Water Repellents

Selection Guide Europe

Benefits of the use of silicones in

construction substrates
All construction materials are exposed to damaging
environments ranging from water ingression, to
abrasion by air-borne particles, attack by organisms,
to accidental spillages. The XIAMETER® brand has a
range of products for use in formulations applied to a
diverse range of substrates including:
Silicone molecule
• Structural Concrete
• Pavers/Flagstones
• Sandstone
• Limestone/Marble
• Bricks/Tile
• Wood

For use either as preventative or remedial treatment for

Façade, OEM or Damp Proof Course (DPC).

They provide a variety of benefits:

• Improved long term protection Brick treated with Dow Corning® Z-6689 Water Repellent
• Reduced maintenance time/costs
• Reduced efflorescence
• Reduced Spalling (freeze-thaw damage)
• Strengthening fragile masonry
• Reduced staining/easier cleaning
• Dimensional stability of wood

Through unique properties of silicone based

technology:

• Repellency to water and oil, depending on

attached groups
• Permeable to water vapour Concrete treated with Dow Corning® Z-6689 Water Repellent
 • Durable; chemically reacts with substrate and
itself
• Deep penetrating; small molecular size
• Low surface tension
• UV stable

1.1 Performance aspects of silicones Wood protected with Dow Corning® 2-9034 Emulsion
Protection
Silicones are capable of penetrating and forming a
protective repellent layer several millimetres deep
within the substrate, with little appreciable effect on
the water vapour transmission rate through pores and
capillaries. As the depth of treatment is significant,
abrasion of the surface has little or no effect on
performance. Other treatments to give repellency XIAMETER® MHX-1109 Fluid protection against
block or seal only the very top of these pores and efflorescence in limestone
capillaries. This results in greater reductions of vapour
transmission, together with less abrasion resistance,
as the depth of protection is significantly less.

Small molecular size; UV-light Lower surface

porous penetration resistance energy; increased
substrate contact angle

Reduced
capillary

Permeable to
water vapor

Treated Non-treated

Figure 1 – Silicone-based water repellents when delivered to the surface penetrate deeply.
They chemically react with the substrate and themselves to provide durability protection, also
they allow moisture vapour to pass.
1.2 Physical and Chemical properties of +H2O SUB
SUBS O –Si -X-X
O –S i

++ ROH
ROH
Silicones SS OH
RO

uu
Silicones are present in many forms and are often used bb
Si
in combination to give the specifi c properties required ss OH RO
tt
for effective treatments. rr
aa RO
OH
tt
ee
1.2.1 Silanes
Silanes are the smallest silicone ensuring good Where RO is an alkoxy group, typically methoxy or ethoxy,
Depth of Penetration into substrates. They react with with the capability to react with hydroxy (OH) groups on the
themselves and any hydroxy (OH) groups within the substrate
substrate when moisture is present, forming a silicone
resin network. This formation of strong chemical X is an organic group such as butyl or octyl to give
bonds provides the durability attributed to siloxane hydrophobicity. To give oil repellency X would contain
treatments. fluorine containing groups
For strengthening X = RO
1.2.2 Polymers
Water Beading – droplets repelled
Silicone linear polymers are helical in shape, providing by methyl groups
a lot of free space within their structure for individual
water vapour molecules to pass through, whilst water
droplets are repelled by the hydrophobic methyl
C H3 C H3 C H3 C H3
(CH3) groups which orientate to the outside, giving
repellency to liquid water.

The low surface tension of the methyl groups enables

silicones to spread easily, forming a molecular layer
penetrating into the substrate.

Various groups can be substituted onto the polymers Water vapour – can pass through
enabling chemical reactivity with the substrate and the open silicone
other silicone molecules. structure

Polymers can be linear or cyclic, with various groups

substituted into the positions shown below.
Group Position Reactive Function
Alkyl A or B N Water repellency
Fluoroalkyl B N Oil and Water
repellency
Amino A or B N Catalytic
Alkoxy A Y X-linking
Hydroxyl A Y X-linking
Hydrogen B Y X-linking
A and B are substituted groups.
Recommendations of suitability of products for use on Chemically bonded Interface
various substrates in the following pages are based on
consideration of the polymer type and blend required
to achieve optimum performance. -O - Si – R

-O - Si – R
Cloud of
-O - Si – R water repellent
Substrate organic groups
-O - Si – R

-O - Si – R
100% 40% 20% 5%
6mm 4-5mm 3-4mm 1-3mm

XIAMETER® OFS-6341 Silane:

DOP at Various Concentrations

Impregnated repellent layer substrate

 Concrete

DPC

Wood
Perlite
Marble
Granite
Gypsum
Old
New

Roof Tiles
Chemistry

Limestone
Sandstone
Blocks

Wall Bricks

Mortar/Grout
Pavers Flagstones
Floor Tiles Terracotta

Main application
XIAMETER®
OFS-6403 Silane
XIAMETER® Silanes
OFS-6341 Silane
XIAMETER®
OFS-2306 Silane
European Selection Guide by substrate

XIAMETER® TEOS
OFS-6697 Silane
Dow Corning® Z-6688
Water Repellent Gel

Secondary application
Silane Gels
Dow Corning® Z-6684
Water Repellent Gel
Dow Corning® Z-6689 Silane/Siloxane
Water Repellent (solvent dilutable)
Dow Corning® 1-6184 Amino Silicone Fluid

OEM use
Water Repellent (water based)
Dow Corning® 520
Dilutable Water Repellent Silane/Siloxane
Dow Corning® IE-6683 (water dilutable)
Water Repellent
XIAMETER® Siliconate
OFS-0777 Siliconate
XIAMETER®
MHX-1109 Fluid
Specialty Fluids
XIAMETER®
MHX-1107 Fluid
Dow Corning® 2-9034 (EU)

OEM or main Post treatment

Silicone/Organic Blends
Emulsion
European Selection Guide by properties
Solvent Chemistry Substrate pH/ Active Typical Specific Flash
type ingredients active gravity point
usage
level
Chemistry Water Official tests & approvals % % Kg/l ºC(F)
Butyl
12 to 14
XIAMETER® triethoxysilane
OFS-6403 Protection Against Chloride ion 98 40 or 100 0,88 31
Silane intrusion in to concrete NCHCRP
Nº 244
Octyl
12 to 14
triethoxysilane
XIAMETER®
Silanes OFS-6341 Approved at Swedish National 98 40 or 100 0,88 63
Silane Road Administration for Surface
tretament of concrete according to
‘Bro 2002’
Butyl
12 to 14
XIAMETER® trimethoxysilane
OFS-2306 The Department Transport (UK), 96 40 or 100 0,92 35
Silane Technical Report N0 20002 (1991)
BE28/14/026
XIAMETER® Tetra
neutral to 10
TEOS OFS-6697 ethoxysilane >99 70 to 100 0,93 46
Silane
Octyl
12 to 14
Dow Corning® triethoxysilane
Z-6688 Water Approved at Swedish National Road 80 80 0,91 >62
Repellent Gel Administrtion for Surface tretament
Silanes Gel of concrete according to ‘Bro 2002’
Dow Corning® Octyl
neutral to 12
Z-6684 Water triethoxysilane 45 45 0,87 >61
Repellent Gel
Solventless silane/ neutral to 10
Silane/ siloxane blend
Siloxane Dow Corning®
Z-6689 Water CSTC (Belgian Building Research 98 5 to 15 0,96 65,5
Blends Institute) ‘Initial effectiveness,
(solvent Repellent
secondary effects and durability of
dilutable) water repellents’ HD-340/133-143
Amino
Silicone Dow Corning® Amino neutral to 10
Fluid (water 1-6184 silsesquioxane
65 3.5 to 7.5 1,05 27
dilutable) Water Rising moisture in masonry test.
Repellent WBA at IBAC, Aachen Germany
European Selection Guide by properties (cont.)
Solvent Chemistry Substrate pH/ Active Typical Specific Flash
Water type ingredients active gravity point
usage
level
Chemistry Water Official tests & approvals % % Kg/l ºC(F)
Dow Corning ®
Silane/siloxane slightly
Silane/ 520 Dilutable emulsion blend alkaline to 12
40 5 to 20 0,99 >100
Siloxane Water Water Exclusion ASTM C642/c67
Emulsions Repellent
(water Dow Corning® Silane/siloxane slightly
dilutable) IE-6683 Water emulsion blend alkaline to 12 40 3 to 10 0,99 >100
Repellent
XIAMETER® Potassium Methyl
neutral to 10
Siliconates OFS-0777 Siliconate 40 0.5 to 3 1,29 >93
Siliconate
Functional methyl
neutral to 12
siloxane
XIAMETER®
MHX-1109 CSTC (Belgian Building Research 100 5 to 30 0,98 30
Fluid Institute) ‘Initial effectiveness,
Specialty secondary effects and durability of
Fluids water repellents’ HD-340/133-142
XIAMETER® Polymethylhydrogen
admixture
MHX-1107 siloxane 100 0.05 to 1 1 93
Fluid
Organo-siloxane
Silicone/ Dow Corning® N/A
emulsion
Organic 2-9034 50 2 to 8 0,94 100
Blends (EU) Emulsion Water repellency swellometer Test
ASTM 4446 QUV Durability Test G53
European Selection Guide by materials
Material Application Chemistry Delivery form Products
XIAMETER®
OFS-2306 Silane
(IBTMS)
XIAMETER®
Steel re-inforced In solvent or 100% OFS-6341 Silane
Bridges, Parckdecks Silanes
concrete solids or Gel (NOTES)
XIAMETER®
OFS-6403 Silane
Dow Corning® Z-6688
Water Repellent Gel
XIAMETER®
OFS-2306 Silane
Concrete non- Facade, Pavers,
In solvent or 100% (IBTMS)
reinforced “fresh Flagstones, Roof Silanes
solids or admixture XIAMETER®
concrete“ tiles
OFS-6341 Silane
(NOTES)
Dow Corning® Z-6689
Water Repellent
Dow Corning® Z-6684
Water Repellent Gel
Concrete non- Facade, Pavers, In solvent or as
Silanes/Siloxane Dow Corning® 520
reinforced “aged Flagstones, Roof Emulsion water-
blend Dilutable Water
concrete“ tiles based
Repellent
Dow Corning®
IE-6683 Water
Repellent
Dow Corning® Z-6689
Water Repellent
Self-catalyzing
Natural Stones, Natural Stone, Clay Dow Corning® 1-6184
Siloxanes & Solvent/water-based
Clays, Terracotta Bricks, Tiles Water Repellent
Siliconates
XIAMETER®
OFS-0777 Siliconate
XIAMETER®
High porous
MHX-1109 Fluid
Natural Stone, substrates
Fluid, TEOS Solvent
Marble, Limestone protection & XIAMETER®
reinforcement OFS-6697 Silane
Wall injection Self-catalyzing
XIAMETER®
Brick Walls against rising Damp Siloxanes & Water
OFS-0777 Siliconate
(DPC) Siliconates
Wood Pressure or Exterior wooden Silane/siloxane/ Dow Corning®
Water
post treatment articles Organic mix 2-9034 EU Emulsion
Gypsum plaster XIAMETER®
Gypsum Fluid Admixture
boards MHX-1107 Flui d
List Products & Benefits
Products Chemistry Dilution system Substrate Benefits
Alkaline or neutral
Dow Corning® Deeply penetrates surface
Silane/siloxane substrates such as
IE-6683 Water based without changing appearance of
emulsion concrete, mortar and
Water Repellent substrate
brick, stone
Neutral and
Dow Corning® moderately alkaline Quick-forming and enduring
Silane/siloxane
Z-6689 Solvent based substrates such as beading effect, bonds chemically
blend + catalyst
Water Repellent brick, stone and aged to the surface
concrete
Alkaline or neutral
Dow Corning® Deeply penetrates surface
Silane/siloxane substrates such as
520 Dilutable Water based without changing appearance of
emulsion concrete, mortar and
Water Repellent substrate
brick, stone
Its similar chemistry to the
natural stone substrates make
XIAMETER® Tetra ethoxy Natural stone and
Solvent based ideal as stone strengthener
OFS-6697 Silane silane neutral substrates
without change the aesthetics
and breathability of the substrate.
Can be applied to
pretreated or
Dow Corning® Nonionic High and enduring level of wa-
untreated wood, and
2-9034 organosilicone Water based ter repellence. Used to partially
for formulations used
EU Emulsion emulsion replace CCA.
in pressure treatment
processes.
Unique product to provide
XIAMETER®
Fluid Solvent based Gypsum hydrophobicity to gypsum plaster
MHX-1107 Fluid
boards.
Unique product providing
Natural stone: excellent hydrophobicity on
XIAMETER®
Fluid Solvent based limestone, sandstone, difficult substrates. Does not
MHX-1109 Fluid
marble and granite. migrate giving outstanding
durability and protection.
List Products & Benefits (cont.)
Products Chemistry Dilution system Substrate Benefits
Dow Corning ®

Z-6688 Water
Rheology of the gel allows the
Repellent Gel & Alkoxy silane Concrete & neutral
Water based gel application on vertical or
Dow Corning® water emulsion building substrates
overhead surfaces. Solvent free.
Z-6684 Water
Repellent Gel
Small molecule that allows deep
Alkaline substrates
XIAMETER ®
penetration and provide water
Silane (NOTES) Solvent based such as new
OFS-6341 Silane repellency by chemical bonding
concrete.
with the substrate.
Protect Reinforced Concrete
XIAMETER®
Silane (IBTMS) Solvent based Concrete from chlorine attach. Methyl
OFS-2306 Silane
releases, fast reaction.
XIAMETER® Water dilutable solution gives
Neutral, bricks,
OFS-0777 Siliconate Water based water repellency to a variety of
ceramics
Siliconate substrates
Decision tree
Water repellents
Do you require a water dilutable product?
YES NO

Is the substrate wood? Is the substrate high strength Engineered Concrete?

NO YES YES NO

Do you require longest life? Are stone strengthening

(maximum penetration depth) properties required?
YES NO NO YES

XIAMETER® OFS-2306 Silane, XIAMETER® OFS-2306 Silane, XIAMETER® OFS-6697 Silane

XIAMETER® OFS-6341 Silane XIAMETER® OFS-6341 Silane
@ 100% @ 40%

Is high beading a requirement? Is the substrate very low porosity stone? (e.g. granite)
Is the stone susceptible to darkening? (e.g. marble)
YES NO
NO YES
Dow Corning ®
Dow Corning®
2-9034EU Dow Corning® Z-6689 XIAMETER® MHX-1109 Fluid
2-9034EU Emulsion
Emulsion / Additive Water Repellent

Is this an on site (post treatment) application?

NO YES

Is the substrate high strength

Is an Admixture required?
Engineered Concrete?

NO YES NO YES

Dow Corning® 520

XIAMETER® OFS-0777 Dow Corning® Z-6688
Dilutable Water Repellent
Siliconate for bricks Water Repellent Gel
for Pavers

Dow Corning® 520

XIAMETER® MHX-1107
Dilutable Water Repellent
Fluid for Gypsum
for concrete blocks

Is strong beading important?

YES NO

Is the substrate alkaline? Easy to apply required?

YES YES NO

Dow Corning® 520 Dow Corning® Z-6684 XIAMETER®

Dilutable Water Repellent Water Repellent Gel OFS-0777 Siliconate

Dow Corning® IE-6683

Water Repellent
Contact Us
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product options available to you from the XIAMETER®
brand.

Photos: AV07433, AV15018, AV13022, AV05806, AV05807, AV05808

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