Pressure: Unit 2

Pressure
Unit 2
 Pressure
 Liquid Pressure
 Upthrust
 Density and relative density
 Pascal’s Law
 Archimedes’ Law
 Law of floatation
Pressure
The force acting per unit area normally
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
Pressure =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
SI unit = N/m2
= Pascal
Pressure exerted by the liquid is called liquid pressure.
Prove the P = dgh.
Let us suppose,
Density of liquid = d
Height of liquid = h
Acceleration due to gravity = g
Cross section area of vessel = A
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝐹)
We know, Pressure =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎(𝐴)
𝑚𝑥𝑔
= (Force = m x g)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑑𝑥𝑉𝑥𝑔
= (Mass = d x V)
𝐴
𝑑𝑥𝐴𝑥ℎ𝑥𝑔
= (Volume = A x h)
𝐴
= dgh
⸫ P = dgh Proved.
Differences
Density Relative Density
1. Density of a substance is defined 1. Relative density of a substance is defined as
mass of substance per unit volume. ratio of density of substance to the density of
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 water at 4 oC
2. Density =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
3. Its SI unit is kg/m3 2. Relative density = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 4°C
3. It has no unit.
Upthrust Pressure
1. When an object is wholly or partially 1. The force acting per unit area normally is called pressure.
immersed in the liquid, the net resultant for
exerted by the liquid is called Upthrust. 2. Pressure =
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝐹)
2. Upthrust = dgV 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎(𝐴)
3. Its SI unit is Pascal
3. Its SI unit is Newton
4. It is scalar quantity
4. It is vector quantity
Laws Pascal’s Law
Liquid pressure is transmitted equally and
normally in all direction in an enclosed vessel.
Archimedes Principle
When an object is wholly and partially
immersed in the liquid, Upthrust experienced by
the object is equal to the weight of displaced
liquid.
Law of Floatation
Weight of floating object is equal to
weight of displaced liquid.
Pressure and Liquid Pressure
1. What is pressure?
2. What are the factors affecting pressure
3. Define one pascal.
4. What is liquid pressure?
5. What are the factors affecting liquid pressure?
6. Give reasons:
a. The walls of dam are made thick and strong at the bottom than on upper part.
b. Deep sea divers wear special protective suits.
c. The bucket of water is filled faster from the tab at ground floor than from the tab at upper
floor.
d. It is dangerous to have a hole on bottom of boat than on upper part.
e. Water tanks are kept on the roof of house.
7. A drum of glycerol is taken from Butwal to Kathmandu, what will be the change is pressure
exerted by glycerol on the bottom of drum? Give reason to your answer
8. Liquid pressure does not depend upon shape and size of vessel, why?
9. Write five laws of liquid pressure.
Pascal’s law and upthrust
10. State pascal’s law.
11. Write any three application of pascal’s law.
12. What is hydraulic machine?
13. What is the working principle of hydraulic brakes?
14. Write two properties of liquid used in hydraulic machines.
15. What is function of liquid used in hydraulic machines to multiply the force?
16. Define Upthrust. Write its SI unit
17. What are the factors affecting Upthrust.
18. Give reasons
a. An egg sinks in pure water but floats on concentrated solution of salt and water.
b. It is easy to swim in sea than in water.
c. The haul of ship sinks more as it moves from sea to river.
d. It is easy to lift a bucket of water from well when it is inside the water than when
it is outside the water.
e. An object loses its weight when it is immersed in the liquid.
Archidemes’ principle and law of floatation
19. State Archimedes’ principle.
20. Write any two application of Archimedes’ principle.
21. State law of floatation.
22. Write any two conditions of floatation of objects in liquid.
23. “All the objects with density less than that of liquid floats on liquid”, is this statement true?
Give reason to your answer with example.
24. Give reasons
i. An iron nail sinks in water but a huge ship made of iron floats on it.
ii. An iron nail sinks on water but floats on mercury.
iii. The haul of ship sinks more when cargo is loaded to the ship.
iv. A ship rises up when cargo is unloaded from the ship.
25. What is hydrometer?
26. What is the working principle of hydrometer?
27. What will be the reading of hydrometer when it is immersed in pure water?
Diagrammatic questions
Study the given diagrams and answer the following questions
1. a. When the piston A is pushed inside of the spherical body the what happens to the
piston B, C, and D? why?
b. Which law is explained by this experiment?
2. If the area of piston A is 0.05 m2 and that of B is 0.1 m2. What is the force
produced on B when 20 N force is applied on piston A?
3. In which law does the equipment given in the figure work? Give a name of
equipment, which works on this law and one use.
4. If the cross sectional area of of narrow cylinder is 40 cm2 and

wider cylinder is 4 m2, what load is necessary on the
piston B to balance 600 N load kept on piston A?
5. If the pistons A, B and C of apparatus given in the diagram are supposed
to be friction less, what is the area of piston B? what force is
exerted on piston C?
6. a. Name the equipment given in the diagram and write one use of it.
b. On which principle does it work?
c. Calculate the pressure on piston A and B.
d. Calculate the maximum load that can be lifted on the piston B
if 4 N force is applied on piston A.
7. The given figure shows a syringe with pistons at two ends.

Using Pascal’s law, show that even if piston A is pushed
In with a large force, piston B experiences only small forces
8. Which law of liquid can be explained with the experiment in
the diagram? What will happen to the test tube if some amount
of salt is dissolved in the water of can? Explain.
9. a. what is the actual and apparent weight of the substance?

b. What is the Upthrust acting on the body?
c. What is the weight of displaced water?
d. Name the instruments A, B and C.
10.
a. On which principle is the experiment based?

b. what is the weight of stone in air?
11. If a small stone is weight first in air (A) and then in water (B) as shown in
diagram. In which condition (A or B) will have the greater weight, why?
Which law is verified by this experiment? What difference will be observed
if Eureka can is filled with Salt solution instead of fresh water?
12. a. What is the weight of stone in air?

b. How much Upthrust is exerted by the water on that stone?
c. What is the mass of stone?
13.
a. what is the mass and weight of the stone in air?

b. How much Upthrust is exerted by the water on that stone?
8N
14. The weight of stone in air is 50 N and it displaces 5 N of water. What
will be the Upthrust of water on the stone?
15. A hydrometer is put into fresh water and then into salty water.
which one is fresh water A or B/ Justify your answer.
16.
a. In the given figure A or B, which one A or B is pure water,Why?

b. why does an egg sinks in the liquid A?
c. which gives more Upthrust on egg liquid A or B?
d. why does an egg floats in the liquid B?
17. Three objects with different densities A, B and C are in water
as shown in figure. Answer the following questions
a. Which object has higher density than water?
b. If the mass of object a is 1 kg, how much kg of water is
displaced by the object?
c. Which law is applicable for this experiment?
d. If the volumes of object B and C are equal, which is experience more
Upthrust among B and C? Justify your answer.
18. The different weights of piece of stone on weighing in three different

media – air, pure water and sea water are shown in given table. Medium Weight
a. Which are media A, B and C?
A 15 N
b. If the weight of 1 kg mass is 10 N. find the mass of stone in air.
c. Find out the mass of pure water displaced by it. B 18 N
d. What Upthrust is exerted by the sea water? C 16 N
19. Name the instrument given in the figure.

In which principle does it works?
Thank you

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Pressure

4. If the cross sectional area of of narrow cylinder is 40 cm2 and

7. The given figure shows a syringe with pistons at two ends.

9. a. what is the actual and apparent weight of the substance?

a. On which principle is the experiment based?

12. a. What is the weight of stone in air?

a. what is the mass and weight of the stone in air?

a. In the given figure A or B, which one A or B is pure water,Why?

18. The different weights of piece of stone on weighing in three different

19. Name the instrument given in the figure.

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