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The stem constitutes the ascending part of the plant above the ground. It provides mechanical support, facilitates photosynthesis, and elevates flowers and fruits. The stem grows primarily through cell division at the apical meristem. It also undergoes secondary growth through lateral meristems, resulting in increased thickness. Internally, the stem contains vascular tissues for transport and supporting tissues like the cortex. Externally, stems feature nodes, internodes, buds, and other structures.

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GAILE MEIZTY MOSADA
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117 views2 pages

This Study Resource Was

The stem constitutes the ascending part of the plant above the ground. It provides mechanical support, facilitates photosynthesis, and elevates flowers and fruits. The stem grows primarily through cell division at the apical meristem. It also undergoes secondary growth through lateral meristems, resulting in increased thickness. Internally, the stem contains vascular tissues for transport and supporting tissues like the cortex. Externally, stems feature nodes, internodes, buds, and other structures.

Uploaded by

GAILE MEIZTY MOSADA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STEM

-constitutes ascending part of the plant


-can be derived from epicotyl, growing above ground
axis of the embryo
Epicotyl
-Cylindrical structure with a mass of
meristematic cells and often with a
Secondary growth – increase in girth of stems and roots
pair of small leaves in its apex
out of the activity of two lateral meristems: vascular and
Main functions: cork cambium
- Provide mechanical support - Only woody dicots and gymnosperms have
- Facilitate photosynthesis secondary growth
- Elevates flowers and fruits for pollination and
seed dispersal
Primary growth – increase in length due to apical mass
of dividing cells called apical meristem or promeristem
Three primary meristems:
1. Protoderm- outermost layer of cells that

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develops into epidermis

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2. Ground meristem – gives rise to cortex, pith and

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pithrays Dicot stem with Pine stem
3. Procambium – appears first as strands among Secondary thickening

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the ground meristem cells and eventually gives
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rise to primary vascular tissues and vascular
ou urc
cambium (between vascular tissues)
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF STEM
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Cortex - interior to the epidermis


-composed of photosynthetic parenchyma and
aC s

sometimes collenchyma
vi y re

Vascular tissues:
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF STEM
Phloem -distributes sugar and minerals
Node – swollen part where leaves, branches, and buds
Xylem -conducts water and minerals
are attached
ed d

Internode – distance between two successive nodes


ar stu

Lenticels – small, raised dots, ridges for gaseous


exchange
Leaf Scar – marks below the axillary bud after a leaf has
fallen
is

Bud – underdeveloped shoot


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Bundle Scar – cut ends of vascular bundle seen within


each leaf scar
Leaf Axil – angle between the leaf and the stem
DICOT MONOCOT
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This study source was downloaded by 100000825018824 from CourseHero.com on 05-01-2021 03:20:52 GMT -05:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/34482958/Stemspdf/
Specialized Stems:
Others:

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aC s
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This study source was downloaded by 100000825018824 from CourseHero.com on 05-01-2021 03:20:52 GMT -05:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/34482958/Stemspdf/
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