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Logarithmic Functions

This document contains a number of problems involving logarithmic functions, including simplifying logarithmic expressions, solving logarithmic equations, determining the graph of logarithmic functions, and applications involving logarithmic growth and decay. Some key problems include solving equations involving logarithms with different bases, determining the relationship between variables from the linear relationship between their logarithms, and finding the domain and minimum value of a function defined by a sum of logarithms.

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90 views

Logarithmic Functions

This document contains a number of problems involving logarithmic functions, including simplifying logarithmic expressions, solving logarithmic equations, determining the graph of logarithmic functions, and applications involving logarithmic growth and decay. Some key problems include solving equations involving logarithms with different bases, determining the relationship between variables from the linear relationship between their logarithms, and finding the domain and minimum value of a function defined by a sum of logarithms.

Uploaded by

Jjrl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

Mathematics 數學科

DSE

Logarithmic Function

(Elite)
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

Simplifying Logarithmic Functions

5 log x 3
1. Simplify the expression in the form of a fraction, where x > 0 and x  1. (3 marks)
6 log x − log 3 x

1
log a 3 216 + log a 36
2. Simplify 4 without using a calculator (4 marks)
1
log a   − 2 log a 2
9

3.

4.

5.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

Solving Logarithmic Equations

1. Solve the equation 2 log x + log 2 = log(20 − 3x ) . (3 marks)

2. (a) Solve 18 y 2 − 9 y − 5 = 0 . (1 mark)

(b) Hence, solve log3 (2  9 x +1 − 5) = x + 2 . (5 marks)

3. Solve the equation (log2 x) 2 − log2 x6 = 7 . (3 marks)

4. Solve the following equations.


(a) 3x+1 − 2  3x−1 − 43 = 0
(b) log2 ( x − 1) + log2 (2 x + 3) = 3 (6 marks)

5. Solve log(11 − 3𝑥) + log 4 = 3 − log(2 − 𝑥). (4 marks)


N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

Solving Logarithmic Equations with fractional unknowns


3y
1. (a) If log = log( x + 1) − log y , express y in terms of x. ( 3 marks)
x
(b) Solve the equation 52 x = 6 x+3 , and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. (2
marks )

y+4 3 12
2. (a) Solve − = . (3 marks)
4 y − 1 y y (4 y − 1)
(b) Using the result of (a),
2x + 4 3 12
solve − = . (4 marks)
2 x + 2 − 1 2 x 2 x (2 x + 2 − 1)

3.

4. Solve each of the following equations. (6 marks)


6
(a) 3x − 1 − =0
3x

(b) log3 (2 x 2 − 14) = 1 + log3 (2 − x)


N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

Solving Logarithmic Equations with different log-bases

1
1. (a) Show that log4 x = log2 x .
2
9
(b) Solve the equation log4 x + log2 x = . (4 marks)
2

2. Solve the following equations.


(a) 52 x+1 − 26  5 x + 5 = 0

(b) log x 4 − log2 x = 1 (7 marks)

3.

4.

5.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

Logarithmic Expression

1.

2.

3.

4.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

Application (Including Growth or Decay)

1. A culture of bacteria has a population of 10 000 initially. Two hours later, it


increases to 90 000. Given that the number of bacteria (V) after t hours is given by

V = kat , where a is positive, find

(a) the value of k and a, ( 3 marks )


(b) the time required to have a population of 360 000.
(Give the answer correct to 1 decimal place.)

( 2 marks )

2.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

3.

4.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

Linear Relationship of Logarithmic Function and its Application

1. Figure A shows the graph of y = abx, where a and b are constants. Figure B shows the linear relation
between x and log4y. Find the value of b. (3 marks)
log4y
y
y = abx

x x
O O 2

Figure A Figure B

2. The graph in the Figure shows the linear relation between log8 x and log16 y . The intercepts on the

vertical axis and horizontal axis of graph are –2 and 3 respectively. Express the relation between x and

y in the form y = Ax k , where A and k are constants. ( 3 marks )

log16 y

log8 x
0 3

-2

3.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

4.

5.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

6.

7.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

Graph of Logarithmic Function

1.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

2.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

3.
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

Miscellaneous

(With Functions and Graphs)

1. Let f ( x) = log0.5 ( x + 5) + log0.5 (3 − x) .

(a) Find the domain of f (x) . (4 marks)


(b) Find the least value of f (x) . (6 marks)

(With Sum/Product of the roots)


b
2. (a) Let a and b be real numbers with a > 0. Simplify 10loga . (1 mark)

log  1
(b) Let α and β be positive real numbers such that  +  log = and αβ = 10000.
50
Find a quadratic equation whose roots are log α and log β. (4 marks)

3.

(With Simultaneous Equations)

4. (a) Solve the equation 3 x + 5(32 x ) − 4 = 0 . ( 2 marks )

x + 2 y = 8
(b) Solve the simultaneous equations  . ( 3 marks )
log x = 2 log y + 1
N_03_S4_02_Q_EN_ (II)Logarithmic Functions

5.

6.

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