ED 03 Prelim Module PDF
ED 03 Prelim Module PDF
ED 03 Prelim Module PDF
TEACHING
Module 1: Metacognition
Introduction 1
Intended Learning Outcomes 1
Lesson 1. Metacognition 1
Lesson 2. Metacognitive Teaching Strategies to Facilitate Learning 2
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Course Code: Ed 03
Course Description:
This course explores the fundamental principles processes and practices
anchored on learner-centeredness and other educational psychologies as
these apply to facilitate various teaching-learning delivery modes to enhance
learning.
Course Requirements:
Assessment Tasks - 60%
Major Exams - 40%
_________
Periodic Grade 100%
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MODULE 1
METACOGNITION
Introduction
“If you teach a person what to learn, you are preparing that
person for the past. If you teach a person how to learn, you
are preparing that person for the future.”
- Cyril Houle
The most important goal of education is to teach students how to learn on their own. They
need to acquire the skills of how to learn not only while they are in school but up to the time
when they leave the portals of their alma mater. When there are no longer teachers around
these skills must serve as their guide for the lifetime. This entails a deeper awareness of how
one processes information, the ability to evaluate his own thinking and to think of ways to
make his own learning process more effective. All these involve metacognition. This module
will give you an experience of metacognition and how to start utilizing strategies in your quest
for learning.
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B. CATEGORIES
1. PERSON VARIABLE
a. knowledge of one’s own learning processes.
When is his best time to study…early in the morning or late at night?
Do you work better if you are alone or when you are with a group?
2. TASK VARIABLE
a. knowledge of the nature of the task
What is needed to be accomplished?
What could be the difficulties to be met in accomplishing it?
b. knowledge of the type of process the task demands
3. STRATEGY VARIABLE
a. awareness of the strategy you will use to learn the topic
b. evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy is it working ornot?
META – ATTENTION---is the awareness of specific strategies so that you can keep
attention focused on the topic or task on hand.
META – MEMORY ---is your awareness of memory strategies that work best for
you
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Q QUESTION The learner is given questions. Or
He may be asked to think of questions about what he will
soon learn.
L LISTEN The learner intentionally exerts effort to listen.
If detracted, he goes back to listen again.
R REMEMBER The learner uses ways to remember what was learned.
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Assessment Task 1
1. Answer the Study Habits Questionnaire
2. Construct a table showing the scores in the Study Habits Questionnaire
3. Answer the following questions
a. What did you consider about yourself using this questionnaire?
b. What aspects are you strong in?
c. What aspects do you need to improve in?
4. Explain metacognition in your own words.
5. Write your plan and the strategy you are going to use to learn more effectively.
Put a check in the column that best describes what is true to you.
10=Always 5=Sometimes 0= Never
Part 1
10 5 0
1. I exert effort to find out why I need to do a certain task.
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Part 2
10 5 0
1. I make a weekly timetable forthe school work I need to accomplish.
2. I make a review schedule for examinations.
3. I plan to get the necessary resources and equipment prior to starting
work.
4. I submit all my assignments on time.
5. I have a place to work where I will not be disturbed.
6. I have time for family commitments and relaxation as well as studying.
7 I prioritize tasks which should be done first, and second and so on.
8. I make lists of things to do.
9. I make a list of valuable references with bibliographic details, page
numbers of quotes and so on.
10. I review my work before submitting it.
Part 3
10 5 0
1. I discuss work assignments with other students.
2. I share resources with other students.
3. I keep cuttings from newspapers and magazines which may be of help
to me.
4. I make sure I see TV programs which may be useful.
5. I read the topic assigned before a session.
6. I ask questions and generally take part in group discussions.
7. I listen out for key ideas when someone is talking.
8. When I am listening to someone, I try to anticipate what they will say
next.
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Part 4
10 5 0
1. I see to it that I understand what is really being asked for in the
assignment/project.
2. I read other references and read about the topic.
3. I make an outline/plan before doing my assignment /project.
4. I check for spelling mistakes.
5. My essays have clear introductions.
6. My essays have a conclusion.
7. I frequently check back to the title during the writing of an essay.
8. My essay/research paper has a full set of references and a
bibliography.
9. I review project/assignment before submitting it.
Part 5
10 5 0
1. My notes indicate the main ideas, rather than merely repeat what has
been said.
2. I listen for key ideas when listening to a speaker.
3. I approach tutors for help.
4. I file or organize my notes regularly.
5. I re write my notes under key ideas, headings, using numbering or
lettering schemes.
6. I have a shorthand technique of my own.
7. I underline or highlight key ideas so they stand out.
8. I decide before reading a book whether it is vital or background
reading.
9. I go over a book before diving into chapter one.
10. I check the contents page for relevance.
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11. I look for summaries at the end of the chapters.
Part 6 Always =0 Sometimes = 5 Never = 10
0 5 10
1. I get so worried about assignments that they make me feel ill.
2. This worry about assignments make me feel depressed.
3. I feel miserable about doing assignments.
4. I let this concerns about the work get on top of me.
5. When I need to work, others always succeed in persuading me to go
out.
6. I have difficulty in talking to others about my worries.
7. I ignore my personal fitness through worrying about assignments.
8. The stress of assignments causes me to get behind and I never seem
to catch up.
Part 1 Motivation
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INTERPRETATIONS
Part 1- Motivation Feedback
scores from 55-80-means - you do not appear to have many problems in
getting down to work.
35-50 - you sometimes get down to work but you can be
distracted, you might not always be certain why you
have to work.
30 and below - you really do have problems in getting down to
work. Unless you develop skills in this area you are
likely to have many unsatisfactory experiences as a
student. Take action.
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available, find out where they are and what they
have to offer. Take action.
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Part 6 Managing School Work Stress
Scores from 65 -80 means - although you sometimes get stressed and worried
you have the skills of knowing how to minimize
problems and look after yourself.
40-60 - you handle your anxieties and concerns
moderately well but could develop skills to manage
them more effectively
35 and under - you are likely to get overwhelmed with your
problems which will make you much less effective
as a student. You need to acquire the skills of
Managing stress more effectively. Take action.
Summary
What you just did while answering the questionnaire and analyzing your scores is
an exercise in metacognition? You focused and pondered on how you study and learn.
You realized both your strengths and weaknesses. Then you were asked about your
plans on what you can do to improve your study habits.
Hopefully, this will help you start to learn more effectively.
References
Lucas, M., & Corpuz, B. (2014). Facilitating learning: A metacognitive process (4th ed.).
Quezon City, Philippines: Lorimar Publishing.
https://www. learning-theories.com/metacognition-flavell.html
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MODULE 2
Introduction
YOU, the learner, are the center of instruction. The world of instruction revolves around
you. The principles in the module focus on psychological factors that are primarily internal
and under the control of the learner rather than conditioned habits or physiological factors.
However, the principles also attempt to acknowledge external environment.
The principles are intended to deal holistically with learners in the context of real – world
learning situations. The principles are intended to apply to all learners---from children to
teachers, to administrators, to parents and to community members involved in our educational
system.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the module the student will be able to:
1. Apply learner centered psychological principles to the concepts that he will
learn in the teaching-learning process; and
2. Recommend ways to advocate the use of the learner centered psychological
principles in the teaching-learning process.
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2. Goals of the learning process
The successful learner, over time and with support and instructional guidance, can
create meaningful, coherent representations of knowledge.
3. Construction of Knowledge
The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in meaningful
ways.
4. Strategic Thinking
The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking and reasoning
strategies to achieve complex learning goals.
6. Context of Learning
Learning is influenced by environmental factors, including culture, technology and
instructional practices.
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3. Effects of Motivation and Effort
Acquisition of complex knowledge and skills requires extended learner effort and
guided practice. Without learner’s motivation to learn, willingness to exert this effort is
unlikely without coercion.
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Assessment Task 2
1. Draw an advance organizer showing the 14 learner-centered psychological principles.
2. List down ways how you will advocate the use of the 14 principles.
3. From this module, I realized that _____________________________.
Summary
The 14 learner-centered principles can also be summarized into 5 areas. The
knowledge previously learned by a person serves as the foundation of all new
experiences. Learners can develop skills to reflect and regulate their thoughts and
behaviors in order to learn more effectively (metacognition). The personal goals, wanting
to learn and the learners’ motivation have crucial role in the learning process.
Learning is a unique journey for each learner because of different genetic and
environmental factors that affect him. Learning happens in the context of a society as well
as within an individual.
References
Lucas, M., & Corpuz, B. (2014). Facilitating learning: A metacognitive process (4th ed.).
Quezon City, Philippines: Lorimar Publishing.
https://www. learning-theories.com/metacognition-flavell.html
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MODULE 3
Introduction
“The principal goal of education is to create men who are
capable of doing NEW THINGS, not simply repeating what
other generations have done -- Men who are creative, inventive
and discovers.”
Jean Piaget
The educational trend brought out by a number of ground-breaking researches tells that
one can be an effective facilitator of learning if one has a good working knowledge of the
learner’s development.
Previously in your Child and Adolescent Development course, we discussed fundamental
theories related to the learners’ development. Let us now review these theories and
relate/connect them to learning.
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Lesson 1. Freud (Mannoni, 2015)
“The mind is like an iceberg; it floats with one seventh of its bulk above water.”
He believed that much of the person is really about is not what we see in the outside
and what is conscious, but what is hidden in the subconscious.
He emphasized the components that make up personality.
1. id
2.ego
3. superego
He believed that an individual goes through 5 psychosexual
Stages of development.
1. oral
2. anal
3. phallic
4. latency
5. genital
Lesson 2. Erickson
“Healthy children will not fear life if their elders have integrity enough not to fear death.”
( Erickson, 1963 cited in Engler, 2014 p.142)
He presented a very comprehensive framework of eight psycho social stages of
development.
He described the crisis (expressed in opposite polarities) that a person goes through,
the maladaptations and malignancies that result from failure to effectively resolve the
crisis.
He also stated that a virtue emerges when balance and resolution of the crisis is
attained.
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1. sensory motor
2. pre-operational
3. concrete-operational
4. formal – operational stages
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2. mesosystem
3. exosystem
4. macrosystem
5. chronosystem
Assessment Task 3
1. Which among the different theories you believe will truly fit the teaching-learning process?
Why? Defend your answer.
2. State a teaching-learning situation. Choose a theory. How will you apply this to the
teaching-learning situation?
Summary
Review of the different theories has brought about a deeper understanding of
human development. If a teacher can make use of all these theories, connecting them
to learning, he will be an effective facilitator.
References
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979).The ecology of human development. : Harvard University
Press.Cambridge, MA
Colby, Anne; Gibbs, J.; Lieberman, M.; Kohlberg, L. (1983). A Longitudinal Study of
Moral Judgment: A Monograph for the Society of Research in Child
Development. The University of Chicago Press.Chicago, IL:
Erikson, Erik H. (1963). Childhood and Society (2nd ed.). W. W. Norton &
Company.New York: Cited in Engler 2014, p. 142.
Instructional Design.Org (2018) Social Development Theory.
Retrieved from https://www.instructional design,org
Mannoni,& Octave (2015)Freud: The Theory of the Unconscious. Verso London pp. 49–
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Santrock, John W. (2004). Life-Span Development (9th Ed.). McGraw-Hill Co.Boston,
MA.
.
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