ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND 1.

Sequence
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES 2. Problem and Solution
3. Compare and Contrast
Course Description:
4. Description
The course focuses on the development of 5. Cause and Effect
communication skills in English for
academic and professional purposes. This Process
course is specialized to develop students’  Explains how something works/is made;
skills in writing for the students’ respective steps
strands.  Specific order; sequence
1.
2.
Course objectives: 3.
Problem and Solution 4.

 Understand the process of academic and  Problem, which is solved

professional writing and its role in our
lives; Problem

 Choose and limit topics in preparation Event

for writing; Event
 Limit topics for different academic and Event
professional papers; Solution
 Organize thoughts in preparation for Compare and Contrast
writing;  Comparing how things are the same
 Write good compositions for different and/or different.
purposes; Description
 Write grammatically correct sentences;  Details what something looks like and its
and characteristics
 Develop good sentence sense.
Lesson 1: INTRODUCTION TO
ACADEMIC TEXT
Cause and Effect
Academic Text
 Texts that are specifically written for use  Something causes something to happen
by instructors or students
 Texts that your instructor has assigned
because of their usefulness in your Other Text Structures
course
 Definition – explains a concept, term, or
Reading Academic Texts
subject
Text Structure
 Narration – describes what, when, and
 Organizational patterns found within
where something happened
different text types; logical arrangement
 Exemplification – provides typical
of ideas
cases or examples of something
 Also called Pattern of Development /
 Classification and Division – groups
Paragraph Development Examples:
items into their parts of types
 Persuasion – describes an issue and Text is defined in linguistics “as a stretch of
your position on the subject language which is perceived as purposeful
Signal Words connected whole”.
 Definition
- refers to; means; as defined A text may be spoken or written, produced
 Exemplification by one person or more, and is created by
- as an example; namely text-internal cohesion and text-external
 Description coherence (Collins & Hollo, 2000).
- prepositions; colors; measurements
 Process An academic text, therefore, is a product of
- first; second; next; finally communication or piece of language used
 Classification & Division for academic purposes or in relation to
- another kind; classified as; first academic courses (subjects).
category Structure of Academic Texts
 Persuasion  Academic texts may come in the form of
- needless to say; unquestionably minor grammatical units such as:
- Syllables
 Comparison
- Affixes (prefix & suffix)
- in the same way; similarly; like
- Words
 Contrast
- Phrases
- instead; although; as opposed to
- Clauses
Academic Language
- Sentences
 Verbal clothing that we do in classroom
- Paragraphs
and other formal contexts to demonstrate
Moreover, they may come in the form of
cognition within cultures and to signal
grammatical units such as paragraphs and
college readiness.
composition.
2 Major Kinds of Academic Language
Context Clues
 Instructional Language – clear, simple Context clues will help you know the
 Language of the Discipline – JARGON meaning of the word without consulting a
- specialized language particular to a dictionary.
group people/industry/profession.
Lesson 2: READING AND ANALYZING Context clues are words, phrases and/or
ACADEMIC TEXTS sentences surrounding the unfamiliar words
Objectives: that give hints and meaning.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to: 1. Example Clues
1. Define academic texts; The author will mention a word and then
2. Determine the structure of academic give examples that either describe or explain
texts; and it. Words or phrases indicating that example
3. Determine and use various vocabulary clues are on their way are such as, like, for
aids in developing one’s vocabulary. example, for instance, and as an illustration.
Academic Texts
Ex. Carbohydrates such as pasta, bread, and
rice may contribute to weight gain.
(From the given examples of carbohydrates,
we can derive that carbohydrates are foods
contain starch.)
2. Synonym or Definition Clues
The meaning of an unfamiliar word is given
in the sentence if a familiar word is also
used to make used to make the meaning
clearer. Signal words for synonym clues are
or, in other words, that is, by this we mean,
that is to say, and also known as
Ex. Caught in an epiphany, that is, a sudden,
strong and clear realization, I suddeny knew
how to solve my dilemma.
(The word epiphany is defined as “a sudden,
strong, and clear realization’ with the signal
words that is a hints.)
3. Antonym or Contrast Clues
The meaning of an unfamiliar word is given
in the sentence if an opposite word is used to
suggest the meaning. Signal words for
antonym clues are but, however, on the
other hand, nevertheless, yet, and in
contrast.
Ex. Jogging long distances exacerbates the
pain in my feet. However, soaking my feet
in warm water after jogging feels relaxing
and soothing.
(The second sentence gives you a clue that
the word exacerbate must mean “to
aggravate” or “increase the pain” because of
the signal word however which signifies the
opposite.)
4. General Clues
This refers to making sense of word’s
meaning by largely depending on your
common sense.
Ex. Paul knew he just made a cultural faux
pas when he kissed the Muslim woman on
the cheek, and he was met with a dead,
stunned stare