C o n t e n t a nd

MODULE
C o n t e x t u a l Analysis o f
2
Selected Primary
Sources in
Philippine MODULE
History CONTENTS
LESSON 1: A Brief Summary of
In this chapter, we will examine the First Vo y a g e Around the
a number of primary sources World b y Ma g e l l a n by
from different historical periods Antonio Pigafetta
a n d evaluate the content of LESSON 2: The KKK a n d
these documents in terms of the “Kartilya n g
historical value a n d examine Katipunan”
LESSON 3: R e a d i n g the
their production context.
“Proclamation of the
The primary sources in this Philippine I n d e p e n d e n c e ”

chapter range from LESSON 4: A G l a n c e at

chronicles, official S e l e cte d Philippine Political
documents, speeches a n d Caricature in Alfred McCoy‟s
Philippine Cartoons: Political
cartoons a n d visual arts. Caricature of the A me ri ca n
We are going to explore all of Era (1900-1941)
that in this chapter. LESSON 5: Revisiting C o ra zo n
Aquino‟s S p e e c h b e fo re the
Intended Learning Outcomes U.S. Congress

At the end of Module 2, you should be able to:

a. Properly interpret on the primary sources through

examining the content a n d context of the
document; a n d
b. Display learned history through primary sources.
 A Brief Summary of the
LESSON
1
F i r s t Vo ya g e A ro und
the Wo r l d b y Ma g e lla n
by Antonio Pigafetta

TAKE THE CHALLEN GE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

a. Properly interpret on the primary sources through examining the content

a n d context of the document “ A Brief Summary of the First Voyage
Around the World by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta; a n d
b. Display learned history through primary sources.

G E T T I N G S TAR T E D

G o o d day ! Did you know in what part of the country did the first mass was
celebrated? In what year did the first v oyage around the world sailed? Or,
who recorded the fateful circumnavigation of Ferdinand Magellan? If all
your answers are no, take the tour as we g o d e e p with Philippine History to
know the answers a n d learn more exciting facts.

AC T I V I TY FIND THE MISSING

WORDS!
Instructions: Read the sentences a n d fill the blanks with the missing
words that you‟ve found on the word puzzle below. (Words might b e
hidden horizontally, vertically a n d diagonally.)
1. Ferdinand landed in the Philippines in 1521.
2.An Ita lian noblem a n n am e d Antonio a c c om p a nied
him in his fateful circumnavigation of the world.
3. is a long boat full of people in Mazzava/Mazaua.
4. The Chief of Mactan during Magellan‟s arrival was
.
5. On March 16, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the island of
.
WD G K K F V D V D X F R G D
K Y MRG H D NG T O H N H S
P I GAF E T TA F HFHK L
V B N MG Y J K O P F B F H L
Q A Z XS E W ED C V S F R T
Y H NM J U L A P U L A P U P
Z X C V B N M A A S DMF G H
P O I U Y T R E N WQ A S D F
B A L NG A Y H J K L R P L N
 ANALY S I
S

Hello student! Answer the following questions in a 10-15 minute

video presentation

1. What is the reason a n d purpose of the v oyage?

2. What were the most important „virtues‟ that Magellan showed? Why?

3. Explain the principle of “No records, no documents; no history”.

4. Enumerate the kinds of primary sources. Which one of these is created for large
students a n d was distributed widely?

.
 AB S T RAC T I O N

This book wa s ta ken from the

sixteen th-c entury c hronicles of
contemporary travelers a n d navigators.
One of them was Antonio Pigafetta, a n
Italian nobleman, who a c c o mp a n i e d
Ferdinand Magellan on his tragic world
circumnavigation. Travelogue of Pigafetta
is one of the most important primary
sources in precolonial Philippines
research. After a couple of days Magellan was
His ac c ount was also a significant introduced to the brother of the King who
reference to the events leading to the was also a ruler of another country.
arrival of Magellan in the Philippines. The Pigafetta described this King as the most
First Voyage around the World by beautiful of all the men he saw here. He
Magellan was published after Pigafetta was dressed like a silver sword with silk and
returned to Italy. gold rings, which he carried in a wooden
In Pigaffeta‟s account, their fleet polished sheath with him. This king was
r eac hed what he called the Landrones n a me d Raia Calambu, king of Zuluan a n d
Islands or the “Islands of the Thieves”. C a l a g a n (Butuan a n d C a r a gu a) , a n d the
The Landrones Islands is presently known first king was Raia Siagu. On March 31st,
as the Marianas Islands. Pigafetta which h a p p en e d to b e Easter Sunday,
recounted after 2 days, March 18, nine Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a
men c a m e to them a n d showed joy a n d Mass by the shore. The king heard of this
eagerness in seeing them. He detailed in plan a n d sent two d e a d pigs a n d attended
amazement a n d fascination the palm the Mass with the other king.
tree which bore fruits called c oc ho, a n d On the 26th of April, Zula, a principal
wine. He also described what s eemed m a n from the island of Matan ( Mac tan)
like a coconut. went to see Magellan a n d asked him for a
Pigafetta described the people as boat full of men so that he would b e able to
"very familiar a n d friendly," a n d happily fight the chief named Silapulapu
showed them different islands a nd island (Lapulapu). Such chief, according to Zula,
names. The fleet h e a d e d to Humunu refused to obey the king a n d was also
Island (Homonhon) a n d found what preventing him from doing so. Magellan
Pigafetta c alled the "Watering Place of offered three boats instead a n d expressed
G ood Signs" there. "It was at this location his desire to g o to Mact an himself to fight
that Pigaffeta wrote they discovered the the said chief. Magellan‟s forces arrived in
island's first signs of gold. In Mazzava / Mact an in daylight. They numbered 49 in
Mazaua, Pigafetta recounted that they total a n d the islander of Mac t an were
saw two ballanghai (balangay), a long estimated to number 1,500. The battle
boat full of men. The chief, sent his men to began.
Magellan 's ship. Magellan refused when Magellan died in that battle. The
the b a la n ga y king offered to give natives, perceiving that the bodies of the
Magellan a bar of gold a n d a chest of enemies were protected with armors,
ginger. Magellan sent the interpreter aime d for their legs instead. Magellan was
explain that he was coming to the islands pierced with a poisoned arrow in his right
as a friend a n d not as a n enemy. leg.
**For additional information, click the
link below

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yl
wiOLab5AA&ab_channel=SimpleHistory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=baJ
X5uzn7YI&ab_channel=ProfNextDoor
 AP P LI CAT I O N

QUIZ
TIME!

3. Magellan lost the favor of the king

of the Portugal when he b e c a m e
involved in a political
1. Which of the following events
.
did not h a p p en when Magellan
went to C e b u ?
a. entanglement
b. discussion
a.Magellan fought with
c. negotiation
Lapulapu.
d. Intrigue
b.The Cebuanos were baptized
as Catholics.
c.Magellan offered a statue of
4. How was Ferdinand Magellan
the Sto. Niño as a gift.
killed?
d.Raja Humabon welc omed
Magellan.
a. He died of old a g e
b. By a poison arrow
c. He drowned
2. Why did Magellan g o to
d. He was bored to death
Mac t an?

a. He wanted to visit the plac e.

5. What major accomplishment was
b.He wanted to baptize the
Ferdinand Magellan responsible
people to the Catholic faith.
for?
c. He wanted to build a church.
a.Completing the first v oyage
d. He wanted to buy spices.
around the world
b. Taking over the spice islands
c.Wiping out the Native American
population
d. Becoming king of England
 LESSON 2 T h e K K K an d
t h e “Kartil ya
ng Katipunan”
“If you hear a vo ice within you say
„you can no t paint‟, then b y all
m e a n s paint, a n d that vo ice will b e
silenced.”
- Vincent Va n G o g h

TIME FRAME

TAKE THE CHALLEN GE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

a.display familiarization with the document, “Kartilya ng Katipunan”; a n d

the economic/political conditions of the Philippines during the Spanish
period; a n d
b. dev elop critical a n d analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.

G E T T I N G S TAR T E D

Hello! Did you know that the Philippines was n a me d in honor of King Philip
II of Spain? The people that inhabit this pl a c e hav e very interesting culture
some not forgotten from the old days. How conversant are you with the
great history? Let‟s find out!

AC T I V I T FILL THE COLUMNS!

Y
Instructions: Fill the columns with facts of what KKK is a n d what it is not.
KKK is … KKK is not …
 ANALY S I
S

Hello student! Answer the following questions in a 7-10 minute video presentation

1. What is the difference between the KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN a n d the MGA

KATUNGKULANG GAGAWIN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN?

2. Wha t is the purpose of forming the orga niza tion, the KATAASTAASAN,
KAGALANGGALANGANG KATIPUNAN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN?s

AB S T RAC T I O N

The Kataastaasan, K a g a la n g g a la n g a n g
Katipunan n g m g a Anak ng Bayan
(KKK) or Katipunan is arguably the most
important organization formed in the
Philippine History. While anti- colonial
movements, efforts, a n d organizations
has already been established centuries
prior to the foundation of the Katipunan, it
was only this organization that envisioned
(1) a united Filipino nation that would
revolt against the Spaniards for (2) the
total independence of the country from The Kartilya c a n b e treated as the
Spain. Katipunan‟s c o d e of conduct . It contains
fourteen rules that instruct the way a Katipunero
The imagination of the nation was should behav e, a n d which specific values
largely absent in the aspirations of the should he uphold. Generally, the rules stated in
local revolts before Katipunan. On the the Kartilya c a n b e classified into two. The first
other hand, the p r o p ag a n d a movements group contains the rules that will mak e the
led by the ilustrados like Marcelo H. Del member a n upright individual a n d the second
Pilar, Graciano Lopez J a e n a , an d Jose group contains the rules that will guide the way
Rizal did not envision a total separation of he treats his fellow men.
the Philippines from Spain, but only
d e ma n d e d equal rights, representation, For additional information, click the link below:
a n d protection from the abuses of the
friars. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5iK0kZ9H88
&ab_channel=ProfNextDoor
 AP P LI CAT I O N

Answer the following questions in

QUIZ a 7-10 minute video presentation
TIME!

1. Explain the aims of the Katipunan and its code of

conduct.

2. Explain the content and provisions of the Kartilya

as a
reaction and response to certain value systems.
LESSON
3
R e a d i n g th e
“ Pr o c l a m a t i o n of
the Philippine
Independence”

TAKE THE CHALLEN GE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

a.display familiarization with the document, Proclamation of the Philippine

Independence; and the economic/political conditions of the Philippines during the
Post-Spanish period; and
b. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.

G E T T I N G S TAR T E D

Hi! Did you know that the Philippines annually commemorates the
anniversary of the country‟s independence? Indeed, such event is a
significant turning point in the history of the country. To know more about
these facts, hop in the time travel capsule a n d let‟s harken b a ck to the
past!

AC T I V I TY COLOR
1 REPRESENT!
Instructions: Recognize what symbolizes e a c h color on
the Philippine flag.
 AC T I V I TY QUIZ
2 TIME!
Answer the following questions.

1. When was the Philippine Independence declared?

a . 1896 b.1897 c.1898 d.1899

2.Before declaring independence, the Philippines was a colony of Spain for how
long?

a . 311 years b. 317 years c. 323 years d. 333 years

3. Where was the Philippine independence held?

a . Malolos, Bulacan b. Kawit, Cavite c. Intramuros, Manila d. Minglanilla, C e b u

4. Who is regarded as the mother of the Philippine flag?

a . Gabriela Silang b. Gregoria d e Jesus c. Melchora Aquino d. Marcela Agoncillo

5. After 48 years as a colony of the US, independence was granted on which date?

a . June 4 b. July 4 c. June 12 d. July 12

ANALYSIS

Answer the following questions:

1. Below are some of the rules that can be found in Kartilya:

X.On the thorny path of life, m a n is the guide of woman a n d the children,
a n d if the guide leads to precipice, those whom he guides will also g o
there.
XI.Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful
companion who will share with thee the penalties of life; her (physical)
weakness will increase thy interest in her a n d she will remind thee of the
mother who bore thee a n d reared thee.
XII.What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers a n d
sisters, that do not unto the wife, children, brothers a n d sisters of thy
neighbor. What d o these provisions or rules of Kartilya imply?

2. Give a short background on the events that led to the independence of the
country, the Philippines.
 AB S T RAC T I O N

Every year, the country commemorates the

anniversary of the Philippine Independence
proclaimed on 12 June 1898, in the province of
Cavite. Indeed, such event is a significant
turning point in the history of the country
because it signaled the end of the 333 years
of Spanish colonization‟s. There have been
numerous studies done on the event‟s
leading to the independence of the country
but very few students had the c hance to read
the actual document of the declaration. This
is in spite of the historical importance of the
document an d the details that the document
in hindsight is telling of the kind of government
that was created under Aguinaldo, a nd the
forthcoming hand of the United States of
America in the next few years of the newly
c reated republic. The declaration was a short
2,000-word document, which summarized the
reason behind the revolution against Spain,
the war for independence, a nd the future of
the new republic under Emilio Aguinaldo.

The proclamation c om m enced with a

quickly brought about by a method of
characterization of the conditions in the
procedure more execrable than that of the
Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.
Inquisition an d which every civilized nation
The document specifically mentioned abuses rejects on account of a decision being
a nd inequalities in the colony. The rendered without a hearing of the persons
declaration says: accused.”

The a b ove passa g e demonstrates the

“…taking into considerations, that their
inhabitants being already weary of justifications behind the revolution against
bearing the ominous yoke of Spanish Spain. Specifically cited are the abuse by
the Civil Guards a n d the unlawful shooting of
domination, on account of the arbitrary
prisoners whom they alleged as attempting
arrests and harsh treatment practiced by to escape. The passage also condemns the
the Civil Guard to the extent of causing unequal protection of the . law between the
death with the connivance and even with Filipino people and the
the express orders of their commanders,
“eminent personages.” Moreover, the line
who sometimes went to the extreme of mentions the avarice an d greed of the clergy
ordering the shooting of prisoners under like the friars a n d the Archbishop himself.
the pretext that they were attempting to Lastly, the passage also condemns what
escape, in violation of the provisions of the they saw as the unjust deportation a n d
Regulations of their Corps, which abuses rendering of other decision without proper
were unpunished and on account of the hearing, expected of any civilized nation.
unjust deportations, especially those
decreed by General Blanco, of eminent For additional information, click the link below:
personages and of high social position, at • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqVyI_8G22k&ab_c
the instigation of the Archbishop a nd friars hannel=ProfNextDoor
interested in keeping them out of the way • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7h2CyUGHbE&ab
for their own selfish and avaricious _channel=News5Everywhere
purpose, deportations which are
 AP P LI CAT I O
N

1. In this lesson, analyze and explain how these historical

contexts shaped and continue to shape people‟s
perspectives.

2. Integrate evidence from multiple relevant historical sources

and interpretations into a reasoned argument about the
reading the “Proclamation of the Philippine Independence”.

Thank you for

superbly finishing
Lesson 3! Have a
great day!
 A glan c e at

LESSON
“If you h e a r a vo ice within you say
4 Selected
Philippine
Political
Caricature in
ca n n o t paint‟, then b y all m e a n s
„you Alfr e d McCoy’s
paint, a n d that vo ice will b e Philippine
silenced.”
- Vincent Va n G o g h Cartoons:
Political
TIME
FRAME C a r i c a t u r eo f the
Am er ica n Er a
(1900-194 1)

TAKE TH E CHALLEN GE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

1.display familiarization with the document, “Political Caricature of the
American Era”; a n d the economic/political conditions of the Philippines
during the Spanish period; a n d
2. dev elop critical a n d analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.

G E T T I N G S TAR T E D

Hey there! Did you know that Political Cartoons are not m a d e just to mak e
you laugh but it also portrays a point and/or issue of a particular event?
You c a n find then in a newspaper but they won‟t b e in the comics
section. Instead, they‟re on the editorial pages! You c a n mak e one of
those, too! But before that, pr oceed first to the next columns so we c a n
understand more of what caricature/cartoon is.

Instructions: Pick one of the following

AC T I V I TY selected political cartoons/caricatures. Site
1 a n d give opinion on what political issue that
cartoon is all about.
 ANALY S I
S

Hello student! Answer the following questions in a 7-10 minute video

presentation

1. Did you find the cartoons persuasive? Why or why not?

2. Why is it that the Editorial Cartoon during the American Era was
focused on Political Caricature?

AB S T RAC T I O
N

Political cartoons a n d caricature are a

rather recent art form, which veered
away from the classical art by
exaggerating human features and
poking fun at its subjects. Such art genre
a n d technique b e c a m e a part of the
print media as a form of social a n d
political commentary, which usually
targets persons of power a n d authority.
Cartoons b e c a m e a n effective tool of
publicizing opinions through heavy use of
symbolism, which is different from a
verbose written editorial a n d opinion The In d e p e n d e n t on May 20,
pieces.
1961. The cartoon shows a politician
In his book Philippine Cartoons: Political
Caricature of the A merican Era (1900- from Tondo, n a m e d Dr. Santos,
1941), Alfred McCoy, together with Alfredo passing his crown to his brother-in-
Roces, compiled political cartoons law, Dr. Barcelona. A Filipino guy
published in newspaper dailies a n d (as depic ted wearing salakot a n d
periodicals in the aforementioned time b a ro n g t a g a l o g ) was trying to stop
period.
Santos, telling the latter to stop
giving Barcelona the crown
b e ca u se it is not his to begin with.
 The third cartoon was a commentary on
the unprecedented cases of colorum
automobiles in the city streets. The
Philippine Free Press published this
commentary when fatal accidents
involving colorum vehicles a nd taxis
occurred too often already.

The second cartoon was also published

by the Independent on 16 June 1917. This
was drawn by Fernando Amorsolo a n d
was aimed as a commentary to the
workings of Manila police at that period.
Here, we see a Filipino child who stole a
skinny chicken bec aus e he h a d nothing
to eat. The police officer was relentlessly
pursuing the said child. A ma n wearing a
salakot, labeled Juan d e la Cruz was
grabbing the officer, telling him to leave
the small-time pickpockets a n d the
thieves a n d to turn at the great thieves
instead. He was pointing to huge
warehouses containing bulks of rice, milk,
a n d grocery products.

This fourth cartoon depicts a

cinema. A blown-up police officer was at
the screen saying that couples are not
allowed to neck a n d mak e love in the
theater. Two youngsters looked horrified
while a n older couple seemed amused.

The next cartoon was published by the

I nde pen de nt on 27 November 1915. Here,
we see the caricature of Uncle Sam riding
a chariot pulled by Filipinos wearing
school uniforms. McCoy, in his caption to
the said cartoon, says that this cartoon
was bas ed on a n event in 1907 when
William Howard Taft was brought to the
Manila pier riding a chariot pulled by
students of Liceo d e Manila.
The last cartoon was published by Lipang
Kalabaw on 24 August 1907.In the picture, we
c a n see Uncle Sam rationing porridge to the
politicians a n d members of the Progresista Party
(sometimes known as Federalista Party) while
members of the Nacionalista Party look on a n d
wait for their turn. This cartoon depicts the
patronage of the Unite States.
 APPLI CAT I O N

Make your own cartoon about today’s political view.

Share your perspective about your cartoon/caricature.

Thank you for

superbly finishing
Lesson 4! Have a
great day!
 Revisiting

LESSON 5 Corazon
A q u i n o ’s
Spee c h Before
t h e U.S.
Congress

TIME
FRAME

TAKE THE CHALLEN GE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

1.properly interpret on the primary sources through examining the content

a n d context of the document in Corazon Aquino‟s Speech before the US
Congress; a n d
2. display learned history through primary sources.

G E T T I N G S TAR T E D

Hello! Did you know that Corazon “Cory” Aquino was n a m e d Time
Magazine‟s W oman of the year 1986? She was also the most prominent
figure of the 1986 People Power Revolution, which e n d e d the 20-year rule
of President Ferdinand Marcos. As we g o on with the lesson, let us
acquaint with Corazon Aquino‟s Speech to know more about what she
did for our country.

SPIDER CONCEPT MAP

AC T I V I T Instructions: Give facts on important
terms a n d information that define who
Y
Corazon Aquino is.

CORAZON C.
AQUINO
 ANALY S I S

Hello student! Answer the following questions in a 7-10 minute video

presentation

1. How did the former President Corazon C. Aquino view Marcos‟

administration?

2. How did she describe democracy before her presidency?

AB S T RAC T I O N

Corazon “Cory” Cojuan gc o Aquino

functioned as the symbol of the
restoration of democ rac y a n d the
overthrow of the Marco Dictatorship in
1986. The EDSA People Power, which
installed Cory Aquino in the presidency,
put the Philippines in the international
spotlight for overthrowing a dictator
through peaceful means.
The People Power Revolution of
1986. When former senator Ninoy Aquino
was shot at the Tarmac of the Manila
International Airport on 21 August 1983, the
Marcos regime greatly suffered a crisis of
legitimacy. Protests from different sectors
frequented different areas in the country.
Marcos‟s credibility in the international
community also suffered. Paired with
looming economics crisis, Marcos h a d to Leading military officials of the regime a n d
d o something to prove to his allies in the Martial Law orchestrators themselves,
United States that he remained to b e the Juan Ponce Enrile a n d Fidel Ramos,
democratically anointed leader of the plotted to take over the presidency, until
country. He called for the Snap Election in civilians he ed e d the call of then Manila
February 1986, where Corazon Aquino Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin a n d other
Cojuangc o Aquino, the widow of the civilian leaders gather in EDSA. The
slain senator was convicted to run overwhelming presence of civilians in
against Marcos. The canvassing was EDSA successfully turned a c ou p into a
rigged to Marcos‟s favor but the people civilian demonstration. The thousands of
expressed their protests against the people who gathered overthrow
corrupt a n d authoritarian government. Ferdinand Marcos from the presidency
after 21 years.
 Cory talked about her miraculous
Cory continued that when Ninoy survived
victory through the people‟s struggle a n d
that first detention, he was then c harg ed
continued talking about her earliest
of subversion, murder, a n d other crimes.
initiatives as the president of a restored
He was tried by a military court, whose
democr acy. She stated that she intended
legitimacy Ninoy adamantly questioned.
to forge a n d draw reconciliation after a
To solidify his protest, Ninoy dec ide d to d o
bloody a n d polarizing dictatorship. Cory
a hunger strike a n d fasted for 40 days.
emphasized the importance of the EDSA
Cory treated this event as the second
Revolution in terms of being a “limited
time that their family lost Ninoy. She said.
revolution that respected the life a n d
freedom of every Filipino.” She also
“When that didn‟t work, they put him on
boasted of the restoration of a fully
trial for subversion, murder a n d a host of
constitutional government whose
other crimes before a military commission.
constitution g a v e utmost respect to the Bill
Ninoy c hallenged its authority an d went
of Rights. She reporte d to the
on a fast. If he survived it, then he left G od
U.S Congress:
intended him for another fate. We h a d
lost him again. For nothing would hold him
“Again, as we restore democ r a c y
b a c k from his determination to see his fast
by the ways of democr acy, so we are
through to the end. He stopped only
completing the constitutional structures of
when it d a w n ed on him that the
our new de mocr ac y under a constitution
government would k eep his body alive
that already gives full respect to the Bill of
after the fast h a d destroyed his brain. And
Rights. A jealously independent
so, with barely any life in his body, he
constitutional commission is completing its
called of the fast on the 40th day. ”
draft which will b e submitted later this year
to popular referendum. When it is
Cory attributed the peaceful EDSA
approved, there will b e elections for both
Revolution to the martyrdom of Ninoy. She
national a n d local positions. So, within
stated that the death of Ninoy sparked
about a year from a peaceful but
the revolution a n d the responsibility of
national upheaval that overturn a
“offering the democratic alternative” h a d
dictatorship, we shall hav e returned to full
“fallen on (her) shoulders.” Cory address
constitutional government.”
introduced to her democratic philosophy,
which claimed she also acquired from
Cory en de d her speech by
Ninoy. She argued:
thanking America for serving as home to
her family for what she referred to as the
“I held fats to Ninoy‟s conviction that it
“three happiest years of our lives
must b e by the ways of de moc rac y. I held
together.” She enjoyed America in
out for participation in the 1984 election
building the Philippines a new h ome for
the dictatorship called, even if I know it
democr ac y a n d in turning the country as
would b e rigged. I was warned by the
a “shining testament of our two nations‟
lawyers of the opposition, that I ran the
commitment to freedom.”
grav e risk of legitimizing the foregone
results of elections that were clearly going
to b e fraudulent. But I was not fighting for
lawyers but for the people in whose
intelligence, I h a d implicit faith. By the
exercise of democ r ac y ev en in a
dictatorship, they would b e prepared for
democ r ac y when it c a m e . And then also,
it was the only way I knew by which we
could measure our power even in the
terms dictated by the dictatorship. The
people vindicated me in a n election
shamefully marked by government
thuggery a n d fraud. The opposition swept
the elections, garnering a clear majority of
the votes ev en if they e n de d up with
You may watch the video by clicking the link below:
barely a third of the seats in Parliament.
Now I knew our power.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZnnvbKyNCQ&ab_ch
annel=RTVMalacanang
 AP P LI CAT I O
N

Create a reaction paper to Corazon C. Aquino’s

speech.

Thank you for

superbly finishing
Lesson 5! Have a
great day!
 MODULE
ASSESSEMENT

TRUE OR FALSE
Instructions: Write true if the statement is true. Otherwise, write false in the space
provided.

1. Non-written documents are not useful as primary sources in conducting

historical research.

2. The assassination of Ninoy Aquino is an important historical event that

fueled people‟s anger a n d condemnation of the dictator Ferdinand
Marcos.

3. Apolinario Mabini penned the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”

4. Magellan a n d his fleet received a warm wel come from all of the
chieftains an d local leaders in the Philippine Islands.

5. The Americans radically altered the social structure in the Philippines

after they took over from Spain in terms of socioeconomic equality.

6. The “Proclamation of Philippine Independence” reflects the social an d

economic discontent of the masses about the l and ownership an d other
agrarian issues.

7. The enmity between Aguinaldo an d Bonifacio did not affect how the
former‟s revolutionary credited Bonifacio to the beginnings of the
Philippine Revolution.

8. Corazon Aquino did not want to forge alliance with the United States
because the latter was a known important ally of Marcos.

9. The conservative attitude of the youth toward sexuality did not

c h a n ge since the Spanish period until the 1930s.

10. The forces of Magellan were successful I defeating an d conquering

Lapulapu.
CRITICAL ESSAY
Identify a primary source in Philippine history from the examples provided in this
chapter. Write a n essay discussing (1) the importance of the text, (2) the
back ground of the text‟s author, (3) the context of the document, an d (4) the text‟s
contribution to understanding Philippine history.

MODULE
SUMMARY
Hello student! It has b een a long journey exploring through this module. Now,
you are about to close this module a n d learn new lesson as you g o on
through this book. Further, I will take this opportunity to wrap up all the lesson
we h a v e learn. These are some important highlights in this module:

 Drawing is actually the first step in producing artwork but sometimes, a n

artist‟s drawing is the finished artwork. It also applies four bas ic shading
techniques, hatching, crosshatching, blending, stippling.
 Painting is the process of applying color to a surface using tools such as
a brush, a painting knife, a roller, or ev en your fingers. Media of painting
c a n b e either oil-based or water-soluble.
 Sculpture is art that is m a d e to occup y space. It uses the m ed ia of clay,
glass, plastics, wood, stone a n d metal. No matter what medium is used,
a sculpture will b e one of two types: sculpture in the round or relief
sculpture.
 Sculpting techniques involves modeling, carv ing, casting a n d
assembling. A combination of these techniques c a n b e applied to
producing sculpture.
 Photography is the technique of capturing optical images on light-
sensitive surfaces. The m ed ia of photography before were daguerreotype
a n d wet plate method.
 Video is a remarkable development because, unlike film, it does not
require special processing or printing.

REFERENCE