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Carnot Cycle: Isothermal Expansion Att Adiabatic Expansion From T Tot

The document describes the Carnot cycle, which consists of four processes: 1. An isothermal expansion during which heat qh is absorbed at temperature Th. 2. An adiabatic expansion during which the system is expanded without heat transfer from Th to Tc. 3. An isothermal compression at temperature Tc during which heat qc is rejected. 4. An adiabatic compression raising the temperature back to Th, completing the cycle. The efficiency of a Carnot engine is the maximum possible and depends only on the temperatures Th and Tc. No engine can exceed the efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the same temperatures.

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Hyeon Chang No
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158 views3 pages

Carnot Cycle: Isothermal Expansion Att Adiabatic Expansion From T Tot

The document describes the Carnot cycle, which consists of four processes: 1. An isothermal expansion during which heat qh is absorbed at temperature Th. 2. An adiabatic expansion during which the system is expanded without heat transfer from Th to Tc. 3. An isothermal compression at temperature Tc during which heat qc is rejected. 4. An adiabatic compression raising the temperature back to Th, completing the cycle. The efficiency of a Carnot engine is the maximum possible and depends only on the temperatures Th and Tc. No engine can exceed the efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the same temperatures.

Uploaded by

Hyeon Chang No
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Carnot Cycle

1: A → B 2: B → C
Isothermal Adiabatic
expansion expansion
at Th from Th to Tc
Additional qh
is supplied

3: C → D
4: D →A Isothermal
Adiabatic compression
compression at Tc
from Tc to Th Residual qc
is released

Carnot Cycle

1: A → B 2: B → C
Entropy gain No entropy
q h qc
∆S = qh / Th ∫ dS = +
Th Tc
change

3: C → D
4: D →A
No entropy Entropy loss
change
∆S = qc / Tc
Carnot Cycle (Justification)

For isothermal processes (q = −w)


V V
q h = nRTh ln B , q c = nRTc ln D
VA VC
For adiabatic processes
VATh = VDTc and VCTc = VBTh
c c c c

multiplication of both relations gives,

VAVCTh Tc = VBVDTh Tc
c c c c

∴VAVC = VBVD
VA VD qh T
= =− h
VB VC qc Tc
for a perfect gas

Efficiency of Engine

work perfomed w
efficiency ε= =
heat absorbed qh

q h + qc q
ε= = 1+ c
qh qh
Tc
ε rev = 1 − Carnot efficiency
Th
Efficiency of Engine

Second law of thermodynamics implies that all reversible


engines have the same efficiency regardless of their construction
if ε engine A > ε engine B

Contrary to Kelvin’s
statement of the 2nd law

General Cycle & Carnot Cycles

Reversible cycle can be


approximated as a collection
of Carnot cycles

qrev qrev
∑
all T
= ∑
perimeter T
=0

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