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and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
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education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 7907-2 (1976): Helical Extension Springs, Part II: Cold

Coiled Springs Made from Circular Section Wire and Bar [TED
21: Spring]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
UDC 621-272.272 IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976
( Fourth Reprint AUGUST 1998 )
I Reaffirmed 1993 1

Indian Standard ( Reaffirmed 2004 )

HELICAL EXTENSION SPRINGS

PART II SPECIFICATION FOR COLD COILED
SPRINGS MADE FROM CIRCULAR SECTION WIRE AND -BAR

I. scope - Covers cold coiled extension springs made from spring wires up to 17 mm diameter.

I .I This standard is applicable to springs having the following parameters :

a) Outside diameter of coil, D, up to 340 mm;

b) Unloaded length of springs, L, up to 1 500 mm;
C) Number of working coils, i,>3; and
d) Coil ratio, w from 4 up to 20.

2. Symbols - Following symbols, and units shall apply (see Fig. 1).

FIG. 1 EXTENSION SPRING DIAGRAM REPRESEfjTATlON (WITH THEORETICAL CHARACTERISTIC LINE)

I

&I = Outside diameter of the coil, mm

Di = Inside diameter of the coil, ~rnrn
= Do -i- Di = Mean coil diameter, mm
D,
2
LH = Distance of inside edge of the hook from body of spring, mm
LK = Body length when not loaded but subject to initial tension, mm
=& = Unloaded length of the spring, measured between the inside edges of the hooks, mm
L, to L, = Load lengths of the spring, measured between the inside edges of the hook corresponding
to the axial loads FI to F,,,, mm
FI to F, = Axial loads corresponding to the load lengths L, to L,, N
F0 = Initial tension produced by coiling, N
TD = Tolerance on the coil diameter (D,, DI, 0,) of the unloaded spring, mm
TLO = Tolerance on unloaded length L,, of the spring, mm
TF = Tolerance on the axial load F at corresponding load length L, N

Adopted 30 January 1976 0 August 1976, BIS Or 7

I I

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

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MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976

Permissible deviation of the hook opening position of the unloaded spring, degrees
AF
nr = spring load rate, N/mm

Wire diameter, mm
Nominal diameter of wire increased by its upper allowance for materials given in 4, mm
Extension of the spring corresponding to the axial loads Fl to F,, mm
Number of working coils
Total number of coils
Hook opening width, mm

5 = coil ratio
d

3. Manufacture

3.1 Direction of Coiling - Optional subject to conformity of the relative angular hcok opening position.

3.2 Hook Forms - The general hook forms for extension springs are shown in Fig. 2 to 14. The hooks
may have other forms depending on individual requirements.

FIG. 2 FORM A (f, = 0.55 0, TO 0.8 0,)

FIG. 4 FORM C (L, = 0.8 D, TO 1.1 0,) FIG. 5 FORM D (L, w Di)

FIG. 6 FORM E (L, M Di) FIG. 7 FORM F (ELONGATED HOOK)

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2
 IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976

FIG. 8 FORM G (ELONGATED HOOK) FIG. 9 FORM H (L;, N 1.1 UI)

FIG. 12 FORM L
FIG. 11 FORM K (THREADED PLUG
FIG. 10 FORM J (THREADED STUD SCREWED-IN, 2 TC! 4
(ROLLED-IN HOOK) ROLLED-IN) THREADED COILS)

FIG. 13 FORM M (THREADED PLATE, FIG. 14 FORM N

HOOK THREADED OVER 2 TO 4 (OBLIQUE POSITION)
THREADED COILS) I

3.3 The relative angular position of the hook opening in Fig. 1 is 90” in the manner of a right-hand thread.
The relative angular position of hook openings are shown irl Fig. 15.

3.3.1 The hook opening width m should be specified in the drawings, ii ,aquired. If the hook opening
width is not specified, the hooks can be closed to prevent hooking into one another (pariiculariy in the
case of small springs). If m is specified, it shall be 2 d or more.

3.4 Exact Number of Coils - For Fig. 1, the total number of coils end at i. For sprinq forms sliuwn
in Fig. 2 to 9 and Fig. 14, the total number of coils ie is fixed by the position of the hooks (.~ee Fig. 75).

3.4.1 In the simplified view when end connections of springs are not considered, ig--if.

3.4.2 In case of springs with threaded-in or rolled-in end pieces (see Fig. 10 to 13) :
iE = if -t number of coils that are rendered ineffective.

3.5 Distance Between the Working Coils - In case of extension springs with initial tension, the &Is
touch each other. For extension springs without initial tension, the coils cannot always be made in such
a way that they touch each other. In such cases tolerances on lengths are more (see 5.3.1).

3.6 Length o;F the Extension Springs

3.6.1 The length, LK of the spring body with initial tension is given by:
LK ti (i&-l ) d,,,
9
3
IS : 7907 (Part -11) - 1976

:ORM 8 .oo (0) 1 0”

I

-0RM P i.. ..50 (ii21 1 180U

1

-0RM 8 I....75 (314) I 270°

-0RM 0 ...... . 50 (l/21 [ 0”

FORM D I....... 75 (314) 1 90”

I

FORM D ....I.. 25 (l/4) 1 270° I

Note - Relative angular positions of hook opening for Form B are also applicable for Form H.

FIG. 15 RELATIVE ANGULAR POSITIONS OF HOOK OPENING

(SPRINGS WITH RH COILING)

3.6.2 The length L, of the unloaded spring, measured between the inside edges of the hooks is given
by:
L,=f~r2 LH (for equal loops)
3.6.3 Standard values for LH are indicated in Fig, 2 to 6 and Fig. 9. However, Lri should be specified
onlv as minimum.

3.7 Spring Calculations - Calculations shall be made according to IS : 7907 (Part I)-1976 ‘Helical
extension springs : Part I Design and calculation for springs made from circular section wire and bar’.

3.8 Surface Protection - Normally oil or grease shall be smeared over the springs to protect againsr ‘c
corrosion. Other types of protection shall be decided between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

4
 IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976

4. Material - Springs shall be made from any of the materials specified below.

4.1 Group 7
a) Patented and cold drawn spring steel wires - unalloyed, Grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 to IS : 4454
(Part f)-1975 ‘Specification for steel wires for cold formed springs. . Part I Patented and cold drawn
steel wires - unalloyed (firs? revision)‘.
b) Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire and valve sprirrg wire-unalloyed, Grades SW and
VW to IS: 4454 (Part II)-1 975 ‘Specification for steel wires for cold formed springs: Par,t II 011
hardened and tempered spring steel wire and valve spring wire--unalloyed (first revision) .
cl Alloyed, oil hardened and tempered valve spring wire and spring steel-wire for use under mode-
rately elevated temperatures, Grades 1 S, 2S, 1 D and 2D to IS : 4454 (Part Ill)-1975 ‘Specification
for steel wires for cold formed springs: Part III Oil hardened and tempered steel wire- alloyed
(first revision)‘.
d) Stainless spring steel wire, Grades 1 and 2 of IS : 4454 (Part IV)-1 975 ‘Specification for steel wires
for cold formed springs: Part IV Stainless spring steel wire for normal corrosion resistance (first
revision)‘.

4.2 Group 2
a) Hard drawn brass wires to IS : 4076-I 967 ‘Specification for hard brass wires for springs and other
special purposes’.
b) Phosphor bronze wires to IS : 1385-l 968 ‘Specification for cold coiled springs made from circular
section wire and bar’.

4.3 Other materials, subject to agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, may be used.

5. Tolerances-All the tolerances specified in this standard apply to extension springs made from
materials specified in 4.1. For springs made from materials specified in 4.2 and other materials, the tole-
rances shall be fixed by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. Normal tolerances for
D,,,, L, and Fare specified in Tables 1 and 2 and 5.2. For reasons of economy, wider tolerances given
in Appendix A, should be used. However, where functionally required, springs can also be manufactured
with closer tolerances given in Appendix B. For certain types of springs it may be essential to adopt wider
tolerances given in Appendix A.

5.1 Tolerances TD for Coil Diameters for Unloaded Springs - Shall be as given in Table I,

TABLE 1 TOLERANCES 7, FOR COIL DIAMETERS FOR UNLOADED SPRINGS

(Clauses 5 and 5.1)

All dimensions in millimetres.

&I Tolerances 7, for Coil Ratio w

Above up to Above 4 Above 8 Above 14

Upto Upto Upto
-

0.63

:,6

2.5 4 $0.2 iO.25

4 6.3 iO.25 10.3
6.3 10 50.3 10.35

31.5 40 *0.6 +0.7

40 2::; iO.8 kO.9
50 6530 10.8 kl.0 -cl ,l

80 Ll.2 TL1.4
x; 2; :; It1.5 Al .7
100 % 51 .4 +1 .9 h2.2

125 160 Il.8 12.3 1-2.7

Note 1 - The tolerances specified for D, are equally applicable for diameters D1 and D,.

Note 2 -The tolerances for coil ratios w above 20, and D, above 160 are subject to
agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
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5
 IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976

5.2 Tolerance TF for the Axial load F for Load Length L (for Extension Springs with and Without initial
Tension Imparted During Coiling) - Is given by:

TF = f
where
ki is obtained from Fig. 16, and
tF is obtained from Fig. 17 and 18.
5.2.1 The tolerances in 5.2 shall apply in the range of 0.3 fm to O-7 fm.

FIG. 16 INFLUENCE OF WORKING COILS ON DEVIATION OF LOADS AND LENGTHS

for the Unloaded

5.3 ToleranceTL,, Length L, of Springs with Initial Tension - Shall be according to Table 2.

TABLE 2 TOLERANCES JL, FOR T& UNLOADED LENGTH f, OF SPRIhGS

WITH INITIAL TENSION
(Clauses 5 and 5.3)
All dimensions in millimetres.

Tolerances Tb for Coil Ratio w

Above up to Above 4 Up to 8 1 Above 8 UR to 20 I

I

:6” ::
25
f0.4
hO.5
zko.5
10.6
10.6 10.7 I

100 160 12.0

160 52.4
250 3~2.5 zt3.0
250 400 xt3.0 *4.0
- I

*1.5% of L, ztl.5% of L,
.
,. I
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 IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976

5.3.1 Tolerance TLOfor the unloaded length L, of the spring without initial tension is given by:

TLC= f ‘w + 0.6 x (tolerance from Table 2)]

[ C

where
kr is obtained from Fig. 16, and
fF is obtained from Fig. 17 and 18.

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.1
0.08
0906

0.04

0.3 0.C 0.6 1 1.0 2 6 8 1G 20

0.8

0, IN mm -
FIG. 17 INFLUENCE OF SHAPE AND SIZE OF SPRING ON TOLERANCE FOR LOAD
AND LENGTH FOR WIRE DIAMETERS FROM O-07 TO I.10 mm

5.4 Tolerance for Hook Position - For unloaded springs tolerance is given by :
To= f to
where
to is taken from Fig, 19.
5.4.1 When the spring has initial tension, there is friction between the coils and there is a region in
which the hook remains rigid in any position. Due to friction the deviation of the hook position appears
magnified. This should be taken into account while testing.

5.5 Tolerances for Initial Tension, F,,- Are not specified since the desired initial tension is incorporated
into the load specification at two load lengths.

7
IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976

5.6 Tolerance on Hook Opening Width, m - Shall be &0*05(L~ - m) with a minimum hook gap of
O-3 mm.

1000
800

600

LOO

100

t 60
80

z LO

z
LL
CI
20

10
8

I 6 8 10 20 10 60 80 1 200 300
100

D,‘, IN mm-
FIG. 18 INFLUENCE OF SHAPE AND SIZE OF SPRING ON TOLERANCE FOR LOAI D
AND LENGTH FOR WIRE DIAMETERS FROM 1.1 TO 16 mm

FIG. 19 !NFLU IENICE OF COIL RATIO w AND NUMBER OF COILS if ON HOOK OPENING POSIT10 IN DEVI IATI
ON

8
 IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1376

5.7 Tolerance on Spring Rate - Shall only be specified where essential to the functional requirement
of the spring. If specified, it shall be half of the load tolerance with a minimum of &3 percent.

6. Complimentary Adjustments for Manufacturing -Are required to maintain the prescribed

axial loads. These shall be specified by the following method:

Complimentary Adjustments for Manufacturer’s

Manufacturing I Discretion for I
If one axial load F and the corresponding loaded F,, Do and Dr (DnJ
lengths L, and L,, are specified

If two axial loads and the corresponding loaded L,, ip and d

lengths are specihed
F,,, D, a:: I!% (D,,)

6.1 The numerical values of the quantities allowed according to manufacturer’s discretion, as compli-
mentary adjustments for manufacturing, shall be specified in the drawing and shall apply only as guide
values.

6.2 Wh,le allowing the complimentary adjustments for manufacturing, care should be taken to see that
the maximum slress of the springs does not exceed the maximum specified for the material and the relative
angular hook opening positions are maintained.

7. Testing

7.1 All dimensions and loads shall be measured after the spring has been extended 3 times in quick succes-
sion by a load Fm.

7.2 Testing of Load Lengths and Axial Loads-The load lengths and axial loads shall be measured
with the spring suspended vertically. An error of &-I percent shall be allowed on load readings.

7.3 Characteristic curve of the extension spring shalt be plotted according to calculations laid down in
1s : 7907 (Part I)-1976. Theoretically, the curve is a straight line whose ordinate at origin represents the
initial tension. In practice the curve is not a straight tine from the Y-axis, so the spring shall be tested
only between 0.3 and 0.7 fm (see Fig. 20).
7.3.1 For determining the initial tension, the axial loads Fl and F, corresponding to deflections f 1 and f5
(f,-2 f,) between 0.3 and 0.7 f, shall be measured. The initial tension is then given by:
F,,=F,-(F?-F,)==2F,-F,
k~F F, - Fl
and sprrng rate, S, --1=-/if
fz - fl
where F is the increase in axial load for the increase in deflection bf (see Fig. 20).

FIG. 20 TEST DIAGRAM

7.4 Special tests such as testing for endurance, cramp, temperature relaxation are subject to agreement
between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

8. ISI Certification Marking - Details available with the Indian Standards Institution
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 IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976
APPENDIX A
( Clause 5)
WIDER TOLERANCES ON COIC DIAMETERS Dm, 01 AND Do;
AXIAL LOADS F; AND UNLOADED LENGTHS L,

A-O. Normal tolerances for Dm, L,, and F are given in Tables 1 and 2 and 5.2. Tolerances given in this
appendix are wider than normally encountered, For reasons of economy, as far as possible, these tole-
rances should be used. For c-ertain types of springs it may be essential to adopt these tolerances.

A-l. Tolerances on Coil -Diameters Dm for Unloaded Springs - Are given in Table 3.

TABLE 3 WIDER TOLERANCES TD ‘FOR COIL DIAMETERS

FOR UNLOADED SPRINGS
(Clauses 5 and A-l)

All dimensions in millimetres.

&I Tolerances T, for Coil Ratio w

--
Above up to Above4Upto8 Above 8 Up to 14 Above 14 Up to 20

0.63 ho.1 *0.15 kO.2

i.6 kO.15 Ito.3
:.6 2.5 10.2 $:$ ILo.

2.5 4 zko.3 10.5

6.3 10.4 $:; ho.6
z.3 10 10.5 kO.6 Ito.

10 ho.6 zko.7 - f0.8

1265 ho.7
:65 31.5 kO.8 ;::z $20
-_. -

31.5 40 fl ,2 &l .5
40 50 $20 &I .5 +l .8
50 63 ykl.5 12.0 12.3

125 160 13.5 &4-6 .._. *5.4

-I
Note 1 - The tolerances specified for D, are equally applicable for diameters DI and D,.

Note 2 -The tolerances for coil ratios r& above 20, and D, above 160 are subject to agree- .
nent between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

A-2. Tolerances TF for the Axial Loads F for Loaded Length L (for Extension Springs with
and Without Initial Tension Imparted During Coiling) - Is given by:
1’5’ F
,oo
x 1.6

1
where
ki is taken from Fig. 16, and
tp is taken from Fig. 17 and 18.

A-2.1 The tolerances in A-2 shall apply in the range of O-3 fm to 0.7 fm.

A-3, Tolerances for Unloaded Lengths L, -Are given in Table 4.

A-3.1 Tolerance TL,, or the unloaded length L, of the spring without initial tension is given by:

7LlJ
= f tF ' : ' '*' + 0.4 x (tolerance from Table 4)]
[ C
where
ki is obtained from Fig. 16, and
tF is obtained from Fig. 17 and 18.

10
 IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976

TABLE 4 WIDER TOLERANCES TL, FOR THE UNLOADED LENGTH .OF

EXTENSION SPRINGS WITH INITIAL TENSION
(Clauses 5 and A-3)

All dimensions in millimetres.

--
LO Tolerance TL,, for Coil Ratio w
_.
Above up to Above 4 Up to 8 1 Above 8 Up to 20
s-- _
10.6
10 1: 10.8
16 25 +I .o
_. I

40 iI ,3
4’: 63 +I ,8
63 100 i2.4

100 160 --3.0 zk4.0

160 250 24.0
250 400 L5.0 !$:;

_.
400 12% of 1, Yk2% of 1,
I I
-

APPENDIX B
(Clause 5)

CLOSER TOLERANCES ON COIL DIAMETERS D,, D, and 0,;

AXIAL LOADS F; AND UNLOADED LENGTHS L,

B-O. Normal tolerances for D,, L, and F are given in Tables 1 and 2 and 5.2. Tolerances given in this
appendix are closer than those normally encountered. These tolerances should be specified only when
functionally required.
B-l. Tolerances for Coil Diameter D, for Unloaded Springs - Are given in Table 5.

TAPLF CLOSER TOLERANCES T, FOR COIL DIAMETERS

(Clauses 5 and B-l)
All dimensions in millimetres.

&I I Tolerances T,, for Coil Ratio w

- -
Above up to Above 4 Up to 8
_- I Above 8 Up to l-4
._
Above 14 Up to 20

0.63 _!_0.05 ’ +0,1

;;:g CO.1
i.6 *to.1 !. 0.15

-I.
2.5 i-o.1 +0.1 10.15
4 iro.1 f0.15 kO.2
6.3 +0,15 f0.15 ho.2
_‘. .-
10

:: I :;
31 ,5 i kO.15
10.2
to.25
~-
31 .5 ho.25 10.3 10.35
40 10.3 f0.4 zkO.5
50 i 0.4 LO.5 10.6
-.-

xz lr0.5
$0.6
-.
50.7
i 08
-
Note 1 -The tolerances specified for D, are equally applicable for diameters D, and D,.
Note 2 - The tolerances for coil ratio w above 20 and D, above 100 are subject to agreement
between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

11
IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976
B-2. Tolerances TF for the Axial Loads F for Load Length L (for Extension Springs With
and Without Initial Tension Imparted During Coiling) - Is given by:

TF = f tF x kf + ‘g] x o-6

where

kr is taken from Fig. 16, and

tF is taken from Fig. 17 and 18.

B-2.1 The tolerances in B-2 shall apply in the range of 0.3 f, to 0.7 f,.

B-3. Tolerances for Unloaded Lengths L, for Springs With Initial Tension - Are given in Table 6.

TABLE 6 CLOSER TOLERANCES JL,, FOR THE UNLOADED LENGTH

OF SPRINGS

(Clauses 5 and B-3)

All dimensions in millimetres.

L, I Tolerance TL~ for Coil Ratio w

Above up to I Above 4 Up to 8 Above 8 Up to 20

zz
63
ltO.8
*1 .l
ztl.5

100 160 *1 .5 12.0

160 250
250 400 i4:: 2:::

400
I +l% of L, rtl% of L,

B-3.1 Closer tolerance TI,,, for extension springs without initial tension is given by

1
fF X kr X 0.63
TLo= * + tolerance from Table 6
SC

where

ki is obtained from Fig. 16, and

tF is obtained from Fig. 17 and 18.

EXPLANATORY NOTE
This standard is one of the series of Indian Standards on design, calculation and specification of
helical coiled springs. Other standards in this series are :

IS : 7906 (Part I)-1976 Helical compression springs: Part I Design and calculation for springs
made from circular section wire and bar

IS : 7906 (Part II)-1975 Helical compression springs: Part II Specification for cold coiled springs
made from circular section wire and bar

IS : 7906 (Part Ill)-1 975 Helical compression springs : Part III Data sheet for specifications for
springs made from circular section wire and bar

IS : 7906 (Part IV) Helical compression springs: Part IV Guide for selection of standard cold coiled
springs made from circular section wire and bar (under preparation)
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 IS : 7907 (Part II) - 1976

IS : 7906 (Part V) Helical compression springs : Part V Specification for hot coiled springs made
from circular section bar (under preparation)

IS ~:7907 (Part I)-1976 Helical extension springs: Part I Design and calculation for springs made
from circular section wire and bar

IS : 7907 (Part Ill) -1975 Helical extension springs : Part I II Data sheet for specifications for springs
made from circular section wire and bar

IS : 7907 (Part IV) Helical extension springs: Part IV Guide for selection of standard cold coiled
springs made from circular section wire and bar (under preparation)

It has been found from studies carried out that the tolerance of the axial loads is a function of the
spring dimensions &, d, iiand axial load F and the relationship could be expressed as follows:

1
1.5 F
TF = f tF x ki + 100
[

It has also been found that these tolerances agreed with the tolerances for the compression springs
except for the influence of number of coils (Fig. 16).

In preparation of thisstandard considerable assistance has been derived from DIN 2097 ‘Helical
springs made of round wire; specifications for cold coiled tension springs’ issued by Deutsches lnstitut
fiir Normung (DIN).

In this standard the unit of force used is newton (N) and that for stress is N/mma.
1 kgf = 9.80665 N (exactly)
or 1 kgf cu 9.81 N (approx)
= 10 N (within 2 percent error)
1 N/mm” = 1 MN/ms
= IMPa [l Pascal (Pa)=1 N/m21
‘u O-1 kgf/mm8

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Prlnted at Slmco Prlntinp Prerr. Delhi. India