Pakistan Studies Grade 9th

Chapter # 2: The Making of Pakistan

Ans. Sir Sayyid was a staunch advocate of Hindu-Muslim collaboration. Which he believed, was a pre-
requisite of the progress of India, but he did not agree with the Congress philosophy of a single Indian
nationhood and disagreed with its politics of agitation. He criticized the Indian National Congress and
advised the Muslims to abstain from joining the congress, He clearly said that the Congress represented
only the Hindu community and was by no means a representative of the entire Indian population.

ii. Write a short note on Simla Conference (1945). (Book pg#20)

Ans. Wavel Plan: Viceroy Lord Wavell had already declared that he intended to establish an Executive
Council in India which will act as an Interim Government.

Members of Executive Council: This council will be all Indian except the Defence Member and the
viceroy himself. The Hindus and Muslims will be given equal representation in the council. The Muslim
League delegation was headed by the Quaid-e-Azam himself. The Congress delegation included number
of muslim leaders.

Purpose: To discuss the formation of proposed council as well as the programme of transfer of power,
the viceroy met the leading Indian politicians in a conference held at Simla in June 1945.

Congress Demand: The Congress demanded that it should be given a right to appoint members on seats
reserved for Muslims in the Viceroy’s proposed Executive Council.

Quaid’s View: The Quaid said that the Muslim League had won all the by-election, held on the Muslim
seat, during last two years. He asserted that only the Muslim League had a right to nominate members
against the quota specified for the Muslims in the Viceroy’s Executive Council.

Failure of plan: Lord Wavell announced failure and the conference broke on 14th July.

iii. What were the primary objectives of the Muslims League at the time of its formation? (Book Pg#
15)

Ans. Establishment of AIML: The All India Muslim League was founded in Dhaka on December 30, 1906.

Primary Objective: Safeguarding and protecting the interests of the Indian Muslims and to convey their
demands to the British Government in a peaceful manner and through constitutional means.
Pakistan Studies Grade 9th

Second Objective: To foster feelings of goodwill and understanding between the Muslims and other
Indian communities.

Strategies of Muslim League: The founders of Muslim League believed that the party should not indulge
in the politics of agitation, as the Congress did, But later, the Muslim League leadership started to join
hands with the Congress in order to get rid of the foreign rule.

iv. Write a short note on Delhi Convention. (Book Pg# 20)

Ans. The Muslim Representatives Convention and the Delhi Resolution (1946).

An All India Muslim League Legislators’ Convention was held in Delhi from 7th to 9th April 1946. About
500 central and provincial assembly members elected on the Muslim League’s ticket attended the
convention. The convention adopted a resolution.

Delhi Resolution’s Agenda: The Delhi resolution demanded that the Muslim majority provinces be
integrated into a complete sovereign, independent state, Pakistan. From the Muslim League, this was
the first resolution of its kind which spoke unambiguously about the state of Pakistan comprising all
Muslim provinces of the subcontinent.

v. Write a short note on Jinnah Gandhi Talk. (Book Pg#19)

Ans: Jinnah Gandhi Talks 1944: Gandhi’s invitation: Gandhi, the most influential of all the Hindu
leaders, was released in May 1944 on health grounds. Soon after his release Gandhi requested the
Quaid-e-Azam to hold talks with him on the question of Muslim demands and the future political
system.

Quaid’s Response: The Quaid e Azam agreed and a series of meetings took place between the 9th and
27th of September at the Quaid’s residence in Bombay.

Gandhi’ Proposal: Gandhi insisted that the Muslim League should join hands with the congress
unconditionally in its struggle for independence against the British and both the parties should solve
internal problems through mutual consultation after independence has been achieved.

Reply of Quaid-e-Azam: The Quaid-e-Azam failed to convince Gandhi on the Muslim demand for a
separate homeland and the philosophy of the Lahore Resolution. The Quaid argued that the problem of
Muslim independent homeland should be decided before the British leave India.

vi. Why Quaid-e-Azam was given the title of Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity and who gave him
the title. (Book Pg# 16)

Ans. Quaid’s Efforts for Hindu Muslim Unity: As a member of two most influential political parties,
Muhammad Ali Jinnah started to work for Hindu Muslim Unity. On Quaid’s suggestion and due to his
efforts the Muslim League and the Congress held their session jointly at Bombay in December 1915 and
later at Lucknow on 30th and 31st of December 1916.
Pakistan Studies Grade 9th

Lucknow Pact 1916: It was decided that both Muslim League and the Congress would submit to the
government, a jointly agreed scheme of constitutional reforms for India. The scheme known as the
“Lucknow Pact 1916” was based on the principle of self-government for India.

Jinnah got the title of Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity: Under the scheme of “Lucknow Pact 1916”
the Indian National Congress, for the first time, agreed to accept Muslim demand for separate
electorate. It was on this occasion that Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, an eminent Indian leader gave Jinnah the
title of the “Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity”.