Earth and Life Science: Quarter 1 - Module 3: Minerals and Rocks
Earth and Life Science: Quarter 1 - Module 3: Minerals and Rocks
Earth and Life Science: Quarter 1 - Module 3: Minerals and Rocks
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(This gives an instruction to the facilitator to orient the learners and support the
parents, elder sibling etc. of the learners on how to use the module. Furthermore, this
also instructs the facilitator to remind the learners to use separate sheets in
answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.)
(This communicates directly to the learners and hence, must be interactive. This
contains instructions on how to use the module. The structure and the procedure of
working through the module are explained here. This also gives an overview of the
content of the module. If standard symbols are used to represent some parts of the
module such as the objectives, input, practice task and the like they are defined and
explained in this portion.)
2
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Earth Science. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
3
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
5) What type of rock is formed from igneous and sedimentary rocks that
have been changed by heat and pressure?
a) Igneous Rock c) Sedimentary Rock
b) Metamorphic Rock d) Basaltic Rock
4
7) Pyroclastic rocks belong to which type of rocks?
a) Sedimentary c) Granite
b) Igneous d) Metamorphic
5
Lesson
Physical and Chemical
1 Properties of Rocks
You have already learned the three types of rocks present in our
environment. However, these different types of rocks have different classifications
that need to be understand and explored to appreciate the minerals present in our
sorroundings.
You are about to uncover the different minerals and rock classifications that
you might have encountered in your environment.
What’s In
Instruction: Fill in the blanks with the missing letters to form the correct
words. Use the given clues as your guide.
1. These are properties of a material which involves the altering of a substance’s molecular
structure.
C E I C L
P R E R E S
P O R I S
Processing Questions:
1. What are the words formed in the activity?
2. Have you encountered these words before?
3. What is your prior knowledge about these words?
6
Notes to the Teacher
Let the students recall what they have learned about rocks. Lead
them to remember the different concepts under these words.
Provide slide photographs of several rock formations and give brief
descriptions about them.
7
What’s New
Materials:
2 pcs. rock samples
Procedure:
1. Gather at least 2 pieces of different rock samples within the school ground
and label it as sample A and sample B.
2. Utilize the given materials to identify the physical properties of the minerals
such as color, luster, streak, cleavage, and hardness by filling up the
information table by filling up the information table.
Color: Color:
Luster: Luster:
Streak: Streak:
Cleavage: Cleavage:
Hardness: Hardness:
8
PROBING QUESTIONS:
1. What are the unique features of the collected rock samples?
2. What is the difference between a mineral's streak and color? Why is streak
more reliable for rock identification?
3. Aside from the physical properties listed, what are the chemical properties
that you have observed from the minerals collected?
What is It
Mineral Properties
Luster is the quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral
o Metallic- It is generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine
similar to a polished metal
o Non-metallic- It is vitreous (glassy), adamantine
(brilliant/diamond-like), resinous, silky, pearly, dull (earthy),
greasy, etc.
9
Figure 2. Mineral Hardness using Mohs’ Hardness Scale
10
Fracture- Some minerals may not have cleavages but exhibit broken
surfaces that are irregular and non-planar.
Specific Gravity- It is the ratio of the weight of a mineral to the weight of an
equal volume of water.
Others- There are certain unique properties of minerals that actually help in
their identification (e.g. magnetism, odor, taste, tenacity, reaction to acid,
etc.). Magnetite is strongly magnetic; sulfur has distinctive smell; halite is
salty; calcite fizzes with acid as with dolomite but in powdered form.
The most stable and least ambiguous basis for classification of minerals is
based on their chemical compositions.
11
What’s More
It is a Hint!
Instruction: Complete the word puzzle by identifying the properties of minerals as
shown on the pictures.
1. 2. 3.
_LE__AG_
_ R _ _ T _ R _E L _ _ T _ _R
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
12
What I Have Learned
13
What I Can Do
Familiarize Me!
Part A.
Instruction: Identify the physical properties and chemical properties of minerals.
Write your answer on the spaces provided.
1. 5. 9.
2. 6. 10.
3. 7. 11.
4. 8. 12.
Part B.
Instruction: Read and analyze each question as listed below. Write your answer on
the space provided on each number.
Magnetite
13. What physical property of minerals does the attraction of sands to the
magnetite exhibits?
_______________________________________________________________________________
14
14. Which of the minerals listed above (feldspar, quartz, fluorspar) have the same
physical properties as with magnetite? List down the said physical properties
and describe the comparison.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
15. What chemical property is evident in iron ore? Explain how this chemical
property works.
Iron Ore
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Assessment
15
4. Luster 5. Cleavage 6. Observed
Chemical
Property
Got To Be Curios!
Part B
Instruction: Read and answer the question listed below.
1. Is it possible for different types of rock to have the same physical and
chemical properties? Support your idea.
Mineral Rubric
4 3 2 1 Earned
Criteria
points points points points Points
Have Have described
Have
Describing Have correctly correctly the mineral
irrelevantly
the mineral and completely described the according to
described the
according to described the mineral its properties
mineral
its mineral according to but with
according to
properties. according to its properties insufficient
its
its properties. but contain ideas and
properties.
errors. contain errors.
Have
correctly and
Have correctly Have cited the
Citing the completely Have
and completely physical and
physical cited the irrelevantly
cited the chemical
and physical and cited the
physical and properties of
chemical chemical physical and
chemical mineral/s with
properties of properties of chemical
properties of insufficient
mineral/s. mineral/s properties of
mineral/s. ideas and
but contain mineral/s.
contain errors.
errors.
16
Additional Activities
Identify one mineral which is commonly used in the environment and list
down the specific property/properties that make the mineral suitable for those
uses. For example, graphite, having a black streak and hardness of 1-2, is used in
pencils due to its ability to leave marks on paper and other objects.
Answer Key
17
What I Know What’s In What’s More
1. A
2. A
3. B What I Have Learned
4. D
5. B What I Can Do
6. B
7. B
8. C Assessment
9. C
10. B
18
References
1. Calcite Cleavage by Steven Newton https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=bYiT2qgD8zQ&feature=youtube (8/30/2015).
2. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
%3AANd9GcQt7CACFeM4eijfduURayqBNzAz3sYenUa1YDfaH1sgf-gHK4eU&usqp=CAU. Retrieved on
April 30, 2020.
3. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcRDLLBk-
nLSh1MRfNYfM6xsP6uvdmmQtrJ9U6S1xpRhPoutjCwa&usqp=CAU. Retrieved on April 22, 2020.
4. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
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on April 22, 2020.
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%3AANd9GcTSdMZJpEhTwxJpBziMsLabgB8S17gUqQhET79V4oQVyvefkDo3&usqp=CAU. Retrieved
on April 30, 2020.
6. https://fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/geo_221-unit-2_0.pdf. Retrieved on April 22, 2020.
7. https://www.google.com/search?
tbs=simg:CAQSqwIJ0PbdMjZxOWUanwILELCMpwgaYgpgCAMSKNIGogHdBqcW3wbTBt4G3AbQBscJ
oiLSN9E3yimjIskpniKWIqQiwikaMALPaw2pkeyjHlPUlaQRQmVfj7Z1a11euPyUHNdCfv0MMYMKySCS
ZiKtVx0ZNkyecSAEDAsQjq7-
CBoKCggIARIEz2MxmAwLEJ3twQkalwEKGQoGYmFra3dh2qWI9gMLCgkvbS8wODljOWoKHgoMaWd
uZW91cyByb2Nr2qWI9gMKCggvbS8wM18yZgohCg1iYWJpIHBhbmdnYW5n2qWI9gMMCgovbS8wM2
NmY2puChoKB3Zlbmlzb27apYj2AwsKCS9tLzAxdGM1MwobCghtZWF0bG9hZtqliPYDCwoJL20vMDIw
ajN6DA&q=iron+ore+mesabi+range&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj90ePqq4_pAhU3y4sBHTSrBiIQ
wg4oAHoECAkQJw&biw=1366&bih=608. Retrieved on April 30, 2020.
8. Identifying Minerals by Michael Sammartano https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=32NG9aeZ7_c
(8/29/2015).
9. Laboratory Manual for Physical Geology – Mineral Identification https://
gln.dcccd.edu/Geology_Demo/content/LAB03/LAB_Man_03.pdf (8/29/2015).
10. The Mineral Identification Key http://www.minsocam.org/msa/
collectors_corner/id/mineral_id_keyq1.htm (8/29/2015).
11. https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2F-
cEAPVVlYUQ4%2FUSkeJ2fbyTI%2FAAAAAAAAIR4%2FMV0FonTriLA
%2Fs720%2F00607%25252520IMG_8329%2525252011%25252520cm
%25252520obsidian.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.sandatlas.org%2Fconchoidal-fracture
%2F&tbnid=hFmtkSR6S9RHZM&vet=12ahUKEwjs7uXvy4_pAhV2y4sBHTkBCgsQMygIegUIARCVAg..i
&docid=Nwoj0t2q9_8_jM&w=720&h=612&q=fracture
%20minerals&ved=2ahUKEwjs7uXvy4_pAhV2y4sBHTkBCgsQMygIegUIARCVAg. Retrieved on April
30, 2020.
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April 30, 2020.
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15. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQbjMM-ZD-BHi30R3L-
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%3Dmineral-group
%2Foxides&tbnid=Sf3bdNpkZmkvhM&vet=12ahUKEwjBj_aY0Y_pAhVFAqYKHQ1TAGgQMygRegUIAR
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17. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.mineralogy4kids.org%2F%3Fq
%3Dmineral-group%2Fcarbonates&psig=AOvVaw15eEIziePIaWnAK4-
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kCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE. Retrieved on April 30, 2020.
19
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Lesson
2 Rock Classifications
You have already learned the three types of rocks present in our
environment. However, these different types of rocks have different classifications
that need to be understand and explored to appreciate the minerals present in our
sorroundings.
You are about to learn the different classifications of rocks found in our
environment.
What’s In
Group Together
Instruction: Analyze the pictures and answer the questions that follow.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________`
_________________________________________________
ROCK TYPE
Igneous
Slate sandstone granite
Sedimentary
Probing Questions:
1. Based on the pictures, what are the unique characteristics of igneous rocks?
2. How is igneous rock formed?
3. Based on the pictures, what are the unique characteristics of sedimentary
rocks?
4. How is sedimentary rock formed?
5. Based on the pictures, what are the unique characteristics of metamorphic
rocks?
6. How is metamorphic rock formed?
What is It
Types of Rocks
1. IGNEOUS ROCKS
These are rocks that are derived from the cooling and solidification of
magma or lava.
Formed from solidified molten rock materials, usually hard and crystalline -
rate of cooling as one of the most important factors that control crystal
size.
Solidification can occur along the surface of the earth or beneath the surface
of the earth.
Examples:
a) Evaporites: rocks formed from the evaporation of water leaving the dissolved
minerals to crystallize.
b) Precipitates: rocks formed when minerals from a mineral super saturated
waters start to crystallize at the bottom of the solution.
c) Bioclastic: rock formed from compacted organic matter.
That Is My Type
Instruction: Classify the rocks based on its type: igneous, sedimentary or
Metamorphic and state the classification of the rocks under these
categories. Check the box that corresponds to your answer.
IGNEOUS ROCKS
No. Rock Classification Intrusive Extrusive
1.
Granite
2.
Obsidian
3.
Pumice
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
No. Rock Classification Non-clastic Clastic
4.
Breccia
5.
Chert
6.
Coal
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Contact Regional
No. Rock Classification
metamorphism metamorphism
7.
Marble
8.
Gneiss
9.
Quartzite
On the other hand, (g) ___________ is an example of an igneous rock wherein this
rock forms from the cooling of magma and lava. This rock is classified as (h)
__________ from solidified (i) __________ and is formed from (j) __________ cooling
rate.
(k) ___________ is an example of sedimentary rock wherein it is formed from
sedimentary processes such as weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition
of rocks. It is classified as (l) _____________.
What I Can Do
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
A ___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
B
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________ C
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
D
5. What are the distinguish features of rock
samples C and D?
____________________________________________________
E ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
F ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Assessment
Ka-Grupo
Instruction: Classify the following rocks as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic.
After classifying, determine which category these rocks belong. Write
your answer on the space provided.
Additional Activities
small or no crystals
regional lava cools quickly magma cools slowly
forms
11. A Igneous
12. A basalt, gabbro, granite,
13. B pumice
14. D
15. B Sedimentary
16. B conglomerate, limestone,
17. B sandstone, siltstone
18. C
19. C Metamorphic
20. B gneiss, marble, schist, slate
References
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content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F03%2Figneous-rocks.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.rocksforkids.com%2Figneous-rock
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