Chapter #7 HW. Nghi Huynh

Chapter #7 Homework
Name: Nghi Huynh

Math 146
1. My Null Hypothesis is that the average number of hours of sleep per night for adults in Spokane is
greater than 6 hours. After a brief statistical study, I decide to reject the Null Hypothesis. Later I discover
that the Null Hypothesis was actually correct. When I rejected the Null Hypothesis, did I make a Type I
or a Type II error?
Type 1 error.
2. True or False: the lower the p - value, the more likely it is that the Null Hypothesis is false. Explain
your answer.
True since the smaller the p-value is, the stronger the evidence against the Null Hypothesis.
3. True or False: If the p - value exceeds the level of significance, then we cheerfully accept the Null
Hypothesis. Explain your answer.
False because when our p-value is higher than the significant level of alpha, we just don’t have enough evidence to
reject Null Hypothesis and we would fail rejecting it. We would never accept the Null Hypothesis. We may still have
doubts about the Null Hypothesis, and should have more research.
4. A manufacturer of microwaves claims that the mean lifetime of their microwaves is 4.3 years and a
standard deviation of 1.668 years. A sample of 35 of these machines has a mean of 4.4 years. Does this
sample give sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean time is greater than 4.3 years? Use a significance
level of α = 0.05, and round all values to three decimal places.
Be sure to state your Hypothesis Test, compute your p - value, and to draw your conclusion in terms of the
microwaves and their lifetimes (don’t just say that you reject H0 or that you fail to reject H0 ).
Null Hypothesis –𝐻0:𝜇= 4.3
Alternate Hypothesis -𝐻1:𝜇 > 4.3
Right-Tail Test
Since 𝑛= 35 ≥30, the Central Limit Theorem implies that the sample means 𝑥̅ are normally distributed. The
sampling distribution has mean 𝜇𝑥̅ = 𝜇 = 4.4 and standard deviation(i.e. standard error)𝜎𝑥̅=𝜎√𝑛=1.668:√35≈
0.282 year. The right-tail area is
p-value=𝑃(𝑥̅ ≥ 4.4)=𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑑𝑓(4.4,1𝐸99,4.3,0.282)≈ 36.144%
Since the p-value 36.144% exceeds the level of significance 𝛼=5%, we fail to reject the Null Hypothesis, i.e. there is not
statistically significant evidence at the 𝛼=5% to suggest that the mean time is greater than 4.3 years.
1
5. A researcher who is studying the effects of income levels on breastfeeding of infants hypothesizes that
lower-income countries have a higher rate of infant breastfeeding than high-income countries. It is known
that in Germany, considered a high-income country by the World Bank, 22% of all babies are breastfeed.
In Tajikistan, considered a low-income country by the World Bank, researchers found that in a random
sample of 500 new mothers that 125 were breastfeeding their infant. At the α = 10% level of significance,
does this data suggest that low-income countries have a higher incidence of breastfeeding? Round all values
to three decimal places.
Be sure to state your Hypothesis Test, compute your p - value, and to draw your conclusion in terms of the
income of a country and its incidence of breastfed babies (don’t just say that you reject H0 or that you fail
to reject H0 ).
Null Hypothesis –𝐻0:𝜇= 22%

Alternate Hypothesis -𝐻1:𝜇 > 22%
Right-Tail Test
𝑛𝑝=(500)(0.22)=110>5and 𝑛𝑞=(500)(0.78)=390 >5, and so the sampling distribution of the sample proportion 𝑝̂ is approximately
normal with mean 𝜇𝑝̂=0.22 and standard deviation (standard error) 𝜎𝑝̂=√𝑝𝑞/𝑛=√(0.22)(0.78)/500 ≈ 0.019.
Sample Proportion: 𝑝̂=125/ 500≈0.25
p-value: The right tail area is 𝑃(𝑝̂ ≥ 0.25)=𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑑𝑓(0.25, 1𝐸99,0.22,0.019)≈ 5.717%
Conclusion: Since our p-value of 5.717% is less than the level of significance of 𝛼=10%, we reject the Null Hypothesis, i.e.
we conclude that there’s statistically significant evidence to support the claim that lower-income countries have a higher
rate of infant breastfeeding than high-income countries.
(
H0 : p = 0.62
6. Suppose you’re testing the hypotheses . Compute the z−score and the p - value of the
H1 : p 6= 0.62
sample proportion p̂ = 0.65. Assume a sample size of 50. Round all values to three decimal places.
Two- tail test
Our sample proportion: pˆ = 0.65> 0.62
Normality check: 𝑛𝑝=(50)(0.62)=31>5and 𝑛𝑞=(50)(0.38)=19 >5
so the sampling distribution of the sample proportion 𝑝̂ is approximately normal with mean 𝜇𝑝̂=0.62, standard
deviation (standard error) 𝜎𝑝̂=√𝑝𝑞/𝑛=√(0.62)(0.38)/50 ≈ 0.069.
Z-score is the particular value that fits into the gap between our sample proportion 0.65 and our sample mean 0.62
Z-score for pˆ= 0.65: Z= ( 𝑝̂- 𝜇𝑝̂) : 𝜎𝑝̂= (0.65-0.62) : 0.069= 0.435
The left tail area is 𝑃( z ≤ 0.435)=𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑑𝑓( -1𝐸99, 0.435,0.62,0.069)≈ 0.367%
P-value (Two tail) = 0.367 x 2= 0.734 %

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Chapter #7 Homework

Name: Nghi Huynh

p-value=𝑃(𝑥̅ ≥ 4.4)=𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑑𝑓(4.4,1𝐸99,4.3,0.282)≈ 36.144%

Null Hypothesis –𝐻0:𝜇= 22%

p-value: The right tail area is 𝑃(𝑝̂ ≥ 0.25)=𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑑𝑓(0.25, 1𝐸99,0.22,0.019)≈ 5.717%

The left tail area is 𝑃( z ≤ 0.435)=𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑑𝑓( -1𝐸99, 0.435,0.62,0.069)≈ 0.367%

P-value (Two tail) = 0.367 x 2= 0.734 %

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