COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY

IN

Reading in the Philippine History

Submitted by: Ian Jay M. Grino BSINDT-WAF1

Submitted to: Mr. McChristian R. Mamaoag

CHAPTER 1
 This chapter tells that it is important that in every text that we read, we must first look on the
other side and set aside the biases, identify the truth and consider other important details. After the
Philippine achieved independence from Spain, the Americans took over the country. Filipinos were
known for being creative and they used it against the United States to reveal that even though
Americans promised the country freedom and modernity, they still benefited from its money and
resources. Moreover, the occupation of Americans to the Philippines started a revolution and ended
on July 4, 1946. In addition, we also talked about the proclamation of Philippines Independence from
the Spanish colonization by selling us to the United States. Biases in the context about the Philippine
Declaration of Philippine Independence in terms of powers was seen, the disreputable death of
GOMBURZA and the killing of Jose Rizal which serve as a catalyst in the revolution was mentioned
however the one who first started the revolution against the Spaniards were mentioned once but
Bonifacio and his men do not include there. This justifies that even the most important paper in
history must be analyzed and filtered.

On the other hand, learning things about the Philippine history does not only about
recognizing people behind the freedom, culture and practices that we have today it also gives us
knowledge to ensure that we don't repeat the same mistakes that the people did before but learn
something from it in order to give a better future and decisions for our country. From the previous
lesson we discussed and familiarized about the different kinds of sources that give the historian about
the idea of what happened in the past, what methods and processes they do to analyze the facts and
the criticisms that they faced. In this chapter we discussed and analyzed a sample primary source of
history from the summary of the first voyage around the world by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta.

In general, we have learned that finding the truth about the history of the Philippines is very
hard, because historian must be careful and cautious in collecting data and resources from the past and
it also undergo a process and methods where historians must filter every single details about the
resources they get and makes sure that it's content is not biased and concerned not only for the victory
but also recognized all people regarding their position in life for contributing to the history.

CHAPTER 2

SOURCES OF HISTORY

Source refers to anything or place from which something comes, arises, or is

obtained. In this chapter I will try to explore the different categories of source and the
differences between them. Basically, there are a lot of categories of a source, there's
Documents, Numerical, Oral statements, and Relics. There are (3) kinds of sources, the first
one is the primary sources. Primary sources give first hand, original & unfiltered information.
For example, eyewitness accounts. Personal interview survey, etc. These are the examples of
primary sources because they have a close and direct connection to their subject. The second
source is the "Secondary Sources" This category of source is just the information that is
filtered through someone else's perspective and can be biased. The third is Tertiary sources,
this provides the third hand information by reporting ideas and details from secondary
sources, and it has potential for an additional layer of bias.

There are differences between Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources, there are
sources of information are often categorized as primary or secondary depending upon their
originality. The different primary sources are created at the time of an event, or very soon
after, created by someone who saw it heard an event themselves, often one-of-a-kind, or rare,
letters, diaries, photos and newspapers can all be primary sources. On the other hand, the
different secondary sources are created after an event, sometimes a long time after something
happened, often uses primary sources as an example expressing an opinion or an argument
about a past event and lastly History textbooks, historical movies and biographies can all be
Secondary Sources.

In general, sources are important especially in historians which can help them to
justify and prove claim. History is a long way process, as an ordinary person, I personally
won’t believe an articles or heresy without further evidence, that is why historians provides
sources of information to make sure that everything they claim was proven legit.

CHAPTER 3

Content and Contextual Analysis

     The Content Analysis is a research method for studying documents and
communication artifacts, which can be texts of various formats, pictures, audio or video. One
of the key advantage of this research method is to analyze social phenomena in a non-
invasive way, in contrast to simulating social experience or collecting survey answers. They
all involve systematic reading or observation of texts or artifact which are assigned labels or
codes to indicate the presence of interesting meaningful patterns. In this chapter, I will try to
explore the on how historian conducted content analysis and what question they ask in order
to gain the information needed.
 Basically, content analysis is best understood as a broad family of techniques.
Effective research chooses techniques that help them answer their substantive question. That
said, according to Klaus Kripendorf, six questions must be addressed in every content
analysis. Example questions are the following: Which data are analyzed? How are all the data
defined? From what population are data drawn? What is the relevant context? What is the
boundaries of the analysis? What is to be measured? The simplest and most objective from of
content analysis considers unambiguous characteristics of the text such as word frequencies,
the page area taken by a newspaper column, or the duration of a radio or television program.

In addition, a further step in analysis is the distinction between dictionary-based

(quantitative) approaches and qualitative approaches. Dictionary based approaches set up a
list of categories derived from the frequency list of words and control the distribution of
words and their respective categories over the texts. There are five types of text in content
analysis which are it is a written text, such as books and papers, it can also be oral text, such
as speech and theatrical performance, another thing is Iconic text, such as drawing, painting,
and icons. It can also be done through Audio-visual text, such as TV program, movies, and
videos and lastly is Hypertext, which are texts found on the internet.

On the other hand, A Contextual Analysis is an analysis of text (in whatever medium,

including multi-media) that helps us to assess that text within the context of its historical and
cultural setting. A Context analysis combines feature of formal analysis with feature of
“culture archaeology” or the systematic study of social, political, economic, philosophical
religious, and aesthetic condition that were (or can be assumed to have been) in place at the
time and place when the text was created.

In general, without historical context and content analysis, we are only seeing a piece
of the scene and not fully understanding the influence of the time and place in which a
situation occurred. That is why it is making history was indeed a long way process because it
needed to be done accurately in order to provide legit analysis.
 CHAPTER 4

Historical Significance

Historical Significance is the process used to evaluate what was significant

about selected events, people, and developments in the past. This is important in order to
assess and understand the significance of specific event from the past. In this chapter, I will to
explore why is it necessary to understand history and its relevance in our daily living.

Basically according to Victor Hugo B, there are issues on assessing the historical
significance. He believes that our views about historical significance are often shaped by
contemporary contexts and can be dependent upon our own values, interests and knowledge.
It is indeed accurate that history significance shapes our recent culture in which we still value
and apply the different values and beliefs from our ancestors which we obtain as our first
knowledge in dealing life. Another thing is that historical significance is how we define past
events that current writer of history deems important/relevant. Basically, historians use the
significance of secondary sources in order to support their arguments. Understanding it will
serve as a tool in order to define the past events effectively.
And lastly, historical significance is relative and varies from location to location, generation
to generation or sometimes to ideological orientation to political affiliation of the one doing
the evaluation or assessment. This means that the definition of history matters to the one who
conducted the assessment, even if the writer uses previous books of history as its secondary
sources, it doesn’t deny the fact that every author has different interpretation to the subject
explaining something based on their own perception.

In general, history helps us understand change. It records and helps people understand

successes and failures. Through these studies people can learn about change and how others
are affected by it. It shows patterns of behavior or events in the past and their outcome which
can help us avoid similar outcomes in the future.

CHAPTER 5

There are many different purposes of writing and they all are important in their own
way. I first want to tell you a little bit about the author's purpose. In this chapter, I will try to
explore the different purposes author does in writings. Basically, the author’s purpose refers to
his or her reason for or intent in writing a text, a line, a paragraph, an essay, a story, etc.

There are writing categories which the authors purpose in writing, first is to persuade,
this means that the authors want you to believe, do, or buy something.
This type of writing is called Persuasive Writing. Some of its examples are Advertisement,
campaign speech, persuasive letters, opinions, etc. Secondly, is to inform. This means that the
authors want to tell you how to do something works. This type of writing falls under
Expository Writing. Example of this works are document, contracts, arguments, law, rules,
expository essay or article, instruction or directions, Encyclopedias or other reference texts,
Business letters, Textbooks, Etc. After that is to narrate or recount, this means that the
authors want to relate a story or recount past events. This type of writing is called Narrative
Writing. Few examples of it was history text, non-fictions book, biographies, anecdotes,
newspaper and etc. In addition, another purpose of the author was to describe this refers when
the authors want to tell visualize or experience what something or someone looks like, sound
like, or feels like. This was commonly known as Descriptive Writing. Some examples of it
are stories, poem, drama, song and etc. Another purpose was to explain; this means that the
authors want to tell you how to do something or how something works. This type of writing
falls under Expository Writing. This are usually Instruction, Directions, Step by Step
procedures, Operation Manuals and etc. Lastly, is to entertain, this means that the authors
want to amuse you or for you to enjoy the Writing Itself. Some of examples of this are Novel,
Stories, Poems, Dram, Song and etc.

In general, there are lots of purposes works that is why the author’s purpose is not
always clear, but sometimes the intentionally of the author text is itself, but it’s reflected to
the way when he writes about the topics or subject matters. The important thing is that
writing makes the author express something that we readers and listeners enjoy and
understand his message that he/she expresses through his/her works.

CHAPTER 6
DOCUMENT ANALYSIS WORKSHEET: ANALYSIS A HISTORICAL WRITING

Historical writing refers to an organized account, often in narrative form, of the past
of a nation group of people are important figures. Some historical source for assessment and
analysis chronicle are the following: These terms are usually used by the native Filipino from
the past in which became the basis for historian to conduct analysis through this account.

CATOLONAN - As above stated, was either a man or woman.

MANGAGAUAY - or witches who deceived by pretending to heal the sick.

MANYISALAT - Is the same as MANGAGAUAY.

MANCOCOLAM - Whose duty it has to evit fire from himself at height, one on oftener each month

HOCLOBAN - Is another kind of which or greater efficacy than the mangagauay.

SILAGAN - office it was it they saw everyone clothed in white to tear out his liver and eat it thus
causing his death.

MAGTATANGAL - and his purpose was to show himself at night to many person's, without his head
or entrails.

OSUANG - which is equivalent to "sorcerer" they say that they have seen him fly and that he
munderedmen and their alive. 

ANOTHER CLASS OF WITCHES MANGAGAYOMA - they made charans for lover’s herbs,
stones, and wood, which would include the heart with love 
SOWAT - is equivalent to "preacher" it was his office help to help at which time he predicted the
salutation or condemnation of the soul.
PANGATAHOJAN - was a soothsayer and predicted the future.

BAYUGUIN - signified a " cotquveat" a man chose nature inclined towards a woman.

Unfortunately, these historical writing and tradition was stopped when revolution was
started in August 1896, by Spain through Governor Miguel Lopez deLegazpi, followed by his
predecessor for Ferdinand Magellan who Landed on the shores of Cebu, Island by means of
pact of he was provoked by chief Kalipulako of Mactan suspended compact with chief
Sikatuna. Military uprising of the fort of san Felipe in Cavite the night in January 21,1872.
Moreover, the Southeast Asia free trending area act verse effect with EUROPEAN such
ENGLISH, DUTCH and SPANISH who want to control the economy as to COLONIZE and
CHRISTIANIZE. Apparently, was Force July to October called the PRIVATE WIND "
PRIVATE MONSOON. In general, the culture and tradition entails in our ancestors was
vanish due to the colonization of the western people in which the beliefs and our faith was
being influenced by the foreign invaders. Thus, with the researchers such as historians, we
are able to be knowledgeable about the previous event on how our native Filipinos survive
and their practices in order to live before the colonization.
 CHAPTER 10

Pugad Lawin, Balintawak or Bahay toro

In the previous chapter, it tells us about the historical writing by our native Filipino
before the colonization. In this chapter, I will try to explore the different propaganda rises
during the Spanish colonization and the existing events during that time. The Cry of
Balintawak (Filipino: Sigaw ng Balíntawak, Spanish: Grito de Balíntawak) was the beginning
of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire.
The term "Cry" is translated from the Spanish el grito de rebelion (cry of rebellion) or
el grito for short. Thus the Grito de Balintawak is comparable to Mexico's Grito de Dolores
(1810). However, el grito de rebelion strictly refers to a decision or call to revolt. It does not
necessarily connote shouting, unlike the Filipino sigaw.These events vitalized the unity of the
Filipino People and brought "thirst" for independence. The Cry of the Rebellion in Pugad
Lawin, marked the start of the Philippine Revolution in 1896 which eventually led to
Independence of the country in 1898.

At the close of August 1896, members of the Katipunan secret society (Katipuneros)
led by Andrés Bonifacio rose up in revolt somewhere in an area referred to as Caloocan,
wider than the jurisdiction of present-day Caloocan City which may have overlapped into
present-day Quezon City. Originally the term cry referred to the first clash between the
Katipuneros and the Civil Guards (Guardia Civil). The cry could also refer to the tearing up
of community tax certificates (cédulas personales) in defiance of their allegiance to Spain.
The inscriptions of "Viva la Independencia Filipina" can also be referred to as a term for the
cry. This was literally accompanied by patriotic shouts. Because of competing accounts and
ambiguity of the place where this event took place, the exact date and place of the Cry is in
contention. From 1908 until 1963, the official stance was that the cry occurred on August 26
in Balintawak. In 1963 the Philippine government declared a shift to August 23 in Pugad
Lawin, Quezon City. Moreover, various accounts give differing dates and places for the Cry
of Pugad Lawin. An officer of the Spanish guardia civil, Lt. Olegario Diaz, stated that the Cry
took place in Balintawak on August 25, 1896. Historian Teodoro Kalaw in his 1925 book The
Filipino Revolution wrote that the event took place during the last week of August 1896 at
Kangkong, Balintawak. Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez, the
leader of the Magdiwang faction in Cavite, stated in 1927 that the Cry took place in Bahay
Toro, now in Quezon City on August 24, 1896. Pío Valenzuela, a close associate of Andrés
Bonifacio, declared in 1948 that it happened in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896. Historian
Gregorio Zaide stated in his books in 1954 that the "Cry" happened in Balintawak on August
26, 1896. Fellow historian Teodoro Agoncillo wrote in 1956 that it took place in Pugad
Lawin on August 23, 1896, based on Pío Valenzuela's statement. Accounts by historians
Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion and Ramon Villegas claim the event to have
taken place in Tandang Sora's barn in Gulod, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City. Some of the
apparent confusion is in part due to the double meanings of the terms "Balintawak" and
"Caloocan" at the turn of the century.
 CHAPTER 11

Social, Political, Economic, and Cultural issues in the Philippine history .

"The lack of a sense of history is the damnation of the modern world" By-Robert Penn
Warren." The research output may be in the form of a term paper, exhibit, documentary presentation,
diorama, webpage, and other genres where students can express their ideas. The R.A 6657 or CARP -
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, is the redistribution of public and private agricultural
lands to farmers and farmworkers who are landless irrespective of tenurial arrangement. One of the
major programs of CARP is land tenure improvement, which seeks to hasten distribution of lands to
landless farmers.

The legal basis for CARP is the Republic Act. 6657 otherwise known as Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) signed by President Corazon C. Aquino on June 10, 1988. The
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6657 on June 10, 1988, is an act instituting a comprehensive agrarian reform
program to promote social justice and industrialization, providing the mechanism for its
implementation, and for other purposes. The CARP is a stands for the Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Program, is a government initiative that aims to grant landless farmers and farmworkers
ownership of agricultural lands. The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), identifies and screens
potential beneficiaries and validates their qualifications. For example, to quantify you must be at least
15 years olds be a resident of the barangay where that land holding is located, and own no more than 3
hectares of agricultural land.

There are many agencies involved in the implementation of CARP. The lead agencies are the
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR). The subject to land reform an estimated 7.8 million hectares of land is recovered by CARP.
The land has been acquired and distributed so far, as of December 31, 2013, the government has
acquired and distributed 6.9 million hectares of land, equivalent to 88% of the total land subject to
CARP. The land was distributed to beneficiaries under this administrator, from July 2010 to
December 2013, the administration has distributed a total of 751,514 hectares, or 45% of the total
landholdings to be distributed to the farmer’s beneficiaries left under the administration.
The DAR still needs to acquire 771,796 hectares, while the DENR still needs to acquire 134,857
hectares - a total of 906.652 hectares. The government acquired the landholdings, for private lands
under compulsory acquisition, the DAR will issue Notices of coverage to the original owner of the
landholdings. The notice of coverage (NOC) is a letter informing a landowner that his/her land is
covered by CARP and is subject to acquisition and distribution to the beneficiaries.

A notice of coverage is issued on or before June 30,2014, land distribution to beneficiaries shall
continue until completion, according to section 30 of CARPER (R.A. NO. 9700). DAR project it will
be distributing 187,686 hectares in 2014; 198,631 hectares in 2015; and 385,478 hectares in 2016. 
And the remaining CARPable landholdings to be distributed 551,275 hectares are considered
workable, while 220,520 hectares are tagged as problematic. The challenges encountered in the course
of acquiring and distributing private lands. In some cases, technical descriptions in the land titles
(which determine the boundaries of the land) were found to be erroneous and had to be corrected. The
smaller parcels of land (5 hectares to 10) were only processed in the last year of implementation of
CARPER (July 1,2013 to June 30,2014). 

The agrarian reform in the Philippines was a very controversial event. The Hacienda Luisita
one of the largest and widest land own by the Coangco Family. There many presidents who are trying
to solve the land reform in our country, however, the poor tenants who take off the land and planted
crops to provide their family needs are still lending money to the owners even if they are more than 2
decades in the land. With the land reform issue, I truly hope that this administration will take action
about this concern, making it more beneficial for the poor farmers and the whole economy of the
Philippines in general.
 CHAPTER 12
THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

     The Philippine Constitution is a basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social
group the determine the power and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people
in it. The fundamental and entrenched rules governing the conduct of an organization or nation state,
and establishing its concept, character, and structure.A set of fundamental principles or established
precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up,
i.e. constitution is that of the United States (1787). The Constitution if India is the longest written
constitution of any sovereign country in the world, containing 444 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules
and 118 amendments, with 146,385 words in its English-language version. On the other hand, the
Constitution of Monaco is the shortest written constitution, containing 10 chapter with 97 articles, and
a total of 3,814 words.The 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, on March 22, 1897 at San Francisco de
Malabo, Cavite where, the first presidential and vice-presidential elections in Philippine History were
held, although the election was only among the katipuneros and not the general population.

     On November 1, 1897 at Biak-na-Bato in the town of San Miguel de Mayumo in

Bulacan, the Republic of Biak-na-Bato was established. The Biak-na-Bato Republic had a constitution
drafted by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer which was based on the Cuban Constitution. The
Constitution was known as the "Constitucion Provisional de la Republica de Filipinas" (Provisional
Constitution of the philippine). It was originally written in the promulgated in the spanish and tagalog
languages. The 1899 Malolos Constitution (1899-1901) on January 20,1899 at Barasoain Church in
Malolos, Bulacan, the Malolos Congress proclaimed, enated and ratified "Constitucion" (Political
Constitution). The Malolos Constitution was the first republican in Asia.It declared that sovereignty
resides exclusively in the people. It states basic civil rights. It separated the church and state. It called
for the creations of Assembly of Representatives to act as the legislative body. It called for a
Parliamentary republic as the form of government. The president was elected for a term of four years
by a majority of the Assembly. The Act of the United States Congress (1902-1934) from December
10,1898 to March 24, 1934, The Philippines was a United States Colony. Hence, the Philippines was
at this period under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government of the United States of America. The
United States Congress passed two (2) acts during this period (Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and
Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916) which can be considered informally as Philippine Constitutions in
as much as that these acts defined the fundamental political principles of the land.

The Philippine Organic Act of 1902, also known as the (Philippine Bill of 1902, was the first
organic law for the Philippine Island enacted by the United States Congress. The Philippine
Autonomy Act 1916, also known as the "Jones Law" modified the structure of the Philippine
government by removing the Philippine Commission as the legislative upper house and replacing it
with a senate elected by Filipino voters, creating the Philippines first fully elected national
legislature. The tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) though not a Constitution itself, the Tydings-McDuffie
Act of 1934 provided authority and defined mechanisms for the establishment of a formal constitution
via a constitutional convention. The 1935 Constitution (1935-1943, 1945-1973), The 1935
Constitution was written in 1934, approved and adopted by the commonwealth of the Philippines
(1935-1946) and later used by the Third Republic (1946-1942).
   

The 1986 Freedom Constitution in (1986-1987) immediately following the 1986 Power
Revolution that ousted certain provision from the 1973 Constitution while abolishing others. The
1987 Constitution in (1987-Present), the Constitutional Commission was composed of fifty members
appointed by Pres. Corazon Aquino from varied backgrounds including several formers members of
the House of Representatives, formers justices of the Supreme Court, a Roman Catholic Bishop, and
political activist against the Marcos regime.
 CHAPTER 14
FILIPINO CULTURAL HERITAGE

In focus: Getting our heritage to survive that age (by August F. Vilalon )
September 16,2003 year 2001 was when heritage conseruaticouists flexed their muscles,
forged further ship with environment lists to law in preserving the nation's cultural beitage.

FILIPINO - AMERICAN RELATIONS

The bells of Bialangina
J.P Laurence
November 12,200
American survivor of the battle of Bialanginaga would Recall the church Bells Ring
Government precise treaties with Muslim, Filipino.
Bangsamoro Bill 7 issues for ptt, MILE to resolve (by Angel Cosavay June 09,2015) the
Government and MILE, sign of peace of framework starting position.

TRANSITION - The MILE sorted to total pod 4 years of transition at the beginning of talks.

FORM OF GOVERNMENT AND POWER SHARING - The patriarchy form of

government was one of the aspect of the prince dear.

CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT - the main reason behind the junking of the MOA -
AO as unconstitutional is the quarantine.

TERRITORY AND THE APT - in prossion the MORO NATIONAL LIBERATION

FRONT (MNLE) identified 13 areas for autonomy for Basilan Lanao Del Norte,Solo,Lanao
Del Norte, Palawan, North Cotabato, Maguidanao and Sultan kudarat
INSTITUTION HISTORY OF SCHOOLS, CORPORATION, INDUSTRIES.

RELIGIOUS GROUP - literacy rate in the Philippines has improved a lot over the last per
years from 70 percent in 190 to 94 percent in 1990. The following important of this issue are
quality affordability budget this issues are quality affordability budget and miswatch.
 CHAPTER 15

LOCAL and ORAL HISTORY

The Local History is often documented by local historical societies or groups that
form to preserve a local historic building or other historic site.
An important aspect of local history is the publication and cataloguing of documents
preserved in local or national records which related to particular areas. The Oral history
consists of spoken memories, stories, and songs, and the study of these, as a way of
communicating and discovering information about the past. Oral History is the collection and
study of historical information about individuals, families, important events, or everyday life
using audiotapes, videotapes, or transcriptions of planned interviews. Oral history also refers
to information gathered in this manner and to a written work (published or unpublished)
based on such data, often preserved in archives and large libraries.

When the late Tip O'Neill, former Speaker of the United States House of
Representatives said that "all politics are local", he essentially was stating that no matter the
political issue, be it budget adjustments or education reform, all politics ultimately comes
back to an individual person. In the end, the result of all political choices are felt in
communities, neighborhoods, and the lives of individual families.

The preservation of the local and oral history can be great aspect especially to the new
sprouted generation. Thus preserving its using modern technology is easy access and surely
secure, giving importance to the value if history, the fact that no one can bring back the time
and the events that already happened. Putting information in library and museum will surely
preserve the greatest value of our past.

CHAPTER 16
 Museum is an institution that takes care and conserves a collection of artifacts and
other objects of artistic, cultural, historical or scientific importance.
The nation of the Philippines is a government institution and serves. As an educational
scientific and cultural institution in preserving the various permanent nation collections
featuring the ethnographic anthological, archaeological and visual artistry of the Philippines.
Museums play a crucial role in preserving local culture. With careful documentation and
artifact preservation, a culture can be recorded and remembered regardless of its future. It can
also be shared and understood by those from different cultural backgrounds. Here are a few
of the reasons museums are so essential for cultural preservation.

Firstly, is that they document daily life. Recording everyday life within a culture is
one of the most important pieces of preserving it. With the rate at which cultures are
disappearing, careful preservation of daily life is the only hope a heritage group has for
recovering its culture. Daily life encompasses rituals, religion, foods, art, and any other facets
that make a culture unique. Regardless of what type of museum it is, odds are it has some
cultural artifacts, art, music, or technology displayed.

Another thing is that they educate others on local culture in order for a culture to be
respected and survive globalization, those of the dominant culture must be educated about
minority cultures and their way of life. The best way to do this is through a respectful display
of local culture in a museum. With an educated populace who respects minority cultures,
culture loss suddenly finds itself decreasing. Furthermore, museums are a wonderful place to
take children for both fun and education. They offer hands-on learning with knowledgeable
employees and visual aids to hold any child’s attention and will likely give you other ideas on
how to incorporate hands-on learning into your child’s education once you leave. The earlier
a child is educated on the importance of accepting and embracing diversity, the more likely
they are to become kind, tolerant adults.

Moreover, they display alternative perspectives on history. Many mainstream history

courses and books are biased, focusing on the perspective of the dominant culture and
ignoring the thousands of minority cultures with fascinating history to be told. Museums
display histories, timelines, and perspectives you may have never heard before, potentially
altering the mindsets of people who have simply never been educated outside the mainstream
culture. This differing perspective is something any well-informed person should have. When
viewpoints are only taken from one’s own culture, they find themselves severely limited.

In addition, through museum they connect those of different backgrounds

Two types of people will visit museums in search of information on other cultures: People
with that heritage, and people interested in learning about that heritage who come from a
different background. In general, Museums focused on heritage and culture bring people
together, creating a network of support for different minorities and groups. It is support
networks like these that prevent cultures from disappearing and languages from dying.
 CHAPTER 17

CULTURAL PERFORMANCES AND INDIGENOUS PARTIES VISUAL

ARTS

The Philippines was known for arts and cultural heritage. Through the years of being
colonize, the essence of preserving arts is still relevant and existing. Some of visual arts are
sculpture refers as the art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or abstract
forms, especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster. It’s also known as
the most familiar among Filipinos as an example of sculpture of pacts,Laguna,Taka of Paete
Laguna, Sabi Cula Cooking Mold Carving of Pampanga, Sinhkabanor Bamboo. Art of
Bulacan, Bul-ul of Ifugao and Hagabi of Ifugao. Another thing is architecture refers as the art
or practice of designing and constructing buildings which was a basic form of architecture the
Philippines
 Moreover, another art being done by early Filipinos is pottery which known as one of
the oldest and most widespread of the decorative arts, consisting of objects made of clay and
hardened with heat. The objects made are commonly useful ones, such as vessels for holding
liquids or plates or bowls from which food can be served. Native Filipinos parented pottery
since 500 years ago. Painting and sculpture- were introduced to the Filipinos in the 16th
century when the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines. After that is weaving, it has different
forms, function and materials. The example of weaving
aremalong,maranao,bagobo,pagbuburda of Laguna and batangas,tribal continues of bulaan,
malong tibol and bagobo. In addition, dancing was also known as art in the Philippines and
there are many different types of Filipinos dances caring in influences and regions. traditional
folk dance of the Philippines particular dance might be performed slightly differently from
are region to the next but it remains true its roots. It somehow relates to the tribal music with
it ringed instrument and to western music as well, is the Rondalla and vat ire storing band.

In general, visual arts in the Philippines is very important the fact that is show the
cultural richness in our country by expressing the archipelago in all its diversity. Filipino
artists have helped to shape a sense of national identity. is important because it shows our
very own culture tradition and art.

CHAPTER 18

Fiesta & festival Rites & Ritual the Philippines around with fiesta. Most fiesta and
festivals in the Philippines have their roots in Christianity dating back to Spanish colonial
period where various towns and provinces had each a patron saint assigned. Fiesta and
festival in the Philippines are either religious, cultural, or both by Italy masses procession
Pradesh culture and rituals, trade fairs exhibit concert pageant and various games and content.
Before the coming of the Spaniards, Filipinos practiced animism, or the worship of spirits,
which involved performing ceremonies intended to appease malevolent spirits. These spirits
are believed to control parts of human life, such as health, wealth, family, and subsistence.

Today, the Philippines is the only predominantly Christian country in all of Asia. The
practices taught by the Spanish clergy have merged well with indigenous ritual practices and
carried over to this day. Philippine festivals are celebrations to express gratitude for a good
harvest in honor of the town’s patron saint. Filipinos, especially those living in provincial
areas, go all out to celebrate these festivities to guarantee comfort in the coming year,
believing that the bigger they spend, the more returns they will obtain. For many Filipinos,
fiestas are important because of the miraculous power of the saints. It is believed that the
saints are responsible for all the good fortune and favor one receives. More than that, it is also
during this time that the locals get to celebrate their culture and traditions that are passed on
to the next generation. Fiestas reflect Filipino religion and faith, which are the most essential
part of society. Nowadays, however, a distinguishing cultural aspect that is unique to the
community is preferred as a central subject for many celebrations.

In addition, the Filipinos are mostly religious people, no matter what beliefs we hold
and religious affiliations we have. The church and our faith have always been our pillars of
strength and highly regarded by the people for support or guidance. Festivals are reminders of
our past; it gives us a glimpse of our rich cultural heritage and at the same time connects us to
our families and loved ones. In general, fiestas are important events because they merge and
nurture culture, history, family relationships and camaraderie, and also introduce us to new
acquaintances. We pray that the tradition of celebrating fiestas in honor of our patron saints
will not be relegated to an urban legend in the future.