MODULE NO.

1-B

451`a]693
Santa Monica Institute of Technology
Andrada Building, Cabili Avenue, Pobalcion, Iligan City,
9200 Philippines
Tel. No. 221-2678
Email Add: [email protected]
University
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COURSE CODE: Mathematics 3 (Teaching Mathematics in the Intermediate Grades)
First Semester of A.Y. 2020-2021

Introduction

People use percent to communicate ideas every day. In home, shopping

malls, super markets, grocery stores, online shops, bank saving and interest, credit
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cards charges and penalties, some jobs related on sales are paid based on a
percentage of sales, and so much more. In this lesson, learners may learned many
real life applications about the topic. Enjoy and fun reading and studying.

Rationale

The idea of percent evolved from the use of fractions which have denominators
of 100. The word percent comes from the Latin per centrum, which means out of 100
(or over 100). Review of fractions and proportions may help the learner understand
this topic.
Explore the topic with real life applications and enjoy solving problem.

Learning Outcome:

At the end of this Module ( Percent ), you must be able to:

1. visualizing percent in relation to fractions, ratios, and decimal numbers
using models
2. converting percent to decimal and vice versa
3. defining percentage, rate or percent, and base
4. identifying and finding the base, percentage, and rate in a problem
5. solving routine and non-routine problems involving percentage using
appropriate strategies and tools
6. creating problems involving percentage, with reasonable answers.

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 MODULE NO.1-B
Activity 1-B

Instruction:

1. Make a table and try to record your daily activity/routine amidst with this
pandemic for 7 days cycle, and find out how many percentage you
allocated with each activity from the time you woke up to the time you
are about to sleep at night.
2. Show your activity using a CIRCLE GRAPH. Put some color for each
activity as an indication as well as with the percentage on it.
3. Use OSLO paper.
4. Have your work submitted into your instructor next meeting.
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5. Enjoy working and have fun! GBWU!

Discussion

Percent means “per hundred”. The symbol for percent is %. Using percent is a
way of representing fraction with denominator of 100.
Percents and fractions can be used interchangeably to represent a certain
quantity. And knowing on how to convert will help solve problem faster and easy.

Illustration:
Observe the grid below.

There are 100 square from the grid above and 75 of them were colored filled.

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 MODULE NO.1-B
Compare between the colored and uncolored squares to the total number of
squares in three different ways:

1. as a ratio 75:100
2. as a decimal 75 hundredths; 0. 75
75
3. as a fraction 100
75 1
Therefore, 100 can be written as 75% (100 is replaced with the percent symbol %).

CONVERTING PERCENT TO FRACTION

To convert percent to fraction, drop the symbol %; write 100 as the denominator;
and reduce the fraction in lowest terms.

Example 1:
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48% = ___
48
a. → drop % symbol and write a denominator of 100.
100

48 ÷4 12
b. = → reduce the fraction to simplest form.
100 ÷4 25

12
Therefore, 48% is equal to 25

Example 2:

145% = ___
145
a. 100

145 ÷5 29 9
b. = =1
100 ÷5 20 20

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c. Therefore, 145% is the same as 1 20.

CONVERTING FRACTION TO PERCENT

To convert fraction to percent, simply multiply the numerator and the
denominator by the same number that will give 100 in the denominator. Then, drop
the denominator 100 and add the symbol %.

Example 3:
Jaggy was able to basket 7 out of the 10 shots he made in a basketball game.
What percent of his shots was he able to basket?

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 MODULE NO.1-B
Solution 1:
7 7 × 10 70
= = = 70%
10 10 × 10 100
Therefore, Jaggy was able to basket 70% of his 10 shots.

Solution 2:

7 𝑛
= 100 → cross multiply.
10
7 × 100 = 10 × 𝑛
700 = 10𝑛
700 10𝑛
= 10 → solve for 𝑛
10
70 = 𝑛 → the required percent is 70%
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CHANGING PERCENT TO DECIMALS

To change percent to decimal, drop the symbol % and move decimal point two
places to the left.

Example 4:
1. 17%
17 → drop the symbol %
.17 → move the decimal point 2 places to the left
0.17 → final answer

2. 177%
177 → drop the symbol %
1.77 → move the decimal point 2 places to the left
1.77 → final answer

CHANGING DECIMALS TO PERCENT

To change decimal to percent, move the decimal point 2 places to the right
then add the symbol %.

Example 6:

1. 0.77
77 → move the decimal point 2 places to the right
77% → add the symbol %

2. 1.77
177 → move the decimal point 2 places to the right
177% → add the symbol %

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 MODULE NO.1-B
FINDING THE PERCENTAGE OF A NUMBER
To find the percent of a number, change the percent (R) to a fraction or
decimal. Then, multiply the fraction or decimal form of the percent ® to the base (B).
P=RxB
Where P is the percentage of the number;
R is the rate (%)
B is the base (or the original, total number).

Example 7:
What is 18% of 150?
Solution :
18 9
18% = 100 = 50 or 18% = 0.18
9 150
P= × P = 0.18 x 150
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50 1
9 3
P=1 × P = 27
1
P = 27
Therefore, 18% of 150 is 27.

Example 8:
How many items did Allyn miss in a 75-item quiz if she wasn’t able to answer 20%
of them?
Solution:
20 1
20% = 100 = 5 or 20% = 0.2
1 75
P=5 × P = 0.2 x 75
1
P = 15 P = 15
Therefore, Allyn missed 15 items in the quiz.

FINDING THE PERCENT

Finding the percent of a number (R) requires simple division. And can also use
the ideas of equivalent fractions.
1
 25% means of a number
4
1
 50% means 2 of a number
3
 75% means 4 of a number
 100% means the number itself.

To find the percent or rate:

 Divide the percentage by the base and convert the quotient to percent.
𝑃
 Write a fraction 𝐵 and form an equivalent fraction which has 100 as the
denominator. Then, solve for rate.

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 MODULE NO.1-B
Example 9:

What percent of 60 is 15?

Solution 1: Solution 2:
𝑃 15 𝑅
R=𝐵 =
60 100
15 15 𝑅
= 60 𝑜𝑟 15 ÷ 60 100 × = × 100 → multiply each side of the
60 100
= 0.25 or 25% equation by 100
75
=R
3
R = 25%

Example 10:
The newly built Santa Monica Institute of Technology School building has 40
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classrooms in all. Only 28 rooms have been painted so far. What percent of the
rooms are not yet painted?

40 – 28 = 12 rooms are not yet painted.

12 is what percent of 40?
P=RxB

Solution 1: Solution 2:
𝑃 12 𝑅
R=𝐵 =
40 100
12 12 𝑅
= 40 or 24 ÷ 40 100 × = × 100
40 100
60
= 0.3 or 30% =R
2
R = 30%
Therefore, 30% of the rooms are not yet painted.

FINDING THE BASE

To solve for the base, we simply divide the percentage by the rate. Use the
𝑃
formula 𝐵 = 𝑅.

Example 11:
Alex gave his brother ₱18 which was 6% of his money. How much was Alex’s
money at the beginning?

Solution 1:
𝑃
B=𝐵
₱18
= → convert percent to decimal and then divide
0.06
= ₱300

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 MODULE NO.1-B
Solution 2:
 To solve the above problem simply compute the rate of the two quantities.
₱18:6%
6 | ₱18 ∶ 6%
| 3 ∶ 1%
The rate is ₱3 : 1%
 Creating a proportion with 100% as the denominator, is
₱3 𝑁
=
1% 100%
₱3 × 100 ₱300
= = ₱300
1% × 100 100%

Therefore, Alex’s money at the beginning was ₱300.

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Exercise 1-B

I. Complete the tables below.

A.

Fraction Decimal Percent

1.35

15
1
75

890%

4.23

8
1
215

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B.
Base Rate Percentage

20 40%

80 16

40% 25

3000 88%
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2% 4

II. Solve for what is asked.

1. 50% of 30 is __________
2. 150 is 90% of __________
3. 16 is 52% of __________
4. __________of 90 is 12
5. 80 is __________ % of 640.
6. 1000 is __________ % of 500
7. 79% of 1000 is __________
8. 62% of __________is 104
9. 74 is 29% of __________
10. 16% of 555 is __________

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 MODULE NO.1-B
Assessment 1- B

Solve the following problems.

1. How many items did Jose miss in a 85 – item test if he was not able to answer
12% of them?
2. There were 3003 students in a conference. 75 of them from were from the
Cagayan de Oro. What percent of the participants were from Cagayan de
Oro?
3. Seventy – five eggs delivered to Jaggy Store were cracked. This represents
30% of the total package. How many eggs were in the package?
4. Mr. Vergara receives ₱ 18, 500 salary each month. He saves ₱4, 500 for every
month. What percent of his salary does he save?
5. Seventy-nine percent of 200 is what percent of 1 380?
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Project 1- B

Instruction:
Create a word problem given the following information.
1. 30%
5 boys
50 total students

2. (50% x ₱55, 000) + (20% x ₱22, 000) = N

Resources

Dela Cruz, Eduardo Jr. et al (2016). Math for 21st Century Learners G-5. Phoenix
Publishing House Inc. Quezon City.

Buenaventura, Ma. Christina et al (2017). Math Beyond Excellence G-4. JFC

Publishing House, INC. Quezon City.

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