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Discrete Mathematical Structure Assignment Set 1

The document discusses key concepts in set theory including sets and their representations, cardinality, equal and equivalent sets, symmetric difference of sets, subsets and power sets, set operations and partitions, Venn diagrams, algebraic properties of set operations, duality and its principal. It provides examples of identities and properties to prove involving unions, intersections, complements, differences, and other set operations. It also presents principles like inclusion-exclusion to apply to problems counting elements that satisfy multiple conditions.

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102 views

Discrete Mathematical Structure Assignment Set 1

The document discusses key concepts in set theory including sets and their representations, cardinality, equal and equivalent sets, symmetric difference of sets, subsets and power sets, set operations and partitions, Venn diagrams, algebraic properties of set operations, duality and its principal. It provides examples of identities and properties to prove involving unions, intersections, complements, differences, and other set operations. It also presents principles like inclusion-exclusion to apply to problems counting elements that satisfy multiple conditions.

Uploaded by

code cademy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DISCRETE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES

SET THEORY Assignment -1

1. Explain the following terms:


(i) Sets and their representation with examples.
(ii) Cardinality.
(iii) Equal and equivalent sets.
(iv) Symmetric difference of two sets.
(v) Subsets, proper subsets and power set of a set.
(vi) Set operations and partition.
(vii) Venn diagram
(viii) Algebraic properties of set operations.
(ix) Duality and its principal.
2. Prove the following identities.
(i) Idempotent law A  A  A; A  A  A .
A   B  C    A  B   C; A   B  C    A  B   C
(ii) Associative law .
(iii) Commutative law A  B  B  A; A  B  B  A .
A   B C    A  B   A  C 
(iv) Distributive law .
(v) Identity law A    A .
Compliment law A  A  U ; A  A   .Φ
' '
(vi)
 A  B   A'  B ' ;  A  B   A'  B '
' '

(vii) Demorgan’s law .

(viii) Involution law


A ' '
A
.
A   A  B  A
(ix) Absorption law .

3 For any three sets A,B and C, prove


(i) A – B ∩ C = (A – B) Ụ ( A- C )
(ii) A – ( B Ụ C ) = (A – B)∩ ( A- C )

4 Which of the following is not true


(i) A  B  A  B
'

(ii) (A-(A –B) =. A-B’


(iii) A- (A∩B) A – B
(iv) (A-(A –B) =. B

5 If A = [ 5 , {6} , {7} ] then which of the following is true

(i) .Φ € P(A)
(ii) .Φ subset of P(A)
(iii) [5 ,{6}] € p(A)
(iv) [5 ,{6}] is subset of p(A)
6 (i) State and Prove Demorgan’s law.
(ii) Let { A1, A2,…, An} and {B1,B2,…,Bm} be partitions of a set X, Show that the collection of sets P
= { Ai  Bj , i= 1,2,..,n ; j = 1,2,…,m} - is also a partition of X.

7 Let X={ 1 ,2,…, 9}.Find the cross partition of the following partition of X P =[ {1,3,5,7,9},{2,4,6,8}]
and Q=[{1,2,3,4},{5,7},{6,8,9}] Ans [ {1,3},{2,4},{6,8}, {5,7} {9}]
8 Determine whether or not each of the following is a partition of the set R of real numbers.
(i) [{x:x>4}, {x: x <5}]
(ii) [{x:x>0}, {0}, {x: x <0}]
(iii) [{x:x2>12}, {x: x2 <12}] Ans (ii) is partition

9 For any two sets A and B , prove that


(i) A B  A .
(ii) A  B  A  B' .

(iii)
 A  B  B  A  B .
(iv)
 A  B  B   .
(v)
 A  B    B  A   A  B    A  B  .
(vi) A  B  A'  B ' .
(vii) A B  A  A B   .
(viii) A B  A B .

10 If A and B are subsets of the universal set U , then show that


(i) A  B    A  B '  B  A' .
(ii) A B  U  A'  B  B '  A .

11 If A, B and C are three sets, then prove that


A   B  C    A  B   A  C 
(i) .
A   B  C    A  B   A  C 
(ii) .
A   B  C    A  B   A  C 
(iii) .
A   BC    A  B    A  C 
(iv) .
A  B  C    A B   A C 
(v) .
A  B  C    A B   A C 
(vi) .
12 For any two finite sets A and B , prove that
A B  A  B  A B
.

13 State and prove the principle of Inclusion and exclusion.

14 State the Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion. A man writes four letters and
addresses four envelopes. He puts the letters in the envelopes at random Determine
the number of ways in which none of the letter is put in the correct envelope.Ans 9
15 Suppose that 100 of the 120 students of Mathematics at a College take at least one of the language
Hindi, English and German. Also suppose 65 study Hindi, 45 study English ,42 study German, 20
study Hindi and English, 25 study English & German and 15 study Hindi & German . Find the number
of students who study all three language.

16 In a group of 90 students, each of whom has taken at least mathematics or computer science or statistics,
it were found 40 students having mathematics, 50 students having computer science and 60 students
having statistics. 10 students have mathematics as well as computer science, 40 students have
mathematics as well as statistics and 10 students have all the three subjects. Find the number of students
whom have computer science and statistics but not mathematics.

17 Thirty cars were assembled in a factory. The options available were a radio, an air conditioner and
white—wall tires. It is known that 15 of the cars have radios, 8 of them have airconditoners, and 6 of
them have white-wall tires. Moreever 3 of them have all three options. Determine at least how many
cars do not have any options at all.

18 In a survey of 60 people it was found that 25 read News week, 26 read Time and 26 read the magazine
Fortune. Also 9 read both Newsweek and Fortune, 11 read News week and Time and 8 read both Time
and Fortune. If 8 read none of three magazines determine the number of people who read exactly one
magazine.
19 Determine the number of positive integer n where 1≤ n≤1000 and n is not divisible by 2 ,3,and 5.
Ans 266
20 Determine the number of positive integer n where 1≤ n≤250 that are divisible by any of the integer 2 ,3,
5 and 7. Ans 193
21 n letters to each of which corresponds one envelope are placed in the envelopes at random. How many
ways are there that no letter is placed in the right envelope? Ans. n|(1/2|-1/3|+… (-1) n-
1
/n|)
22 How many integral solution are there of the equation x 1 +x2 +x3 + x4 = 20 where 0<x1<7 ; 2 <x2<8;
4<x3<9 and 1<x<10 ? Ans 217
23 How many integral solution are there of the equation x1 +x2 +x3 + x4 = 18 where 0<xi<8 ; i =1,2,3,4
Ans 246

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