IEC 61850: Sampled Values,

Publishing and Subscription

IEC 61850 Seminar

Dr. Alexander Apostolov

K02 03 20060309 Page: 1

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 Introduction

• IEC 61850 allows the development of a

new generation of distributed
applications
• Distributed analogue values
applications are analysed in this
presentation
• Devices conforming with the new
communications standard are available
from multiple vendors

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Optical CT Interface

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Analog Signal Processing in IED

Analog Function Rela

Input Module Input
Module Module

Opto
Input Multifunction
Module
ISD

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Analog Signal Processing
Function
Module

Data Bus

Analog
A/D
Input
Converter
Module

Multiplexer

Analog Analog Analog

Filters Filters Filters

Input Input Input

X-er X-er X-er

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 Process Bus Mapping
• Part 9-1 - Sampled values over serial
unidirectional multi-drop point to point link
• Mapping of the core elements from the model for
transmission of sampled measured values
• Use of IEEE 802.3
• Part 9-2 Sampled values over ISO/IEC 8802-3
• Mapping of the complete model for transmission of
sampled measured values and the model for generic
object oriented system events (GOOSE)

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 Logical Interfaces
Remote control (NCC) Technical Services
10 7

FCT. A FCT. B
9
STATION LEVEL
1,6 1,6

8
3 3
PROT. CONTR. CONTR. PROT.

2 2 Remote
Remote BAY/UNIT LEVEL
protection protection
4,5 4,5

Process Interface Sensors Actuators

PROCESS LEVEL

HV Equipment

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 Logical Interfaces

• IF1: protection-data exchange between bay

and station level
• IF2: protection-data exchange between bay
level and remote protection
• IF3: data exchange within bay level
• IF4: CT and VT instantaneous data
exchange (especially samples) between
process and bay level
• IF5: control-data exchange between
process and bay level

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 Mapping to IEC 61850 9-2:

• The mapping provides the capability to

concatenate more than one ASDU into
one APDU before the APDU is posted into
the transmission buffer.
• The numbers of ASDUs are configurable
and related to the sample rate.

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Merging Unit

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Merging Unit Delay

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Sampled Values Based Model

TCTR Data Set and

SMV
Formatting
TVTR
Merging Unit

Relay SMV
Protection
Output
LN
Module 61850-9-1/2
Protection IED

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Sampled Values

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SV Model

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 Substation Gateway
HMI to SCADA

Ethernet Network – Station Bus

ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

Ethernet Network – Process Bus

PIU PIU PIU PIU PIU

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IEC 61850 Architecture

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 IEC 61850 Architecture

Substation Substation Gateway

HMI Computer to SCADA

Ethernet Switch Ethernet Switch

ISD PIU ISD PIU ISD

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 IEC 61850 Architecture

Substation Substation Gateway

HMI Computer to SCADA

Ethernet
Switch
Ethernet Ethernet
Switch Switch
Ethernet
Switch

ISD PIU PIU ISD

ISD PIU

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IED Process Bus Interface

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Transmission of Sampled
Values

• The data exchange shall be based on the

multicast application association.

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Transmission of Sampled
Values

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Distributed Analog Functions

Protection Interface 4
Device
TCTR

Analog Interface Unit

PDIF TVT
Logical
Connection n R
Interface 4

Interface 4
Logical
Logical Connection 2
Connection 1

TCTR
TCTR
Analog Interface Unit
Analog Interface Unit
TVT
TVT R
R
Distributed analog
function

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Disturbance Recording

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Transmission systems -
waveform record

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SAV Waveform Recording
Object Model

TCTR
RADR
TVTR

Pxxx RDRE

XCBR RBDR

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 Physical Layer

• Fiber optic transmission over

100Base-FX full duplex with ST
connectors is recommended
• Alternative: 100Base-FX with MT–RJ
connectors
• Alternative: 100Base-TX with RJ-45
connectors

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 Time synchronization

• Time synchronization is essential to any

event analysis system
• There are two common ways of
synchronizing various devices to the same
clock source:
• Synchronization over direct connection
• Network synchronization

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IEC 61850 Time Synchronization
• Accomplished using (SNTP) Simple Network Time
Protocol - a subset of NTP (Network Time Protocol).
NTP uses UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, Temps
Universel Coordonné) as reference time.
• UTC is an official standard for the current time and
evolved from the former GMT (Greenwich Mean
Time).

• The UTC second has been defined by the 13th

General Conference of Weights and Measures in 1967
as "The second is the duration of 9,192,631,770
periods of the radiation corresponding to the
transition between the two hyperfine levels of the
ground state of the cesium-133 atom."

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 Time synchronization

• SNTP accuracy is not sufficient for SAV

time synchronization

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Implementation Agreement

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 Logical Merging Unit “LMU”
Logical Device “LMU”
LN LLN0

LN IATCTR LN UATVTR PhsMeas1 MSVCB01

Amp Vol IATCTR.Amp DatSet = PhsMeas1
IBTCTR.Amp MsvID = MSVCB01
ICTCTR.Amp SmpRate = 80
LN IBTCTR LN UBTVTR Inm/cTCTR.Amp NoASDU = 1
Amp Vol
UATVTR.Vol
LN ICTCTR LN UCTVTR UBTVTR.Vol
Amp Vol UCTVTR.Vol
Unm/cTVTR.Vol

LN Inm/cTCTR LN Unm/cTVTR
Amp Vol

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RDRE Logical Node Data Objects

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Object Model Mapping

RDRE

RADR

RBDR

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Protection Applications Based
on SAV

Process
Merging Unit Protection IED

Analog Sensor Interface Interface Function Outputs

Sensor Module Module Module Module Module

Process
Status Input Interface Control
Sensor Module Module

Control Interface Unit Process

Process

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IEC 61850 Process Bus
Based

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Interoperability Demo - CIGRE 2004

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Interoperability Demo at CIGRE 2004

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CT Saturation

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 Advantages of Process Bus
• Practical elimination of CT saturation
because of the elimination of the
current leads resistance.
• CT knee-point voltage is a function of
the resistance of the different
components of the current circuit:
VK = f (RCT, RL, RRP)
• VK = Required CT knee-point voltage (volts)
• RCT = Resistance of CT secondary winding (ohms)
• RL = Resistance of a single lead from relay to CT
• RRP = Impedance of a relay phase current input

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Advantages of Process Bus
• An additional benefit of process bus
based solutions is the improvements
of the safety of the substation
• Elimination of one of the main safety
related problems - an open current
circuit condition. If this occurs while
the primary winding is energized, the
induced secondary e.m.f. under these
circumstances can be high enough to
present a danger to people’s life and
equipment insulation

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 Advantages of Process Bus
• Improves the flexibility of the protection
system.
• Current circuits can not be easily
switched due to open circuit concerns
• The above is not an issue with process
bus, because any changes will only
require modifications in the
subscription of the protection IEDs
receiving the sampled analog values
over IEC 61850 9-2.

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