E2-E3

CM

CDMA 2000 1X Overview

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 WELCOME

This is a presentation for the E2-E3

Consumer Mobility Module for the Topic:
CDMA 2000 1X Overview
Eligibility: Those who have got the
Upgradation from E2 to E3.
This presentation is last updated on 17-03-
2011.
You can also visit the Digital library of BSNL
to see this topic.
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 CDMA

CDMA (code division multiple access) is

a mobile digital radio technology that
transmits streams of bits and whose
channels are divided using codes (PN
sequences).

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CDMA2000-1X New Features

High speed packet data capabilities;

Increased mobile standby battery life;
Total backward compatibility to reuse
switch and call processing features;

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CDMA2000-1X New Features

Forward link
Fast power control
IS-95 -- 50Hz (every 20 ms )
IS-2000 -- 800Hz (every 1.25 ms)

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 Spectrum Flexibility
 Providing full functionality in multiple spectrum bands
 Providing more frequency options

450M uplink: 450 — 457.475(MHz)

downlink: 460 — 467.475(MHz)
800M uplink: 824 — 849(MHz)
downlink: 869 — 894(MHz)
1900M uplink : 1850 — 1910(MHz)
downlink: 1930 — 1990(MHz)
2100M uplink: 1920 — 1980 (MHz)
downlink: 2110 — 2170(MHz)

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 Evolution of CDMA
Networks
 CDMA technology was late entrant into 2G landscape.

 Earlier CDMA technology was used in defense establishments

as a more secure form of communication.

 First deployment of CDMA in commercial cellular systems

was in 1994-95 only with IS-95 A as air-interface standard
and IS-41 in core network; the complete network known as
cdmaOne.

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 Evolution of CDMA Networks

 Next evolutionary step was use of IS-95B air interface standard

which supported maximum data rate up-to 64 kbps to a user.

 Further in CDMA 2000 1x version many of the limitations of

earlier IS-95 standard were overcome and new features
were added.

 As a result CDMA 2000 1x has a higher voice capacity and

better handling of packet data services.

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CDMA Evolution

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Subsystems in CDMA 2000 1X

• BSS( Base station Subsystem)

• MSS( Mobile Switching Sub-system)
• OMC( Operation maintenance Center)

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 BSS

• BTS
• BSC

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 MSS

• MSC
• VLR
• HLR
• SC
• AUC
• PSTN
• ISDN
• SME

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 Mobile switch center (MSC)
• Performs control and switching to the mobile stations
within the area that it serves.
• It is responsible for setting up, managing and clearing
connections as well as routing the calls to the proper
user.
• It provides the network interfaces, the charging function
and the function of processing the signaling.
• MSC get data for call handling from 3 databases:
VLR/HLR/AUC

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 Visitor location register (VLR)

• The VLR also stores necessary

information for the establishment of calls in
the database for the MSC to search.
• Visitor Location Register(VLR)
• VLR is a dynamic database used by MSC
for information index. It stores all related
information of mobile subscribers that
enter its coverage area, which enables
MSC to set up incoming and outgoing calls.
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 VLR

• Subscriber parameters include:

subscriber number, location area identity
(LAI), user’s status, services which
subscriber can use and so on.
• When the subscriber leaves this area, it
should register in another VLR, and the
previous VLR will delete all the data about
this subscriber.
• VLR can be built together with the MSC or
set separately.
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 HLR includes the following two
types in information:

• Subscription information
• Subscriber-related information stored in
the HLR

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 Subscription information

• Some location information that enables he

realization of call routing.

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 The HLR also contains the following
mobile subscriber information:

• Data services
• IN services
• Short message service data
• Service restriction (such as roaming
restriction)
• Supplementary service parameters

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 HLR

• HLR: It is a static database. When a user

apply for mobile service, all data about this
subscriber will be stored in HLR.
• Information:
• ----Subscriber information
• ----The mobile subscriber location
(MSC/VLR address), so as to set up the
call route to the MS.

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 Authentication center (AUC)

• It implement mobile subscriber

authentication, stores the mobile
subscriber authentication parameters, and
is able to generate and transmit the
corresponding authentication parameters
based on the request from MSC/VLR.

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 Data stored in AUC

• 1. Authentication key (A_KEY);

• 2. Share secret data (SSD);
• 3. Mobile identification
number/international mobile subscriber
identity (MIN/IMSI);
• 4. Authentication algorithm

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Short message center (MC or SC)

• The short message center works in

coordination with other entities such as
MSC, HLR to implement the reception,
storing and transfer of the short messages
from CDMA cellular mobile communication
system subscribers, and store subscriber-
related short message data.

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Operation and maintenance Center
(OMC)

• The OMC provides the network operator

with network operation and maintenance
services, manages the subscriber
information and implements network
planning, to enhance the overall working
efficiency and service quality of the system

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 Interfaces

Um Interface
Abis interface
A-interface
B-interface
C-interface
D-interface
E-interface
F-interface
H-interface
M-interface
N-interface
Q-interface
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 Um Interface

• Um interface defines the communication

interface between MS and BTS, also
called air interface.
• • It realizes the compatibility between all
kinds of MS and different BTS, so that the
MS can roaming.(It is an open interface)
• It realizes the physical connection
between MS and CDMA network.(that is
wireless link).

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 Abis interface

• The interface between BTS and BSC,

used for remote connection.
• 2.048 Mb/s PCM digital link

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 A Interface

• A-interface is an open interface (between

MSC and BSC)
• This is mainly used to transmit the
following information:
• 1. BSS management information,
• 2. Call processing, and
• 3. Mobility management information.

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 B Interface( MSC to VLR)

• When the MSC needs the subscriber data

of the particular MSC area, the MSC is to
inquire the VLR; in the case of mobile
station location updating, the MSC will
request VLR to store the related
information

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 C-interface

• Interface between the MSC and the HLR.

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 D-interface

• Interface between VLR and HLR

• This interface is used for switching of
subscriber location information,
authorization information and service data.
• The HLR sends the subscriber service data required by
the VLR. The switching data usually occurs when a
subscriber requests for a special service, or when a
subscriber or network operator modifies the subscriber
data.

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 E- Interface

• When a mobile station roams from one

MSC to another, the MSC will perform
handoff in order to keep the subscribers’
conversation uninterrupted. In this case
data switching must be implemented
between the MSCs.
• Interface between MSC and MSC

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 F Interface

• When the mobile station is in

communication, and the MSC
authenticates the mobile station, it has to
inquire the EIR, so as to determine
whether the mobile station is legal
• Interface between MSC and EIR

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 H Interface

• When the HLR receives an authentication

request from an MS, the HLR gets data
from the AUC. When the AUC initiates the
authentication instruction to the MS, the
AUC transfers the authentication
information to the subscriber via the HLR.
• Interface between HLR and AUC

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 M-interface

• Interface between MC and SME and MC

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 N Interface

• When the short message center sends a

short message to a subscriber, if the
called subscriber’s address information is
not available, it has to inquire the HLR for
the subscriber’s route before it can send
the short message to the subscriber.
• Interface between HLR and MC

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 Interface between MC and MSC
(Q-interface)

• During the submission and reception of a

short message, short message transfer
needs to be conducted between the short
message center and mobile switching
center. At the same time, when the
subscriber’s short message capability
changes, the mobile switching center
needs to notify the short message center
in time.

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 Interface between MSC and OMC

• This interface conforms to the network

requirements of TMN, and provides
standard Q3 interface

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 (Ai/Di Interfaces)

• The CDMA digital cellular mobile network

inter-works with PSTN/ISDN through the
mobile switching center (MSC) and
provides voice, data and certain
supplementary services for subscribers.
• Interfaces with PSTN/ISDN

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 Features MSS system

• High-reliability and high-performance

database system
• Networking capability - large capacity and
flexible configuration
• Virtual HLR and SC functions
• Powerful service functions

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Architecture of CDMA2000 1X

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 What is CDMA2000 1xEV-DO?
• 1xEV-DO is a high-performance and cost-
effective Internet access solution
• Capable of up to 2.4 Mbps peak data rate on a 1x
(1.25 MHz bandwidth) carrier
The Next Enabling
• Separate 1xEV carrier optimized for Packet Data
Technology for
Growth

Next Generation
Performance
Today!

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Dual Mode Operation with 1x/EVDO

 As 1xEV-DO supports only data traffic, a total voice

and data solution needs integrating cdma2000 1x and
1xEV-DO
 Dual mode handset keeps same IMSI any time.
 Dual mode handset can simultaneously monitor two
systems paging message.
 When dual mode handset is in active state under 1xEV-
DO, it will periodically monitor 1X system paging
channel To guarantee not to miss 1X voice call.
 Packet data service handoff can happen between 1x and
EVDO

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ZTE Supply All Products

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