INTRODUCTION TO

AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
AND EQUIPMENT
by
Engr. Alexis T. Belonio
Department of Agricultural Engineering and
Environmental Management
College of Agriculture
Central Philippine University
Iloilo City
 Introduction

 Agricultural Machinery – It deals with the

study of application, use, and management of
various agricultural machines, tools, and
equipment used for production and post-
production operation.
 Agricultural Mechanization - It is the
development, manufacture and extension of
appropriate agricultural tools, implements, and
machinery using animal, human, mechanical,
electrical, and other renewable sources of
energy for agricultural production and
development and post harvest operations.
 Classifications of Agricultural
Machines
 Agricultural Field Equipment
– Agricultural Field Implement
– Agricultural Tractors
– Self-Propelled Machines
 Farmstead Equipment
 1. Agricultural Field Equipment – This are equipment
designed primarily for agricultural field operation. This
includes agricultural tractors, self-propelled machines,
implements, and their combinations.
 (1) Agricultural Tractors – A traction machines designed
primarily to supply power to agricultural implements and
farmstead equipment. It propel itself and provide a force to
the direction of travel to enable attached soil engaging and
other agricultural implement to perform its intended function.
 (2) Agricultural Implement - An implement that is designed to
perform agricultural operations. This are further classified
into: (a) towed, mounted, and semi-mounted implements.
 (3) Self-Propelled Machines – An implement designed with
integral power unit to provide both mobility and power for
performing agricultural operations.
 2. Farmstead Equipment – This are
equipment other than agricultural field
equipment used in agricultural operation for
the production of food and fiber. This includes
livestock equipment, waste handling system,
crop drying and milling systems, material
handling systems, and others.
 Classifications According to
Operation
 1. Tillage Equipment - This includes plow and harrow
used to prepare the land to make it ready for seeding
and planting operation.
 2. Crop Establishment Equipment – This are
equipment used to place seeds or plant parts into the
prepared seedbed and subsequently fertilize them.
 3. Crop Maintenance Equipment – This includes
cultivating. weeding, spraying, dusting, as well as
irrigation equipment aim to make sure that the crop
grows to produce its potential yield.

 4. Harvesting and Threshing Equipment - This are
equipment used to gather and separate the produced
from the panicles and make it ready for primary
processing operation.
 5. Drying Equipment - This are equipment used to
reduce the moisture of the product to a level that it can
be stored with minimum loss from spoilage.
 6. Milling Equipment - This are equipment used to
process the product ready for consumption.
 7. Storage Equipment - This are equipment used to
keep the product safe from deterioration or spoilage for
prolong period of storage.

 Agricultural Tractors

 Machine used primarily

for traction or pulling
purposes. It can also
deliver both power for
stationary and mobile
jobs. It can pull or tow
implement through
traction from drive wheel
and or pull implement
through the draft
developed from the
drawbar.
 Plows

 They are used as primary tillage

implement which constitutes the
initial major soil-working operation,
normally designed to reduce soil
strength, cover plant materials, and
rearrange aggregates.
– Moldboard Plow – invert soil
– Disk Plow – loosen and invert soil
– Chisel Plow – loosen soil
– Rotary Plow – mix soil
– Subsoiler – deep loosening of soil
or hardpan
 Harrows

 Use as secondary tillage

implement which are
designed to control weed
growth and to create specific
soil surface configuration
before seeding
– Disk Harrow
– Peg-Tooth Harrow
– Spring Tooth Harrow
– Comb Harrow
– Power Harrow
 Power Tillers

 A hand operated machines use

to till small sizes of land
enough to replace draft
animals.
– Hand Tractor - used for
pulling small plows or
harrows to prepare a paddy
field.
– Floating-Type Floating Tiller
- equipment used for water-
logged areas where
ordinary power tiller cannot
be used.
 Seeders

 Machines used to open a furrow,

place the seeds, and cover it in a
prepared soil.
– Drill planter
– Row Planter
– Broadcaster
– Drum Seeder
 Planters

 Machine use to place

seedlings or plant parts
in a prepared soil.
– Rice Transplanter
– Sugar Planter
 Sprayers

 Machines used to break

the liquid into droplets of
effective size and
distributes them
uniformly over the
surface or space to be
protected.
– Compressed Air Sprayer
– Knapsack Sprayer
– Power Sprayer
– Aerosol Sprayer or Fogging
Machine
 Reaper Harvester

 Reaper-Windrower – A
harvesting machine used to cut
the standing crops and lay them
down on the field in an orderly
manners in a row.
 A Reaper-Binders – A harvesting
machine use to both cut and
binds the crops and afterwards
lay the stalks bundles on the
ground
 Stripper Harvester
 It is a machine that
combines harvesting and
threshing into a single
operation. It differs with the
combine in that it permits
the removal of grain directly
from the head or panicle
without cutting the stalks.
 Combine
Harvesters

 It is a self propelled
machine which harvest
and thresh the grain at
the same time to make
it ready for drying and
storage.
– Check-Row or
Oriental-Type
– Reel-Type or Western-
Type
 Rice Threshers

 A machine that separates

the rice grain from the
panicle.
– Hold-on or Thrown-In
– Axial Flow or Radial
Flow
– Peg-Tooth, Wire Loop,
or Rasp Bar
– With or Without a
Cleaner or Mobile with
cleaner
 Shellers
 Machine used to
separates seeds from the
cobs or pods.
– Corn Sheller
– Peanut Sheller
– Coffee Bean Sheller
– Coffee Sheller
 Grain Dryers
 Machine used to reduce
the moisture of the grain
from a level that is in
equilibrium with the
atmosphere or at about
14%.
– Flatbed Dryer
– Re-circulating Dryer
– Continuous Flow Dryer
– In Storage Bin Dryer
– Warehouse Dryer
– Flash Dryer
 Rice Mill

 Machine that is used to convert

paddy into milled rice.
– Single Pass Rice Mill and
Multiple Pass Rice Mill
– Rubber Roll, Stone Disc,
Steel Flueted Mill, and
Centrifugal Huller
 Pumps
 Machine use to lift water at
a given flow rate and head.
– Axial Pump
– Centrifugal Pump
– Mixed-flow Pump
– Lift Pump
– Screw Pump
 Size Reduction
Equipment
 Machines use to reduce
the size of material in
granular or powdered
form either by cutting,
shearing, impact or their
combinations.
– Hammer Mill
– Burr Mill
– Steel-Flueted Mill
– Pulverizer
 Biomass Shredder
 Machine used to reduce the
size of fibrous materials and
shattered its fiber through
impact action of the beaters
or hammers.
 Grain Storage
Equipment

 Equipment used to
safely store the grain
immediately after
drying without
significant loss in their
quality.
– Bin and Silos
– Bucket elevator
– Belt conveyor
– Screw conveyors
– etc
 References
 AMDP. 1987. Handbook on Agricultural
Mechanization in the Philippines. AMDP.
College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial
Technology. U.P. at Los Banos, College,
Laguna.
 ASAE. ASAE Standards 1997. American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. 2960 Niles RoadSt.
Joseph, MI. USA.