1 FUNCTIONS

1.0 RELATIONS

Notes :
(i) Four types of relations : one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many.
(ii) Three ways to represent relations : arrowed diagram, set of ordered pairs and graph.
(iii) The arrow diagram representation is of the form below :

P :Domain Q : Codomain A : Domain B : Codomain

P Q A B
_4

1_
_5
a
• •b 3
_
6

Set { 4, 6 } is the RANGE

for the mapping from A to B
a is the b is the
object image
The relation from A into B
above can also be written as set
In the above relation,
of ordered pairs
b is the imej of a ;
{(1, 4), (3, 6) }
a is the object of b.
4 is the image of 1 ;
The Object of 6 is 3.

(iv) Set of ordered pairs of a relation takes the form of { (a , b), (c , d), ….. }

EXAMPLE QUESTION
1. 1.
P = { 1, 2, 3} P = { 2, 4, 6}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 7, 10} Q = {2, 3, 6, 7, 10}

A relation from P into Q is defined by the set of A relation from P into Q is defined by the set of ordered
ordered pairs pairs
{ (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 7) }. { (2, 2), (4, 2), (6, 7) }.

State State
(a) the image of 1, Ans: 4 and 6 (a) the image of 4, Ans:
(b) the object of 4, Ans: 1 (b) the objects of 2, Ans:
(c) the domain, Ans: { 1, 2, 3 } (c) the domain, Ans:
(d) the codomain, Ans: {2,4,6,7,10} (d) the codomain, Ans:
(e) the range, Ans: { 4, 6, 7 } (e) the range, Ans:
(f) the type of relation Ans: many-to-many (f) the type of relation Ans:

Functions 1
1.1 FUNCTION NOTATIONS
Notes:
(i) A function is usually represented using letters in its lower case : f , g , h …..
(ii) Given the function f : x  2 x  1 , we usually write it in the form f(x) = 2x + 1 before answering
any question.

1.2 FINDING THE VALUE OF FUNCTIONS [Mastery Exercise]

f (a) represent (a) the value of f(x) when x = a .
(b) the image of f when the object is a

EXAMPLE QUESTION
1. Given the function f : x  2 x 1 , 1. Given the function f : x  2 x  3 ,
find (i) f (3) (ii) f (-4) find (i) f (2) (ii) f (-1)
Answer : f(x) = 2 x + 1 Answer : f(x) = 2 x + 3
(i) f ( 3 ) = 2 (3 ) + 1 (i) f(3) = 2( ) + 3
= 6+1 =
= 7 =
(ii) f (-2 ) = 2 (-2) + 1 (ii) f(-1) = 2 ( ) + 3
= -4+1 =
= -3 =
2. Given the function g : x  x 2  3 , find 2. Given the function g : x  x 2  5 , find
(i) g(0) (ii) g(4) (i) g(0) (ii) g(2)

Answer : g (x) = x2 - 3 Answer : g (x) = x2 - 5

(i) g ( 0 ) = 02 - 3 (i) g ( 0 ) =
= 0 - 3 =
= -3 =

(ii) g (4) = 42 - 3 (ii) g (2) =

= 16 – 3 =
= 13 =
6 9 3
3. Given the function h : x  3 x  4 , 3. Given the function h : x  2 x  3 , x  ,
2
4 find h(3).
x ,
3
Jawapan: h ( x) 
find h (2).
6
Jawapan : h ( x) 
3x  4
h(3) =
6
h(2) = 3( 2)  4

6
=
2
= 3
1.2 FINDING THE VALUE OF FUNCTIONS [Reinforcement Exercises]

Functions 2
 QUESTION ANSWER
1. Given the function f : x  3x  1 , find
1. f ( x ) = 3x + 1

(a) f (0) (a) f ( 0 ) = 3 ( 0 ) + 1

=
(b) f (3)

(c) f(-2)

(d) f(4)

(e) f(-3)

2 . Given the function g : x  x 2  3 x , find

2. g(x) = x2 - 3x

(a) g (0) (a) g (0) =

(b) g (2)

(c) g (4)

(d) g (-3)

(e) g (-1)

6
3. Given the function h : x  3  4 x , find

(a) h (0)

(b) h (1)

1
(c) h ( )
2

(d) h(-3)

1
(e) h ( )
4

1.3 PROBLEM OF FUNCTIONS INVOLVING SIMPLE EQUATIONS. [1]

Note : Questions on functions usually involve solving linear / quadratic equations.

Functions 3
 EXAMPLE QUESTION
1. Given that f : x  2 x 1 , find the value 1. Given that f : x  4x  3 , find the value of x if
of x f(x) = 17.
if f(x) = 5. Answer : f (x) = 4 x – 3
Answer : f (x) = 2 x – 1 4 x – 3 = 17
2x–1 = 5 4x =
2x = 6  x =
 x = 3

2. Given that f : x  5 x  3 , find the value of 2. Given that f : x  3x  7 , find the value of x if
x f(x) = 4.
if f(x) = -7. Answer :
Answer : f (x) = 5 x + 3
5 x + 3 = -7
5x = - 10
 x = -2

3. Given that g : x  x  2 , find the value of y 3. Given that g : x  3 x  2 , find the value of y if
if g(y) = 2y - 3 g(y) = 2y + 4.
Answer : g(x) = x + 2 Answer :
g(y) = y + 2
y+2 = 2y–3
3+2 = 2y-y
y = 5

4. Given that f : x  7 x  3 , 4. Given that f : x  2 x 10 , g : x  4 x  2 ,

g : x  4 x  15 , find the value of x if f(x) = g(x).
find the value of p if f(p) = g(p).

Answer : f(x) = 7x – 3, g(x) = 4x + 15

f(p) = 7p – 3, g(p) = 4p + 15
f(p) = g(p)
7p – 3 = 4p + 15
3p = 18
p = 6

Functions 4
PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONS INVOLVING SIMPLE EQUATIONS. [2]

EXAMPLE QUESTION
5. Given that f : x  2 x 10 , 5. Given f : x  3x  9 , g : x  x  7 , find
g : x  x 7 , the
find the value of x if f(x) =  2 g(x) value of x if f(x) =  3 g(x).

A: f(x) = 2x - 10 , g(x) = x – 7
2x – 10 = - 2 (x – 7)
2x - 10 = - 2x + 14
4x = 24
x = 6

6. Given that f : x  3x  4 , find the values 6. Given that f : x  2 x  8 , find the values of x
of x if f (x) = x2. if
A: f(x) = 3x + 4 f (x) = x2.
x2 = 3x + 4
x2 - 3x – 4 = 0
(x + 1) (x – 4) = 0
x = -1 or x = 4

7. Given that g : x  3x 2  6 , find the values 7. Given that g : x  2 x 2  5 , find the values of y
of if
y if g (y) = 6 . g (y) = 45 .
A: g(x) = 3x2 – 6
g(y) = 3y2 - 6
3y2 - 6 = 6
3y2 – 12 = 0
(÷3) : y2 – 4 = 0
(y + 2) (y – 2) = 0
y = -2 or y = 2

8. Given that g : x  3x 2  6 , find the values 8. Given that g : x  2 x 2  3 , find the values of p
if
of
g(p) = - 5p .
p if g (p) = 7p.
A: g(x) = 3x2 – 6
g(p) = 3p2 - 6
3p2 - 6 = 7p
3p2 – 7p - 6 = 0
(3p+2) (p – 3) = 0

Functions 5
 2
p=  atau p=3 .
3

PROBLEM OF FUNCTIONS INVOLVING SIMPLE EQUATIONS [Reinforcement Exercises]

QUESTION ANSWER
1. Given the functions f : x  2 x  5 and 1. f(x) = 2x – 5 , g(x) = x + 2
g : x  x2 , find
(a) f(x) = 7
(a) the value of x if f(x) = 7 2x – 5 = 7
2x =
(b) the value of y if g(y) = 2y - 3
x =
(c) the value of p if f(p) = g(p)
(d) the value of x if f(x) = – g(x)

2. Given the functions f : x  3x  4 and 2. f (x) = , g(x) =

g : x  2x , find
(a) f (p) = -5
(a) the value of p if f(p) = -5 3p + 4 = -5
(b) the value of k if g(k) = 3k - 4
(c) the value of x if 2 f(x) = g(x)
(d) the values of y jika f(y) = y2

3. Given the function f : x  3x 2  12 , 3. f (x) =

(a) evaluate f 2 (-2). (a) f 2(-2) = f f(-2) f(-2) = 3(-2)2 –
12
(b) solve the equation f(x) = 0. = f( ) =

(c) find the values of p if f(p) = 3p + 6. =

4. Given the functions f : x  x 2 and 4. f (x) = , g(x) =

g : x  12  4 x , find
(a) the image of 3 that is mapped by f .
(b) the values of x if f(x) = x,
(c) the values of y if f(y) = g(y).

Functions 6
1.4 FINDING THE VALUE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [Mastery Exercises]
Notes : To find the value of fg(a) given the functions f and g, we can first find fg(x) and then
substitute x = a.
We can also follow the EXAMPLES below.
EXAMPLE 1 : EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that f : x  3 x  4 and g : x  2 x , Given that f : x  3  2 x and g : x  x 2 , find
find fg(3). gf(4).
Answer : f(x) = 3x - 4 , g(x) = 2x
g(3) = 2(3) Answer : f(x) = 3 – 2x , g(x) = x2.
= 6 f(4) = 3 – 2(4)
fg(3) = f [ g(3) ] = 3–8
= f ( 6) = -5
= 3 (6) - 4 gf(4) = g (-5)
= 14 = (-5)2
= 25
EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x  2 x  1 and 2. Given that f : x  2 x  9 and g : x  1  3 x
g : x  3x , ,
find f g(1) . find gf(3).

3. Given the functions f : x  x  3 and 4. Given the functions f : x  3 x  7 and

g : x  4x  1 , find g : x  4  2x , find
(a) f g(1) (b) gf(1) (a) f g(0) (b) gf(0)

Functions 7
FINDING THE VALUE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [Reinforcement Exercises]
1. Given that f : x  2 x  3 and 2. Given that f : x  2 x  5 and g : x  5 x ,
g : x  4x , find
find fg(2) . gf(7) .

3. Given that f : x  x  4 and 4. Given that f : x  3x  4 and g : x  5  2 x

g : x  2x  1 , ,
find find
(a) fg(1) (b) gf(1) (a) fg(0) (b) gf(0)

5 Given the functions f : x  3 x 2 1 and 6 Given that f : x  3 x and g : x  2  x 2 ,

g : x  2  x , find find
(a) fg(-1) (b) gf(-1) (a) fg(-2) (b) gf(-2)

7. Given the functions f : x  x  2 and 8. Given the functions f : x  2  x and

g : x  2  3 x  x2 , find g : x  1  4 x  3x 2 , find
(a) fg(1) (b) gf(1) (a) fg(-1) (b) gf(-1)

Functions 8
1.5 FINDING THE VALUE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS f 2 , g 2
Notes : f 2(a) = ff (a) = f [ f (a) ]
EXAMPLE 1 : EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that f : x  3x  2 , find f 2(2). Given that g : x  3  4 x , evaluate gg(1).
Answer : f(x) = 3x - 2 Answer : g(x) = 3 – 4x
f(2) = 3(2) – 2 = 4 g(1) = 3 – 4(1) = -1
f2(2) = f [ f(2) ] gg(1) = g [g(1)]
= f ( 4) = g ( -1)
= 3 (4) – 2 = 3 – 4 (-1)
= 10 = 3+4
= 7

EXERCISES

1. Given that f : x  2 x  3 , find f 2(2) . 2. Given that g : x  x  5 , evaluate gg(3) .

3. Given that g : x  2 x  1 , evaluate g 4. Given that f : x  3x  4 , find ff(0) .

2
(3).

5. Given that g : x  2  5 x , find g 2(1). 6. Given that f : x  3 x 2  1 , find ff(1) .

7. Given that g : x  4 x , evaluate gg(-2). 8. Diberi f : x  2 x 2  4 x  3 . Nilaikan f 2(0) .

1.6 BASIC EXERCISES BEFORE FINDING THE COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [ 1 ]

Functions 9
EXAMPLE 1 : EXAMPLE 2 :
Given f : x  3x  1 , Given g : x  5  4x , .
f(x) = 3x + 1 g(x) = 5 – 4x
thus (a) f(2) = 3(2) + 1 thus (a) g(2) = 5 – 4(2) = 5 – 8 = -3
= 7 (b) g(a) = 5 – 4a
(b) f(a) = 3a+1 (c) g(p) = 5 – 4p
(c) f(p) =3p+1 (d) g(3k) = 5 – 4(3k) = 5 – 12 k
(d) f(2k) = 3 (2k) + 1 = 6k + 1 (e) g(x2) = 5 – 4x2
(e) f(2x) = 3 (2x) + 1 = 6x + 1 (f) g (3+2x) = 5 – 4 (3+2x)
(f) f(x2) = 3 x2 + 1 = 5 – 12 – 8x
= - 7 – 8x

EXERCISES
1. Given f : x  2x  3 , 2 Given g : x  2  4x .
f(x) = 2x + 3 g(x) =

thus (a) f(2) = 2(2) + 3 =

thus (a) g (2) =

(b) f(a) =
(b) g(a) =

(c) f(p) =
(c) g(s) =

(d) f(2k) =
(d) g(3x) =

(e) f(x2) =
(e) g(x2) =

(f) f(-x2 ) =
(f) g (3+2x) =

(g) f( - 3x) =
(g) g(2 – 4x) =

BASIC EXERCISES BEFORE FINDING THE COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [ 2 ]

1. Given f : x  4  2x , 2 Given g : x   2x  1 .

Functions 10
 f(x) = 4 – 2x g(x) =

thus (a) f(3) = 4 – 2 (3) =

thus (a) g(-1) =
(b) f(-x) =
(b) g(2x) =
(c) f(2+x) =
(c) g(x-2) =

(d) f(3 -x) =

(d) g(-3x) =

(e) f(x2) =
(e) g(x2) =

(f) f(-x2 +2) =

(f) g (1-2x) =

3. Given f : x  1 x , 4 Given g : x  2( x  2) , .
f(x) = g(x) =

thus (a) f(10) = thus (a) g(-1) =

(b) f(3x) = (b) g(2x) =

(c) f(2 - x) = (c) g(x-1) =

(d) f(4+x) = (d) g(-x) =

(e) f(2x- 3) = (e) g(x2) =

(f) f(x2) = (f) g (1+2x) =

1.7 FINDING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

EXAMPLE 1 : EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that f : x  3 x  4 and g : x  2 x , Given that f : x  3  2 x and g : x  x 2 , find
find fg(x). the composite function gf.

Functions 11
Answer : f(x) = 3x - 4 , g(x) = 2x
fg(x) = f [ g(x) ] Answer: f(x) = 3 – 2x , g(x) = x2.
= f ( 2x) gf(x) = g[f(x)]
= 3 (2x) - 4 = g (3 – 2x)
= 6x – 4 = (3- 2x)2
OR OR
fg(x) = f [ g(x) ] gf(x) = g[f(x)]
= 3 [g(x)] - 4 = [f(x)]2
= 3 (2x) – 4 = (3- 2x)2
= 6x-4 thus gf : x  (3  2 x) 2

EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x  2 x  3 and 2. Given that f : x  2 x  5 and g : x  5 x ,
g : x  4x , find
find fg(x) . the composite function gf .

3. Given the functions f : x  x  4 and 4. Given that f : x  3x  4 and g : x  5  2 x

g : x  2x  1 , find ,
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x) find
(b) f g (b) gf

REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES FOR FINDING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

1. Given the functions f : x  3x  2 and 2. Given that f : x  3 x and g : x  2  x 2 ,

g : x  2 2x , find find
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x) the composite functions

Functions 12
 (a) fg (b) gf

3. Given the functions f : x  x  4 and 4. Given that f : x  3  x and

g : x  1 3 x , find g : x  4 x  3 ,
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x) find the composite functions
(a) f g (b) gf

5. Given the functions f : x  x  2 and 6. Given that f : x  2  5 x and g : x  1  x 2 ,

g : x  5  2x , find find the composite function gubahan
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x) (a) fg (b) gf

REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES FOR FINDING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [ f 2 and g2 ]

1. Given that f : x  3x  2 , find f 2(x). 2. Given that f : x  3 x , find the function f 2.
f(x) = 3x + 2
f2(x) = f [f(x)]
= f (3x + 2) or 3f(x) + 2
= 3(3x+2) + 2

Functions 13
 =

3. Given that g : x  1  3 x , find gg(x) 4. Given that g : x   4 x  3 , find the function

g 2.

5. Given that f : x  x  2 , find ff(x) . 6. Given that f : x  2  5 x , find the function f 2.

7. Given that f : x  3  4 x , find f 2(x). 8. Given that f : x  5 x , find the function f 2.

1 2
9. Given that g : x  x , find g 2(x). 10. Given that h : x  , find the function f 2.
2 x2

1.8 INVERSE FUNCTIONS

Notes : 1. Students must be skillful in changing the subject of a formula !

2. If f (x) = y, then x = f –1(y) OR if f –1(x) = y, then x = f(y)

EXAMPLE 1. Given that f(x) = 2x – 3 , find f –1(x).

METHOD 1 METHOD 2
Given f(x) = 2x – 3 , Given f(x) = 2x – 3
then f –1( 2x – 3 ) = x. then f(y) = 2y – 3
f –1 ( y ) = x when y = 2x – 3 f –1 ( 2y – 3 ) = y

Functions 14
 y + 3 = 2x f –1 ( x ) = y when x = 2y – 3
y3 x + 3 = 2y
x =
2 x3
y =
y3 2
f –1(y) =
2 x3
 f –1 (x) =
x3 2
 f –1(x) =
2
Students are advised to master only one of the methods !

DRILLING PRACTICES ON CHANGING SUBJECT OF A FORMULA [ 1 ]

1. If y = 3x – 2 , then x = 2. If y = 4x – 2 , then x =

3x – 2 = y 4x – 2 = y
3x = y+2 4x =
y2 x =
x =
3
3. If y = 3 – 6x , then x = 4. If y = 4 – 5x , then x =

5. If y = 3 + 5x , then x = 6. If y = 10x – 4 , then x =

DRILLING PRACTICES ON CHANGING SUBJECT OF A FORMULA [ 2 ]

2x  5 3x  2
1. If y = , then x = 2. If y = , then x =
4 5

2x  5
= y
4
2x – 5 = 4y
2x =
x =
3. If y = 5 + 6x , then x = 1
4. If y = 4 – x , then x =
2

Functions 15
 3 6. If y = 6x – 9 , then x =
5. If y = 6 + x , then x =
2

1 2
7. If y = , then x = 8. If y = , then x =
3x  2 4x

x 1 2x
9. If y = , then x = 10. If y = , then x =
4x  2 3 x

DETERMINING THE INVERSE FUNCTION FROM A FUNCTION OF THE TYPE

ONE-TO-ONE CORRESPONDENCE
EXAMPLE 1 : 2x  1
EXAMPLE 2 : Given that f : x  , x  2,
2 x
Given that f(x) = 4x – 6 , find f –1(x).
find f –1(x).
Answer : 2x  1
Given f(x) =
2 x
Given f(x) = 4x – 6
2y 1
so f (y) = 4y – 6 so f(y) = 2  y
then f –1( 4y – 6 ) = y.
2y 1
f –1( x ) = y when x = 4y – 6 then f –1( 2  y ) = y

x + 6 = 4y 2y 1
f –1( x ) = y when x = 2  y
x6
y=
4 x(2 - y) = 2y + 1
x6 2x – xy = 2y + 1
 f –1(x) =
4
2x – 1 = 2y + xy
2x – 1 = y(2 + x)
Functions 16
 2x  1
y =
2 x
2x  1
 f –1( x ) = , x  -2.
x2

EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x  4 + 8x , find f –1. 2. Given that g : x  10 – 2x , find g–1.

3. Given that f : x  4 – 3x , find f –1. 4. Given that g : x  15 + 6x , find g –1 .

MASTERY EXERCISES ON FINDING THE INVERSE OF A FUNCTION

1. Given that f : x  10 – 8x , find f –1 . 1

2. Given that g : x  3 – x , find g–1 .
2

3. Given that f : x  5 + 2x , find f –1 . 4. Given that g : x  3 – x , find g–1 .

2x  5 3x  2
5. Given that f(x) = , find f –1 (x). 6. Given that g(x) = , find g–1 (x).
4 6

Functions 17
7. Given that f : x  6x - 15 , find f –1 . 3
8. Given that g : x  3 – x , find g –1 .
4

x2 2x
9. Given that f(x) = , find f –1(x). 10. Given that g(x) = , find g–1 (x).
4x  2 4 x

FINDING THE VALUE OF f–1 (a) WHEN GIVEN f(x)

Example : Given that f : x  2x + 1, find the value of f –1(7).

METHOD 1 METHOD 2
[ Finding f –1 first ] [ Without finding f –1(x) ]
f(x) = 2x + 1 f(x) = 2x + 1
f(y) = 2y + 1 Let f –1(7) = k
f –1(2y + 1) = y
f(k) = 7
f –1(x) = y when x = 2y + 1
x – 1 = 2y 2k + 1 = 7
x 1 2k = 6
y =
2
k = 3
x 1
f –1(x) =  f –1(7) = 3
2
7 1
f –1(7) =
2
= 3
( If you are not asked to find f –1( x ) but only want to have the value of f –1( a ), then use Method 2 )

EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x  x + 2, find the value of 2. Given that g : x  7 – x , find the value of
f –1(3). g–1(2).

Functions 18
3. Given that f : x  7 – 3x , find the value of 4. Given that g : x  5 + 2x , find the value of
f –1(-5). g–1 (5).

5. Given that f : x  3x -2, find the value of 6. Given that g : x  7 – x , find the value of
f –1 (10). g–1(2).

7. Given that f : x  4 + 6x , find the value of 1

8. Given that g : x  – x , find the value of
f –1(-2). 2
g–1(4).

4 3
9. Given that f : x  , find the value of 10. Diberi g : x  , cari nilai g-1(-1).
x3 2 x
f –1 ( -1 ).

Finding the Other Related Component Function when given a Composite Function and One of its
Component Function
TYPE 1 ( Easier Type ) TYPE 2 ( More Challenging Type )
Given the functions f and fg, find the function g. Given the functions f and gf , find the function g .
OR OR
Given the functions g and gf, find the function f. Given the functions g and fg , find the function f .
EXAMPLE :
1. Given the functions f : x  2 x  3 and 2. Given the functions f : x  2 x  5 and
fg : x  6 x  1 , find the function g . g f : x  10 x  25 , find the function g .
Answer : f(x) = 2x + 3 Answer : f(x) = 2x – 5
fg(x) = 6x – 1 gf(x) = 10x – 25
Find g(x) from fg(x) = 6x – 1 Find g(x) from gf(x) = 10x – 25
f [g(x)] = 6x – 1 g [ f(x) ] = 10x – 25
2 g(x) + 3 = 6x – 1 g ( 2x – 5) = 10x – 25
2 g(x) = 6x – 4 g ( 2y – 5) = 10y – 25
 g(x) = 3x - 2 g(x) = 10y – 25 when x = 2y – 5
x + 5 = 2y
x5
y=
2
x5
So : g(x) = 10 ( ) – 25
2
= 5x + 25 – 25

Functions 19
  g(x) = 5x

EXERCISES
1. Given the functions f : x  2 x  2 and 2. Given the functions f : x  2 x  2 and
fg : x  4  6 x , find the function g . g f : x   5  6x , find the function g .
Answer : Answer :

REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES on finding Component Function from Composite Function

( TYPE 1 )

1. Given the functions f : x  2x – 3 and 2. Given the functions g: x  x + 3 and

fg : x 2x + 3, find the function g . gf : x  2x , find the function f .
Answer : Answer :

3. Given the functions f : x  3x + 4 and 4. Given the functions g : x  2x - 1 and

fg : x 6x + 1, find the function g . gf : x 6x + 7 , find the function f .
Answer : Answer :

5. Given the functions f : x  2 – x and 6. Given the functions p : x  2x and

fg : x 2 – 2x , find the function g,. pq : x 4 – 2x , find the function q.
Answer : Answer :

Functions 20
7. Given the functions g : x  2 + 4x and 8. Given the functions f : x  2x + 7 and
gf : x  6 + 4x2, find the function f . fg : x  7 – 4x , find the function g .
Answer : Answer :

9. Given the functions h : x  1 – x and 10. Given the functions h : x  3x + 1 and

hg : x  1 – 3x2, find the function g. hf : x 7 – 9x2 , find the function f .
Answer : Answer :

REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES on finding Component Function from Composite Function

( TYPE 2 )

1. Given the functions f : x  2x - 3 and 2. Given the functions g: x  x + 3 and

gf: x 2x , find the function g,. fg : x  2x + 3 , find the function f.
Answer : Answer :

3. Given the functions f : x  3x + 4 and 4. Given the functions g : x  2x - 1 and

gf : x  6x + 7, find the function g,. fg : x  6x + 1 , find the function f.
Answer : Answer :

5. Given the functions f : x  2 – x and 6. Given the functions g : x  2x and

gf : x 4 – 2x , find the function g,. fg : x 2 – 2x , find the function f.
Answer : Answer :

Functions 21
7. Given the functions f : x  3x and 8. Given the functions f : x  2 + 4x and
gf : x  1 - 3x , find the function g,. gf : x 5 + 16x + 16x2, find the function g,.
Answer : Answer :

QUESTIONS BASED ON SPM FORMAT

1. 2.
P = { 1, 2}
2, 3}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} a• •p
b• •q
Base on the information above, a relation from P into c• •r
Q is defined by the set of ordered pairs •s
{ (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 6), (2, 8) }.
A B
State The above diagram shows the relation between set A
(a) the images of 1, Ans: and set B
(b) the object of 4, Ans: State
(c) the domain, Ans: (a) the images of b, Ans:
(d) the codomain, Ans: (b) the objects of p, Ans:
(e) the range, Ans: (c) the domain, Ans:
(f) the type of relation Ans: (d) the codomain, Ans:
(e) the range, Ans:
(f) the type of relation Ans:
3. Given the functions f : x  2 x  1 and 4. Given the functions g : x  4 x  1 and
g : x  x 2  3 , find h : x  x 2  3 , find
(a) f –1 (5) , (a) g –1 (3) ,
(b) gf (x) . (b) hg (x) .

5. Given the function f : x  2  3 x and 6. Given the functions f : x  2 x  1 and

h : x  x 2  x  2 , find h : x  2  x 2 , find
(a) f –1 (3) , (a) f –1( –1) ,
(b) hf (x) , (b) hf (x) ,

Functions 22
 (c) f2 (x) . (c) f h(x).

1 3 8. Given that f : x  2 x  1 , g : x  4 x and

7. Given that f : x  4 x  m and f : x  nx  , fg : x  ax  b , find the values of a and b .
4
find the values of m and n.

[ m = –3 ; n = 1
] [ a = 8 ; b = –1 ]
4
9. Given that f : x  x  3 , g : x  a  bx 2 and 4
10. Given that g : x  m  3x and g 1 : x  2kx  ,
gf : x  6 x 2  36 x  56 , find the values of a and b . 3
find the values of m and k.

[a=2;b=6] 1
[k= 6 ;m=4]

Functions 23
11. Given that g(x) = mx + n and g2 (x) = 16x – 25 , 1 2x  3
find the values of m and n. 12. Given the inverse function f ( x)  , find
2
(a) the value of f(4),
(b) the value of k if f –1 (2k) = –k – 3 .

25
[ m = 4 , n = –5 ; m = –4 , n = 3 ] [ (a) 11
; (b) k =  1
]
2 2

QUESTIONS BASED ON SPM FORMAT

1. (SPM 06, P2, Q2) 2. Given the function f : x  2 x  1 and

Given the function f : x  3 x  2 and x
x g:x  2 , find
g : x   1 , find 3
5 (a) f –1 (x) ,
–1
(a) f (x) , (b) f – 1 g(x) ,
(b) f – 1 g(x) , (c) h(x) such that hg(x) = 6x – 3 .
(c) h(x) such that hg(x) = 2x + 6 .

x2 x  15 x 1 1 1
(a) 3
(b) (c) 10x – 4 (a) 2
(b) 6
x
2
(c) 18x + 9
10
3. (SPM 06, P1, Q2) p  3x
mx 4. Diagram 3 shows the function g : x  ,
Diagram 2 shows the function h : x  , x2
x x  2 , where p is a constant.
x  0 , where m is a constant.
mx
x h x
g p  3x
x
x2
8 7
Functions 1 24
 5
2
 Diagram 3
Diagram 2
Find the value of p.
Find the value of m.

m=4 p=4

Functions 25