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1.operating System Overview

The document discusses operating systems, describing them as programs that control the execution of application programs and act as an interface between applications and hardware. It outlines the main objectives of operating systems as providing convenience, efficiency, and ability to evolve. The document then discusses key OS services, interfaces, roles, and how the OS manages computer resources as software that depends on the processor. It also outlines how major operating systems evolve over time to support new hardware, services, and fixes.

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techno des
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103 views

1.operating System Overview

The document discusses operating systems, describing them as programs that control the execution of application programs and act as an interface between applications and hardware. It outlines the main objectives of operating systems as providing convenience, efficiency, and ability to evolve. The document then discusses key OS services, interfaces, roles, and how the OS manages computer resources as software that depends on the processor. It also outlines how major operating systems evolve over time to support new hardware, services, and fixes.

Uploaded by

techno des
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating

Systems:
Internals Chapter 2
and Design
Principles Operating System
Overview
Eighth Edition
By William Stallings
Operating System
A program that controls the execution of
application programs
 An interface between applications and hardware
Main objectives of an OS:

• convenience
• efficiency
• ability to evolve
Application programs
Application
programming interface
Application Libraries/utilities Software
binary interface
Operating system
Instruction Set
Architecture
Execution hardware

Memory
System interconnect
translation Hardware
(bus)

I/O devices
Main
and
memory
networking

Figure 2.1 Computer Hardware and Software Structure


Operating System Services

 Program development
 Program execution
 Access I/O devices
 Controlled access to files
 System access
 Error detection and response
 Accounting
Key Interfaces

 Instruction set architecture (ISA)


 Application binary interface (ABI)
 Application programming interface (API)
The Role of an OS

A computer is a set of resources for the


movement, storage, and processing of
data
 TheOS is responsible for managing
these resources
Operating System
as Software
 Functionsin the same way as ordinary
computer software
 Program, or suite of programs, executed
by the processor
 Frequentlyrelinquishes control and must
depend on the processor to allow it to
regain control
Computer System
I/O Devices
Memory
Operating I/O Controller Printers,
System keyboards,
Software digital camera,
I/O Controller etc.

Programs
and Data

I/O Controller

Processor Processor

Storage
OS
Programs

Data

Figure 2.2 The Operating System as Resource Manager


Evolution of Operating Systems

 A major OS will evolve over time for a


number of reasons:
hardware upgrades

new types of hardware

new services

Fixes
Evolution of
Operating Systems
 Stages include:

Time
Sharing
Multiprogrammed Systems
Batch Systems
Simple Batch
Systems
Serial
Processing

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