Friday 24 May 2019: Biology B
Friday 24 May 2019: Biology B
Friday 24 May 2019: Biology B
Biology B
Advanced Subsidiary
Paper 2: Core Physiology and Ecology
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Show
answer.
your working in any calculation questions and include units in your
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over
P55920A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
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Answer ALL questions.
1 The diagram shows an ECG trace and pressure changes in the aorta and in the left
side of the heart.
ECG
aorta
left ventricle
valve B
closes
valve B opens
left
atrium
Time
D bicuspid
(b) Which wave on the ECG trace occurs when the pressure in the left ventricle is highest?
(1)
A P
B Q
C R
D T
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(c) Which of these structures functions as the heart’s pacemaker?
(1)
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(ii) An artificial pacemaker may be fitted to a patient’s heart to control the cardiac cycle.
Early pacemaker models did not change the heart rate.
Newer pacemaker models can change the heart rate depending on circumstances.
Comment on the advantages of these newer pacemaker models.
(4)
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2 The diagram shows a model of the structure of the cell membrane.
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(c) Explain how the properties of molecules affect their transport through the cell membrane.
(3)
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(d) The properties of cell membranes were investigated using samples of tissue from a beetroot.
The following procedure was used:
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• equal sized discs of beetroot were cut and placed in boiling tubes containing
5 cm3 of different concentrations of ethanol solution
• these boiling tubes were placed in a water bath at 20 °C for 30 minutes
• the discs of beetroot were then removed from the solutions
• a colorimeter was then used to measure the absorbance of each solution.
The ethanol solutions contained pigment that had leaked out of the beetroot discs.
The darker the red colour, the higher the absorbance.
Each concentration of ethanol solution was tested seven times.
The results of this investigation are shown in the table.
deviation
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(i) Give a reason why the beetroot discs were placed in the same volume of
ethanol solution.
(1)
(ii) Explain why the boiling tubes were kept in a water bath.
(2)
(iii) Calculate the standard deviation for absorption at the ethanol concentration
of 20% using the formula
(2)
s=
∑( x − x ) 2
n −1
Answer ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(iv) State why the standard deviation is a better measure of variation than the range.
(1)
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3 The diagrams show blood samples from two adult patients as seen using a microscope.
Adult 1 Adult 2
Answer ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Compare and contrast the blood sample from Adult 1 with the blood sample
from Adult 2.
(3)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(iii) Explain the likely causes of the differences seen in the sample from Adult 2.
(2)
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(iv) Give one assumption that is made to enable a valid comparison between
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4 An experiment was carried out to measure the rate of uptake and loss of water in a
plant, using a mass potometer.
plant
syringe
oil film
cotton wool
mark water
level
water
48 hours
balance pan
The plant was left for 48 hours and the change in mass and volume of water that the
plant had absorbed were measured.
The results showed that the plant had lost 3.1 g in 48 hours.
A volume of 3.2 cm3 of water was added to restore the original water level in the flask.
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(b) In which of these conditions would water uptake be slowest?
(1)
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(c) Water uptake in plants can also be investigated using a bubble potometer.
The diagram shows a bubble potometer.
leafy shoot
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rubber tube
capillary tube
air bubble
water
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(i) Compare and contrast the mass potometer with the bubble potometer as
methods of measuring the rate of transpiration.
(4)
(ii) Describe how the bubble potometer can be used to investigate the effect of
wind speed on the rate of water uptake.
(4)
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5 Taxonomy defines and names groups of organisms.
(1)
A domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
B domain, kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species
C kingdom, domain, order, phylum, class, genus, family, species
D kingdom, phylum, domain, order, class, family, genus, species
(b) (i) Describe the information scientists can use to classify an organism as a new species.
(4)
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(c) The hawthorn fly is found in a part of North America.
The hawthorn fly has separated into two species.
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(d) Changes in the number of chromosomes of lizards can occur, resulting in speciation.
Some lizards are tetraploid (4n) rather than diploid (2n).
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6 The graph shows the total number of endangered species and the number of new
species listed as endangered from 1985 to 2015.
1400 Number of
Number of species
new species
1200
listed as
1000 endangered
each year
800
600 Total
number of
400 endangered
200 species
0
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
(a) (i) Calculate the rate of change in the total number of endangered species
between 1985 and 2015.
(2)
Answer ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain how the total number of endangered species and the total number of
new species listed as endangered each year have both changed.
(4)
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*(b) A student stated that ‘zoos are successful at protecting endangered species
from extinction’.
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7 A model can be used to show the effect of surface area on the efficiency of diffusion
in the lungs.
Answer .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . m2
Answer ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The lungs do not consist of two large spheres. They contain 6000 million small,
spherical alveoli.
(i) Explain how having many alveoli increases the efficiency of the diffusion in
the lungs.
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(2)
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(ii) Explain how other features of alveoli enable efficient diffusion in the lungs.
(3)
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8 The photograph shows a locust.
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