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Differential Pressure Type Level Detector Review
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Differential Pressure Type Level Detector Review

The differential pressure (DP) detector method of liquid level measurement uses a Home
DP detector connected to the bottom of the tank being monitored. The higher Engineering Book Store
pressure, caused by the fluid in the tank, is compared to a lower reference pressure Engineering Forum
DataSheet (usually atmospheric). This comparison takes place in the DPdetector. Figure A1
illustrates a typical differential pressure detector attached to an open tank.
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Figure A1

The tank is open to the atmosphere; therefore, it is necessary to use only the high TRANSLATE
pressure (HP) connection on the DP transmitter. The low pressure (LP) side is
vented to the atmosphere; therefore, the pressure differential is the hydrostatic
head, or weight, of the liquid in the tank. The maximum level that can be measured Print Webpage
by the DP transmitter is determined by the maximum height of liquid above the
transmitter. The minimum level that can be measured is determined by the point Copyright Notice
where the transmitter is connected to the tank.

Not all tanks or vessels are open to the atmosphere. Many are totally enclosed to
OPEN prevent vapors or steam from escaping, or to allow pressurizing the contents of the
tank. When measuring the level in a tank that is pressurized, or the level that can
become pressurized by vapor pressure from the liquid, both the high pressure and
low pressure sides of the DP transmitter must be connected (Figure A2).

Figure A2

The high pressure connection is connected to the tank at or below the lower range
value to be measured. The low pressure side is connected to a "reference leg" that
is connected at or above the upper range value to be measured. The reference leg is
pressurized by the gas or vapor pressure, but no liquid is permitted to remain in the
reference leg. The reference leg must be maintained dry so that there is no liquid
head pressure on the low pressure side of the transmitter. The high pressure side is
exposed to the hydrostatic head of the liquid plus the gas or vapor pressure exerted
on the liquids surface. The gas or vapor pressure is equally applied to the low and
high pressure sides. Therefore, the output of the DP transmitter is directly
proportional to the hydrostatic head pressure, that is, the level in the tank.

Where the tank contains a condensible fluid, such as steam, a slightly different
arrangement is used. In applications with condensible fluids, condensation is
greatly increased in the reference leg. To compensate for this effect, the reference
leg is filled with the same fluid as the tank. The liquid in the reference leg applies a
hydrostatic head to the high pressure side of the transmitter, and the value of this
level is constant as long as the reference leg is maintained full. If this pressure
remains constant, any change in DP is due to a change on the low pressure side of
the transmitter (Figure A3).

Figure A3

The filled reference leg applies a hydrostatic pressure to the high pressure side of
the transmitter, which is equal to the maximum level to be measured. The DP
transmitter is exposed to equal pressure on the highand low pressure sides when
the liquid level is at its maximum; therefore, the differential pressure is zero. As the
tank level goes down, the pressure applied to the low pressure side goes down also,
and the differential pressure increases. As a result, the differential pressure and the
transmitter output are inversely proportional to the tank level.

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Date/Time: 02.03.2021 20:49

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