College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science

C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World

First Semester | AY 2020-2021

Module 6 (Week 6) in C – GEC 4:

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

First Semester AY 2020-2021

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 1 | Page

 College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science
C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World
First Semester | AY 2020-2021

A. Course Code /Title : C-GEC4– MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

B. Module Number : 6 -Linear Regression Analysis
C. Time Frame : Three (3) hours
D. Materials : Syllabus, online module, references, online resources

I. Overview

In this module, we will learn regression analysis as a related technique to assess the
relationship between an outcome variable and one or more risk factors or confounding variables.
The outcome variable is also called the response or dependent variable and the risk factors and
confounders are called the predictors, or explanatory or independent variables. In regression
analysis, the dependent variable is denoted "y" and the independent variables are denoted by "x".
This technique is strictly connected to the linear regression analysis that is a statistical approach
for modeling the association between a dependent variable and independent variables. The aim of
this work is to provide a general overview of correlation analysis in order to apply it to biomedical
applications. Investors can use changes in correlation statistics to identify new trends in the
financial markets, the economy, and stock prices.

II. Desired Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, the learner should be able to:
(1) Use the methods of linear regression and correlations to predict the value of a variable
given certain conditions
(2) Recognize the importance of statistical regression analyses in making decision, in
research, in trend forecasting and statistical endeavor such as in finance and investing.

III. Content / Discussion

Module 6 - LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Linear regression is a basic and commonly used type of predictive analysis.  The overall idea
of regression is to examine two things:
(1) Does a set of predictor variables do a good job in predicting an outcome (dependent)
variable?  
(2) Which variables in particular are significant predictors of the outcome variable, and in
what way do they–indicated by the magnitude and sign of the beta estimates–impact the
outcome variable?  

These regression estimates are used to explain the relationship between one dependent
variable and one or more independent variables.

⮚ Linear Regression Analysis is used when predicting the behavioral of a variable. It is a simple
statistical tool used to model the dependence of a variable on one or more explanatory
variables. The regression equation explains the amount of variations observable in the
independent variable x. It is actually an equation of a straight line in the form:
Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 2 | Page
 College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science
C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World
First Semester | AY 2020-2021

y = mx + b -------- Simple Linear Regression Equation

Where:
y = Dependent variable or predicted value or criterion measure
x = Independent (explanatory) variable or predictor
m = beta weight or the slope of the line
b = y - intercept or ordinate or the point where the regression line
crosses the y-axis

ALTERNATIVE FORMULA in getting the y- intercept, b

⮚ Regression analysis is a powerful statistical method that allows you to examine the
relationship between two or more variables of interest. It is a reliable method of identifying
which variables have impact on a topic of interest. The process of performing a regression
allows you to confidently determine which factors matter most, which factors can be ignored,
and how these factors influence each other.
Three major uses for regression analysis are :
(1) determining the strength of predictors : the regression might be used to identify the
strength of the effect that the independent variable(s) have on a dependent
variable.  Typical questions are what is the strength of relationship between dose and
effect, sales and marketing spending, or age and income.
(2) forecasting an effect : it can be used to forecast effects or impact of changes.  That is, the
regression analysis helps us to understand how much the dependent variable changes
with a change in one or more independent variables.  A typical question is, “how
much additional sales income do I get for each additional say Php10, 000 spent on
marketing?”

(3) trend forecasting : regression analysis predicts trends and future values.  The regression
analysis can be used to get point estimates.  A typical question is, “what will the price
of gold be in 6 months?”

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 College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science
C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World
First Semester | AY 2020-2021

Example #1 : The data in the table represent the membership at a University Statistics Club
during the past 7 years.

No. of years, x Membership, y xy x2

1 25 25 1
2 30 60 4
3 32 94 9
4 45 4 16
5 50 5 25
6 57 6 36
7 63 7 49

Σx= 28 Σy= 302 Σxy= 1394 Σx2= 140

Formulate the regression equation of the form y = mx + b to predict the membership 5 years from
now.

Compute for the y- intercept, b Compute for the slope, m

The regression equation is : y = mx + b

y = 6.643x + 16.571

Predict the number of membership 5 years from now ( on the 12 th year) : x = 12

y = 6.643x + 16.571
y = 6.643(12) + 16.571
y = 96.275 ≈ 97 members

Example #2 : The manager of a leading retailer of a building supplies must place a monthly
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 College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science
C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World
First Semester | AY 2020-2021

order for plumbing fixtures. He wants to know how he might anticipate the demand
for fixture in Manila, If the demand in Cebu is 43 units . What will be the predicted
demand in Manila?

No. of Demand Demand

Market in Market in xy x2
demand
Cebu, x Manila , y
1 10 28 280 10
2 18 21 378 18
3 15 16 240 15
4 12 14 168 12
5 14 12 168 14
6 16 10 160 16
7 25 19 475 25
8 28 18 504 28
9 30 32 960 30
10 17 29 493 17
n = 10 Σx= 185 Σy= 199 Σxy= 3826 Σx2= 3843

Formulate the regression equation of the form y = mx + b to predict the demand in Manila.

Compute for the y- intercept, b Compute for the slope, m

ALTERNATIVE FORMULA in getting the y- intercept, b

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 College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science
C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World
First Semester | AY 2020-2021

The regression equation is : y = mx + b

y = 0.344 x + 13. 543
Predict the demand in Manila when the demand in Cebu is 43 units: x = 43
y = 0.344 x + 13. 543
y = 0.344 (43) + 13. 543
y = 28. 335 ≈ 29 units

Example #3 : The following are the number of hours which 12 students studied for a midterm
examination and the grades obtained in Statistics. Find the regression equation and
predict the grade in Statistics when the number of hours studied is 17.

Number of Midterm
Hours Studied, x Grade xy x2
y
5 50
6 60
11 79
20 90
19 85
20 92
10 80
12 82
8 65
15 85
18 94
10 70

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 College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science
C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World
First Semester | AY 2020-2021

IV. Activity# 1
Now that you had gone through The Fibonacci Sequence you are now ready to do the
following. Submit the Word output following this format.
Name: Gabrielle Rivera Date: 01/10/2020
Course& Yr.& Section:Acc 1C SCORE: ________________
Activity #1 : LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS
1. The president of a courier service (delivery business) wants to find an equation which
relates the distance traveled per trip by their delivery vehicles with gross income earned per trip.
He collects information from 10 randomly selected trips.
Distance in km 16 25.6 24.5 28 27.5 18.6 20 14 10.1 23. 8

Gross income in 260 450.2 330.5 450 350.7 285.6 300 280 250 365.4
pesos

Find the estimate regression equation which will help the president of the courier business
predict the gross income per distance traveled by their courier vehicles. Predict the gross income
for a trip of 30 km, 15 km, and 10 km.

y=426.03 if x =30
y=274.43 if x = 15
y=223.63 if x = 10

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 College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science
C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World
First Semester | AY 2020-2021

2. The following table shows the percent of water and the number of calories in various canned
soups to which 100 g of water are added. Find the equation of the regression line. Round
constants to the nearest hundredth. Use the equation to find the expected number of calories
in a soup that is 89% water. Round to the nearest whole number.

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 College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science
C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World
First Semester | AY 2020-2021

V. EVALUATION

NAME : Gabrielle C. Rivera SCORE : _____________________

PROGRAM/YEAR LEVEL: ACC 1-C DATE : 30/09/2020

QUIZ - LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS

I. SOLVE THE FOLOWING

1. A teacher wants to find out whether a relationship exists between her students’ General
Weighted Average and the result of their exam in the Entrance Test for Graduate School Program. .
What regression equation could be used to estimate student’s General Weighted Average ?
Compute and predict the GWA when the score of a student in the Entrance Test for Graduate
School Program is 88 .

Student
SCORES, x GWA, y  xy x2
No.
1 98 2.55 249.9 9604
2 2.82 253.8 8100
90
3 2.73 259.35 9025
95
4 2.72 252.96 8649
93
5 2.88 285.12 9801
99
6 2.80 271.6 9409
97
7 2.53 247.94 9604
98
8 2.09 202.73 9409
97
9 2.75 258.5 8836
94
10 1.55 153.45 9801
99
11 2.62 248.9 9025
95
12 2.86 271.7 9025
95
13 2.35 223.25 9025
95
14 2.31 224.07 9409
97
15 2.66 260.68 9604
98
1440 38.22 3663.95 138326

b=8.32
m= -0.060116279 y=3.03
2. A psychologist wants to determine whether there is a relationship between how long it takes
a subject to complete a manual task and the number of hours of sleep the subject had the
night before. The results from a study of 10 people are given in the following table. Form a

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 College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science
C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World
First Semester | AY 2020-2021

regression equation to predict the number of minutes to complete the task if the number of
hours of sleep is 6.9.

Hours of sleep, Minutes to

xy x2
x complete task, y
6.2 9.0 55.8 38.44
8.1 8.6 69.66 65.61
7.5 8.4 63 56.25
8.4 8.6 72.4 70.56
5.0 10.0 50 25
6.2 9.3 57.66 38.44
4.8 9.9 47.52 23.04
8.0 8.9 71.2 64
3.8 10.4 39.52 14.44
5.9 9.1 53.69 34.81
63.9 92.2 580.29 430.59

b=11.76463694
m= -0.398221743
y= 9.016906913 or 9.02

References
Alejan, Alejan O. et.al. (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
Potrero, Malabon City Philippines

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 College of Information Technology, Computing and Library Science
C– GEC 4: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern World
First Semester | AY 2020-2021

Aufmann, R. et.al. (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. Rex Book Store Inc. Sampaloc
Manila Philippines
Baltazar, et.al. (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. C & E Publishing Inc. 839, EDSA South
Triangle, Quezon City
Carpio, J. & Peralta B. (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Barangka Drive, Mandaluyong City
Nocon, Rizaldi C., et.al. (2016). Essential Mathematics for the Modern World. C & E
Publishing,Inc. South Triangle, Quezon City Philippines
Reyes, Juan Apolinario C., (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. Unlimited Books Library
Services & Publishing Inc. Intramuros Manila Philippines

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/regression-analysis/
https://www.statisticssolutions.com/what-is-linear-regression/

Congratulations for having completed this C-GEC4 Module 6 !

Meet you in the next Module

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