Earth and Life Science: Quarter 1 - Module 3: Minerals and Rocks

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11

Earth and Life


Science
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Minerals and Rocks

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines


Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
Earth and Life Science– Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Minerals and Rocks
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education


Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module


Authors: Debbie Almendralejo, Dianette Tabiano, Leah Carla Lebrilla, Little Rose
Santiago, Mae Castrana, Melben Ferrer, Regina Cortez, Venus Magan
Editor: Name
Reviewers: Name
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11

Earth and Life


Science
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Minerals and Rocks

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed


by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines


Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

(This gives an instruction to the facilitator to orient the learners and support the
parents, elder sibling etc. of the learners on how to use the module. Furthermore, this
also instructs the facilitator to remind the learners to use separate sheets in
answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.)

For the learner:

(This communicates directly to the learners and hence, must be interactive. This
contains instructions on how to use the module. The structure and the procedure of
working through the module are explained here. This also gives an overview of the
content of the module. If standard symbols are used to represent some parts of the
module such as the objectives, input, practice task and the like they are defined and
explained in this portion.)

2
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Earth Science. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:


 Lesson 1 – Physical and Chemical Properties of Rocks
 Lesson 2 – Rock Classifications

After going through this module, you are expected to:


1. identify the physical properties and chemical properties of minerals such as
color, luster, streak, cleavage, and hardness;
2. compare and contrast the minerals using their physical properties; and
3. classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.

3
What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1) What is the property of some minerals to break along parallel


repetitive planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces?
a) Cleavage c) Habit
b) Streak d) Fracture

2) Which among the following characteristics define a mineral?


a) inorganic, naturally occurring, crystalline, solid and must have a
consistent chemical composition.
b) organic, liquid at room temperature, crystalline, have a adaptive
chemical composition.
c) inorganic, naturally occurring and solid
d) organic, man-made and liquid at room temperature

3) What group of minerals containing halogen elements combined with


one or more metals?
a) Carbonates c) Silicates
b) Halides d) Native elements

4) What is the Physical property of minerals property which refers to as


the breaking along specific planes of weakness to form smooth and
flat surfaces?
a) Hardness c) Luster
b) Color d) Cleavage

5) What type of rock is formed from igneous and sedimentary rocks that
have been changed by heat and pressure?
a) Igneous Rock c) Sedimentary Rock
b) Metamorphic Rock d) Basaltic Rock

6) A Grade 11 Science class observes rocks. One sample is found in


layers and feels rough and grainy. Which type of rock is it?
a) Sedimentary c) Granite
b) Igneous d) Metamorphic

4
7) Pyroclastic rocks belong to which type of rocks?
a) Sedimentary c) Granite
b) Igneous d) Metamorphic

8) What type of metamorphic rock is being described wherein pressure is


main factor which occurs in areas that have undergone deformation
during orogenic event resulting in mountain belts?
a) Contact metamorphism c) Regional metamorphism
b) Clastic d) Non-clastic

9) Limestone is an example of what type of rock?


a) Igneous b) Metamorphic c) Sedimentary d) Magma

10) Which among the following igneous rocks belong to mafic


classification?
a) Diorite b) Gabbro c) Granite d) Peridotite

5
Lesson
Physical and Chemical
1 Properties of Rocks
You have already learned the three types of rocks present in our
environment. However, these different types of rocks have different classifications
that need to be understand and explored to appreciate the minerals present in our
sorroundings.

You are about to uncover the different minerals and rock classifications that
you might have encountered in your environment.

What’s In

Instruction: Fill in the blanks with the missing letters to form the correct
words. Use the given clues as your guide.

1. These are properties of a material which involves the altering of a substance’s molecular
structure.
C E I C L

P R E R E S

2. It is a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter.


R K

3. These are properties of materials which are used to observe or measure


materials without altering its composition of matter.
H Y I L

P O R I S

Processing Questions:
1. What are the words formed in the activity?
2. Have you encountered these words before?
3. What is your prior knowledge about these words?

6
Notes to the Teacher
Let the students recall what they have learned about rocks. Lead
them to remember the different concepts under these words.
Provide slide photographs of several rock formations and give brief
descriptions about them.

7
What’s New

We Will Rock You!


Instruction: Read the paragraphs below and do the activity as listed. Answer the
questions that follow.

Materials:
 2 pcs. rock samples

Procedure:
1. Gather at least 2 pieces of different rock samples within the school ground
and label it as sample A and sample B.
2. Utilize the given materials to identify the physical properties of the minerals
such as color, luster, streak, cleavage, and hardness by filling up the
information table by filling up the information table.

Illustration of rock sample A: Illustration of rock sample B:

Color: Color:

Luster: Luster:

Streak: Streak:

Cleavage: Cleavage:

Hardness: Hardness:

8
PROBING QUESTIONS:
1. What are the unique features of the collected rock samples?
2. What is the difference between a mineral's streak and color? Why is streak
more reliable for rock identification?
3. Aside from the physical properties listed, what are the chemical properties
that you have observed from the minerals collected?

What is It

The abundance of minerals and rocks in the sorrounding is found to be very


useful to the everyday needs of humans. These minerals and rocks are hard to
identify and needs a set of standard basis to be able to distinguish one from the
other.
Physical properties are used to observe or measure materials without
altering its composition of matter (e.g. cleavage, color, habit, hardness, specific
gravity, streak, and structure). Chemical properties are properties of a material
which involves the altering of a substance’s molecular structure (e.g. carbonate,
halide, oxide, silicate, sulfate, sulfide).
Mineral are naturally occurring, inorganic solid with orderly crystalline
structure and a definite chemical composition. These are the basic building blocks
of rocks.

Mineral Properties
 Luster is the quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral
o Metallic- It is generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine
similar to a polished metal
o Non-metallic- It is vitreous (glassy), adamantine
(brilliant/diamond-like), resinous, silky, pearly, dull (earthy),
greasy, etc.

Figure 1. Other Optical Properties of Minerals (Luster)

 Hardness is a measure of the resistance of a mineral (not specifically


surface) to
abrasion.

9
Figure 2. Mineral Hardness using Mohs’ Hardness Scale

 Color maybe a unique identifying property of certain minerals (e.g. malachite


– green, azurite – blue). There are also lots of minerals that share similar or
the same color/s. In addition, some minerals can exhibit a range of colors.
The mineral quartz for example, can be pink (rose quartz), purple (amethyst),
orange (citrine), white (colorless quartz) etc.
 Streak is the color of a mineral in powdered form. Note that the color of a
mineral could be different from the streak. For example, pyrite (FeS2)
exhibits golden color (hence the other term of pyrite which is Fool’s Gold) but
has a black or dark gray streak. Streak is a better diagnostic property as
compared to color. Streak is inherent to almost every mineral. Color maybe
unreliable for identification as impurities within the minerals may give the
minerals a different color.
 Crystal Form/Habit- The external shape of a crystal or groups of crystals is
displayed / observed as these crystals grow in open spaces. The form
reflects the supposedly internal structure (of atoms and ions) of the crystal
(mineral). It is the natural shape of the mineral before the development of
any cleavage or fracture.
 Cleavage- It is the property of some minerals to break along parallel
repetitive planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces.

Figure 3. Types of cleavage common in minerals with examples of minerals

10
 Fracture- Some minerals may not have cleavages but exhibit broken
surfaces that are irregular and non-planar.
 Specific Gravity- It is the ratio of the weight of a mineral to the weight of an
equal volume of water.
 Others- There are certain unique properties of minerals that actually help in
their identification (e.g. magnetism, odor, taste, tenacity, reaction to acid,
etc.). Magnetite is strongly magnetic; sulfur has distinctive smell; halite is
salty; calcite fizzes with acid as with dolomite but in powdered form.

The most stable and least ambiguous basis for classification of minerals is
based on their chemical compositions.

1. Silicates – minerals containing the two most abundant elements in the


Earth’s crust, namely, silicon and oxygen.
a. When linked together, these two elements form the silicon oxygen
tetrahedron – the fundamental building block of silicate minerals.
b. Over 90% of rock-forming minerals belong to this group.
2. Oxides – minerals composed of oxygen anion (O2-) combined with one or
more metal ions.
3. Sulfates – minerals containing sulfur and oxygen in the form of the (SO 4)-
anion.
4. Sulfides – minerals containing sulfur and a metal; some sulfides are sources
of economically important metals such as copper, lead, and zinc.
5. Carbonates – minerals containing the carbonate (CO3)2- anion combined with
other elements.
6. Native Elements – minerals that form as individual elements.
a. Metals and Intermetals – minerals with high thermal and electrical
conductivity, typically with metallic luster, low hardness (gold, lead)
b. Semi-metals – minerals that are more fragile than metals and have
lower conductivity (arsenic, bismuth)
c. Nonmetals – nonconductive (sulfur, diamond)
7. Halides – minerals containing halogen elements combined with one or more
metals.

11
What’s More

It is a Hint!
Instruction: Complete the word puzzle by identifying the properties of minerals as
shown on the pictures.

1. 2. 3.

_LE__AG_
_ R _ _ T _ R _E L _ _ T _ _R

4. 5. 6.

__L_R H_B__ __R_AK

7. 8. 9.

_AR_N___ O__D_S C_RB____E_

12
What I Have Learned

Don’t Leave Me In Empty Spaces!


Instruction: Fill in the blank with the correct word to complete the sentence.
1. Gabbro is an example of a ____________ because it is naturally occurring,
inorganic, solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical
composition.
2. A rock is said to be _____________ in luster if it is generally opaque and
exhibit a resplendent shine similar to a polished metal.
3. Between cleavage and habit, _____________ forms as the mineral is growing,
relying on how the individual atoms in the crystal come together whereas
_____________ is the weak plane that developed after the crystal is formed.
4. Minerals displaying variety of colors resulting from impurities exhibits
_____________ which is a physical property of rocks.
5. According to Mohs’ hardness scale when a mineral can be scratched with a
fingernail, the scale is said to be between the numbers ___ and ___.
6. The crystal formation in open spaces of a mineral reflects its internal
structure. This refers to _____________ which is a physical property of
minerals.
7. A high ___________________ means that a rock would sink at the bottom of
the water due to its high ratio of density as compared to the density of water.
8. Other property of minerals is _____________ wherein a mineral would tend to
be attracted to a magnet.
9. Calcite is a type of rock wherein it fizzes once acid is added to its surface.
This exhibits a _____________ property of minerals.
10. _____________ is a physical property of minerals wherein it describes the way
a mineral reflects light.

13
What I Can Do

Familiarize Me!
Part A.
Instruction: Identify the physical properties and chemical properties of minerals.
Write your answer on the spaces provided.

Feldspar Quartz Fluorspar

1. 5. 9.
2. 6. 10.
3. 7. 11.
4. 8. 12.

Part B.
Instruction: Read and analyze each question as listed below. Write your answer on
the space provided on each number.

Magnetite

13. What physical property of minerals does the attraction of sands to the
magnetite exhibits?
_______________________________________________________________________________

14
14. Which of the minerals listed above (feldspar, quartz, fluorspar) have the same
physical properties as with magnetite? List down the said physical properties
and describe the comparison.

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

15. What chemical property is evident in iron ore? Explain how this chemical
property works.

Iron Ore
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

You Know Me Well


Part A
Instruction: Identify the physical and chemical properties being asked in each
mineral.

1. Streak 2. Color 3. Hardness

15
4. Luster 5. Cleavage 6. Observed
Chemical
Property

Got To Be Curios!
Part B
Instruction: Read and answer the question listed below.

1. Is it possible for different types of rock to have the same physical and
chemical properties? Support your idea.

Mineral Rubric
4 3 2 1 Earned
Criteria
points points points points Points
Have Have described
Have
Describing Have correctly correctly the mineral
irrelevantly
the mineral and completely described the according to
described the
according to described the mineral its properties
mineral
its mineral according to but with
according to
properties. according to its properties insufficient
its
its properties. but contain ideas and
properties.
errors. contain errors.
Have
correctly and
Have correctly Have cited the
Citing the completely Have
and completely physical and
physical cited the irrelevantly
cited the chemical
and physical and cited the
physical and properties of
chemical chemical physical and
chemical mineral/s with
properties of properties of chemical
properties of insufficient
mineral/s. mineral/s properties of
mineral/s. ideas and
but contain mineral/s.
contain errors.
errors.

Mineral Rubric Rating


8 = 100; 7 = 95; 6 = 90; 5 = 85; 4 = 80; 3 = 75; 2 = 70

16
Additional Activities

Identify one mineral which is commonly used in the environment and list
down the specific property/properties that make the mineral suitable for those
uses. For example, graphite, having a black streak and hardness of 1-2, is used in
pencils due to its ability to leave marks on paper and other objects.

Answer Key

17
What I Know What’s In What’s More

1. A
2. A
3. B What I Have Learned
4. D
5. B What I Can Do
6. B
7. B
8. C Assessment
9. C
10. B

18
References
1. Calcite Cleavage by Steven Newton https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=bYiT2qgD8zQ&feature=youtube (8/30/2015).
2. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
%3AANd9GcQt7CACFeM4eijfduURayqBNzAz3sYenUa1YDfaH1sgf-gHK4eU&usqp=CAU. Retrieved on
April 30, 2020.
3. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcRDLLBk-
nLSh1MRfNYfM6xsP6uvdmmQtrJ9U6S1xpRhPoutjCwa&usqp=CAU. Retrieved on April 22, 2020.
4. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
%3AANd9GcTI5000n7BxJ74oMAluYlkYGZ_6zFxoCdzo3V0hUO0_WuL7dxfW&usqp=CAU. Retrieved
on April 22, 2020.
5. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
%3AANd9GcTSdMZJpEhTwxJpBziMsLabgB8S17gUqQhET79V4oQVyvefkDo3&usqp=CAU. Retrieved
on April 30, 2020.
6. https://fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/geo_221-unit-2_0.pdf. Retrieved on April 22, 2020.
7. https://www.google.com/search?
tbs=simg:CAQSqwIJ0PbdMjZxOWUanwILELCMpwgaYgpgCAMSKNIGogHdBqcW3wbTBt4G3AbQBscJ
oiLSN9E3yimjIskpniKWIqQiwikaMALPaw2pkeyjHlPUlaQRQmVfj7Z1a11euPyUHNdCfv0MMYMKySCS
ZiKtVx0ZNkyecSAEDAsQjq7-
CBoKCggIARIEz2MxmAwLEJ3twQkalwEKGQoGYmFra3dh2qWI9gMLCgkvbS8wODljOWoKHgoMaWd
uZW91cyByb2Nr2qWI9gMKCggvbS8wM18yZgohCg1iYWJpIHBhbmdnYW5n2qWI9gMMCgovbS8wM2
NmY2puChoKB3Zlbmlzb27apYj2AwsKCS9tLzAxdGM1MwobCghtZWF0bG9hZtqliPYDCwoJL20vMDIw
ajN6DA&q=iron+ore+mesabi+range&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj90ePqq4_pAhU3y4sBHTSrBiIQ
wg4oAHoECAkQJw&biw=1366&bih=608. Retrieved on April 30, 2020.
8. Identifying Minerals by Michael Sammartano https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=32NG9aeZ7_c
(8/29/2015).
9. Laboratory Manual for Physical Geology – Mineral Identification https://
gln.dcccd.edu/Geology_Demo/content/LAB03/LAB_Man_03.pdf (8/29/2015).
10. The Mineral Identification Key http://www.minsocam.org/msa/
collectors_corner/id/mineral_id_keyq1.htm (8/29/2015).
11. https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2F-
cEAPVVlYUQ4%2FUSkeJ2fbyTI%2FAAAAAAAAIR4%2FMV0FonTriLA
%2Fs720%2F00607%25252520IMG_8329%2525252011%25252520cm
%25252520obsidian.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.sandatlas.org%2Fconchoidal-fracture
%2F&tbnid=hFmtkSR6S9RHZM&vet=12ahUKEwjs7uXvy4_pAhV2y4sBHTkBCgsQMygIegUIARCVAg..i
&docid=Nwoj0t2q9_8_jM&w=720&h=612&q=fracture
%20minerals&ved=2ahUKEwjs7uXvy4_pAhV2y4sBHTkBCgsQMygIegUIARCVAg. Retrieved on April
30, 2020.
12. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
%3AANd9GcQ1ukvqDgr30zH_iBoxR04mnjZzTAVHJYBbIVKlgegt4sYDAlM0&usqp=CAU. Retrieved on
April 30, 2020.
13. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcT4Z1XrzilysKp7vBU-
eutgqbCLPir_QuN2nsVIq6VX0DvLoast&usqp=CAU. Retrieved on April 30, 2020.
14. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQakgDqrR4mmQA-
9GvDtN8KsYQjqO7IAXzwHFOTBnwr96WLe3g8&usqp=CAU. Retrieved on April 30, 2020.
15. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQbjMM-ZD-BHi30R3L-
ThgjQUOnmgS0Sy3Pfdny8AwctVR1UCVC&usqp=CAU. Retrieved on April 30, 2020.
16. https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.mineralogy4kids.org%2Fsites
%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fzincite.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.mineralogy4kids.org%2F%3Fq
%3Dmineral-group
%2Foxides&tbnid=Sf3bdNpkZmkvhM&vet=12ahUKEwjBj_aY0Y_pAhVFAqYKHQ1TAGgQMygRegUIAR
CQAg..i&docid=wQn8XWCRb-UzIM&w=337&h=250&q=oxides
%20minerals&ved=2ahUKEwjBj_aY0Y_pAhVFAqYKHQ1TAGgQMygRegUIARCQAg. Retrieved on April
30, 2020.
17. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.mineralogy4kids.org%2F%3Fq
%3Dmineral-group%2Fcarbonates&psig=AOvVaw15eEIziePIaWnAK4-
2kH3Y&ust=1588318561916000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCKDq5_zRj-
kCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE. Retrieved on April 30, 2020.

19
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Department of Education –(Bureau/Office)

(Office Address)

Telefax:

Email Address:
Lesson

2 Rock Classifications

You have already learned the three types of rocks present in our
environment. However, these different types of rocks have different classifications
that need to be understand and explored to appreciate the minerals present in our
sorroundings.

You are about to learn the different classifications of rocks found in our
environment.

What’s In

Group Together
Instruction: Analyze the pictures and answer the questions that follow.

1. What are the different ways to classify these


rocks?

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

2. What characteristics do you think the


scientists use in order to classify these rocks?

_________________________________________________`
_________________________________________________

Notes to the Teachers


Before the lesson, unlock the terms which students will have the
difficulty to understand in order to have a smooth flow of the
lesson. Let the students collect some rock samples found in their
respective community. Use these as a reference for classifying
rocks. With this, allow them to deepen their understanding by
categorizing these rocks according to its classification.
What’s New

See The Bottom


Instruction: Classify the following rocks as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic.
Write the name of the rock on the space provided inside the table.

ROCK TYPE

Igneous
Slate sandstone granite
Sedimentary

gabbro conglomerate limestone

gneiss basalt siltstone


Metamorphic

marble pumice schist

Probing Questions:
1. Based on the pictures, what are the unique characteristics of igneous rocks?
2. How is igneous rock formed?
3. Based on the pictures, what are the unique characteristics of sedimentary
rocks?
4. How is sedimentary rock formed?
5. Based on the pictures, what are the unique characteristics of metamorphic
rocks?
6. How is metamorphic rock formed?
What is It

Types of Rocks

1. IGNEOUS ROCKS
 These are rocks that are derived from the cooling and solidification of
magma or lava.
 Formed from solidified molten rock materials, usually hard and crystalline -
rate of cooling as one of the most important factors that control crystal
size.
 Solidification can occur along the surface of the earth or beneath the surface
of the earth.

Classifications of Igneous Rocks


1. Plutonic or Intrusive rocks 2. Volcanic or Extrusive rocks
 from solidified magma  from solidified lava at or near the
underneath the earth surface of the earth
 gradual lowering of temperature  fast rate of cooling/crystallization
is indicated by the movement of due to huge variance in the
magma from depth to surface temperature between Earth’s
causing slow cooling surface and underneath
/crystallization  common textures: aphanitic,
 Phaneritic textures porphyritic (define groundmass vs
phenocrysts), vesicular
2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
 These are rocks that are formed at or near the surface of the Earth
 Sedimentary processes include: weathering of rocks, erosion, sediment
transport and deposition (compaction and cementation)
Classifications of Sedimentary Rocks
1. Non-clastic /Chemical/ 2. Clastic/ terrigenous
Biochemical  Form from the accumulation and
 Derived from sediments that lithification of sediments derived
precipitated from concentrated from the breakdown of pre-
solutions (e.g. seawater) or from existing rocks. They are further
the accumulation of biologic or
classified according to dominant
organic material (e.g. shells, plant
material). grain size.

Examples:
a) Evaporites: rocks formed from the evaporation of water leaving the dissolved
minerals to crystallize.
b) Precipitates: rocks formed when minerals from a mineral super saturated
waters start to crystallize at the bottom of the solution.
c) Bioclastic: rock formed from compacted organic matter.

Salt production in San Lorenzo, Calcium carbonate precipitation Coquina


Guimaras
(a) (b)
(c)
3. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
 Formed below the surface of the earth through the process of
metamorphism with the recrystallization of minerals in rocks due to
changes in pressure and temperature conditions.

Classifications of Metamorphic Rocks


1. Contact metamorphism 2. Regional metamorphism
 heat and reactive fluids as main  pressure as main factor: occurs in
factors: occurs when a pre-existing areas that have undergone
rock gets in contact with magma considerable amount of
mechanical deformation and
which is the source of heat and
chemical recrystallization during
magmatic fluids where orogenic event which are
metamorphic alterations and commonly associated with
transformations occur around the mountain belts
contact / metamorphic aureole of  occurs in a regional/large scale
the intruding magma and the rock  creates foliated metamorphic
layers. The aureole occurs on rocks
different scales depending on the
sizes of the intruding magma and
the amount of water in the intruded
rocks and the reactive fluids
coming from the magma.
 creates non-foliated metamorphic
rocks
What’s More

That Is My Type
Instruction: Classify the rocks based on its type: igneous, sedimentary or
Metamorphic and state the classification of the rocks under these
categories. Check the box that corresponds to your answer.

IGNEOUS ROCKS
No. Rock Classification Intrusive Extrusive

1.

Granite

2.

Obsidian

3.

Pumice

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
No. Rock Classification Non-clastic Clastic

4.

Breccia

5.

Chert

6.

Coal
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Contact Regional
No. Rock Classification
metamorphism metamorphism

7.

Marble

8.

Gneiss

9.

Quartzite

What I Have Learned

Don’t Leave Me In Empty Spaces!


Instruction: Fill in the blank with the correct word to complete the sentence. Use
the picture as your reference.

Among the following rocks, (a) ______________ is an example of a metamorphic rock


which is formed when other rocks are changed by the factors (b) ___________ and (c)
___________. This type of rock can be classified as (d) __________ and (e)
____________. In this case, the said rock is classified as (f) _____________.

On the other hand, (g) ___________ is an example of an igneous rock wherein this
rock forms from the cooling of magma and lava. This rock is classified as (h)
__________ from solidified (i) __________ and is formed from (j) __________ cooling
rate.
(k) ___________ is an example of sedimentary rock wherein it is formed from
sedimentary processes such as weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition
of rocks. It is classified as (l) _____________.

What I Can Do

See The Bottom


Instruction: Analyze the pictures and answer the questions that follow.

3. What are the distinguish features of rock


samples A and B?

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
A ___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

4. What type of rocks does these rock samples


belong?

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
B

3. What are the distinguish features of rock


samples C and D?

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________ C

4. What type of rocks does these rock samples


belong?

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

D
5. What are the distinguish features of rock
samples C and D?

____________________________________________________
E ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

6. What type of rocks does these rock samples


belong?

F ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

Assessment

Ka-Grupo
Instruction: Classify the following rocks as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic.
After classifying, determine which category these rocks belong. Write
your answer on the space provided.
Additional Activities

Let’s Do The Recap


Instruction: Arrange the following words/phrases according to the concept
map given. Write your answers on the space provided found
in Figure 1.

Words/phrases to choose from:

pressure clastic extrusive rocks

metamorphic biological matter evaporates heat

mineral intrusive large crystals form contact

igneous maybe vesicular classified by size non-clastic

small or no crystals
regional lava cools quickly magma cools slowly
forms

classified on how they


contains air bubbles compacted sediments precipitates
are formed

generally forms from


forms from cooling and rocks change due to
the compaction and
solidification of lava or temperature and/or sedimentary
cementation of
magma pressure change
sediments

Refer to figure 1 on the next page


SAMPLE
Figure 1. Concept Map for Rock Classification
Answer Key
What I Know What’s New

11. A  Igneous
12. A basalt, gabbro, granite,
13. B pumice
14. D
15. B  Sedimentary
16. B conglomerate, limestone,
17. B sandstone, siltstone
18. C
19. C  Metamorphic
20. B gneiss, marble, schist, slate
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