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Entropy is a measure of randomness and disorder in a system. It also quantifies how much energy is unavailable for work. The change in entropy (ΔS) of a system is calculated as the entropy of the final state minus the initial state. A positive ΔS means the final state is more disordered, while a negative ΔS means the final state is more ordered. Entropy increases with temperature, volume, and when the number of product molecules is greater than reactants. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating ΔS using standard entropy values and the formula ΔSsurr = -ΔH/T for entropy changes in the surroundings.

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Mark Angelo Manuel Elduayan
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112 views3 pages

Written Report For

Entropy is a measure of randomness and disorder in a system. It also quantifies how much energy is unavailable for work. The change in entropy (ΔS) of a system is calculated as the entropy of the final state minus the initial state. A positive ΔS means the final state is more disordered, while a negative ΔS means the final state is more ordered. Entropy increases with temperature, volume, and when the number of product molecules is greater than reactants. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating ΔS using standard entropy values and the formula ΔSsurr = -ΔH/T for entropy changes in the surroundings.

Uploaded by

Mark Angelo Manuel Elduayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Luis Khyle Q.

Nicodemus STEM - 3

Entropy

Measure of the randomness and disorder of the system. This thermodynamic property is also a
measure of how much energy is unavailable for conversion into work.

Formula in Change in Entropy:

ΔS = ΔSfinal - ΔS initial

A positive ΔS indicates that the final state is most random or disordered the initial state. A
negative ΔS indicates that the final state is more ordered than the initial state. Entropy change is
one factor that can account for the spontaneity of endothermic processes.

Factors Affecting Entropy:

1. With increase in temperature entropy increases because energy increases with in the
system due to which randomness increases.
2. With increase in volume entropy of substance increases as it could be seen in gases the
randomness increase because they have larger volume than solid and liquids. Thus the
atoms have large space to bounce around. Thus on expansion entropy increases, similarly
when solid becomes liquid randomness increases and thus the entropy of a system.
3. The reaction in which the no. of molecules on product side is more than that on the
reactant side, entropy increases.

CHEMICAL SYSTEM

A ₂B → 2a + B

STEM - 3
Dustin Bryan N. Luague

ENTROPY CHANGE EXAMPLE PROBLEM

Problem:

(a) Hg(l)    Hg(g)

Formula:

  So =  So(products) -  So(reactants)

Solution

(a) Using a standard-state entropy data table, we find the following information:

Compound            S�(J/mol-K)

Hg(l)                         76.02

Hg(s)                      174.96

The balanced equation states that 1 mole of mercury vapor is produced for each mole
of liquid mercury that boils.  The standard-state entropy of reaction is therefore
calculated as follows:

  So =  So(products) -  So(reactants)

        = [1 mol Hg(g) x 174.96 J/mol-K] - [1 mol Hg(l) x 76.02 J/mol-K]

        = 98.94 J/K

The sign of   So is positive because this process transforms a liquid into a gas, which
is inherently more disordered.

STEM - 3
Another Example of Entropy Change Problem:

ΔSsurr = -ΔH/T

Solution

The change in entropy of the surroundings after a chemical reaction at constant


pressure and temperature can be expressed by the formula

ΔSsurr = -ΔH/T

where
ΔSsurr is the change in entropy of the surroundings
-ΔH is heat of reaction
T = Absolute Temperature in Kelvin

Reaction a

ΔSsurr = -ΔH/T
ΔSsurr = -(-2045 kJ)/(25 + 273)
**Remember to convert °C to K**
ΔSsurr = 2045 kJ/298 K
ΔSsurr = 6.86 kJ/K or 6860 J/K

Note the increase in the surrounding entropy since the reaction was exothermic.

 An exothermic reaction is indicated by a positive ΔS value. This means heat was


released to the surroundings or that the environment gained energy. This
reaction is an example of a combustion reaction. If you recognize this reaction
type, you should always expect an exothermic reaction and positive change in
entropy.

STEM - 3

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