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Fundamental Concepts of Boolean Algebra

Boolean algebra is a form of logic that uses binary variables of 1 and 0 to represent true/false or on/off states. It uses three main operators - NOT, AND, and OR. NOT complements a variable, AND performs logical multiplication, and OR performs logical addition. Boolean algebra can be used to model logic gates and circuits through operations like addition and multiplication on binary variables.

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243 views5 pages

Fundamental Concepts of Boolean Algebra

Boolean algebra is a form of logic that uses binary variables of 1 and 0 to represent true/false or on/off states. It uses three main operators - NOT, AND, and OR. NOT complements a variable, AND performs logical multiplication, and OR performs logical addition. Boolean algebra can be used to model logic gates and circuits through operations like addition and multiplication on binary variables.

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Cizzi Liya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BOOLEAN ALGEBRA

Boolean algebra is a form of algebra that deals with single


digit binary values and variables.
• Values and variables can indicate some of the following
binary pairs of values:
• ON / OFF
• TRUE / FALSE
• HIGH / LOW
• CLOSED / OPEN
•1/0
Three fundamental operators in Boolean algebra
• NOT: unary operator that complements represented as
A′or A
• AND: binary operator which performs logical multiplication
• i.e. ANDed with would be represented as AB or A .B
• OR: binary operator which performs logical addition
• i.e. ORed with would be represented as A+B
Fundamental Concepts of Boolean Algebra:
Boolean algebra is a logical algebra in which symbols are
used to represent logic levels. Any symbol can be used,
however, letters of the alphabet are generally used. Since the
logic levels are generally associated with the symbols 1 and 0,
whatever letters are used as variables that can take the
values of 1 or 0.
Boolean algebra has only two mathematical operations,
addition and multiplication. These operations are associated
with the OR gate and the AND gate, respectively.
Logical Addition: When the + (the logical addition) symbol is
placed between two variables, say X and Y, since both X and Y
can take only the role 0 and 1, we can define the + Symbol by
listing, all possible combinations for X and Y and the resulting
value of X + Y.
The possible input and output combinations may arranged as
follows:
x y= x+y
0+0=0
0 + 1 =1
1+0=1
1+1=1
This table represents a standard binary addition, except for
the last entry. When both' X and Y represents 1‟s, the value
of X + Y is 1. The symbol + therefore does not has the
“Normal” meaning, but is a Logical addition symbol. The plus
symbol (+) read as "OR", therefore X +Y is read as X or Y.
This concept may be extended to any number of variables for
example A + B + C +D = E Even if A, B, C and D all had the
values 1, the sum of the values i.e. is 1.
Logical Multiplication: We can define the "." (logical
multiplication) symbol or AND operator by listing all possible
combinations for (input) variables X and Y and the resulting
(output) value of X. Y as,
0 .0= 0
0 .1 = 0
1 .0 = 0

1 .1 = 1
Note :Three of the basic laws of Boolean algebra are the
same as in ordinary algebra; the commutative law, the
associative law and the distributive law.
X+YZ’

X Y Z
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

X Y Z Z’
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
X Y Z Z’ YZ’ X+YZ’
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 1

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