Experiment #7

Title: Resonance

I. Introduction
This experiment demonstrates the characteristics of an Alternating Current (AC) circuit mainly it
revolves about the RLC circuit especially on resonance as the title suggests whereas Resonance
is a condition that may prevail in an RLC circuit wherein the total current is in phase with the
applied voltage. This condition happens only in purely resistive circuits. However, under certain
circumstances, such a condition may also happen in RLC circuits. (Rebong, n.d).

Mainly the National Instrument Multisim was used to conduct the different types of trials and the
data gathered was also from this software, NI Multisim is a software that allows you to create,
design, and simulate circuits for educational/research purposes. This experiment tackles about
the resonance, it’s basic function, on how does it work, and what is the reason behind it.

II. Wiring Circuit

Figure 1.1 – Schematic for RUN 1

 Figure 1.2 – Schematic for RUN 2

III. Data and Computation

VT = 46.669 V
Table 1.1 ; Measured values for RUN 1
 VT = 46.669 V
Table 1.2 ; Measured values for RUN 2

IV. Answers to Questions and Solution to Problems

Exercises :
Exercise 1: From the results of RUN 1 as shown in Table 7.1, plot the graph of the frequency
against the total current, IT , using the axes suggested in Figure 7.8.

Graph of Frequency VS Total Current in Series Resonance

300

250

200
Total Current (mA)

150

100

50

0
600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Frequency(Hz)

Figure 2.1 – Graph of Frequency VS Total Current in Series Resonance

Exercise 2: From the results of RUN 2 as shown in 7.2, plot the graph of the frequency against
total current, IT , using the axes suggested in Figure 7.9.

Graph of Frequency VS Total Current in Parallel Resonance

35

30
Total Curre nt (m A )

25

20

15

10

0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1900 2000
Frequency(Hz)

Figure 2.2 – Graph of Frequency VS Total Current in Parallel Resonance

Questions and Problems ;

1. From the graph of Figure 7.8, what can you say about the current at the resonant frequency?
-It can be observed that the peak value for current can be found with a frequency of 1000 Hz
which means that to reach the peak current you need to have just the right frequency not too
much and not little where it can be observed that as you see from the values of frequency the
closer it is to the value of 1000 Hz the higher the total current and the further the lesser the total
current is.

2. From the graph of Figure 7.9, what can you say about the current at the resonant frequency?
-It can be said that as you get past the value of 1000 Hz the total current decreases and rises once
again at the 1900-2000 Hz and it can be seen that the lowest value for total current can be
obtained through the value of 1700 Hz frequency.

3. A coil of 30 ohm resistance and 106 mH inductance is connected in series with a variable
capacitor to a 200 V, 60 cycle source. Find the capacitance of the capacitor that would place the
circuit at resonance. Also find the total current and power under this condition.
 1
R=30 ohmsL=106 mH V =200V ω °=60 rad / s60=
2 π √( 106 )( c )

C=66.38 μF
V 200
I T= = =6.67 A P=VI =( 200 )( 6.67 )=1334 W
R 30

4. In the two-branch parallel circuit below, find the two values of inductance L that will place the
circuit under resonance conditions. Also find the resulting line currents. The supply voltage is
230 volts, 60 Hz.

R L=40 ohmsRC =20 ohmsC=40 μFV =230V f =60 Hz

1
XC = =66.315 ohms=X L X L =2 π ( 60 ) L
2 π ( 60 ) ( 40 x 10−6 )

XL 66.315
L= = =175.906 mH
2 π ( 60 ) 2 π ( 60 )

( 40+66.315 j ) ( 20−66.315 j )
ZT = =86.628−22.105 iohms
( 40+66.315 j )+ (20−66.315 j )

230 230
I T= =2.493+0.636 i=2.573< 14.312 A I L = =2.97←58.9 A
86.628−22.105i 40+66.315 i

230
I C= =3.32< 73.22 A
20−66.315 i
V. Data analysis and interpretation
For this experiment it was conducted by creating a circuit base on the schematic diagram that
was given on this experiment an ammeter was placed to measure the current and voltmeter was
placed to measure the voltage, the following data that was measured was then recorded on the
table.

Table 1.1 ; Measured values for RUN 1

The table above shows the following data that were measured by conducting the different trials
from the experiment where it can be seen that unto the voltage at the resistor which can be
denoted as VR it can be seen that as the value of frequency approaches that of 1000 Hz the
voltage increases and shall reach its peak value when the frequency is at the value of 1000 Hz
and shall decrease again as the value of frequency goes further from 1000 Hz the same can be
said for the voltages at the impedance block and the capacitor and is also applicable to the total
current thus is it can be said that 1000 Hz is considered as the resonant frequency.
 Table 1.2 ; Measured values for RUN 2
The table above show the measured and calculated value from run 2 where the circuit is
parallel resonance thus showing the characteristics of a resonance in a parallel RLC circuit,
moving on it can be seen that the current at the resistor and inductor (I RL) decreases as the
value of frequency rises or the value of frequency is further from 1000 Hz either less or more
than of the said value, thus it can be interpreted that the value of the mentioned variables is
inversely proportional, but not the same can be said to that of the current as the resistor and
capacitor (IRC) where it can be observed above from the table that as the frequency rises the
current at the resistor and capacitor also increases thus it can be said that the I RC is directly
proportional to that of frequency.
 Graph of Frequency VS Total Current in Series Resonance
300

250
Total Current (mA)

200

150

100

50

0
600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Frequency(Hz)

Figure 2.1 – Graph of Frequency VS Total Current in Series Resonance

The graph above that can be seen using the values of the total current and frequency in series
resonance it can be seen that as the value of frequency approaches that of 1000 Hz it reaches its
peak value thus it can be considered that the resonance frequency is equal to 1000 Hz and from
the shape of the graph it can be seen that as you move away from the value of frequency that is
equal to 1000 Hz the total current decreases.
 Graph of Frequency VS Total Current in Parallel Resonance
35

30

25
Total Current (mA)

20

15

10

0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1900 2000
Frequency(Hz)

Figure 2.2 – Graph of Frequency VS Total Current in Parallel Resonance

Upon careful observation and analysis it can be seen from the figure above that the line is
directed downward where it can be seen that as the frequency increases the total current
decreases thus it can be said that the relationship between the said variable is inversely
proportional. It is evident that from the table above the relationship between the said variables
and it can also be seen that the total current increases only when the value of frequency is at
1900 Hz it can be observed above a small upward line.
VI. Findings and Conclusion

Conducting this experiment had broaden my knowledge about circuits especially on RLC circuit,
whereas I found while conducting this experiment that resonance in a series RLC circuit is there
becomes a frequency point were the inductive reactance of the inductor becomes equal in value
to the capacitive reactance of the capacitor. In other words, XL = XC. The point at which this
occurs is called the Resonant Frequency point, ( ƒr ) of the circuit, and as on run 1 is about
analysing a series RLC circuit this resonance frequency produces a Series Resonance which is
equal to 1000 Hz as demonstrated from this experiment. Whereas in an parallel circuit containing
a resistance, R, an inductance, L and a capacitance, C will produce a parallel resonance (also
called anti-resonance) circuit when the resultant current through the parallel combination is in
phase with the supply voltage. At resonance there will be a large circulating current between the
inductor and the capacitor due to the energy of the oscillations, then parallel circuits produce
current resonance which can be seen evidently based on the results and gathered data unto this
experiment. (Electronics Tutorials, n.d).

Another thing that I had noticed upon carefully observing the following data that were gathered
was that in an series RLC resonance circuit was that the resonance frequency is 1000 Hz where it
can be seen that the peak value for each voltages can be obtained when the value of frequency is
equal to that 1000 Hz after that the voltage decreases as it strays farther from the said value
(1000 Hz) and that in a parallel RLC resonance circuit the same thing can be said but the
opposite the parallel resonance is equal to 1700 Hz where unlike in series resonance where you
will get the peak here instead you will get the lowest value with the parallel resonance which is
1700 Hz and the total current will begin to increase as it strays further away from the frequency
of 1700 Hz.
VII. References

Series resonance in a Series RLC resonant circuit. (2020, May 01). Retrieved April 29, 2021,
from https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/accircuits/series-resonance.html

Parallel resonance and parallel RLC resonant circuit. (2018, October 15). Retrieved April 29,
2021, from https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/accircuits/parallel-resonance.html

Rebong, A. (n.d). Capacitive Circuits Experiment No. 7. University of the East-Caloocan

Submitted by: Juan, Neslee Jude R.

Subject and Section: NEE2202 – 1-EC