adverbs in the box
correct answers from students as appropriate. for exercise B for reference when forming their
adverb clauses.
Answers a Have students work with a partner to write
1. Both, and
their sentences.
a To check answers, call on multiple pairs to read aloud
2. either, or
3. both, and / not only, but also
their sentences for each picture.
4. Both, and
Answers
5. either, or
6. Both, and Answers will vary. Sample answers:
7. neither, nor 1. I ride my bicycle wherever I go.
8. Neither, nor Since I got a new bicycle, I don’t mind riding to school.
9. either, or 2.
Now that I have an electronic bilingual dictionary, it is easier
to look up words.
10.
both, and / not only, but also
I use my bilingual dictionary only if I can’t understand the
B English definition.
a This exercise reviews adverb clauses, which were 3. I always carry my cell phone in case of an emergency.
presented in Unit 5. Refer students to the grammar
Bring your cell phone so that you can call me when you
chart on page 70 for review as necessary. get there.
a Ask a student to read aloud the directions and the

4. I can’t resist a chocolate bar, even if I’m not hungry.
example sentence. I’m not hungry for dinner because I ate a chocolate bar earlier.

sentences, and then compare answers with a partner.
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D F
a This exercise reviews using verbs + infinitives a This exercise also reviews auxiliary verbs after but
or gerunds with different meanings, which was and and.
presented in Unit 6. Refer students to the chart on a Read the directions and example aloud.
page 84 for review as necessary. a Have students work in pairs to write their sentences.
a Read aloud the directions and example. Ask them to write at least two sentences for each pair
a Point out to students that they will rewrite each direct of pictures.
speech statement as reported speech, using the verb a To check answers, call on pairs to read their
in parentheses. Remind students to choose either the sentences aloud.
gerund or infinitive form based on which makes more
sense in the context of the sentence. Answers
sentences, and then compare with a partner.
1. China is a large country, and the U.S. is too.
a Call on volunteers to read their sentences aloud.
2. A cell phone is a form of technology, and a laptop is too.
3. A burrito is a typical Mexican food, but sushi isn’t.
Answers
4. A mechanic fixes cars, but a race car driver doesn’t.
1. Ahmed regrets buying her car.
2. Abdullah regrets not being able to be at the meeting. Workbook
3. Tom got so bored of that TV show that he stopped watching it.
Assign pages 67–69 for review of vocabulary and
4. Allen told us to remember to vote on Monday.
grammar presented in Units 4–6.
5. Dennis will always remember watching the Olympics live.
6.
Andrew and Jack were driving when they stopped to watch
the fireworks.
7. Kaya is trying to find a dress for the wedding. Additional Activity
8.
Jimmy asked if we tried looking online for the tennis match Play Grammar Bingo. Create a grammar bingo card for each
schedules. student. The card should have four squares across and four
squares down, each containing a word, phrase, or sentence
E that you want to practice. Include the following grammar
a This exercise reviews using auxiliary verbs after but and points from Units 4–6:
and, which was presented in Unit 6. Refer students to • adverb clauses of reason, purpose, condition, and place
the chart on page 84 for review as necessary. • auxiliary verbs after but and and
a Have students work individually to write sentences, • paired conjunctions: both...and, not only...but also, either...or,
and then compare answers with a partner. neither...nor
• verbs + infinitives or gerunds with different meanings
Answers
Distribute the cards with chips or bits of paper to cover the
1. Gold is a kind of metal, and silver is too. squares. Call out grammar points. For example say: Who has
2. Shoes are worn on the feet, but gloves aren’t. an adverb clause with because? If students have a sentence
3. Alligators don’t live in the desert, and monkeys don’t either. containing an adverb clause with because, they cover it with a
chip. When a student has covered four squares in a row, vertically,
4. An uncle is a male relative, and a nephew is too.
horizontally, or diagonally, he or she says Bingo! Check the card
5. Ice is a form of water, and steam is too.
for accuracy. Continue playing with the other students or start
6. Elephants aren’t predatory animals, and deer aren’t either. a new game.
7. Kenya is an African country, and Nigeria is too.
8. Men often wear ties, but women don’t.
9. Apples aren’t tropical fruits, and cherries aren’t either.
10.
Colombia is in South America, but Canada isn’t.
11.
Penguins can’t fly, but parrots can.
12. The United States doesn’t have a royal family, but
England does.
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D. Explain what each person is saying. Use the verb in parentheses, followed by a gerund or an infinitive.
Sabrina: Oh no! I think I left the oven on when I left my house. (forgot)
Sabrina thinks she forgot to turn off the oven.
1. Ahmed: I shouldn’t have bought this car. It keeps breaking down. (regret)
2. Abdullah: I wish I could be at the meeting, but unfortunately I can’t. (regret)
3. Tom: We got so bored of that TV show. We don’t watch it anymore. (stop)
4. Allen: The election is Monday. Make sure you vote. (remember)
5. Dennis: Watching the Olympics live was incredible. I will never forget it. (remember)
6. Andrew: Jack and I were driving when we saw fireworks. We pulled over and watched them. (stop)
7. Kaya: I’m looking for a dress for the wedding. (try)
8. Jimmy: Did you look online for the tennis match schedules this weekend? (try)
E. Use the words to write sentences with but or and + an auxiliary verb.
ice cream is made from milk / butter
Ice cream is made from milk, and butter is too.
1. gold is a kind of metal / silver
2. shoes are worn on the feet / gloves
3. alligators don’t live in the desert / monkey
4. an uncle is a male relative / nephew
5. ice is a form of water / steam
6. elephants aren’t predatory animals / deer
7. Kenya is an African country / Nigeria
8. men often wear ties / women
9. apples aren’t tropical fruits / cherries
10. Colombia is in South America / Canada
11. penguins can’t fly / parrots
12. The United States doesn’t have a royal family / England
F. For each pair of pictures, write sentences with but or and + an auxiliary verb.
The K.S.A. is in the Middle East, but the U.S. isn’t.
1. The K.S.A. / the U.S. 3. a burrito / sushi
2. a cell phone / a laptop 4. a race car driver / a mechanic
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2 Reading
Before Reading
1. Do you think it is easy for people to make real friends online? Why? Why not?
2. Do you text or call people you know? What kind of language do you use in each case?
The impact of a changing world on human

language and communication
Recent research on the impact of online initial connections more meaningful. This was
communication across cultures in Europe has revealed further confirmed by the diminishing interest and
some very interesting findings. involvement of the participants that had not been
Although, social networking and online able to travel.
communication has become the norm among young As expected, English was used as the common
people nowadays, the formation of lasting friendships medium of communication. Project participants
among peers appears to require face-to-face admitted to having been intimidated and reluctant
communication. to initiate conversation due to their language
The project involved communication with partner “inadequacies.” They soon found out that none of
schools in different countries. According to project their peers from other countries were perfect either,
participants, online communication and information but were only too willing to utilize all available
exchange was effective for a period of time and resources to speak. So they quickly revised their views
undoubtedly provided the input and information on language competence and stopped being over-
needed. However, when it came to the formation of concerned with potential “errors.”
long-term friendships, they strongly felt that face-to- The task at hand required them to communicate with
face communication was a key requirement; as was people that they had previously communicated with
mobility, in other words travel to different countries. through email and video conferencing, under more
The way one of the participants put it, “It’s different to controlled circumstances with teacher support, and
find out about each other’s culture through reading, time to check and edit their language. Face-to-face
talking about it and exchanging pictures or videos, communication had to be spontaneous and genuine,
and different to actually experience it in person. It’s so they were required to do their best, to listen,
the day-to-day things that tell you more about people understand, and ask for clarification or repetition,
and their mindset.” These conclusions were reached use gestures or point to things if they could not
after participants visited the countries where partner recall words and so on. More importantly, their peers
schools were located. As funding was limited, not all from other countries routinely resorted to the same
project participants were able to join. strategies in conversation.
All interviewees appreciated the accessible and On occasion, when lost for words, their interlocutors
affordable opportunities offered through technology would say:” text me”; this they could do without
and online communication but stressed the need for difficulty, using abbreviated language. They would
communication beyond cyberspace. Interestingly, then use the text message, as a basis to clarify
young people nowadays take cyberspace for meaning. Abbreviated language, this special kind
granted and consider more conventional, real world of electronic shorthand, which often confuses older
experiences to be more creative and rewarding. adults, is accessible to young people. In fact, it is
Overall, the conclusion reached pointed out that the electronic variety of English as an international
although technology “connects” people, lasting medium, and an identifying marker of generations
friendships require face-to-face contact to make that are natives to technology.
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2 Reading to think and edit; face-to-face communication was

spontaneous and involved more strategies) (Answers
will vary in detail and wording)
Before Reading questions. For question 1, have them Explain briefly the most interesting thing you
do a group survey and make a note of each student’s learned from this reading. (Answers will vary.)
answer.
a Elicit answers from each group and write them on Culture Note
the board. Ask students to compare group results and Gestures are used to a greater or lesser degree, in different
discuss the reasons why they prefer to text or call. languages, by different cultures. When communicating
Have students give examples of the kind of language with other speakers of English, it is important to find
they use. out about gestures and their meaning in the speaker’s
culture, to avoid a potential communication breakdown
READING STRATEGY Using prior knowledge or misunderstanding.
a Ask students to look at the pictures on pages 98 and Eye-contact among peers is important in many
99 and read the title, without reading the article. Ask: cultures as indicating interest, attention, active listening,
What do you see? (people texting, using a tablet involvement and sincerity. Avoiding eye contact might
or a cellphone.) Ask: What do the photos have in be interpreted as disrespectful, an indication of shyness
common? (they all show examples of online/distance or lack of confidence, fear or intimidation or even lack
communication through technology) of sincerity. Business people take this into consideration
a Ask: Can you explain how online communication when interacting with colleagues from different cultures,
differs from other types of communication? through an international medium.
Compare with more conventional face-to-face It is advisable, however, to keep an open mind and
communication, letter writing, smoke signals etc. learn about cultural norms in different contexts. What
Elicit answers and write notes on the board, but do is appropriate in one context will not necessarily be
not confirm or deny answers at this point. acceptable in another. Consider occasions when eye
| P lay the audio for the article. Ask students to just contact or other features of body language, for example,
listen, with their books closed. might be considered disrespectful in a particular culture.
a Ask: Did you hear any of the points/ ideas you
Discuss your ideas in class.
mentioned earlier? (yes) Which ones? (have students
compare with their notes and say which points were
mentioned) What did you hear about friendship? Additional Activity
(you need to meet face-to-face to form lasting Elicit countries and/or cultures from the class and write them on
friendships) What did you hear about culture? (it’s the board. Arrange students in small groups or pairs and assign
different to find out through experience/ the day-to- a culture or country for them to research and find information
day things tell you more about people, the way they about face-to-face communication and acceptable norms,
think, their values) including gestures, eye-contact etc.
| Play the audio again. Ask students to open their Have groups or pairs present their findings in your next class.
a To check students’ general understanding of the
reading, ask a few questions. For example:
What did the project involve? (communication
among schools in different countries)
Which language was used as a common medium?
(English)
What was the difference between online and
face-to-face communication among project
participants?
(online communication was carried out under more
controlled circumstances with support and more time
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EXPANSION
Units Units
After Reading 4.
They felt intimidated because they didn’t think their language
was adequate. They were worried about making mistakes and
did not feel confident about using language spontaneously,
A without support.
a Read aloud the vocabulary words in the box. Ask 5.
The need for a quick and efficient way of communicating online
students to repeat for proper pronunciation. contributed to the development of “texting” language.
a Tell students to find and underline each word in the 6.
High school students believe that context and circumstances
reading. Have them study the context of each word determine the type of communication and type of language
carefully to guess at its meaning. used. Although pleased to be able to message efficiently and
effectively they were keen to develop the language and skills
a Have students work individually to complete each
required in different contexts.
sentence with one of the words. Then have them
compare answers with a partner.
a Call on volunteers to read their completed Discussion
sentences aloud. a Arrange students in groups to discuss the questions.
a As an extension, ask students to identify the part of Assign one student in each group the role of reporter.
speech of each word as it is used in the reading and in a As a follow-up, call on a few volunteers to share their
the sentences. (diminishing - adjective/gerund, norm - group’s answer to each question.
noun, intimidated - adjective/past participle, utilize - verb,
acronym - noun, abbreviated - adjective/past participle).
Workbook
Answers
Assign pages 70–71 for additional writing practice at
1. diminishing
word and sentence level.
2. norm
3. initimidated
4. utilize
5. acronym
6. interlocutor
7. abbreviated
8. overrated
B
the questions.
a Check answers by having pairs report their answers
to the class. Have them support their answers by
referring back to the parts of the reading with the
correct information.
Answers
1.
Although young people communicate online, face-to-face
communication is still very important for the formation of
lasting friendships.
2.
Project participants believed that face-to-face communication
and mobility were requirements for the formation of long-term
friendships.
3.
Participants who travelled were more highly motivated,
interested and enthusiastic and had the opportunity to
experience different cultures in person. Those who didn’t,
gradually lost interest.
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The context and means of communication do have an When these issues were addressed in a focus group
immediate impact on the type of language used. The with high school students who had participated in the
need for speedy and highly economical messaging has multicultural project, they were ready with clear and
fostered the development and evolution of “texting” highly articulate answers. They agreed that context
language. Abbreviated language is regarded as a type and circumstances impose the need for changes in
of ‘slang’, categorizing it as a substandard variety of communication and therefore the type of language
language. On the other hand, some analysts attest to used. They were pleased to be able to use abbreviated
the fact that it indicates high intelligence and speed of language in texting and messaging effectively and
processing that should not be overlooked. efficiently. However, they pointed out that they
According to Professor Crystal, “text-speak”, the would very much like to develop their language and
combination of vowel-free abbreviations and acronyms, communication skills further in order to be able to
“has definitely been overhyped” and does not qualify as a operate in a different range of contexts. As one of the
new language. interviewees put it, “It wouldn’t be a good idea to use
abbreviated language in term papers when I get to
university!”
After Reading
A. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
norm diminishing utilize interlocutor

abbreviated intimidated acronym overrated
1. The disappointing results of the experiment were, unfortunately,

caused by the researcher’s _____________ enthusiasm and interest.
2. Unfortunately, consuming too much fast food is the _____________
among young people, these days, not the exception.
3. Although he had spent days preparing his presentation, he got so
_____________ by the audience that he could hardly say a word.
4. You should not give up when you run into difficulties. Instead, you
should _____________ all your skills and experience to deal with
them.
5. UAE is an _____________ It stands for United Arab Emirates.
6. A good communicator always tries to facilitate his _____________.
7. Young people use _____________ language in texting.
8. People used to think that computers were vastly _____________ as a home appliance.
B. Answer the questions.
1. What were the conclusions of research on the impact of online communication across cultures?
2. What did the project participants believe about lasting friendships?
3. What was the main difference between participants who travelled to different countries and
those who didn’t?
4. How did the project participants feel about their language competence to begin with? Why?
5. Which factors fostered the development of “texting” language?
6. What did high school students believe about different types of language? Why?
Discussion
1. Do you think abbreviated, “text-speak” qualifies as a new language? Why? Why not?
2. Do you think technology has had a positive or negative impact on language and
communication? Give reasons.
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3 Language Plus
Read the definitions of these idioms. Then complete each sentence with the correct idiom.
break into a cold sweat = feel very anxious about something
root for someone = support and encourage a contestant or team by cheering
throw caution to the wind = take an unnecessary risk
The third time’s the charm. = The third time you try to do something, it will work.
1 2 3 4
1. Every time I go to the dentist, I ______________.

2. Finally! This cake is perfect. _______________.
3. I was lucky not to get hurt last time I jumped. I don’t
want to _______________ by jumping again.
4. I hope you win. I will _______________.
4 Writing
Tools for Writing: Run-on Sentences
A run-on sentence is a sentence with two or more independent clauses that are incorrectly placed
together without any punctuation or a coordinating conjunction.
Incorrect: You look in the cafeteria I’ll look in the auditorium.
Run-on sentences can be avoided by using a period to separate the clauses into two separate
sentences, or by adding a coordinating conjunction after a comma.
Correct: You look in the cafeteria. I’ll look in the auditorium.
Correct: You look in the cafeteria, and I’ll look in the auditorium.
Correct each run-on sentence in two different ways.
1. The weather has been great it has been warm. 3. He’s tired he doesn’t want to stay out late.
2. She can’t make it she has other plans. 4. I understood the lesson I can help you.
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3 Language Plus 4 Writing

a Ask students to read the definitions of the idioms silently.
a Focus students’ attention on the cartoons and the
Tools for Writing: Run-on Sentences
sentences below them. Tell students to match up a Ask students to read the explanation and examples
each cartoon with the sentence that describes it. Then silently. Write the following sentence on the board:
have students fill in the blanks with the idioms. I need the textbook today I can lend it to
a Call on students to read aloud the completed you tomorrow.
sentences and say which cartoon illustrates each Ask: Is this sentence correct? (no) Ask: What is wrong
sentence. Ask students to explain each idiom as it is with it? Elicit that it contains two independent
shown in the cartoon. For example, ask: How do you clauses, so it is a run-on sentence. Ask: How can I
know that picture 1 illustrates the idiom Break into correct this sentence? Elicit that the two independent
a cold sweat? (It shows a patient getting ready to go clauses should be broken into two separate
to the dentists surgery.) sentences, or joined together with a coordinating
Ask: How do you know that picture 2 illustrates conjunction. Ask two volunteers to come to the board
the idiom The third time’s the charm? (It shows a to write the corrected sentences:
woman who has baked two cakes that didn’t come I need the textbook today. I can lend it to you tomorrow.
out very well, and a third one that looks perfect.) I need the textbook today, but I can lend it to
Ask: How do you know that picture 3 illustrates the you tomorrow.
idiom Throw caution to the wind? (Skydiving is a a Have students work individually to correct each run-
dangerous and risky sport.) on sentence, and then compare answers with
Ask: How do you know that picture 4 illustrates the a partner.
idiom Root for someone? (The man is hoping that
his friend will win the award.)
Answers
Language Builder
Elicit or provide students with this list of coordinating conjunctions:
1. break into a cold sweat. for, and, nor, but, or, so, yet.
2. The third time’s the charm.
3. throw caution to the wind
4. root for you.
Answers
1.
The weather has been great. It has been warm. / The weather
has been great, and it has been warm.
2.
She can’t make it. She has other plans. / She can’t make it, for
she has other plans.
3.
He’s tired. He doesn’t want to stay out late. / He’s tired, so he
doesn’t want to stay out late.
4.
I understood the lesson. I can help you. / I understood the
lesson, and I can help you.
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EXPANSION
Units Units
Writing Prompt a In class, have students create outlines of their essay,

using the notes from their charts. Have students
a Read aloud the Writing Prompt.
exchange their outlines with a partner and discuss
them, asking and answering questions about what
Developing Your Writing their essay will be about.
a Focus students’ attention on the box Developing Your a Have students work individually to write a draft of their
Writing: Outlining an Essay. Ask students to read the essay. Then they exchange drafts with their partner
explanation and sample outline silently. and comment on each other’s essays.
a Ask: Who has created an outline like this one before? a Finally, students reread their essays and revise them.
Remind students that they practiced outlining as a Tell them to check to see if they used any of the
reading strategy in Unit 1. Find out how comfortable grammar points from Units 4, 5, and 6. Write these
students are with creating outlines and tailor the points on the board for reference:
amount of instruction provided to meet their needs. adverb clauses of reason, purpose, condition,
a Explain that the sample outline is an outline of an and place
essay about tales about animals, similar to the one that auxiliary verbs after but and and
they will write. paired conjunctions: both...and, not only...but also,
a Elicit or explain that the Roman numerals in the either...or, neither...nor
outline refer to sections or paragraphs of the essay. verbs + infinitives or gerunds with
Roman numeral I contains information about what different meanings
will be included in the introductory paragraph. If not, have them try to include at least two or three
There are two points that the writer will make in the different grammar points from the units as they revise
introduction. These are IA and IB. Roman numeral the essay. They don’t have to use them all. Students
II contains information about the body of the essay. might do this as homework.
The writer will include the main points listed in IIA a Collect students’ essays and outlines together
and IIB in that order. Roman numeral III refers to the
for assessment.
concluding paragraph.
a Have a student read aloud the beginning of the
sample essay Animal Tales in American Culture. Ask:
Does this introduction include the main points listed Teaching Tip
in the outline? (yes) It is important for students to read models of good essays to help
them improve their own writing. Before assigning a writing task,
distribute copies of a well-written essay for students to read.
Write Your Essay Explain what you like about the essay and what aspects of the
a Direct students back to Write Your Essay. Call on essay you would like them to model.
a student to read aloud step 1. As a class, discuss Alternatively, before students write, give them an example
the questions. Elicit and have a student write on the of both a good essay and a bad essay for them to critique
board the most common animal tales in their culture. and compare. Use essays that you have written yourself or
a Have student read aloud steps 2–4. Ask students to
anonymous essays from other students.
draw a note-taking chart in their notebooks like the
one in the book. Tell them to each write two or three
animal tales in the first column that they are interested Workbook
in researching. Tell them that they will fill in the second
column of the chart with notes they take as they do Assign page 72 for additional writing practice above word
their research. Ask students to research outside of class and sentence level.
and complete their charts.
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Writing Prompt
Write an essay about tales involving animals in your culture. Include grammar points from Units 4, 5, and 6.
Write Your Essay

1. Think about the following questions: Where did the tale originate? What is the significance of the tale?
Is there a moral?
2. Use a chart to organize your ideas. In the first column, write two or three tales about animals that you
are interested in learning more about. Research these tales. Then write notes about the origin of each
in the second column. Use these notes when you write
your essay. Animal Tale Origin of the Tale
3. Write an outline for your essay, and then write a draft.
4. Have a partner read and comment on your draft. Use your
partner’s comments and suggestions to revise your essay.
Developing Your Writing: Outlining an Essay

Writers use outlines to help them organize their thoughts before they begin writing. Outlines show
the order in which topics will be introduced. They also include categories and subcategories to show
the relationship between the different parts of the essay. Outlines are usually arranged from general
points to more specific points. Outlines are also usually arranged by a system of numbers and letters,
as in the example below.
I. Introduction
A. There are numerous tales about animals in American culture.
B. These tales often teach an important lesson/moral.
II. Body
A. First tale: The Tortoise and the Hare
1. origins of the tale
2. significance/moral of the tale
B. Second tale: The Lion and the Mouse
1. origins of the tale
2. significance/moral of the tale
III. Conclusion
Animal Tales in American Culture

American culture has a rich assortment of animal tales that are passed on from
generation to generation. Most of these tales originated centuries ago, but are still told
to children today. Each tale has a moral—an important lesson to be learned . . .
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Vocabulary

VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs Adjectives

aggression leftovers tentacles chuckle flee acute
companions operation unification compensate honor conjoined
contentment pediatric employ reject devoted
(moral) fiber surgeon exile swoop fearsome
deficiencies predators flustered
elements radioactivity grieving
grief struggle invaluable
intellect symbiosis legendary
pregnant
symbiotic
EXPRESSIONS unified
Negotiating Real Talk

How about if I…and you…? No sweat.
I think it would be fair if… Not my cup of tea.
I’m sure we can work this out. on the same wavelength
OK, I’ll agree to…if you will…
Would you (be willing to)…if I…?
2 Rags to Riches
VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverb

asset inventory assemble formal prominent enormously
charity obscurity compile impoverished reasonable
dispute phenomenon comply with materialistic renowned
endowment philanthropist dismantle overwhelming rural
founder poverty excel
foresight reputation implement
hurdle wealth prosper
resign
EXPRESSIONS
Discussing options Real Talk

At the same time,… On the other hand,… cash go (around) in circles
But then again,… The alternative would be to… don’t mind put (something)
I could always… What would you think about…? drive someone crazy aside for a rainy day
get cold feet
102
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VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

acrobatics expectancy adopt optimize commonplace of degree
biodiversity gravity compete preserve condensed amazingly
biosphere industry determine simulate cushioned extensively
chain orbit estimate span lucrative incredibly
circuits rank gaze substitute obsolete mainly
conscience sanitation generate transport reusable
demolition invest rigorous
steep
EXPRESSIONS
Persuading Real Talk

(I’m sure) if you just give it a try, you’ll find that… check out
Look at it this way… ditch
One of the advantages is… go with the flow
One reason you should consider… hoopla
Trust me on this… lugging
What’s great about this is…

VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverb

capabilities life form radio waves confirm discouraged unintentionally
diameter limitations shortcomings detect entire
galaxy radio telescope monitor extraterrestrial
optimistic
vast
EXPRESSIONS
Idioms
be in another world
be on top of the world
be worlds apart
carry the weight of the world on (one’s) shoulders
The world is (one’s) oyster.
Where in the world…?
103
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16:05 MG_05_SB_TEXT_2017.indd 103 14/12/16 16:05
Vocabulary
4 The World of TV
VOCABULARY
ally magnifying captivate abrupt evolutionary eagerly
defect glass capture altered exotic ironically
delusion melodrama confront animated formulaic tremendously
ease obstacle reclaim carefree idiosyncratic
formula throne triumph cold-blooded phenomenal
gadgets villain crucial prestigious
intrigue enduring prominent
epic superhuman
essential untimely
evil
EXPRESSIONS
Agreeing Disagreeing Real Talk
I agree completely. (I’m sorry but) I don’t agree (with you). a dime a dozen
I couldn’t agree more. I see it differently. doze off
You’re absolutely right. I totally disagree. hard to swallow
You’re right about that. (I’m afraid) I don’t really agree. just
I’m not so sure about that.
You must be joking.

VOCABULARY
brand admire artificial obsolete dramatically
consumer authenticate dull outlandish similarly
formula covet cursive revolutionary spontaneously
implement expose exclusive sophisticated virtually
logo imprint frustrating unconventional
trait intend
promote
EXPRESSIONS
Advising against something Real Talk
Are you sure you want to do that? beat it
I don’t think that’s a good idea. blow
I wouldn’t do that if I were you. broke
I’m afraid you’re going to regret it if you… max out
You should think carefully before you…
104
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6 The Gender Divide
VOCABULARY

anxiety intensity convey countless repetitive
capacity recovery encounter feminine restless
content reflex witness intimate rich
gender species literal significant
impact stereotype masculine tedious
intuition temperament non-verbal verbal
EXPRESSIONS
Asking for directions Giving directions

Am I headed in the right direction? Go straight on…until you get to a…
Can you tell me how to get to…? If you see a…you’ve gone too far.
I’m looking for… Keep going until you come to a (crosswalk/set of traffic lights).
Take a left/right after the (first, second, etc.) set of traffic lights.
When you get to…you’ll see a…
Real Talk
for ages
know (something) like the back of
my hand
make a big deal about
over
You can say that again.

VOCABULARY

acronym mobility utilize abbreviated
impact norm overhype affordable
interlocutor peer diminishing
mindset intimidated
overrated
potential
EXPRESSIONS
Idioms
break into a cold sweat
root for someone
The third time’s the charm.
throw caution to the wind
105
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16:05 MG_05_SB_TEXT_2017.indd 105 14/12/16 16:05
Irregular Verbs
Base Form Simple Past Past Participle
be was/were been
become became become
break broke broken
buy bought bought
come came come
cut cut cut
do did done
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
get got gotten
give gave given
go went gone
have had had
hear heard heard
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
know knew known
leave left left
lend lent lent
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
sew sewed sewn
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
wake (up) woke (up) woken (up)
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
106
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Photo Credits
2 Robin Laurance/Alamy, Mike Kiev/Alamy; 3 YAY Media AS/Alamy, Alashi/Getty; 4 Nicolas Loran/Getty; 5 Kaveh Kazemi/Contributor; 6 ML
©Popperfoto/Getty, BR © Harry Taylor/Getty; 7 TL © ClassicStock/Alamy; 9 TR © arabianEye; 10 TR ©MARKA/Alamy; 11 TR Photo of Dr. Al-Rabeeah
selected from www.moh.gov.sa in cooperation with the Ministry of Education; 12 TR ©EcoPrint/SHUTTERSTOCK, BL ©Roman Kazmin/ISTOCK;
13 TL ©Dave Bluck/ISTOCK; 14 Gallo Images-Latitudestock/Getty; 18 Getty Images, SSPL via Getty Images, FIFA via Getty Images/Getty David
De Lossy; 20 TL ©CORBIS SYGMA/CORBIS, BL ©AFP/Getty Images/GETTY; 21 TL © Getty Images, 24 (car) © izmostock/Alamy, (Coach) © ERIC
LAFFORGUE/Alamy, (man) © David Sacks; 25 TR ©Werner Forman-Universal Images Group-Getty Images/Getty; 26 ©FAYEZ NURELDINE-AFP-
Getty Images/Getty; 27 Photo of Sheikh Sulaiman Al-Rajhi selected from www.events.alriyadh.gov.sa in cooperation with the Ministry of
Education; 28 Getty Images; 36 BR ©Digifoto Ruby/Alamy; 38 TR ©Catalin Petolea/Alamy, MR ©Ragnarock/SHUTTERSTOCK; 39 (newspapers)
©i9370/SHUTTERSTOCK, (laptop) ©Sean Locke/ISTOCK; 40 ML ©scibak/ISTOCK, BR ©pjmorley/SHUTTERSTOCK; 41 TR ©pjmorley/SHUTTERSTOCK;
42 amana images inc/Alamy; 46 National Geographic-Getty Images/Getty, Bloomberg via Getty Images/Getty; 48 Grapheast/Getty, Gamma-
Rapho via Getty Images/Getty; 50 TR ©Jurgen Ziewe/SHUTTERSTOCK, BL ©Israel Pabon/SHUTTERSTOCK; 51 TR ©mozzyb/SHUTTERSTOCK; 54
D.Hurst/Alamy, AF archive/Alamy; 55 TL © Science Photo Library/Alamy; 57 GK Hart/Vikki Hart, Pal Teravagimov Photography, PM Images, Digital
Zoo; 58 TR © Rana Faure; 59 TR © Greg Ceo; 60 Winston Link/Alamy, Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy; 62 Michael Ochs Archives/Getty, Moviestore col-
lection Ltd/Alamy, Howard Sayer/Alamy, Moviestore collection Ltd/Alamy; 66 James Quine/Alamy; 68 (car) ©Margo Harrison/SHUTTERSTOCK,
(bottle) © Chromacome, (petals) ©javarman/SHUTTERSTOCK, (towels) ©Ruta Saulyte/Laurinaviciene, (blue background) ©yelena/Shutterstock; 69
Corbis RF-Alamy, Simon Murrell; 72 TR © C Squared Studios; 73 TR ©AFP/Getty; 74 TR © Ayman Aljammaz/Getty; 75 Tengku Mohd Yusof/Alamy,
BILAL QABALAN-AFP-Getty Images/Getty; 76 Elyse Lewin, sot, Jeremy Frechette; 80 Antiques & Collectables/Alamy; 85 BR ©Jack Hollingsworth;
86 TR © PhotoAlto/Alamy; 87 (boy driver) ©Patrick Eckersley/Getty, (old man driver) © Jose Luis Pelaez Inc; 88 TR © graficart.net/Alamy; 89 TL ©
D-BASE; 90 Bill Lyons/Getty; 94 Neil Snape, Flying Colours Ltd, Scott Montgomery; 96 (bicycle) ©SHUTTERSTOCK, (umbrella) ©Robert Spriggs/
SHUTTERSTOCK, (bilingual dictionary) ©Radu Razvan, (cell phone) ©Milos Luzanin/SHUTTERSTOCK, (chocolate bar) ©buruhtan/SHUTTERSTOCK; 97
(map of China) ©Stephen Finn/SHUTTERSTOCK, (map of United States) ©Marilyn Volan, (burrito) ©Bartlomiej Halat/SHUTTERSTOCK, (sushi) ©Sally
Scott/SHUTTERSTOCK, (cell phone) ©jocicalek/SHUTTERSTOCK, (laptop) ©jossnat/SHUTTERSTOCK, (race car driver) ©Dennis Sabo/SHUTTERSTOCK,
(mechanic) ©Diego Cervo/SHUTTERSTOCK; 98 TR ©Image Source/Alamy, arabianEye/Getty, Grapheast/Alamy; 99 M ©Clerkenwell/Getty.
107
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MEGAGOAL 5 Audio Track List
CD1
Track Unit Student Book Section
2 Intro 1 Listen and Discuss
3 Intro 3 Conversation
4 Intro 4 Speaking
5 Unit 1 1 Listen and Discuss
6 Unit 1 4 Conversation
7 Unit 1 5 Listening
8 Unit 1 6 Pronunciation
9 Unit 1 8 Reading
10 Unit 1 10 Writing
15 Unit 2 8 Reading
21 Unit 3 8 Reading
EXPANSION
23 Units 1–3 2 Reading
CD2
6 Unit 4 8 Reading
7 Unit 4 10 Writing
12 Unit 5 8 Reading
18 Unit 6 8 Reading
EXPANSION
20 Units 4–6 2 Reading
108
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Key to Phonetic Symbols
Vowels Consonants
Symbol Sample Word Symbol Sample Word
/iy/ week /b/ bike

/ɪ/ gift /p/ pool
/ɛ/ bed /g/ give
/æ/ bad /k/ car
/α/ father, box /d/ day
/ə/ month, bus /t/ ten
/ɔ/ small, door /z/ zero
/u/ room /s/ son
/ʊ/ book /ʃ/ shoe
/eɪ/ name /dʒ/ just, garage
/aɪ/ line /ʒ/ television
/ɔy/ boy /tʃ/ check
/aʊ/ town /v/ very
/oʊ/ old /f/ fine
/ər/ first /w/ wife
/y/ yard
/h/ here
/ð/ this
/θ/ thousand
/m/ map
/n/ now
/ŋ/ ring
/l/ left
/r/ right
109
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16:05
Photocopiable Activities 5 Answer Key
1 Photocopiable Activities
Exercise 1 Exercise 4
1. another 1. devoted,
2. others 2. grieving
3. other 3. compensate
4. others 4. deficiencies,
5. another 5. invaluable
6. other 6. predators
7. others 7. fearsome
8. another
9. other Exercise 5
10. others/other Answers will vary.
Exercise 2
1. do 2. did 3. did 4. did 5. do
Exercise 3
1. I’ve got another idea that’s a lot better.
2. … to buy another one.
3. … is another one/Arab name
4. …; others have problems as well/too.
5. …, another thing is to make sure you don’t miss any classes.
6. …; I’ve lost other books before.
7. …, others need to print everything before they can read.
8. …, the other flight is due to depart an hour later.
110 Photocopiable Activities 5 Answer Key
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Exercise 1
1. used to 2. used to 3. used to 4. would 5. would,
6. would 7. would 8. would 9. would/used to 10. used to/ would
Answers will vary on paragraph writing.
Exercise 2
1. used to
2. are used to it
3. am used to
4. is used to
5. am used to
6. used to
7. used to
8. am not used to
Exercise 3
1. was going to call
2. were going to meet/ would meet
3. had changed
4. was going to apply
5. heard
6. were going to fly /would fly
7. would
8. were going to drive
Exercise 4
potential sector airline venture stake skill cause prospects
short-haul Q
viable Q Q Q Q
large Q Q Q
high-risk Q Q Q
entrepreneurial Q Q
business Q Q Q Q Q
humanitarian Q Q
career Q Q Q
Sentences will vary.
Exercise 5
1. I used to spend a lot of time with my grandparents.
2. I would have more time to do what I wanted.
3. even busier than I used to be.
4. perfectly capable of looking after myself.
5. were going to spend a few days in New York?
Photocopiable Activities 5 Answer Key 111
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1. By 2020, Robert will have completed his training and gotten Answers will vary. Sample answers:
his certificate. 1. we’ll have lived there for 9 years.
2. By 2022, he’ll have been employed as a commercial pilot. 2. will have finished/ written the whole essay.
3. By 2024, he’ll have gotten married and he’ll have had a child. 3. I will have spent 800 in two hours.
4. By 2025, he’ll have bought a house and he’ll have been flying 4. they will have been driving it for 9 years
for five years. 5. he’ll have been working at the bank for 11 months.
5. By 2029, he’ll have been flying to USA and Japan for four 6. we’ll have been emailing customers for 5 hours.
years.
6. By 2027, he’ll have resigned and started his own business. Exercise 4
7. By 2030, he’ll have expanded his business. 1. lucrative
8. By 2030, he’ll have been running his own business for three 2. estimated
years and will have become a millionaire. 3. steep
4. commonplace
Exercise 2
5. chains
1. will be flying
6. Rigorous
2. ’ll call / get
7. extensively
3. will be sleeping
8. determined
4. ’ll leave / finish
5. will issue/ receive Exercise 5
6. will leave Answers will vary.
7. will / leaves
8. drives or will drive
MG_05_TG_TEXT_2017.indd 212 14/12/16 16:09

1. /so / c. I promise to help you with the assignment so you can 1. phenomenal
submit it tomorrow. 2. altered
2. / so / g. She’s determined to lose weight so she’s going on a 3. delusions
diet.
4. crucial
3. / so OR and/ i. They invested in a high risk sector so/and they
5. confronts
might not make a profit.
6. defects
4. / but / j. The plane was hit by lightning but it landed safely.
7. aspirations
5. / but / b. I asked him for his help but he refuses to speak to
8. deteriorate
me.
6. / or / d. You can edit your paper or ask someone else to edit it. Exercise 4
7. / so/ e. They’ve made us wait every single time, so I am not 1
going to rush to get there early. • adventure and/or action films
8. / but/ f. He likes his new job but he misses the people he • science fiction or animated films
used to work with.
• westerns
9. / but / a. They’re highly skilled professionals but they have
• animated films
very little self-confidence/.
• biopics
10. / so / h. His car broke down in the middle of the desert so he
• documentaries
decided to replace it as soon as possible.
• epics
Exercise 2 Answers will vary for questions 2, 3 and 4.
Answers will vary. Sample answers
1. He is neither clever nor successful, but he is a nice person.
2. She either takes the bus or the metro to get to work.
3. They have neither replied to our email nor made any attempt
to call us.
4. It is not only expensive, it is also very difficult to maintain.
5. Both Fred and Kevin are determined to travel before they go
to college.
6. Neither her friend nor her sister knew about the problem.
7. She has both a computer and an ipad and she is still
unhappy.
8. Both the flight attendants and the pilot sounded quite
stressed.
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7. Now that she has won the writing award she refuses to speak
5 Photocopiable Activities to us.
8. The flight was cancelled because of the weather.
1. since 1. Outlandish
2. even if 2. consumers
3. in order to 3. Unconventional
4. Now that 4. effective
5. because of 5. spontaneously
6. so that 6. second
7. if 7. emotions
8. unless 8. intellect
1. We should call and ask for directions since we don’t know the Answers will vary.
area.
2. You might be late unless you leave home ahead of time./
You’ll be late if you don’t leave home ahead of time.
3. They need to do well on the test if they want to get high
grades.
4. You can’t call people unless you feel like talking to them. / If
you don’t feel like talking to people, you can’t call them.
5. The game will be cancelled if the temperature drops below
zero. / The game won’t be cancelled unless the temperature
drops below zero.
6. I’ll let you have my cell phone if you need it./ I won’t let you
have my cell phone unless you need it.
7. We’ll go on a picnic unless it’s too hot. / We won’t go on a
picnic if it’s too hot.
8. I’ll put the books away unless you need them. / If you don’t
need the books, I’ll put them away.
Exercise 3
1. Unless you are careful, you’ll make mistakes.
2. Whenever I think of winter, I remember the winter Olympics
in Norway.
3. I’ve not been able to find my ring; I’ve searched everywhere
you can think of.
4. There will still be a lot of people standing even if you give up
your seat.
5. It’s impossible to get into the archives unless you know the
right people.
6. They’ll offer him a job on a trial basis only if he is willing to
work hard.
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1. We’ve stopped receiving letters./ We stopped receiving 1. haven’t
letters. 2. do
2. We had been driving for at least three hours, so we stopped 3. didn’t
to have lunch.
4. don’t
3. I tried reaching her but failed/ didn’t manage to/ I tried
5. isn’t
getting in touch with her but couldn’t reach her.
6. do
4. I can’t remember paying for the sandwiches.
7. don’t
5. I regret inviting him.
8. aren’t
6. Remember to water the plants while I’m away.
7. We’ve stopped watching television; we use our computers Exercise 4
instead. 1. tedious
8. He’s forgotten calling/ He forgot calling yesterday. / He forgot 2. temperament
having called yesterday. 3. stereotype
Exercise 2 4. capacity
5. anxiety
1. The window pane needs to be replaced.
6. restless
2. Being told how to do things all the time can be demoralizing.
7. intensity
3. I remember being helped (to get up) after the fall.
8. convey
4. The computer should be upgraded.
Sentences will vary.
5. They expect to be paid by the end of the month.
6. The books must be placed on the shelves. Exercise 8
7. The air-conditioning units need to be checked regularly. Answers (students own answers) can vary.
8. He expects to be driven everywhere.. 1. True according to the text. See paragraph 3.
2. True according to the text. See paragraph 4.
MG_05_TG_TEXT_2017.indd 215 14/12/16 16:09

WORKBOOK 5 Answer Key
Page 4
1 Two is Better Than One G
Page 1 Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. A: Would you like another cookie?
A B: No, thanks.
1. legendary 4. unification 7. grieving A: Don’t you like them?
2. devoted 5. fled B: I do like them, but I’m full!
3. independence 6. laboratory 2. A: I can’t believe you didn’t do the homework for class today!
B: I did do it, but I couldn’t find it.
B A: Where do you think you left it?
1. unification 4. compensate 7. predators B: Probably in my other bag.
2. legendary 5. grieving 3. A: OK, guys, you must not want to win!
3. fled 6. exiled B: We do want to win, Coach!
A: Well then, you had better get another touchdown!
Page 2
H
C
1. divide up 4. not my cup of tea
1. pronoun 4. adjective 7. adjective
2. adjective 5. adjective 8. pronoun 2. I think it would be fair 5. No sweat
3. pronoun 6. pronoun 3. Would you be willing to 6. on the same wavelength
D Page 5
1. another, another 4. other I
2. another, others 5. another 1. false 3. false
3. other, another 6. others 2. false 4. true
Page 3 Page 6
E J
1. He does eat shrimp. 1. Because they feel that there cannot be clear boundaries
2. It did rain in New York yesterday. between friendship and work, and things can go wrong if
3. I do feel sick. there is disagreement.
4. They did come to school last week. 2. Because there is a real relationship and a sense of loyalty and
5. Susan does live in Los Angeles. willingness to share.
6. You do need to come with me. 3. Self-confidence, an awareness of one’s strengths and
7. The little bird did follow us home. weaknesses as well as feeling of confidence about abilities.
8. We do have that game. 4. You should discuss responsibilities beforehand, agree on
9. They do like to take expensive vacations. details and put everything on paper. Also you need to find
10.
Fahd does work very hard. out if your friends respect you as much as you respect them.
5. Answers will vary.
F
Page 7
1. I do did go to school yesterday.
2. These jeans are uncomfortable. I think I’ll wear other others. K
3. Faisal is going to the party with others other people.
Answer will vary. Sample answer:
4. Bob does wants want to eat dinner with us.
0ther: shows industrial city and industrial plants, other cities are
5. I think I’ll buy another books book. This one is boring. not as polluted as this,
6. This ball is bad. Do you have anothers another? others: most people probably work in factories, others work in
7. She do does have a class right now. offices and shops nearby
8. Some people agree with me. Other Others don’t. another: most are factory workers, difficult to find another job
9. They did went go to the game last night. each other: densely populated, people live very close to each
10. Did Asma get another computers computer? She already other
had two!
116 WORKBOOK 5 Answer Key
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1. Industrial plants make this city very polluted. Other cities are O
not as polluted as this.
2. Most local people probably work at the factories. Others 1. extremely 7. absolutely
probably work in shops and offices nearby. 2. really 8. quite/really
3. It is difficult to find another kind of job in a city like this one. 3. absolutely 9. very/quite
4. extremely 10. really
Page 8
5. quite 11. absolutely
L 6. quite/extremely
Answer will vary. P
Page 9 Students' own answers
M
1. are setting up 14. Do you believe
2. are trying 15. helps 2 Rags to Riches
3. are waiting 16. have
4. they are 17. spend Page 11
5. are 18. is constantly interrupting A
6. are things going 19. am speaking
1. d 3. a 5. b 7. e
7. Is the business 20. opens 2. g 4. h 6. c 8. f
8. is 21. arrives
9. have 22. do you have
B
10.
assists 23. are thinking Answers will vary.
11. you go 24. appears
Page 12
12. is 25. requires
13. seems 26. is C
Page 10 1. used to 6. would / used to
2. would / used to 7. is used to
N 3. used to 8. wouldn’t / didn’t use to
Archaeological 4. was used to 9. would / used to
history jewelry 5. would / used to 10. am used to
culture exhibitions
antiques ruins D
pottery Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. live in London 6. sandstorms
Technological
2. waking up early 7. give us candy as prizes
space
robots 3. buy everything at 8. long classes
science the market 9. go to sleep without
seminars 4. walking to work a nightlight
3-D digital cinema for scientific documentaries 5. have paved roads 60 10.
drive a car
years ago
educational books
Page 13
National
antiques E
manuscripts
documents
1. A: What did you buy at the store?
state-of-the-art
B: Bread and cheese.
informative exhibits A: I thought we were going to have chicken for dinner.
interactive displays B: We were, but I changed my mind.
WORKBOOK 5 Answer Key 117
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2. A: Where are you?

Step 3 get a get a get a
B: Still at home.
scholarship to scholarship scholarship
A: I thought you were going to come over.
study in the to play on a to the
B: I was going to call you. I don’t feel well.
U.S. university National
3. A: What did you get on the pizza?
team Sports
B: Vegetables.
Academy
A: I thought we were going to have pepperoni.
B: Sorry. The vegetables taste better! Page 16
4. A: How did you get here?
B: I was going to walk, but then it started raining, so I took I
the bus. 1. fireman
A: Oh. I was going to give you a ride, but you didn’t answer 2. blazing
your phone. 3. put out
B: You called me? I didn’t hear my phone! 4. obsessed
5. amazing
Page 14
6. lay my hands on
F 7. industrial design
1. I would used to know her name, but now I can’t remember it. 8. win me over
2. They are used to live living in a small place. 9. explicable
3. I were was going to call her, but she called me first. 10.
change of heart
4. They aren’t use used to the cold weather, because they come 11.
come to this decision
from a warm climate. 12.
acclaim
5. When he was a child, he would studies study very hard.
6. Bill has lost a lot of weight. He didn’t used use to be thin. 1.
7. I knew the radio wasn’t going to work. a. At three he wanted to be a fireman.
b. Between the ages of four and six he kept changing his mind
G and going from wanting to become a farmer to wanting to
1. drives me crazy become a pilot and then back to becoming a fireman.
2. go around in circles c. At seven his mind was set on becoming an astronaut and a
3. cash space scientist.
4. don’t mind d. At seventeen he chose to become an industrial designer.
5. got cold feet 2. Because he had spent years, up to that point being obsessed
6. put it aside for a rainy day by space and everyone expected him to pursue a related
career. So they were worried that someone might have
Page 15 discouraged him from pursuing his life’s dream.
H Page 17
Answers will vary. Sample answers: J
Ali Yusef Eun Answers will vary. Sample answers:
Goal to become a to play on to become Action words (verbs): sitting, reading aloud, telling about,
doctor in the the Somali a football laughing, smiling, studying, sitting, texting, watching,
U.S. National player concentrating, comparing, holding, dictating, abbreviating.
1. The two young men were going to call some of their friends
Basketball
when they decided that it would be better to text them.
team
2. One of them used to write long emails but avoided texting
Step 1 study hard save money practice while the other one is quite used to texting people, so he can
to buy shoes everyday abbreviate very quickly and effectively.
Step 2 learn English play on try to join 3. When they were boys, they didn't have smartphones and
they would write their friends letters instead.
Somali Youth the Seoul
Basketball Junior Page 18
League Football
League K
Answers will vary.
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Page 19
L
1. My cousin has bought a house in Riyadh. Page 21
2. Samir has begun to study economics at college.
3. We have been shopping at the mall.
A
4. My parents have lived in Mecca for all their lives. 1. circuits 4. rank 7. sanitation
2. span 5. determined
M 3. condensed 6. expectancy
1. He has used his new laptop since Monday. ; He has used his
new laptop for four days. B
2. They have studied English since sixth grade.; They have 1. circuits 4. condensed 7. extensively
studied English for three years. 2. sanitation 5. determined
3. They have had/owned their restaurant since I was three years 3. rank 6. expectancy
old.; They have had/owned their restaurant for thirteen years.
Page 22
N
C
1. How long have they lived in Jeddah?
2. How long has she worked in this school? 1. 1st / 2nd 4. 1st / 2nd 7. 2nd / 1st
3. How long has Omar owned the supermarket? 2. 2nd / 1st 5. 2nd / 1st 8. 2nd / 1st
4. How long has Tariq been a taxi driver? 3. 2nd / 1st 6. 1st / 2nd 9. 1st / 2nd
5. How long have you studied English? D
Page 20 1. will have released 6. will have been waiting
2. will have turned 7. will have ended
O
3. will have gone 8. will have finished
1. ever 3. twice 5. already
4. will have been working 9. will have become
2. so far 4. yet 6. recently
5. will have gone 10. will have been living
P
Page 23
1. We have made a donation to charity. ; We made a donation
to charity last Friday morning. E
2. Frank and James have gone sightseeing in China. ; They went Answers will vary. Sample answers:
sightseeing during his vacation in 2012
1. when / after / since 4. while / after
3. I have bought many books online. ; I bought several many
books online this past year. 2. When 5. until
4. Our teacher, Mr. Simpson, has studied Arabic at evening 3. since 6. Before / When
classes. He studied Arabic at evening classes five years ago.
F
Q Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. Have you ever made a donation to charity?; When did you 1. By the time space travel becomes affordable, I will have
make a donation to charity? gotten too old to go!
2. Have Frank and James ever gone sightseeing in China?; 2. He will turn off his computer after he’s done working.
When did they go sightseeing in China? 3. By 2030, they will have replaced smartphones with
3. Have you ever bought books online?; When did you buy something even better.
books online? 4. They have just started building the new city rail network. By
4. Has your teacher, Mr. Simpson, ever studied Arabic?; When 2030, it will have been in use for at least 5 years.
did he study Arabic? 5. The Olympics will have gone all around the world by the end
of the century.
6. By 2020 newspapers will have all gone online and stopped
printing.
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Page 24 Page 28
G M
1. we will have finished unit 4 Answers will vary.
2. will have assigned us homework
Page 29
3. will have finished this exercise
4. I move to the next level N
5. I will have started my studies 1. Do your parents both speak English?; Yes, they do.
6. my parents will have bought me a new computer 2. Does the hotel have its own website?; No, it doesn’t.
7. by 11 p.m. 3. Do you and your brother go to the same school?; No, we
8. I will have gone home don’t.
9. I will be very happy 4. Does the restaurant offer free a Wi-Fi connection?; Yes, it does.
10.
by the time I have grandchildren 5. Do you usually communicate with your friends by email?; Yes,
I do.
H
1. check out 4. trust me on this O
2. lugging 5. ditch 1. d 3. a 5. c
3. go with the flow 6. hoopla 2. f 4. b 6. e
Page 25 P
I Students’ own answers
1. false 3. false 5. false Page 30

2. true 4. false 6. true
Q
Page 26
J 1
M
2
E T E O R
3
G A S
1. will have reached/ will reach 4
C R S
2. will be spent/ will have been spent 5 6
3. will have become/ will become L A U N C H L A N D O
4. will be attending I V L
5. will be using 7
S P A C E S T A T I O N A
K
S T R
1. He will have been taking exams online for 6 years. 8 9
2. He will have been accessing libraries online for all his T E C H N O L O G Y S
assignments. R Y
3. He will have been ordering books online for all his subjects. 10
4. He will have graduated from high school. S B S
11
5. He will have completed two years of his university course. T I V T
6. He will have spent 18 years wheelchair-bound. 12
A A T M O S P H E R E
7. He will have learnt a lot.
8. He will have almost completed his studies. R L M
13
Page 27 S P A C E C R A F T
L A
14
A S T R O N A U T
Answers will vary.
Action words (verbs): invent new forms of transport, fly a car, O
achieve high speeds, save space, avoid traffic jams,
1. By 2040, we will have invented new forms of transport.
2. By 2040, we will have been flying cars for a decade or more.
3. By 2040, we will have solved the problem of traffic
congestion on the roads.
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8.
Hannah was going to study Spanish, but she
EXPANSION Units 1-3 studied Japanese.
F
Page 31
1. we will have driven 200 miles.
A 2. will have lived there for fifteen years
Across Down 3. he will have been working there for ten years
1. rigorous 2. grieving 4. he will have been studying for five hours
3. invaluable 4. fled 5. I will have known her for a year
6. he will have played chess for 20 years
6. simultaneous 5. lucrative
7. She will have been cooking for an hour and a half
7. ditch 8. cash
8. they will have been waiting for 30 minutes
9. struggles 9. span
12. prominent 10. get cold feet Page 34
13. condensed 11. no sweat G
14. devoted
_5__
15. excelled
_2__
Page 32 _6__
_3__
B _1__
1. another, another, others 3. another, other, others _4__
2. another, another, other
Page 35
C H
1. Nina does have an iPhone.
2. I do like surfing the internet.
Noun: colleagues, associates, businessmen, representatives,
3. My brother did get a new TV.
managers, participants, decision, discussion, argument,
4. We do have a digital camera. justification, pen, paper, notes, ghotra, thobe, smile, proposal,
5. I did feel sick yesterday. suggestion, praise, news, announcement
6. Jack does work for the government. Verb: talk, discuss, argue, agree, disagree, propose, suggest,
explain, convince, present, congratulate, announce, ask,
D
clarify, express, hear, look, point to, point out
1. are used to dealing 4. would type / used to type Place: office, headquarters, meeting room, conference
2. didn’t use to have 5. used to get / would get room, company premises, countries, globe, conference, sales
3. am used to working 6. am not used to speaking conference, research and development
Time: recently, now, a few days/weeks ago, always, every
Page 33 year, annual.
1. The agenda of the meeting was posted on the Sales
E Department board early in the morning.
Answers will vary. Sample answers: 2. The Sales Manager presented the results of the last
1.
Amina was going to call you, but she got sick. quarter on the board, during the meeting.
2.
I was going to buy her a present, but I didn’t have 3. The participants discussed the department’s performance
the money. at the meeting and asked to have a longer planning
3.
Hussain was going to visit his grandparents, but he had to meeting somewhere else, over a weekend
work. Page 36
4.
They were going to take the class, but they didn’t
have time. I
5.
We were going to cook dinner, but we ordered from a
restaurant instead.
Answers will vary.
6.
Farah was going to buy a new computer, but she got her
old one fixed.
7.
Sean was going to find a new apartment, but he bought
a house.
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F
4 The World of TV Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. We tried to get away, but the pirates caught us.
Page 37
2. Both the house and the garage were ruined.
A 3. It was a beautiful day, so the princess went out for a walk.
1. c 3. a 5. b 7. f 4. Both the lion and the zebra live in Africa.
2. h 4. g 6. d 5. The bad guy was getting away with the money, but
SuperDude was faster and stronger.
B
Page 40
G
1. alteration alter altered X
2. animation animate animated animatedly Answers will vary. Sample answers:
3. defect X defective defectively 1. she watched TV
2. another is planning to be a doctor
4. prominence X prominent prominently
3. they scare me
5. prestige X prestigious X
4. he still failed the test
6. capture capture X X
5. we left and went to a restaurant
7. rescuer rescue X X
6. I went to work anyway
7. we could just stay home
8. I didn’t like it
Page 38
H
C
1. terrible 3. dozed off 5. a dime a dozen
Answers will vary. Sample answers: 2. You must be joking 4. just 6. hard to swallow
1. That film was neither interesting nor funny.
2. Either we’ll watch a documentary or we’ll watch the news Page 41
tonight.
I
3. Marlin and Dory are characters in the animated film.
4. I was neither tired nor hungry. 1. b 3. c 5. a
5. The detective is not only brave, but also intelligent. 2. c 4. b 6. b
6. It is not only my favorite biographical film, but also my
favorite book. Page 42
7. Either the hero or the villain will win in the end. J
8. The football game was both boring and disappointing.
D 1 Decide on a topic
1. yet/but 4. yet/but 7. or 10. so Choose the theme/topic of your film. You might want to base it
on a book that you have read or real life.
2. or 5. so 8. yet/but
5 Find a location
3. and 6. yet/but 9. and
Choose a place and decide on the time to film. Home movies
Page 39 can be more spontaneous but you need to get organized if you
choose a different location.
E 3 Write the script.
The script can be written like a play script. But it should indicate
1. I think the most exciting movie is either Star Wars nor or E.T..
each scene, the characters involved and their actions, the
2. Both my mother and my father likes like adventure movies.
settings/location and change of scene.
3. He loved the movie, so he went to see it again.
7 Film your scenes.
4. Not only are my grandparents going, but also my aunt are is
The shots of the film can be taken from different angles.
going.
Professional filmmakers use wide, medium and close up shots.
5. In the end the hero saved the city, but and he got the money. They can then be edited at a later stage.
6. Neither John nor his parents plans plan to go to graduation. 2 Decide on a situation or plot.
7. The documentary was not only popular, and but also it won Choose a situation/story that you know and are enthusiastic
an award. about. This will help make a film that will attract your audience
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4 Make a storyboard and a scene list. P

This way every shot will be planned and people will know what
they have to do in each scene. Students’ own answers
6 Check your equipment. Page 46
Make sure your equipment is in working order and that you
have all the cables and additional parts you need in addition to a Q
camera and tripod, microphones, lighting equipment and spare
discs. Irregular Comparative Superlative
8 Edit your documentary on your computer. Adjective
Check the scenes that you have shot and cut out the boring good better the best
and less successful scenes. When you come across an important
bad worse the worst
scene show it from different angles in order to supply more
information and/or detail for the audience. well better the best
far farther/further the farthest/the furthest
K
old older/elder the oldest/the eldest
Answers will vary.
R
Page 43 1. closer 7. the most thrilling, the worst
L 2. (the) furthest/farthest 8. greater, the most impressive
3. smaller 9. better, the most favorable
Answers will vary. Sample answer: 4. the eldest/oldest 10. bigger, more poisonous
Words about the picture: students, library, last, second, third, 5. better 11. largest, the greatest
books, papers, study, shelves, cabinets, leather bound books, 6. hotter, icier 12. most celebrated, more
large, hall, magazine, journal, computer, research, look up… eager
1. Both students seem completely absorbed in work.
2. They are not only hard working but also very creative.
3. They haven't noticed the photographer that is taking their
photo. 5 Do You Really Need It?
Page 44
Page 47
M
A
Answers will vary.
1. brand 3. revolutionary 5. sophisticated 7. formula
Page 45 2. admire 4. exclusive 6. intended
N B
1. Science fiction stories are (just) as easy to follow as detective Answers will vary. Sample answers:
stories. 1.
My sister is very sophisticated. She lives in a beautiful house,
2. Ahmed is as talented at writing as his friend Oscar. always wears stylish clothes, and eats gourmet food.
3. A TV antenna isn’t as/so difficult to tune in as a satellite dish. 2.
My favorite brand of clothes is GAP. My favorite brand of
4. The Ritz restaurant is (just) as prestigious as the Lime Tree. shampoo is Aveda.
5. The plot of the sequel is not as intriguing as the original film’s 3.
I admire my father most. He is intelligent, works hard, and has
plot. a kind heart.
4.
Most cartoons are intended for children, but some are
O intended for adults.
1. best 8. most hilarious 5.
Answers will vary.
2. funniest 9. less talented 6.
A formula is a method that we use to solve problems, or
3. stupidest 10. more popular have success in something.
4. bad 11. more frequent
5. better 12. stronger
Page 48
6. most boring 13. cleverer / more clever C
7. realistic 14. less similar
1.
They used Roger Federer as their spokesperson because he’s
famous. (Reason)
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2. Wherever we go, we are surrounded by advertising. (Place) 6. Even if he hurries, he will still be late.
3. I bought the face cream since it will help my skin look better. 7. We put the milk in the refrigerator now so that it won’t spoil.
(Purpose) 8. Now that I have a cell phone, I can call my friends anytime.
4. If you have a good advertisement, people will buy your
product. (Condition) H
5. They are planning to sell the juice everywhere they can. 1. broke
(Place) 2. maxed out
6. The company made a commercial in order to sell their new 3. blows
product. (Purpose) 4. beat it
7. I’m going to buy it at the store unless I can get a better price
online. (Condition) Page 51
8. Now that the Internet exists, I never go to the mall. (Reason) I
D 1. false Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. because 5. since 2. true 6. bring out
2. to 6. even if 3. false 7. disastrous
3. If 7. Everywhere 4. true 8. foolish mistakes
4. so that 8. now that 5. true 9. warning stories
Page 49 10.
joke
E Page 52
Answers will vary. Sample answers: J
1. I sometimes shop online to get a better deal. 1. launched 7. chopping
2. I look for good prices wherever I go. 2. window display 8. sliding
3. I don’t like shopping because it takes too much time. 3. hired 9. revealed
4. If I stay at the mall for a long time, I feel sick. 4. were delivered 10. bystanders
5. My parents buy me everything since I’m still young. 5. oblivious 11. mixed reviews
6. Everywhere you look there are advertisements. 6. fully equipped 12. stir
7. My favorite place to shop is Food Mart now that they sell Answers will vary for questions 1, 2 and 3.
organic foods.
8. I don’t listen to commercials so that I can form my own Page 53
opinions.
K
F Answers will vary. Sample answers:
Words about the picture: supermarket shelves, loaded,
laden, packaged goods, processed food, tinned food, preserves,
1. If you want big strawberry flavor, you should try our
packets of pasta, corn, pasta, olives, tomato paste, tomato
strawberry blast.
sauce, ketchup, lentils, beans, rice, fish, lighting, price tags, aisle,
2. You can have redder lips wherever you are.
higher, lower, middle, reach, spot, meet the eye, selection, wide
3. Since the world is big, we bring you a way to stay connected. selection, assortment, grouped, placed strategically, bottled oil,
4. It goes everywhere you need to go. condiments, customer, buyer, consumer, health, healthy eating,
5. Designed with your body’s needs in mind because they are shopper …
designed for you. 1. Large supermarkets offer a very wide selection of goods in
6. Go on. Try them unless you’re scared you won’t stop! order to attract different customers.
2. Unless goods are categorized, and placed along especially
Page 50 designated aisles it is very difficult for shoppers to find their
G way around the place.
3. Because of the current interest in healthy eating, more and
Answers will vary. Sample answers: more consumers avoid processed food and opt for fresh
1. Because it was late, we were tired. ingredients.
2. I’m bringing an umbrella in case we need it.
3. He put on his glasses unless so that he could see. Page 54
4. Where I live, it it’s hot. L
5. They are creating new ads in order to sell their products in Asia.
Answers will vary.
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Page 55 Page 58
M C
1. buy, will be, don’t have, will need to 1. to check 4. to take 7. living 10. raising
2. rains, won’t be, is, will practice 2. buying 5. calling/to call 8. to get
3. drops, changes, stays, doesn’t freeze 3. eating 6. to inform 9. to go
4. decides, will move, will be, makes
5. drop, falls, drop, floats
D
6. gets, will impress, shows off, won’t hang out Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. I don’t like being told to do my homework.
N
2. My grandfather remembers gifts being given to him
1. rather 3. prefer when he was a child.
2. study 4. to spend 3. He wants to be given the answer.
4. Sheila wants to be helped by her mother.
O
5. Babies like being talked to.
Students’ own answers 6. The cat wants to be fed by its owner.
Page 56 Page 59
P E
Shopping Mall Small Stores Online Shopping Answers will vary. Sample answers:
wide range of friendly service convenient 1. to do my homework
products 2. spending time with my grandfather
3. not applying for that job
discounts neighborhood door-to-door delivery
4. to have breakfast this morning
food courts helpful staff fast 5. to get an A
entertainment appealing wide range of 6. understood
atmosphere products 7. showered with attention
luxury convenient location pay by card 8. interrupted when I’m talking
Q F
1. unless Answers will vary. Sample answers:
2. Unless 1. My brother doesn't like talking about work, and neither does
3. When my father.
4. unless 2. I don’t like arguing, and neither does she.
5. when 3. Sabah is in high school, and Hanan is too.
6. unless 4. Jody doesn’t like to cook, but Gwen does.
5. Tom doesn’t have a job, but his brother does.
R
6. We're not going on a trip, and they aren't either.
Students’ own answers 7. He’s not old enough to travel on his own, but his brother is.
8. Our classmates don't enjoy the activity, but we do.
Page 60
6 The Gender Divide G
Page 57 1. to check
2. leaving
A 3. buying
1. anxiety 3. gender 5. restless 7. capacity 4. to think
2. stereotype 4. tedious 6. temperament 8. repetitive 5. to reach
6. being told
B 7. being told off
1. tedious 3. anxiety 5. repetitive 7. gender 8. not to speak
2. restless 4. intensity 6. stereotype 8. temperament 9. to do
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H 10. has just finished

11. have spent
1. I know something for a very long time I agree with you
12. have been planning
2. Answers will vary
13. have written
3. Answers will vary
14. haven’t got
Page 61 15. has been waiting
16. have been talking
I
1. One view attributes climate changes to a natural evolutionary
N
process and the other points the need to eliminate all the Students’ own answers
destructive factors which destroy Earth.
2. Mainly industries, scientists and environmentalists Page 66
3. There were environmental changes in the past that had not
O
been caused by human intervention.
4. The destruction of the rain forests, the depletion of oxygen, 1. writer, bookworm
the holes in the ozone layer 2. keep, club
5. Answers will vary. 3. at, awards
4. by, poetry
Page 62 5. in, stories
J P
Answers will vary. (Students’ own answers) 1. enjoyment
2. happiness
Page 63
3. satisfaction
K 4. educational
5. knowledge
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
6. competitions
Words about the picture: students, young men, casual clothes,
dressed casually, T-shirt, jacket, smiling, grinning, different Q
nationalities, rock, cave, light, team, research, postgraduate,
graduate, sunglasses, paper, happy, pose… 1. d 3. g 5. e 7. a
1. They tried looking serious but it didn’t work because they 2. c 4. h 6. f 8. b
always manage to have fun with whatever they do. R
2. They hope to be rewarded for all the work they put into their
research and presentation. Students’ own answers
3. They don’t regret sharing findings with each other , because
they firmly believe in sharing ideas and information in order
to discover something worthwhile.
Page 64
EXPANSION Units 4-6
L Page 67
Answers will vary. . A
1. l 7. d
Page 65
2. i 8. a
M 3. k 9. h
1. haven’t seen 4. b 10. j
2. have you been 5. g 11. c
3. Has it been 6. e 12. f
4. have you been doing
5. have been teaching B
6. have got
Answers will vary.
7. have you been working
8. have been
9. has she made
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Page 68 H
C Answers will vary. Sample answer
1. He not only worries a lot, but he also tries to avoid conflict. Convey – meaning; message; information; feelings; ideas;
2. Neither Ben nor Scott like to play football. a request
3. Both Betty and Tara like to talk about their feelings. Witness – an event; incident; happening; accident;
4. They will either have pizza or pasta. They don’t know yet. mistake; move; act; action; attempt; operation
5. Madison likes to speak in both formal and informal situations. Outlandish- idea; behavior; development; reaction;
6. Not only can sea turtles swim underwater, but sea turtles can
suggestion; option; appearance; creation; design
also live to be very old.
7. Men neither like to do tedious tasks nor talk about Untimely –response; invitation; move; suggestion;
their feelings. gesture; comment; idea; development; decision
8. The meal can be either served with rice or salad. Brand – new; expensive; well-known; cheap; expensive;
stylish; widely advertized; international; local
D
Page 71
1. I take my cell phone wherever I go. I
2. You should call 917 only if there is an emergency.
Answers will vary. Sample answer
3. I am studying English so that I can study in the U.S.
4. We don’t have school on September 23rd because it's a Action words (verbs): mark, kick, take, score a goal, win,
National Day. trick, hang on, keep, lose, blink, play, run
5. I have an umbrella in case it rains. 1. There’s no way he’s going to take the ball away from me.
6. You can find a place to use the Internet everywhere 2. I’ll show him how good I am; I’ll trick him into thinking I’ve
you go. lost the ball and then run with it.
3. I’m bigger and stronger than him; I’ll score before he can
Page 69 blink.
E Page 72
1. talking
J
2. to buy
3. turning Answers will vary.
4. to tell
5. paying
6. to have
7. seeing
8. watching
F
1. The BMX is sophisticated, but my old car isn’t.
2. This packaging doesn’t look good, and the advertisement
doesn’t either.
3. The commercial is good, and the slogan is too.
4. The uniforms aren’t new, but the sneakers are.
5. China sells the car, and Mexico does too.
6. The spokesperson is a scientist, but the sponsor isn’t.
7. Endorsements are a way to advertise, and the Bandwagon
Techniques are too.
8. The commercial isn’t funny, and the billboard isn’t either.
Page 70
G
Answers will vary.
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Unit Photocopiable Activities
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences with other, another, or others.
1. I’ve already had a burger, and I’m about to get another one.
2. I know you and your friends are determined to go, but ____________ aren’t.
3. You’d better think of ____________ alternatives; there is no way we can fly there.
4. We really need to get going if we don’t want to be late. Are the ____________ coming?
5. I was comfortable and well looked after during the flight, but ____________ passenger kept on
complaining about the seats and the food; he was really unhappy.
6. Our group finished on time, but ____________ students took a lot longer completing all the answers.
7. Some people are in favor of e-learning, but ____________ are skeptical about it.
8. These are delicious cookies, I might as well have ____________.
9. Don’t watch TV all day. There are ____________ things to do.
10. The teacher said we have ____________ assignment to hand in next week, but I still haven’t finished
the ____________!
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with emphatic do, does, or did.
A: You never help me with my homework.
B: That’s not true. I (1) do help you whenever you ask me.
A: Oh, yeah? Well, why didn’t you return my call yesterday?
B: I (2) ______ call, and your mother said you were sleeping.
A: When was that?
B: At about 9:00 pm, when I finished writing my essay.
A: You see? You (3) ______ write your own essay. What about me?
B: What about you? You were in class; you must have heard what the teacher said.
A: f course, I did but I wasn’t sure about the topic, and I (4) ______ say I would call you later. Friends are
O
supposed to help each other.
B: And we (5) ______ help and stand by each other, most of the time. Don’t we?
Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use other, others, or another.
1. Don’t worry! All is not lost; I’ve got another idea that’s a lot better!
2. My computer won’t download any files, so I need ______________________________________________.
3. Fahd is an Arab name, and Saeed ___________________________________________________________.
4. We’re not the only ones who’ve got a problem; ________________________________________________.
5. One thing you should do is spend more time studying, and _____________________________________.
6. That is not the only book I lost; ____________________________________________________________.
7. Some people enjoy reading on screen, while ________________________________________________.
8. This flight is scheduled to depart in two hours, and _____________________________________________.
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Exercise 4
Fill in each blank with the appropriate word.
deficiencies devoted invaluable grieving compensate predators fearsome
A. A
n elderly couple used to live in the building across from ours. They were obviously
(1) devoted to each other. One day, they were not on their balcony having coffee at their usual
time. We found out that the old gentleman had passed on. The lady appeared a few days later,
with two cups of coffee and cookies and laid them on the table. She then took her usual place
and put one of the cups on her husband’s side. She did this every day. It was her way of
(2) __________ his death.
B. Symbiotic pairs of animals (3) __________ for each other’s (4) __________ in an admirable
manner. They might look very odd together, but they offer each other (5) __________ help and
benefits. Ostriches look out for (6) __________ while zebras drink at a water hole. Clownfish lure
fish for the anemone to eat. Very often the most (7) __________ animals surprise you with their
behavior; like the lion that was rescued and raised by humans, then released in the wild, and
upon seeing them years later was as happy as a cub.
Exercise 5
Answer the questions. Compare answers in class or exchange and read each other’s answers.
1. Are there predators in the desert? What do you know about them?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Are there symbiotic pairs of animals in the desert? Explain how they support each other.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. How would you define a symbiotic relationship?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Can people compensate for their weaknesses independently of others? Why? Why not?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. How might someone compensate for impaired vision?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. What are your strengths as a learner/student?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. What are your weaknesses as a learner/student?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
8. What do you do to compensate for your weaknesses?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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Grammar and Vocabulary Review
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with would or used to.
When Jeffrey was a child he used to spend a lot of time on his grandfather’s farm. His grandfather (1) used to
take him along wherever he went, so Jeffrey learned a lot about farming. It was a 25,000 acre farm, so there
was quite a lot to do with crops and animals.
They (2) ________ start off early in the morning to do all the chores that needed to be done. Jeffrey
(3) ________ carry the milk buckets to the stable for his grandfather. He (4) would then sit quietly and watch.
As he watched, he (5) ________ sometimes fall asleep and start dreaming. He (6) ________ dream of himself
all grown up, standing in the yard of his own farm. There (7) ________ be all kinds of animals, including an
elephant. An elephant on a farm?
He (8) ________ usually wake up as his grandfather finished milking the cows and pretend he had been
awake all along. His grandfather was used to it, so he (9) ________ chuckle and then take a smaller bucket
with milk and head for the kitchen. Jeffrey (10) ________ run behind him, trying to keep up with his stomach
growling, looking forward to a big breakfast.
Now write a similar paragraph about your childhood.

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences with used to or be used to.
1. They used to live in the center of town, but as it got busier and noisier they moved to the country
two years ago.
2. They have to drive for an hour to get to work in the morning, but they __________ it, so they don’t mind.
3. I __________ working long hours on weekdays, so I can take the weekend off.
4. Saeed __________ seeing his family every weekend. He works in another town.
5. I __________ calling my best friend every evening to talk about things, so I don’t like it when I can’t get
through.
6. He __________ drive everywhere until the doctor advised him to walk as much as possible if he wanted to
be healthy.
7. We only drink herbal tea now, but in the past we __________ drink a lot of coffee.
8. I __________ having fish every day. That’s the reason I got sick.
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Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with was/were going to + base verb (future in the past) or would + base verb or
had + past participle (past perfect).
1. She said she (1) was going to call (call), but she never did.
2. I thought we (2) ___________________ (meet) at the mall. I didn’t know plans
(3) ___________________ (change).
3. He (4) ___________________ (apply) for the job, but then he (5) ___________________ (hear)
about another position that was being advertised.
4. I assumed that they (6) ___________________ (fly) to Dubai, so I thought
(7) ___________________ (be) there in time for the reception, but I was wrong. Apparently,
they (8) ___________________ (drive) but hadn’t bothered to tell anyone.
Exercise 4
Match the words to form collocations. Tick the items that can be combined.
potential sector airline venture stake skill cause prospects

short-haul q
viable
large
high-risk
enterpreneurial
business
humanitarian
career
Choose some of the items and write sentences.
Short-haul airlines tend to have smaller planes and use cheaper terminals.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 5
Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas.
1. When I was a child, I used to spend a lot of time with my grandparents.
2. I thought that in the future _____________________________________________________.
3. I didn’t think it was possible, but I am actually _______________________________________.
4. Don’t worry about me, I’m ______________________________________________________.
5. Didn’t they say that they _______________________________________________________.
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Exercise 1
Read the plan and complete the sentences using future perfect or future perfect progressive.
Now He’s training as a pilot. He’s learning about planes / how to fly.
2020 His training will be over. He is going to get his certificate.
2021 He’ll get a job as a commercial pilot.
2022 He’ll get married.
2023 He’ll have a child.
2024 He’ll buy a house.
2025 He’ll start flying to USA and Japan.
2026 He’ll resign and start his own business.
2027 His business will expand.
2030 He’ll be a billionaire.
1. By 2020, Robert will have completed his training and gotten his certificate.
2. By 2022, he’ll have been _________________________________________________________________.
3. By 2024, he’ll __________________________________________________________________________,
and he’ll have _________________________________________________________________________.
4. ____________________________________________________________________________________.
5. ____________________________________________________________________________________.
6. ____________________________________________________________________________________.
7. ____________________________________________________________________________________.
8. ____________________________________________________________________________________.
Exercise2
Use the verb in parentheses in the correct present or future form to complete the sentences.
1. Our flight leaves at 5 am; at 7 am, we will be flying (fly) over Jordan.
2. I ________________________(call) you as soon as I ________________________ (get) home.
3. Don’t call them after 10 pm; they ________________________ (sleep).
4. I ________________________ (leave) the office, when I ________________________ (finish) the report.
5. They ________________________ (issue) the ticket after they ________________________ (receive) the
money.
6. I ________________________ (leave) in about 5 minutes; is there anything else you’d like us to discuss?
7. He ________________________ (get) his degree before he ________________________ (leave) the
country.
8. Who ________________________ (drive) you to school, while your father is away?
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Exercise 3
Complete each sentence using the future perfect or future perfect progressive.
1. We moved to London 5 years ago. By 2015, we ‘ll have lived there for 9 years.
2. I’ve already written more than half the essay over the last 30 minutes. In an hour, I _______________
_______________________________________________________________________________.
3. I’ve already spent $500. If I spend another $300, ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.
4. They bought their car two years ago. By 2017, _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.
5. Adel started working at the bank in March. By January, ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.
6. We started emailing customers three hours ago. In another two hours, __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.
Exercise 4
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. Make changes if necessary.
estimated lucrative steep extensively commonplace chains rigorous determined
Tourism used to be a (1) lucrative industry for quite a few Mediterranean countries. However,
circumstances have changed drastically, and the (2) _____________ income in most cases is expected
to drop by at least 20%. The (3) _____________ increase observed in previous years is probably going
to be followed by a substantial decrease due to the economic crisis. Attributing all problems to the
financial crisis could be regarded as (4) _____________, but it is unfortunately true. Many businesses,
including food and clothing (5) _____________ have had to shut down.
(6) _____________ measures are required to support businesses and growth in many countries.
Naturally, people who have invested (7) _____________ in tourism are (8) _____________ to do
whatever it takes to change the course of events.
Exercise 5
1. How do you think schools will have changed by 2030? Write about three changes.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you think transport will have changed by 2030?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. How do you think computers will have changed by then?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
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Exercise 1
Match and join the sentences using a coordinating conjunction, i.e. and, but, or, so, and yet.
1. I promise to help you with the assignment. a. They have very little self-confidence.
2. She’s determined to lose weight. b. He refuses to speak to me.
3. They invested in a high-risk sector. c. You can submit it tomorrow.
4. The plane was hit by lightning. d. You can ask someone else to edit it.
5. I asked him for his help. e. I am not going to rush to get there early.
6. You can edit your paper. f. He misses the people he used to work with.
7. They’ve made us wait every single time. g. She’s going on diet.
8. He likes his new job. h. He decided to replace it as soon as possible.
9. They’re highly skilled professionals. i. They might not make a profit.
10. His car broke down in the middle of the desert. j. It landed safely.
1. I promise to help you with the assignment, so you can submit it tomorrow.
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________________________________
9. ____________________________________________________________________________________
10. ____________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2
Complete each sentence with your own idea. Use paired conjunctions.
1. He is neither clever nor successful, but he is a nice person.
2. She either takes the bus _________________________________________________________________.
3. They have neither replied ________________________________________________________________.
4. It is not only expensive, __________________________________________________________________.
5. Both Fred ____________________________________________________________________________.
6. Neither her friend ______________________________________________________________________.
7. She has both __________________________________________________________________________.
8. Both the flight attendants ________________________________________________________________.
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Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word. Make changes to the words if necessary.
aspiration deteriorate phenomenal defect alter delusion crucial confront
A Beautiful Mind is a (1) phenomenal biographical film, although some criticized that real facts had been
(2) _________________, especially regarding John Nash’s (3) _________________.
On the whole, (4) _________________ facts of Nash’s life were represented realistically. The way Nash
(5) _________________ and deals with groundbreaking mathematical theory and applications is both
fascinating and a tribute to human will power. No doubt, we all have a few (6) _______________ that
hinder our progress in life, but this does not, in any way, mean that we should give up on our dreams
and (7) _________________. Everyone expected Nash to (8) _________________ and become a sad
and pitiful character, but he fought and won.
Exercise 4
1. Which film genres on TV have the following features:
• Action and tropical settings ________________________________________________
• Unusual, imaginary characters ________________________________________________
• Cowboys and sheriffs ________________________________________________
• Cartoon characters ________________________________________________
• Based on real life stories ________________________________________________
• Real scenery, people, and animals ________________________________________________
• Lavish costumes and settings ________________________________________________
2. What genre or genres of TV films do you prefer? What do you like about them?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. What genre or genres of TV films do you dislike or find boring? Why?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Name two of your favorite TV films. Write the titles and as much as you can remember about them,
e.g. plot, setting, characters, etc.
A. ___________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
B. ___________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
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Exercise 1
Circle the right word or phrase in each sentence.
1. We have an extra seat since / so Ken is not joining us.
2. We have to participate in the competition even if / because of we are likely to lose.
3. A lot of money is spent on advertising now that / in order to increase sales.
4. Now that / unless we’ve taken the test, I feel I can relax.
5. The flight was canceled because of / only if the storm.
6. Give me a call when you get there so that / in order to I know you’re home safe and sound.
7. You need to stay fit unless / if you want to participate in the race.
8. I don’t think I’ll be able to attend the lecture unless / whenever I manage to get there on time.
Exercise 2
Combine and rewrite each pair of sentences using the appropriate adverb clause.
1. We should call and ask for directions. We don’t know the area.
We should call and ask for directions since we don’t know the area.
2. You might be late. You leave home ahead of time.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. They need to do well on the test. They want to get high grades.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. You can’t call people. You feel like talking to them.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. The game will be canceled. The temperature might drop below zero.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. I’ll let you have my cell phone. You might need it.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. We’re going on a picnic. It might be too hot.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. I’ll put the books away. You might need them.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
1. Unless you are careful ___________________________________________________________________.
2. Whenever I think of _____________________________________________________________________.
3. ______________________________________________________________ everywhere you can think of.
4. _____________________________________________________________ even if you give up your seat.
5. __________________________________________________________ unless you know the right people.
6. ___________________________________________________________ only if he is willing to work hard.
7. Now that she has won __________________________________________________________________.
8. _________________________________________________________________ because of the weather.
136
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Exercise 4
Complete each sentence with the appropriate word from the list.
emotions spontaneously consumers unconventional effective second intellect outlandish
(1) Outlandish advertisements are often designed to shock (2) ________________ and make the product
more memorable. Advertisers will go to great lengths to create such effects.
(3) ________________ methods of advertising are effective as long as they remain unusual. If more
companies start using similar advertisements, they become less (4) ________________.
Advertisers want consumers to respond (5) ________________ and buy the product. They are not
interested in raising questions in the minds of potential buyers in case they have (6) ________________
thoughts and reject the product.
Advertising addresses people’s (7) ________________ rather than their (8) ________________.
A thinking consumer is going to be more difficult to reach and get a response from.
Exercise 5
1. Are you susceptible to advertising? Do you buy products that are advertised?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Do you notice advertisements on the Internet? Do you read them carefully? Why? Why not?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. What kind of stereotypes do most advertisements promote?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which target group do advertisements for children ultimately address? Can children buy the products
themselves? What kind of emotions/feelings does such advertising aim to activate?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. If you had a new product that you wanted to sell to young people, where would you advertise it?
How would you advertise it?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
6. What do you do when advertisements are shown on television? What does this indicate?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
7. Describe an advertisement that you think is particularly effective. Describe the product and how the
advertisement effectively promotes the product.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
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Exercise 1
Rewrite the sentences using the verb in parentheses with an infinitive or a gerund.
1. We haven’t received any letters for at least a month, and it doesn’t look as if we’re going to get one, anytime
soon. (stop)
We’ve stopped receiving letters. / We stopped getting letters.
2. We had been driving for at least three hours, so we decided to have a break for lunch. (stop)
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. I tried to get in touch with her but couldn’t reach her. (try)
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Did I really pay for the sandwiches? I can’t remember. (remember)
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. I shouldn’t have invited him. (regret)
____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Remember! You need to water the plants while I’m away. (remember)
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. We no longer watch television; we use our computers instead. (stop)
____________________________________________________________________________________
8. He called yesterday but doesn’t remember it. (forget)
____________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2
Rewrite each sentence as a passive sentence.
1. Someone needs to replace the window pane.
The window pane needs to be replaced.
2. Telling someone how to do things all the time can be demoralizing.
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. I remember people helping me get up after the fall.
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. The technician should upgrade the computer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. They expect the company to pay them by the end of the month.
____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Someone must place the books on the shelves.
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Someone needs to check the air-conditioning units regularly.
____________________________________________________________________________________
8. He expects us to drive him everywhere.
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with the appropriate auxiliary.
1. We’ve returned the books, but they haven’t.
2. My friend has a new smartphone and, I _________ too.
3. Aisha missed class yesterday, but we _________.
4. My brother has a test today, but I _________.
5. I’m not interested in war films, and my friend _________ either.
6. My friend plays video games, and I _________ too.
7. My friends don’t spend a lot of money, and I _________ either.
8. They are watching TV, but we _________.
Exercise 4
Match the words with their definitions.
anxiety stereotype temperament capacity intensity restless tedious convey
1. tedious very boring

2. __________ the emotional part of someone’s character
3. __________ a belief/idea of what a particular person or thing is like
4. __________ ability to do something
5. __________ the feeling of being very worried about something; stress
6. __________ not willing to stay inactive; nervous
7. __________ the quality of having a strong effect or of being felt very strongly
8. __________ communicate or transfer an idea
Now choose two of the words and write sentences.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 5
Read statements based on the reading text and agree or disagree. Give reasons for your answers.
1. Shared activities are more important than talking for men.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Women tend to talk about people and feelings.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Men tend to talk about sports and facts.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Men talk to fix problems.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Women talk to explore problems.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Women divide their attention between a number of things.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. Men focus their attention on one thing.
________________________________________________________________________________
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MEGA

GOAL TEACHER’S GUIDE

MANUEL DOS SANTOS

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Publisher: Jorge Rodríguez Hernández

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Unit 1 Two is Better Than One 6

Unit 2 Rags to Riches 20

Unit 3 What Will They Think of Next? 34

EXPANSION Units 1–3 48

Unit 4 The World of TV 54

Unit 5 Do You Really Need It? 68

Unit 6 The Gender Divide 82

EXPANSION Units 4–6 96

Irregular Verbs 106

Audio Track List 108

Key to Phonetic Symbols

Photocopiable Activities Answer Key

Workbook Answer Key

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Intro Express opinion and viewpoint,

1 Two Is Better Than Discuss how people/animals can help

2 Rags to Riches Talk about fame and fortune

3 What Will They Think Discuss technology invented over

EXPANSION Units 1–3 Language Review

4 The World of TV Talk about TV films and documentaries

5 Do You Really Need Evaluate and discuss the influence of

6 The Gender Divide Talk about gender differences and

EXPANSION Units 4–6 Language Review

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Listen and identify features of Recycling and using familiar

Tools for Writing: Commonly confused words

Tools for Writing: Run-on sentences

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Philosophy of the Program The Components

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Workbook Online Learning Center

Audio Program students’ knowledge of structures and functional

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viii Teacher’s Guide

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Grammar appropriate, have students look at the picture(s), but

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Reading Encourage students to keep a separate notebook

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xii Teacher’s Guide

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Teacher’s Guide xiii

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What do you think? Collaborative learning

Who are they?

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Fact: Collaborative learning promotes teamwork/

Grammar query and read along in their books.

1 Listen and Discuss

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Would you buy it?

| Audioscript complete sentences Q Q

11 Form, Meaning and A